CN105638374B - A kind of pomegranate cultural method - Google Patents

A kind of pomegranate cultural method Download PDF

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CN105638374B
CN105638374B CN201610151415.8A CN201610151415A CN105638374B CN 105638374 B CN105638374 B CN 105638374B CN 201610151415 A CN201610151415 A CN 201610151415A CN 105638374 B CN105638374 B CN 105638374B
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branch
drawstring
layer
pomegranate
single rack
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CN105638374A (en
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俞飞飞
周军永
郭新峰
孙其宝
郭新艳
陆丽娟
刘茂
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Institute of Gardening of Anhui Academy Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/04Supports for hops, vines, or trees
    • A01G17/10Holders for boughs or branches

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of pomegranate cultural method.This method includes the special frame being made of a plurality of single rack and drawstring, and comprises the following steps:(1) a plurality of single rack are set to a line by south-north direction, pomegranate is colonized in the interval region of adjacent single rack;After spring rudiment in (2) the 2nd years, upper end is done at center and selects and remain upright, robust growth a young sprout as the dry extending head culture in center;After spring rudiment in (3) the 3rd years, the good young sprout in an orientation is selected on each major branch top of the second layer as major branch extending head culture.The present invention is isolated and is fixed to pomegranate branch of the plantation on trapezoidal ridge face using special frame, and branch growing way is guided, and can be reduced and manually be drawn branch, turns round the tip, the cost of beta pruning;After the special frame, pomegranate percentage of fertile fruit improves, and Cracking fruit reduces, and disease mitigates, the increase of best buy fruit, and stable yields is got bumper crops every year, greatly improves the economic benefit of orchard worker.

Description

A kind of pomegranate cultural method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pomegranate cultural method.
Background technology
Pomegranate originates in Central Asia Iran and its surrounding area, China's history more than 2100 years existing is passed to, in China There is cultivation in most of areas;The weather that pomegranate happiness is sunny, drying is warm, manurial-philous, relatively cold-resistant, drought-enduring, barren-resistant and fearness Waterlogging.
At present, the method that pomegranate plantation uses mainly has two kinds:
A kind of is traditional more trunk natural open centre shape structures, the outdoor growth of pomegranate of the tree structure, full tree shares 3~ 4 trunks, 9~12 major branches, 45~60 fruit-bearing shoot clusters, hat width, tree height are controlled at 3.5~4 meters;The tree-like base portion trunk More, top branch is disorderly, and ventilation and penetrating light is poor, and pest and disease damage is serious;This is tree-like easily strong up and weak down, fruitful branch it is main it is raw in tree crown Outside, plane is as a result, low output, and Fruit sunburn phenomenon is serious, fruit appearance, poor quality;Lower part trunk is more and irregular, It can not be applied fertilizer, be gone and buy Chinese medicine using small-sized machine.
Another kind is that single-trunk popular at present opens heart-shaped structure, and the outdoor growth of pomegranate of the tree structure, full tree has 1 A trunk, 3~4 major branches, 6~8 fruit-bearing shoot clusters, set high control at 2.5~3 meters;This is tree-like neat, but low output.
