CN105746290A - Inverted-umbrella-shaped cultivation technology for peach trees - Google Patents
Inverted-umbrella-shaped cultivation technology for peach trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN105746290A CN105746290A CN201610271559.7A CN201610271559A CN105746290A CN 105746290 A CN105746290 A CN 105746290A CN 201610271559 A CN201610271559 A CN 201610271559A CN 105746290 A CN105746290 A CN 105746290A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses an inverted-umbrella-shaped cultivation technology for peach trees.The technology comprises the steps of defining the plantation density; conducting shaping and trimming in a quantitive mode, wherein the central trunk of a tree is robust, erect, free of principal branches or lateral branches, two adjusting branch sets grow out of the basal part of the central trunk, small bearing branch sets directly grow out of the remaining parts of the central truck, the small bearing branch sets are distributed at an interval of 10-15 cm and uniformly arranged upward in the helical form, the tree height is 2.5-3 m, the crown diameter is 1.5-2 m, the trunk height is 50-70 cm, the growing points of the two adjusting branch sets are vertically staggered with the spacing being 10-15 cm and are distributed at the angle of 180 degrees, the included angle between the growing points of the two adjusting branch sets and the line direction of a plantation line is 30 degrees, meanwhile the included angle between the growing points of the two adjusting branch sets and the central trunk is 40 degrees, attention is paid to control the thickness of branches on the central trunk so that the thickness cannot exceed 1/3 or above of the thickness of the central trunk, and thinning is conducted when necessary.By means of the inverted-umbrella-shaped cultivation technology for the peach trees, early fruiting and a high and stable yield are promoted, the full productive age of the peach trees is prolonged, the commodity rate and high quality fruit rate of fruits are raised, meanwhile, work efficiency is improved, and labor intensity is lowered.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to pomology, fruit tree field of ecology, relate in particular to a kind of peach tree " individual " shape cultivation technique.
Background technology:
The tree-like basis being peach tree and cultivating, in Fructus Persicae production process, need to carry out rational pruning to peach tree, so that tree body forms High-yield Structure.Traditional natural open centre shape is tree-like to be progressively eliminated, just in the peach tree trunk shape cultivation technique of popularization and application, on the south Huaihe River, the region peach tree growing way of warm and moist is prosperous, plus apical dominance, general orchard worker is difficult to control tree management, is finally easily caused trunk shape and becomes umbrella shape, namely strong up and weak down, impact tree body global illumination, the lower half baldness being easily caused tree body is withered.Therefore, applicant, through repetition test, finally proposes a kind of peach tree tree-like cultivation technique of " individual " shape, make branch more rationally distributed in space, to reach premature labor, high yield, stable yields, and prevent tree body lower half baldness withered or the purpose of senilism, and applicable mechanized farming.This technology is simple, and orchard worker easily grasps, and is the comparatively ideal Fructus Persicae cultivation technique of a kind of laborsaving light simplification.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is directed to the cultivating and growing demand of Fructus Persicae, it is proposed to a kind of peach tree tree-like cultivation technique of " individual " shape.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of peach tree tree-like cultivation technique of " individual " shape, sequentially includes the following steps: successively
(1) plantation density
Seeding row spacing is 1.5m～2.0m × 3.5m～4.5m, and north and south row is to being advisable
(2) shaping
" individual " shape of falling is tree-like, and central authorities are dry upright by force, dereliction, side shoot, except base portion on central authorities are dry except raw two medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters, all the other whole direct mitogenetic small-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters, are uniformly distributed 1 small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster every 10cm～15cm, uniformly upwards arrange in the shape of a spiral；Whole strain tree raw 20～30 small-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters, height of tree 2.5m～3m, crown diameter 1.5m～2m, trunk height 50cm～70cm；Butt portion of central authorities misplaces and give birth to 2 medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters, and attachment region misplaces up and down, spacing 10cm～15cm, in 180 ° of distributions, is 30 degree with the row of peach tree field planting row to angle, while with central authorities dry angle 40 degree
