CN106342650A - Simple frame close planting grape tree form and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Simple frame close planting grape tree form and construction method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106342650A
CN106342650A CN201610793338.6A CN201610793338A CN106342650A CN 106342650 A CN106342650 A CN 106342650A CN 201610793338 A CN201610793338 A CN 201610793338A CN 106342650 A CN106342650 A CN 106342650A
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China
Prior art keywords
trunk
tree
fruit
simple rack
young sprout
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CN201610793338.6A
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CN106342650B (en
Inventor
杨丽丽
孙聪伟
赵艳卓
褚凤杰
李增运
高志货
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Shijiazhuang Institute of Fruit Trees of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and ForestrySciences
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Shijiazhuang Institute of Fruit Trees of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and ForestrySciences
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Priority to CN201610793338.6A priority Critical patent/CN106342650B/en
Publication of CN106342650A publication Critical patent/CN106342650A/en
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Publication of CN106342650B publication Critical patent/CN106342650B/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/02Cultivation of hops or vines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/04Supports for hops, vines, or trees

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of grape tree orchard establishment and pruning, and particularly relates to a simple frame close planting grape tree form and a construction method thereof. A frame material is simple concrete columns and lead wires, and trellis cultivation is performed; the tree form comprises a trunk with the height being 1.6-1.7 m, two bearing branch sets are arranged at the position, 60-120 cm away from the ground, of the trunk, each bearing branch set is provided with two bearing mother branches, and the bearing branch sets grow between lines; the number of each tree bearing mother branches is eight; shoots naturally grow between the lines, no binding is preformed, the angle between the shoots and the trunk is stretched open by means of weight of fruits, and the length of the shoots is controlled to be 1-1.1 m; leaf curtains are divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the distance is 60 cm, and better ventilation and light penetration are conveniently achieved; short tip pruning is adopted in winter. The orchard establishment cost is lowered, the flower induction ratio and the early-stage yield are increased, and the novel tree form is suitable for close planting cultivation.

Description

A kind of Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae is tree-like and its construction method
Technical field
The invention belongs to vine pruning technique field, specifically, be related to a kind of Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae tree-like and Its construction method.
Background technology
Frame shape and Training system are one of important cultivation management technology measures of Fructus Vitis viniferae, and it can build the space knot of tree body Structure, improves the utilization rate to space for the tree body, increases ventilation and penetrating light, the nutrition supply of balance tree body, promotes bud differentiation, suppressed Degree is nourished and grown, and effectively lifts the yield and quality of fruit.
Fructus Vitis viniferae is liana, will realize commercialization cultivation and frame material must be relied on to support structure tree-like.On producing at present Conventional tree-like mainly have the many main stems of hedge frame fan-shaped and level dragon form, the Dulong of frame is done tree-like.These are tree-like to be required for Kind frame material, to support tree-like growth, does not have the support of frame material, and the merchandized handling of Fructus Vitis viniferae is difficult to realize.Application in production Frame material mostly is clean steel frame, steel reinforced concrete and a small amount of wood materials.The frame material of general open country building well puts into as 3000~8000 yuan, Early stage building well puts into the higher big obstacle becoming Fructus Vitis viniferae industry development, and reduce frame material to put into is the weight that reduces cost puts into Want content.
For densely inhabited district, improve the utilization rate in unit area soil and the output value is always the target that orchard worker pursues; Obtain income as early as possible is also one of important indicator of Fructus Vitis viniferae merchandized handling simultaneously.Simple rack planting culture, not only can reduce Building well cost input can also obtain income, the development trend of suitable densely inhabited district agricultural ahead of time.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae is tree-like and its construction method, suitable by cultivating Trunk height, the rational fruit-bearing shoot cluster of structure, to reach the maximization of space utilization, improve the efficiency of light energy utilization, and adjustment is annual The growth angle of branch, promotes bud differentiation, saves frame material and manually puts into reach, improves tree body early yield and quality, increase Add the purpose of benefit.
The embodiment provides a kind of Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae is tree-like.
Simple rack is built by concrete column and galvanized wire;The upright trunk of dense planting one 1.6~1.7m of tree-like inclusion and 4 results Branch group, 8 bearing basal shoots;Leaf curtain layer divides upper and lower two-layer;New-tip length controls in 1m~1.1m not bondage;Winter is repaiied using the short tip Cut.
Further, Simple rack concrete column is arranged with 56 every mu, draws twice 12 in 80cm and 150cm eminence on ground Galvanized wire, forms Simple rack.
Further, 4 fruit-bearing shoot clusters are located at trunk 60cm and 120cm eminence two-by-two, form two leaf curtains at a distance of 60cm Layer, young sprout in the ranks stretches naturally to both sides, relies on fruit weight to become 80 °~110 ° angles with trunk, naturally droops, not bondage.