Pomegranate branch is soft, and has acupuncture above, and both above tree structure cannot be all solved in fruit growth, branch with Phase mutual friction, collision between fruit and branch, fruit and fruit caused by wind is swung, therefore pomegranate surface is often damaged, is pierced Wound, seriously affects fruit marketability;If the pomegranate florescence is cloudy and drizzly for days on end, it is unfavorable for pollinating, and then influences percentage of fertile fruit and yield;Stone Pomegranate fructescence, heavy rain or a run of wet weather are met if prominent, fruit easily dehiscent fruit, Cracking fruit it is high can reach more than 70%, sternly Ghost image rings fruit marketability and orchard worker's economic benefit.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of pomegranate cultural method.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a kind of pomegranate cultural method, including special Frame, special frame are made of a plurality of single rack and drawstring;Single rack includes column, first crossbeam, second cross beam, the 3rd crossbeam;
First crossbeam, second cross beam, the 3rd crossbeam is bottom-up is arranged on column;First crossbeam, second cross beam, the 3rd Crossbeam with column cross and the distance of spaced setting;
First crossbeam is symmetrical arranged 2 first diagonal braces and is connected with column;Second cross beam sets 2 second diagonal braces to connect with column Connect;
The spacing of a plurality of single rack arrangement each single rack in a row and in row is equal;
Drawstring includes first layer drawstring, second layer drawstring, third layer drawstring and the 4th layer of drawstring;
The midpoint of 2 first diagonal braces of adjacent single rack connects and composes first layer drawstring by drawstring in a line;
The midpoint of the second diagonal brace of adjacent single rack connects and composes third layer drawstring by drawstring in a line;
The both ends of the first crossbeam of adjacent single rack connect and compose second layer drawstring by drawstring in a line;
The both ends of the second cross beam of adjacent single rack connect and compose the 4th layer of drawstring by drawstring in a line;
Pomegranate cultural method, comprises the following steps:
(1) a plurality of single rack are set to a line by south-north direction, and in row adjacent single rack spacing it is equal;Adjacent Field planting pomegranate in the interval region of single rack, it is fixed dry at 70~80cm after pomegranate is colonized, after rudiment, below trunk 50cm Rudiment and root turion are erased in time, and when young sprout grows to 40cm or so, upright a bamboo pole or waddy are inserted beside trunk, selects one A upright, robust growth young sprout is done as center, and being strapped on bamboo pole grows up it, remaining young sprout is as first Layer major branch culture;
During winter pruning, the branch of the culture cutting back at 50~70cm is done as center;As the branch of major branch culture, choosing The good healthy and strong branch in 4~6 orientation is stayed as first layer major branch, the cutting back at 50~60cm, and uniformly it is strapped in trunk both sides First layer drawstring on, V-shaped distribution;Remaining branch and sprout tillers all remove on trunk;
After spring rudiment in (2) the 2nd years, upper end is done at center and is selected and remain in upright, robust growth a young sprout conduct The dry extending head culture of the heart, remaining young sprout of upper end are erased, and the pinching when extending head grows to 50~60cm, promotees its diameter increment and sprouting Side shoot;Spring reaches in the young sprout that each major branch top of first layer selects an orientation good as major branch extending head culture, new-tip length To pinching during 40~50cm;The branch of excessive growth on major branch removes or cutting back is trained auxiliary support branch;
During winter pruning, the side shoot on major branch is uniformly strapped on second layer drawstring, V-shaped distribution;Remove overstocked branch, Thin and delicate branch, sick branch, the branch of excessive growth and root turion;Done at center away from selecting and remain 4~6 good stalwartnesses in orientation at 150~170cm of ground Branch is as second layer major branch, the cutting back at 50~60cm, and is uniformly strapped on third layer drawstring, remaining branch includes center Dry extending head is cut off;
After spring rudiment in (3) the 3rd years, the good young sprout in an orientation is selected as major branch on each major branch top of the second layer and is extended Head culture, pinching when new-tip length reaches 40~50cm, promotees its diameter increment and sprouts side shoot;That is sprouted on first layer major branch is new The tip, has keeping for space to be trained fruitful branch, the thin of no space is gone;
During winter pruning, the side shoot on second layer major branch is uniformly strapped on the 4th layer of drawstring, V-shaped distribution;Remove thin Weak branch, dense branches, deadwood and useless branch, draw branch or cutting back, leafage branch goes weak stay by force to the branch of excessive growth of vacancy;Golden mean of the Confucian school branch density Stay dilute;
Under good fertilizer and water management, through pruning in 3 years, you can form the double V-arrangements of single-trunk, later annual trimming is with thin Based on branch, the branch of excessive growth, overstocked branch, sick branch are removed, bounce back descending branch, wipes out root turion etc..