2 medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters are called for short adjustment branch group；When central dry apical growth gesture is strong, suitably slow caving end branch top, allow its many results, 2 medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters of heavy pruning base portion simultaneously, and allow its angle dry with central authorities diminish, and few node fruit, short its is nourished and grown, the nutrient of tree body Root Absorption can be distributed in these 2 medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters, weakens the growth on top；When central dry apical growth gesture is weak, the branch on the dry top of suitable cutting back central authorities, promote it to nourish and grow, allow it bear fruit less as far as possible, with entering to delay the branch put, dredge, draw or turn round on two medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters, forcing branch laterally or tiltedly lower life, limiting it nourishes and grows, allow it bear fruit more, promote tree body apical growth to recover；Namely 2 the medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters utilizing base portion can regulate central dry apical growth gesture, regulates branch group so being called for short
(3) prune
Including Summerly pruning and dormant pruning, based on Summerly pruning, dormant pruning is auxiliary
1. field planting then and Second Year prune
Summerly pruning: the finished product Seedling of spring (or before winter upper one year) field planting then or semi-finished product Seedling, when reinforcement early stage rich water quality management, it is dry that emphasis cultivates central authorities, central authorities must be allowed to do and grow vertically upward, and single shaft prolongs Shen；At early and middle ten days in May, start to select top stalwartness young sprout to be strapped in braces, below 50cm raw branch all remove, 50cm～70cm selects at position appropriate location to cultivate 2 and regulates branch group, the dry every upwards 10cm～15cm in centre, all the other Yanzhongs selects and remain 1 young sprout, and upwards arrange in the shape of a spiral, the every 20～30cm pinching of all young sprouts once, forms small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Pinching is done by general tree central authorities, if but when finding that central authorities are dry and grow up more than 30cm without branch, to its pinching, branch need to be inspired；After general pinching, at least can send out 2 or 2 with upper branch, after growth 25d, the young sprout again again selecting top healthy and strong is strapped in braces, continues as the dry extending head grown up of central authorities, uniaxial extension, alternative stays a Tipping, forming a small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, all the other young sprouts remove, to guarantee that necessarily there are a small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster in central authorities every 10cm～15cm on dry；Additionally to pay special attention to, if having raw when branch thick exceedes central dry crude degree more than 1/3 on central authorities are dry, answer its growth of priority control, removing if desired
Winter pruning: adopt Long pruning technology；Remove, slow putting is main, removes overstocked branch, sick and weak branch, Qiang Wangzhi；To the dry height of central authorities not up to the dry extending head of the central authorities of ideal height, carry out cutting back at full bud place, it is ensured that central dry uniaxial extension
2. the pruning in the best fruiting period
Summerly pruning: field planting reaches the best fruiting period on the 3rd year, this phase, keeps tree vigo(u)r balance, cultivates various types of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, press down under urging, the newborn branch of excessive growth is removed in time or turns round tip control；Fruit picking is pruned after one week in time, and employing is pruned off, contracted and cut and grow the method put, and does not substantially carry out cutting back, prunes a time sterilizing insecticide of Hou Quan garden spray；Every strain tree is selected and remain 20～30 small-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters
Winter pruning: this phase prunes very simple；Adopt Long pruning technology, remove vertical branch, overstocked branch, intersect branch, overlapping branch and excessively weak descending branch, the branch of excessive growth is removed or have locus take draw branch to process；Main is also maintain tree vigo(u)r balance；Small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster to be constantly updated；The strong tree of growth potential should light pruning, allow its many results as far as possible；Central authorities are dry, the branch of excessive growth answers convergent-divergent to combine, notes controlling strong up and weak down, if top growing way is strong, tries one's best to delay and put or remove, and allows its many results；If top growing way is weak, can suitably weigh cutting back, promote to nourish and grow, allow its few result, and make full use of base portion 2 and regulate branch group and be balanced
3. the pruning of period of decline
Based on rejuvenating, utilizing the long shoot that moves being available for updating, leafage branch fills a vacancy as far as possible；Summerly pruning makes full use of shoot and updates；This phase can bounce back 2 and regulate a group so that it is form 2 little fruit-bearing shoot clusters, coordinates the branch on the dry top of cutting back central authorities simultaneously, increases tree body growing way, slow down aging
The cultivation management technologies such as rich water, flower and fruit management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control are basically identical with other tree-like management of Fructus Persicae.