Embodiments of the invention additionally provide a kind of tree-like construction method of above-mentioned Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae, walk including following Rapid:
1) every mu constitutes Simple rack by 56 concrete columns and twice galvanized wire;
2) select one-level detoxification Fructus Vitis viniferae nursery stock, fixed by 445~667 plants of density of seeding row spacing (0.5~0.75) every mu of m × 2m Plant;
3) cultivate trunk, retain a healthy and strong young sprout vertical growth after rudiment, when new-tip length reaches 1.7m~1.8m Pinching, is trained trunk;
4) cultivation results mother branch, Second Year, every young sprout stays 1 fringe fruit, stretches young sprout by the weight of fruit and becomes 80 ° with trunk ~110 ° of angles, not bondage;Select the annual shoot short cane pruning of 60cm and 120 centimetre of eminence on trunk, as the coming year after autumn Bearing basal shoot;
5) the 3rd year, emphasis cultivated the young sprout of trunk 60cm and 120 centimetres of eminences, and remaining young sprout completes result then All remove after task, the tree-like shaping of laborsaving dense planting.
Compared with prior art the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: Simple rack decreases building well cost input;Tie up for this tree-like Tie up trunk, not bondage young sprout, the recruitment eliminating young sprout bondage link puts into;Young sprout leans on fruit ear gravity and trunk pulling-off angle simultaneously Degree, not only inhibits and nourishes and grows, and promote bud differentiation, preferably solve part kind and be difficult into a colored difficult problem; Double-deck leaf curtain not only increases young sprout amount, also increases the ventilation and penetrating light of garden simultaneously, improves land utilization ratio, is a kind of suitable The close branch cultivation of preferably densely populated areas is newly tree-like.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is a kind of tree-like structural representation of present invention Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail for shown each embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should explanation, these Embodiment not limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art according to these embodiment institute work energy, method, Or the equivalent transformation in structure or replacement, belong within protection scope of the present invention.
Shown in ginseng Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is a kind of tree-like structural representation of present invention Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae.
Present embodiments provide a kind of Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae tree-like, including Simple rack construction and the tree-like two parts of dense planting. Frame material is precast reinforced concrete column (210cm × 10cm × 10cm), adjacent cement intercolumniation 6m, 56 every mu, on ground 80cm and 150cm eminence draws No. 12 galvanized wires of twice.
The trunk 1 of one 1.6~1.7m of tree-like inclusion, trunk base portion tiltable, top is upright;In trunk away from ground 60cm There are two fruit-bearing shoot clusters 2 with 120 centimeters respectively, each fruit-bearing shoot cluster has 2 bearing basal shoots, in the ranks give birth to respectively by court for fruit-bearing shoot cluster Long;Every plant of tree bearing basal shoot quantity is 8;Towards growth, not bondage naturally in the ranks, Growing season new-tip length controls young sprout 3 1.0m about (1m~1.1m), winter adopts short cane pruning;Only trunk is strapped on twice galvanized wire, young sprout not bondage, natural To in the ranks stretching, the weight of fruit is relied on to pull open the angle (80 °~110 ° angles) of young sprout and trunk;Leaf curtain is divided into upper and lower two-layer, Spacing 60cm, is easy to more preferable ventilation and penetrating light.This tree-like suitable seeding row spacing is (0.5~0.75) every mu of m × 2m 445~667 The density field planting of strain, for 1:1.3, suitable per mu yield is 2000kg~3000kg to suitable average Fruit branch ratio.
Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae that the present embodiment provides is tree-like to compare that other tree-like preferably to solve bud differentiation difficult Problem, the young sprout naturally drooping promotes bud differentiation, makes into flower and is easier, can achieve and get bumper crops year after year.This invention is a kind of Simple rack planting culture is newly tree-like, building well low cost, be easy to operation, eliminate tie up tip link, save labour force;Can be lifted simultaneously Unit area land utilization ratio, is effectively increased the early income in vineyard, is conducive to cost-recovering as early as possible.
Present embodiments provide that a kind of Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae is tree-like and construction method, comprise the following steps:
1) prefabricated specification is the reinforced concrete post of 210cm × 10cm × 10cm, and by the line-spacing of 2m, the adjacent intercolumniation of 6m is buried Concrete column, embedment subterranean depth is 40cm~50m.Drawing No. 12 galvanized wires of twice away from ground 80cm and 150cm eminence, in case bondage Trunk.
2) select one-level detoxification Fructus Vitis viniferae nursery stock, by the density field planting of seeding row spacing 0.75m × 445 plants of every mu of 2m, soil burial winter protection Area can be colonized with ground inclination 45° angle.