Preferably, in step (1), the side shoot on major branch and major branch, is uniformly strapped in by growth orientation and is symmetrical arranged On the first layer drawstring of trunk both sides, second layer drawstring, third layer drawstring and the 4th layer of drawstring, it is in after major branch and young sprout bondage V-arrangement growth tendency.
Preferably, in step (1), pomegranate is planted on trapezoidal ridge face, the upper 1.4~1.6m of bottom width in trapezoidal ridge face, 1.8~2.0m of lower bottom width, the high 30~40cm in ridge, are work road and draining ditch between ridge and ridge, and are laid with trapezoidal ridge face Ground cloth, suppresses weed growth, while keeps root soil moisture balanced, avoid excess moisture and great change and cause pomegranate dehiscent fruit and It is diseased.
Preferably, in step (1) pomegranate plantation density, seeding row spacing is 2.0m × 4.0m.
Preferably, simple rain-shelter or steelframe booth, rain-shelter south-north direction, the column of rain-shelter are taken on pomegranate treetop Shared with the column of pomegranate frame, rain-shelter is same wide with the 3rd crossbeam, and plastic film is covered on canopy, and rainwater is flowed into along plastic film In draining ditch and gutter, the route of transmission that rainwater propagates disease is cut through.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The pomegranate cultural method has the advantage that compared with traditional cultivation method:First, pomegranate major branch complications are stretched obliquely Exhibition, reduce growth potential, will not be formed it is strong up and weak down, will not become trunk competitive branch, while relaxed nutrient growth with The contradiction of reproductive growth, is conducive to improve pomegranate percentage of fertile fruit and quality;Secondly, fruit burns in blade in the following, day is less likely to occur, Fruit condition and quality are greatly improved;3rd, fruitful branch and branch group are uniformly strapped on drawstring, and ventilation and penetrating light is good, and Fruit surface friction will not be caused, damages, stab, greatly improves fruit marketability;4th, the cultural method using Wide row dense planting, work road is wider (2m or so) between row and row, and Pomegranate Garden ventilation and penetrating light is good, and pest and disease damage is light, and is easy to machine Toolization fertilising, spray and weeding etc., reduce labour's production cost.
The pomegranate cultural method has the advantage that compared with going alone happy shape method:First, two layers up and down of the tree structure As a result, nearly 1 times of output increased;Secondly, fruitful branch and the uniform bondage of branch group are on a steel cord, non-cross between branch, photosynthetic Action effect accordingly strengthens, and will not rub between fruit and between fruit and branch, greatly improve fruit marketability and Quality.
Suitable for the special frame of the cultural method, it is not only simple in structure, and is easy to pomegranate Cultivate administration, can reduces manually Draw branch, turn round the tip, the cost of beta pruning;After the special frame, pomegranate percentage of fertile fruit improves, and Cracking fruit reduces, and disease mitigates, high-quality business Product fruit increases, and stable yields is got bumper crops every year, greatly improves the economic benefit of orchard worker.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the single rack structure diagram of the special frame of pomegranate cultural method embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the front view of the special frame of pomegranate cultural method embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the side view of the special frame of pomegranate cultural method embodiment of the present invention.
Marked in figure, 1- columns, 2- first crossbeams, 3- second cross beams, the 3rd crossbeams of 4-, the first diagonal braces of 5-, 6- second is oblique Support, 7- first layer drawstrings, 8- second layer drawstrings, 9- third layer drawstrings, the 4th layer of drawstring of 10-, the trapezoidal ridge faces of 11-, 12- take shelter from rain Canopy, 13- pomegranates.
Embodiment
A kind of special frame for pomegranate cultivation, is made of, and multiple single rack are arranged in the equal single rack of multiple spacing For a line.
In Fig. 1, each single rack is made of column 1, first crossbeam 2, second cross beam 3, the 3rd crossbeam 4.Each single rack The length of first crossbeam and second cross beam is 2m, the equal length of the 3rd crossbeam of each single rack and be 3~3.5m.