Beneficial effects of the present invention is embodied in:
The cultivation technique that the present invention adopts is big due to the line-spacing of field planting, ventilation and penetrating light, pest and disease damage reduces, fruit commodity rate and high quality fruit rate are also greatly improved, promote peach tree premature labor high and stable yield, and extend the age of tree of peach full fruit period, the farm work applicable mechanized operation of major part, also work efficiency it is greatly improved while reducing labour force's recruitment in peach garden, and when pruning with other farm works in whole orchard, orchard worker all bends or stoop labor, and labor intensity also considerably reduces.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is peach tree structural representation after the invention process
Wherein: 1 is peach tree center rod, and its height of tree degree is 2.5～3m；2 for regulating the height on branch group distance ground, and its numerical value is 50～70cm；3 for regulate branch group and peach tree central authorities dry between angle, numerical value is 40 °；4 for regulating the distance between branch group, and numerical value is 0.1～0.15m.
Fig. 2 is peach tree full line arrangement architecture schematic diagram after the invention process
Wherein: 5 is the angle regulated between branch group and arrangement horizontal line of peach tree, and numerical value is 30 °.
Detailed description of the invention:
By embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1
A kind of peach tree of the present invention is " individual " shape cultivation technique:
Resident time: soil improvement is good, after digging field planting ditch ridging, in red, two Peach cultivars of spring snow of field planting gardenful on March 6 after in spring, soil thaws, Fructus Persicae Seedling selects superfine Seedling.Plantation density is seeding row spacing is 2m × 4m, north and south row to
First Year shaping: surely do at full bud place after seedling planting, heading height 60 centimetres, make supporter at the other upright bamboo stem that inserts of Seedling.Started May 10 to select top stalwartness young sprout to be strapped on bamboo stem, below 50cm raw branch all remove, 50cm～70cm selects at position appropriate location to select about 2 young sprouts misplaced, spacing 10cm～15cm, it is trained 2 and regulates branch group, in 180 ° of distributions, it is 30 degree with the row of peach tree field planting row to angle, simultaneously with central authorities dry angle 40 degree
Angle does not reach the timely colligation correction of requirement, adopts bamboo stem support branch or carries out drawing branch with vinyl chloride rope, and the angle regulating Zhi Zuyu center dry is 40 degree；Then do every 25d to field examination central authorities, every 10cm～15cm uniformly mitogenetic 1 branch, and upwards arrange in the shape of a spiral.If many, just erasing in time, and the good central authorities of bondage are dry, compel it and perpendicular all the time grow up, if finding central dry when growing up more than 30cm without branch, to its pinching, branch need to be inspired；After general pinching, at least can send out 2 or 2 with upper branch, after growth 25d, the young sprout again again selecting its top healthy and strong is strapped on bamboo stem, continuing the elongated shoot upwards uniaxial extension dry as central authorities, alternative stays a Tipping, forms a small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, all the other young sprouts remove, to guarantee that necessarily there are a small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster in central authorities every 10cm～15cm on dry.Additionally to pay special attention to, if raw when on central authorities are dry, branch has rugosity to exceed central dry crude degree more than 1/3, answer its growth of priority control, remove if desired
After falling leaves to winter, main employing removes, slow putting is main, removes strong prosperous branch, overstocked branch, sick and weak branch.Central authorities are dry reaches 2m highly, selects the full substantial place of top sprout to carry out cutting back
Second Year shaping: continuity First Year, it is dry that emphasis cultivates central authorities, from the work that May 10 started to repeat First Year, till directly causing that central authorities are dry and reaching desirable 2.5m height.Deng central authorities dry reach ideal height after, start to allow its top branch length put, also do not need bondage again.Second Year to be paid special attention to, if finding raw when branch has rugosity to exceed central dry crude degree more than 1/3 on central authorities are dry, answering its growth of priority control, removing if desired
Within 3rd year, having been enter into the best fruiting period, until period of decline after this phase, prune the simplest during this, select and remain 1-2 fruitful branch around the dry every in the shape of a spiral upwards 10cm～15cm of central authorities, many just removes, all the other delay put motionless.Mainly keep tree vigo(u)r balance during this, cultivate various types of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, press down under urging, the newborn branch of excessive growth is removed in time or turns round tip control；Fruit picking is pruned after one week in time, and employing is pruned off, contracted and cut and grow the method put, and does not substantially carry out cutting back, prunes a time sterilizing insecticide of Hou Quan garden spray；Every strain tree is selected and remain 20～25 small-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters
Winter pruning is also very simple.Remove vertical branch, overstocked branch, intersect branch, overlapping branch and excessively weak descending branch, the branch of excessive growth is removed or have locus take draw branch to process.Main is also maintain tree vigo(u)r balance；Small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster to be constantly updated.The strong tree of growth potential should light pruning, allow its many results as far as possible.Central authorities are dry, the branch of excessive growth answers convergent-divergent to combine, notes controlling strong up and weak down, if top growing way is strong, tries one's best to delay and put or remove, and allows its many results；If top growing way is weak, can suitably weigh cutting back, promote to nourish and grow, allow its few result, and make full use of 2 and regulate branch groups and be balanced
Present Peach cultivars updating decision, some entrance period of decline, more renew rapidly quality product kind, because peach tree avoids continuous cropping, full garden is cut down and is removed, and cultivates other crops 2 years, then the Seedling of field planting Fructus Persicae again.