3) cultivate trunk, retain a healthy and strong young sprout vertical growth after rudiment, be strapped on iron wire, when new-tip length reaches Pinching during 1.7m~1.8m, is trained trunk;Strong tree vigo(u)r kind sublateral shoot retains 4~5 leaf pinching, weak 2~3 leaves of tree vigo(u)r sublateral shoot Pinching, not bondage.Trunk height 1.6m~1.7m is determined in autumn pruning, and reservation 1~2 bud that sublateral shoot diameter reaches 0.8cm is pruned, weak Little removes from base portion.
4) cultivation results mother branch, Second Year, from the branch that trunk is sprouted and First Year, the part branch sprouted is reserved sublateral shoot Bar becomes bow structure fruit, and every tip stays 1 fringe fruit, stretches young sprout by the weight of fruit and becomes 80 °~110 ° angles, not bondage with trunk.After autumn Select the annual shoot short cane pruning of 60cm and 120 centimetre of eminence on trunk, as the bearing basal shoot in the coming year, remaining young sprout is suitable Remove.
5) the 3rd year, emphasis cultivated the young sprout of trunk 60cm and 120 centimetres of eminences, and remaining young sprout completes result then All remove after task, the tree-like shaping of laborsaving dense planting.
Below according to the tree-like construction method of above-mentioned Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae, selection growth potential is strong, become to spend poor America and Europe to plant Summer Black Grape, carries out the tree-like structure (pruning) of Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae, concrete steps under North China's cultivation method Including:
1st, Simple rack building well
By the line-spacing of 2m, the adjacent intercolumniation of 6m buries concrete column, and embedment subterranean depth is 40cm~50m.Away from ground 80cm and 150cm eminence draws No. 12 galvanized wires of twice, in case bondage trunk.Lay irrigating facility simultaneously.
2nd, selection of seedling and field planting
Using one-level detoxification Fructus Vitis viniferae nursery stock it is desirable to nursery stock purity more than 98%;Well developed root system, lateral root number is more than 5, side Root length is more than 20cm;Branch rugosity is more than 0.8cm;The full stalwartness of eye;Grafting stock height is 10~15cm, graft union Heal completely;Nursery stock has no mechanical damage, no disease and pests harm;By the field planting of default seeding row spacing.
3rd, the culture of trunk
North China's mid or late March field planting high quality seedling, retains a healthy and strong young sprout vertical growth, is strapped in ferrum after rudiment On silk, the pinching when new-tip length reaches 1.7m~1.8m, it is trained trunk;Strong tree vigo(u)r kind sublateral shoot retains 4~5 leaves and plucks The heart, weak 2~3 leaf pinching of tree vigo(u)r sublateral shoot, not bondage.Trunk height 1.6m~1.7m is determined in autumn pruning, and sublateral shoot diameter reaches Reservation 1~2 bud of 0.8cm is pruned, and small and weak removes from base portion.
4th, fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture
Second Year, reserves, from the branch that trunk is sprouted and First Year, the part branch sprouted sublateral shoot and becomes bow structure fruit, every tip Stay 1 fringe fruit, not bondage angled with trunk by the weight stretching young sprout of fruit.Select 60cm and 120 on trunk after autumn The annual shoot short cane pruning of centimetre eminence, as the bearing basal shoot in the coming year, remaining young sprout suitably removes.3rd year, emphasis was trained Foster trunk 60cm and the young sprout of 120cm eminence, during winter pruning, young sprout retains 1~2 bud short cane pruning, as the knot of next year The female branch of fruit, remaining young sprout all removes after completing result task then, is thus formed in trunk 60cm and 120cm eminence Two groups of fruit-bearing shoot clusters, the tree-like shaping of laborsaving dense planting, so far complete tree-like culture.
Apply this tree-like, in Hebei Jinzhou, Xinle, manyly multiple kinds such as Ju Feng, summer black, sunlight Flos Rosae Rugosae are entered all over the city etc. Go test, from one-level strong sprout, formed within 1 year that trunk is tree-like, Second Year starts result, and bud differentiation is good, Second Year per mu yield Up to more than 1500kg, percent rate of high quality fruit reaches more than 90% to amount, tree-like far above existing dense planting.Advantage of the invention is that building well cost Low, bud differentiation is good, be easy to operation, eliminate tie up tip link, save labour force;Unit area Land_use change can be lifted simultaneously Rate, is effectively increased the early income in vineyard, is conducive to cost-recovering as early as possible.In suitable densely populated areas and facility, development is close Branch vinegrowing.