First crossbeam 2, second cross beam 3, the 3rd crossbeam 4 be bottom-up be arranged on column 1 and with column cross, its Neutral pillar height 3.5m, 1.2m, the spacing between first crossbeam 2, second cross beam 3, the 3rd crossbeam 4 are first crossbeam 2 from the ground 1.0m。
At 1 liftoff 60cm and 160cm of column, be respectively equipped with the first diagonal brace 5 and first diagonal braces of the second diagonal brace 6,25 with Column 1, first crossbeam 2 form 2 isosceles triangles that two base angles are 45 °, 2 second diagonal braces 6 and column 1, second cross beam 3 Form 2 isosceles triangles that two base angles are 45 °.
In figure 3, the first layer drawstring 7 and the 3rd of bondage major branch is respectively equipped among the first diagonal brace 5 and the second diagonal brace 6 Layer drawstring 9, at 3 both ends of first crossbeam 2 and second cross beam, is respectively equipped with the second layer of bondage major branch, fruitful branch and fruit-bearing shoot cluster Drawstring 8 and the 4th layer of drawstring 10, so design the pattern of pomegranate frame, can guarantee that the master of pomegranate 13 of the plantation on trapezoidal ridge face 11 Branch is tortuous upwards, the distribution of branch forming V-shape, growth tendency, and then ensure pomegranate fruit quality and commodity obliquely.
In fig. 2, the stem height of each single rack with the length of crossbeam is equal, and the distance between adjacent single rack It is 4m.
First layer drawstring 7, second layer drawstring 8, third layer drawstring 9, the 4th layer of drawstring 10 be respectively 2 drawstrings using column as Center symmetric setting, and first, second, third and fourth layer drawstring is parallel to each other.
7 ground height of first layer drawstring is 90cm, and 9 ground height of third layer drawstring is 190cm;
First layer drawstring 7, second layer drawstring 8, third layer drawstring 9, the 4th layer of drawstring 10 are steel wire rope.
First layer drawstring, second layer drawstring, third layer drawstring, the 4th layer of drawstring are formed by two steel wires.
Drawstring can also use the plastic ties of Anti-aging, high-strength degree.
Using the pomegranate cultural method of above-mentioned special frame, comprise the following steps that:
(1) several single rack are set to a line by south-north direction, and the spacing of adjacent single rack is 4m in row;Adjacent 2 pomegranates 13 of field planting in the interval region of single rack.Pomegranate 13 be colonized after, 70~80cm at calmly do, after rudiment, trunk 50cm with Under rudiment and root turion erase in time, when young sprout grows to 40cm or so, beside trunk insert upright a bamboo pole or waddy, choosing Select upright, robust growth a young sprout and do culture as center, being strapped on bamboo pole grows up it, remaining young sprout As first layer major branch culture;
During winter pruning, the branch of the culture cutting back at 50~70cm is done as center;As the branch of major branch culture, choosing The good healthy and strong branch in 4~6 orientation is stayed as first layer major branch, the cutting back at 50~60cm, and uniformly it is strapped in first layer drawing On rope 7, V-shaped distribution;Remaining branch and sprout tillers all remove on intersection branch, overlapping branch and trunk on major branch;
Wherein, the side shoot on major branch and major branch, is uniformly strapped in by growth orientation and is symmetricly set on the first of trunk both sides On layer drawstring, second layer drawstring, third layer drawstring and the 4th layer of drawstring, V-shaped growth tendency after major branch and young sprout bondage.