Field test results synopsis
Remarks: natural open centre shape just reaches the best fruiting period on the 5th year, and adopts trunk shape and " individual " shape of falling just to reach the best fruiting period on the 4th year.Cost of labor daily management 80 yuan/people every day, produce that 150/ day busy season, trunk shape and " individual " shape of falling apply fertilizers, spraying insecticide etc. partly adopts semi-mechanized operation.
Above-described embodiment is only the preferably embodiment of the present invention, and in addition, the present invention can also have other implementations.It should be noted that under the premise without departing from present inventive concept, any conspicuously improved and modification all should fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the peach tree tree-like cultivation technique of " individual " shape, it is characterised in that: sequentially include the following steps: successively
(1) plantation density
Seeding row spacing is 1.5m～2.0m × 3.5m～4.5m, and north and south row is to being advisable
(2) shaping
" individual " shape of falling is tree-like, and central authorities are dry upright by force, dereliction, side shoot, except base portion on central authorities are dry except raw two medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters, all the other whole direct mitogenetic small-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters, are uniformly distributed 1 small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster every 10cm～15cm, uniformly upwards arrange in the shape of a spiral；Whole strain tree raw 20～30 small-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters, height of tree 2.5m～3m, crown diameter 1.5m～2m, trunk height 50cm～70cm；Butt portion of central authorities misplaces and give birth to 2 medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters, and attachment region misplaces up and down, spacing 10cm～15cm, in 180 ° of distributions, is 30 degree with the row of peach tree field planting row to angle, while with central authorities dry angle 40 degree
2 medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters are called for short adjustment branch group；When central dry apical growth gesture is strong, suitably slow caving end branch top, allow its many results, 2 medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters of heavy pruning base portion simultaneously, and allow its angle dry with central authorities diminish, and few node fruit, short its is nourished and grown, the nutrient of tree body Root Absorption can be distributed in these 2 medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters, weakens the growth on top；When central dry apical growth gesture is weak, the branch on the dry top of suitable cutting back central authorities, promote it to nourish and grow, allow it bear fruit less as far as possible, with entering to delay the branch put, dredge, draw or turn round on two medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters, forcing branch laterally or tiltedly lower life, limiting it nourishes and grows, allow it bear fruit more, promote tree body apical growth to recover；Namely 2 the medium-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters utilizing base portion can regulate central dry apical growth gesture, regulates branch group so being called for short
(3) prune
Including Summerly pruning and dormant pruning, based on Summerly pruning, dormant pruning is auxiliary
1. field planting then and Second Year prune
Summerly pruning: the finished product Seedling of spring (or before winter upper one year) field planting then or semi-finished product Seedling, when reinforcement early stage rich water quality management, it is dry that emphasis cultivates central authorities, central authorities must be allowed to do and grow vertically upward, and single shaft prolongs Shen；At early and middle ten days in May, start to select top stalwartness young sprout to be strapped in braces, below 50cm raw branch all remove, 50cm～70cm selects at position appropriate location to cultivate 2 and regulates branch group, the dry every upwards 10cm～15cm in centre, all the other Yanzhongs selects and remain 1 young sprout, and upwards arrange in the shape of a spiral, the every 20～30cm pinching of all young sprouts once, forms small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Pinching is done by general tree central authorities, if but when finding that central authorities are dry and grow up more than 30cm without branch, to its pinching, branch need to be inspired；After general pinching, at least can send out 2 or 2 with upper branch, after growth 25d, the young sprout again again selecting top healthy and strong is strapped in braces, continues as the dry extending head grown up of central authorities, uniaxial extension, alternative stays a Tipping, forming a small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, all the other young sprouts remove, to guarantee that necessarily there are a small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster in central authorities every 10cm～15cm on dry；Additionally to pay special attention to, if having raw when branch thick exceedes central dry crude degree more than 1/3 on central authorities are dry, answer its growth of priority control, removing if desired