A kind of Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae is tree-like and its construction method by providing for the present invention, has the following technical effect that
1st, the present invention provides Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae is tree-like be a kind of be applied to the newly tree-like of orchard, frame material requires Simply, building well low cost;Entirely tree-like it is made up of 1 trunk and 4 fruit-bearing shoot clusters.High 1.6m~the 1.7m of trunk after shaping, 4 Individual fruit-bearing shoot cluster is distributed in trunk 60cm and 120cm eminence two-by-two, forms two leaf curtain layers at a distance of 60cm, is easy to ventilation thoroughly Light, and improve unit area land utilization ratio.
2nd, the Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae that the present invention provides is tree-like to be that dense planting is tree-like, plants 445~667 plants for every mu, seeding row spacing For (0.5m~0.75m) × 2m, hedge frame, planting culture, young sprout naturally droops without bondage, forms 80 °~110 ° angles with trunk, Suppression is nourished and grown, and is more beneficial for bud differentiation and saving of work and time.
3rd, the tree-like Second Year per mu yield of Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae that the present invention provides, up to more than 1500kg, shapes tree per mu yield Amount, up to 2000kg~3000kg, is that stable high yield is tree-like;And this tree-like pruning method is simple, it is easy to operate.This is tree-like Winter pruning is all pruned using short bud, and each bearing basal shoot stays 1~2 bud;Summer young sprout grows to pinching after 1m, and sublateral shoot is whole Remove.
4th, the tree-like open country that both can be applicable to suitable dense planting of Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae of present invention offer, hot house, temperature Room, also apply be applicable to southern simple rain shelter cultivation, applied range.
The a series of detailed description of those listed above is only for the feasibility embodiment of the present invention specifically Bright, they simultaneously are not used to limit the scope of the invention, all equivalent implementations made without departing from skill spirit of the present invention Or change should be included within the scope of the present invention.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, Er Qie In the case of the spirit or essential attributes of the present invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter From the point of view of which point, embodiment all should be regarded as exemplary, and be nonrestrictive, the scope of the present invention is by appended power Profit requires rather than described above limits, it is intended that all in the implication and scope of the equivalency of claim by falling Change is included in the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae tree-like it is characterised in that Simple rack is built by concrete column and galvanized wire;The tree-like inclusion of dense planting The upright trunk of one 1.6~1.7m and 4 fruit-bearing shoot clusters, 8 bearing basal shoots;Leaf curtain layer divides upper and lower two-layer;New-tip length control System is in 1m~1.1m not bondage;Winter adopts short cane pruning.
2. a kind of Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae according to claim 1 tree-like it is characterised in that Simple rack concrete column is with 56 Every mu of setting, draws No. 12 galvanized wires of twice in 80cm and 150cm eminence on ground, forms Simple rack.
3. a kind of Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae according to claim 2 tree-like it is characterised in that described 4 fruit-bearing shoot clusters two Two are located at trunk 60cm and 120cm eminence, form two leaf curtain layers at a distance of 60cm, and young sprout in the ranks stretches naturally to both sides, according to Become 80 °~110 ° angles with trunk by fruit weight, naturally droop, not bondage.
4. a kind of tree-like construction method of the Simple rack dense planting Fructus Vitis viniferae described in claim 1 is it is characterised in that include following walking Rapid:
1) every mu constitutes Simple rack by 56 concrete columns and twice galvanized wire;
2) select one-level detoxification Fructus Vitis viniferae nursery stock, by 445~667 plants of density field planting of seeding row spacing (0.5~0.75) every mu of m × 2m;
3) cultivate trunk, the healthy and strong young sprout vertical growth of reservation one after rudiment, the pinching when new-tip length reaches 1.7m~1.8m, It is trained trunk;
4) cultivation results mother branch, Second Year, every young sprout stays 1 fringe fruit, by the weight of fruit stretch young sprout become with trunk 80 °~ 110 ° of angles, not bondage;Select the annual shoot short cane pruning of 60cm and 120 centimetre of eminence on trunk, as the knot in the coming year after autumn The female branch of fruit;
5) the 3rd year, emphasis cultivated the young sprout of trunk 60cm and 120 centimetres of eminences, and remaining young sprout completes result task then All remove afterwards, the tree-like shaping of laborsaving dense planting.
CN201610793338.6A 2016-08-31 2016-08-31 A kind of Simple rack dense planting grape is tree-like and its construction method Expired - Fee Related CN106342650B (en)

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114431064A (en) * 2022-01-21 2022-05-06 上杭蓝家渡葡萄酒业有限公司 Design method of wine grape trellis surface '4 lines and 3 bands' suitable for southern climatic conditions

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114431064A (en) * 2022-01-21 2022-05-06 上杭蓝家渡葡萄酒业有限公司 Design method of wine grape trellis surface '4 lines and 3 bands' suitable for southern climatic conditions

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