After spring rudiment in (2) the 2nd years, done at center top select a upright young sprout as trunk extending head after Continuous culture, pinching when new-tip length reaches 50~60cm, promotees its diameter increment and sprouts side shoot;In each major branch top choosing of first layer A good young sprout in orientation is selected as extending head culture, pinching when new-tip length reaches 40~50cm;To the branch of excessive growth on major branch Remove or cutting back is trained fruit-bearing shoot cluster;
During winter pruning, the side shoot on major branch and major branch is uniformly strapped on second layer drawstring 8, V-shaped distribution;Remove Overstocked branch, thin and delicate branch, sick branch, the branch of excessive growth and root turion;Done at center away from selecting and remain 4~6 orientation at 150~170cm of ground Good healthy and strong branch is as second layer major branch, the cutting back at 50~60cm, and is uniformly strapped on third layer drawstring 9, remaining branch Bar is cut off including the dry extending head in center;
After spring rudiment in (3) the 3rd years, the good young sprout in an orientation is selected as extending head on each major branch top of the second layer and is trained Support, pinching when new-tip length reaches 40~50cm, promote its diameter increment and sprout side shoot;The young sprout sprouted on first layer major branch, There is keeping for space to be trained fruitful branch, the thin of no space is gone;
During winter pruning, second layer major branch and side shoot above are uniformly strapped on the 4th layer of drawstring 10, V-shaped distribution; Thin and delicate branch, dense branches, deadwood and useless branch are removed, branch or cutting back are drawn to the branch of excessive growth of vacancy, leafage branch goes weak stay by force;The golden mean of the Confucian school Branch density stays dilute;
Under good fertilizer and water management, through pruning in 3 years, you can form the double V-arrangements of single-trunk, later annual trimming is with thin Based on branch, the branch of excessive growth, overstocked branch, sick branch are removed, bounce back descending branch, wipes out root turion etc..
(4) the implantation methods pomegranate plantation density, seeding row spacing are 2.0m × 4.0m, and pomegranate is planted on trapezoidal ridge face 11, 1.4~1.6m of bottom width on the face of ridge, 1.8~2.0m of lower bottom width, the high 30~40cm in ridge is work road and draining ditch between ridge and ridge, Orchard surrounding has gutter.
(5) ground cloth is laid with trapezoidal ridge face 11, suppresses weed growth, while keeps root soil moisture balanced, avoids water Divide excessive and great change and cause pomegranate dehiscent fruit and illness.
(6) simple rain-shelter or steelframe booth, rain-shelter south-north direction, the column and stone of rain-shelter are taken on pomegranate treetop The column of pomegranate frame shares, and rain-shelter and the 3rd crossbeam cover plastic film with wide on canopy, rainwater along film flow into draining ditch and In gutter, the route of transmission that rainwater propagates disease is cut through.
The embodiments of the present invention described above are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is any in the present invention Spirit and principle within the modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made etc., should be included in the claim protection model of the present invention Within enclosing.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of pomegranate cultural method, including special frame, the special frame are made of a plurality of single rack and drawstring;The single rack bag Include column, first crossbeam, second cross beam, the 3rd crossbeam;
The first crossbeam, second cross beam, the 3rd crossbeam is bottom-up is arranged on column;The first crossbeam, second cross beam, 3rd crossbeam with column cross and the distance of spaced setting;
The first crossbeam is symmetrical arranged 2 first diagonal braces and is connected with column;The second cross beam sets 2 second diagonal braces with standing Column connects;
The spacing of a plurality of single rack arrangement each single rack in a row and in row is equal;
The drawstring includes first layer drawstring, second layer drawstring, third layer drawstring and the 4th layer of drawstring;
The midpoint of 2 first diagonal braces of adjacent single rack connects and composes first layer drawstring by drawstring in a line;
The midpoint of the second diagonal brace of adjacent single rack connects and composes third layer drawstring by drawstring in a line;
The both ends of the first crossbeam of adjacent single rack connect and compose second layer drawstring by drawstring in a line;
The both ends of the second cross beam of adjacent single rack connect and compose the 4th layer of drawstring by drawstring in a line;