Winter pruning: adopt Long pruning technology；Remove, slow putting is main, removes overstocked branch, sick and weak branch, Qiang Wangzhi；To the dry height of central authorities not up to the dry extending head of the central authorities of ideal height, carry out cutting back at full bud place, it is ensured that central dry uniaxial extension
2. the pruning in the best fruiting period
Summerly pruning: field planting reaches the best fruiting period on the 3rd year, this phase, keeps tree vigo(u)r balance, cultivates various types of fruit-bearing shoot cluster, press down under urging, the newborn branch of excessive growth is removed in time or turns round tip control；Fruit picking is pruned after one week in time, and employing is pruned off, contracted and cut and grow the method put, and does not substantially carry out cutting back, prunes a time sterilizing insecticide of Hou Quan garden spray；Every strain tree is selected and remain 20～30 small-sized fruit-bearing shoot clusters
Winter pruning: this phase prunes very simple；Adopt Long pruning technology, remove vertical branch, overstocked branch, intersect branch, overlapping branch and excessively weak descending branch, the branch of excessive growth is removed or have locus take draw branch to process；Main is also maintain tree vigo(u)r balance；Small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster to be constantly updated；The strong tree of growth potential should light pruning, allow its many results as far as possible；Central authorities are dry, the branch of excessive growth answers convergent-divergent to combine, notes controlling strong up and weak down, if top growing way is strong, tries one's best to delay and put or remove, and allows its many results；If top growing way is weak, can suitably weigh cutting back, promote to nourish and grow, allow its few result, and make full use of base portion 2 and regulate branch group and be balanced
3. the pruning of period of decline
Based on rejuvenating, utilizing the long shoot that moves being available for updating, leafage branch fills a vacancy as far as possible；Summerly pruning makes full use of shoot and updates；This phase can bounce back 2 and regulate a group so that it is form 2 little fruit-bearing shoot clusters, coordinates the branch on the dry top of cutting back central authorities simultaneously, increases tree body growing way, slow down aging
The cultivation management technologies such as rich water, flower and fruit management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control are basically identical with other tree-like management of Fructus Persicae.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN107548844A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-01-09 | 淮南市祝利生态园林有限公司 | A kind of peach trimming and the method for flower and fruit thinning |
| CN107873426A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-04-06 | 河南省林业科学研究院 | A kind of Labor-saving elder shaping and trimming method |
| CN107996249A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-08 | 阜阳市鸿业生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of administrative skill after peach fruit harvesting |
| CN109618799A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-04-16 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of pruning method that four major branch of plane is tree-like and its application in cultivation |
| CN109804850A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-05-28 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | A kind of method of American elm trunk pruning |
| CN111543243A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-08-18 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Ectopic two-main-branch Y-shaped cultivation method for improving quality of green plums |
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| CN107996249A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-08 | 阜阳市鸿业生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of administrative skill after peach fruit harvesting |
| CN107873426A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-04-06 | 河南省林业科学研究院 | A kind of Labor-saving elder shaping and trimming method |
| CN109618799A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-04-16 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of pruning method that four major branch of plane is tree-like and its application in cultivation |
| CN109804850A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-05-28 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | A kind of method of American elm trunk pruning |
| CN109804850B (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2021-02-09 | 河北省林业科学研究院 | Shaping and trimming method for ulmus pumila trunks |
| CN111543243A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-08-18 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Ectopic two-main-branch Y-shaped cultivation method for improving quality of green plums |
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