It is characterized in that, the pomegranate cultural method, comprises the following steps:
(1) a plurality of single rack are set to a line by south-north direction, and in row adjacent single rack spacing it is equal;In adjacent single rack Interval region in field planting pomegranate, after pomegranate is colonized, 70~80cm at calmly do, after rudiment, the rudiment of below trunk 50cm And root turion is erased in time, when young sprout grows to 40cm or so, upright a bamboo pole or waddy are inserted beside trunk, selects one directly The vertical upward, young sprout of robust growth is done as center, and being strapped on bamboo pole grows up it, remaining young sprout is as first layer master Branch culture;
During winter pruning, the branch of the culture cutting back at 50~70cm is done as center;As the branch of major branch culture, 4 are selected and remain The good healthy and strong branch in~6 orientation is as first layer major branch, the cutting back at 50~60cm, and is uniformly strapped in the of trunk both sides On one layer of drawstring, V-shaped distribution;Remaining branch and sprout tillers all remove on trunk;
After spring rudiment in (2) the 2nd years, upper end is done at center select and remain upright, robust growth a young sprout and done as center Extending head culture, remaining young sprout of upper end are erased, the pinching when extending head grows to 50~60cm, are promoted its diameter increment and are sprouted side Branch;Spring reaches in the young sprout that each major branch top of first layer selects an orientation good as major branch extending head culture, new-tip length Pinching during 40~50cm;The branch of excessive growth on major branch removes or cutting back is trained auxiliary support branch;
During winter pruning, the side shoot on major branch is uniformly strapped on second layer drawstring, V-shaped distribution;Remove overstocked branch, thin and delicate Branch, sick branch, the branch of excessive growth and root turion;The healthy and strong branch good away from 4~6 orientation are selected and remain at 150~170cm of ground is done at center As second layer major branch, the cutting back at 50~60cm, and being uniformly strapped on third layer drawstring, remaining branch includes that center is dry to prolong Long head is cut off;
After spring rudiment in (3) the 3rd years, the good young sprout in an orientation is selected as major branch extending head on each major branch top of the second layer and is trained Support, pinching when new-tip length reaches 40~50cm, promote its diameter increment and sprout side shoot;The young sprout sprouted on first layer major branch, There is keeping for space to be trained fruitful branch, the thin of no space is gone;
During winter pruning, the side shoot on second layer major branch is uniformly strapped on the 4th layer of drawstring, V-shaped distribution;Remove thin and delicate branch, Dense branches, deadwood and useless branch, draw branch or cutting back, leafage branch goes weak stay by force to the branch of excessive growth of vacancy;Golden mean of the Confucian school branch density stays dilute;
Under good fertilizer and water management, through pruning in 3 years, you can form the double V-arrangements of single-trunk, later annual trimming using sparse branching as It is main, the branch of excessive growth, overstocked branch, sick branch are removed, bounce back descending branch, wipes out root turion.
2. pomegranate cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step (1), the side on major branch and major branch Branch, by growth orientation be uniformly strapped in the first layer drawstring for being symmetricly set on trunk both sides, second layer drawstring, third layer drawstring and On 4th layer of drawstring, V-shaped growth tendency after major branch and young sprout bondage.
3. pomegranate cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step (1), pomegranate is planted in trapezoidal ridge On face, the upper 1.4~1.6m of bottom width in trapezoidal ridge face, 1.8~2.0m of lower bottom width, the high 30~40cm in ridge, is operation between ridge and ridge Road and draining ditch;And ground cloth is laid with trapezoidal ridge face.
4. pomegranate cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The plantation density of pomegranate, plant in step (1) Away from for 2.0m × 4.0m.
5. pomegranate cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Simple rain-shelter or steelframe are taken on pomegranate treetop Greenhouse, rain-shelter south-north direction, the column of the column and pomegranate frame of rain-shelter share, and rain-shelter is same wide with the 3rd crossbeam, on canopy Plastic covering film, rainwater are flowed into draining ditch and gutter along plastic film, cut through the propagation that rainwater propagates disease Approach.
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