CN105981544B - Method for fruiting apocarya young tree by axillary bud formation - Google Patents
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009025 Carya illinoensis Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 15
- 241001453450 Carya illinoinensis Species 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000758789 Juglans Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Coenzym Q10 Natural products COC1=C(OC)C(=O)C(CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)=C(C)C1=O ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for fruiting and flowering axillary buds of carya illinoensis saplings, which belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation and comprises the steps of selecting healthy and strong seedlings for field planting, managing the current year and the second year of field planting, regulating and controlling the tree vigor of the saplings and fruiting the axillary buds of the saplings. The technology of the invention utilizes paclobutrazol to control the vegetative growth of trees and promote the reproductive growth, and the matching bud carving measures are used to promote the axillary buds to blossom and bear fruits, thereby solving the problems of less early bearing and low yield caused by the fact that the carya illinoensis saplings only bear fruits by the terminal buds and 1-3 buds below the terminal buds, and promoting the carya illinoensis saplings to bear fruits in advance, and the bearing time is 1-2 years ahead of time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a technique for axillary bud flowering of a carya illinoensis sapling.
Background
Carya illinoensis K.Koch, Changshan walnut and American Carya illinoensis are deciduous trees of Carya genus of Juglandaceae family. The nutlet is rich in nutrition and high in health care value, and researches show that the long-term eating of the peclet can obviously improve the content of gamma tocopherol in blood, and has the effects of preventing aging, strengthening intestines and stomach and preventing prostate cancer. Walnut kernel is also rich in trace elements necessary for human body, such as phosphorus, zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper, selenium, and the like, and nutrients, such as vitamins E, B and 32 and coenzyme Q10, and is called super food in the 21 st century and astronauts food.
In China, the carya illinoensis is introduced at the beginning of the 20 th century at the end of the 19 th century, seeds or seedlings are mainly used and planted in schools, churches and private residences on the ports of general merchants, and the planting benefit is seriously influenced because the fruiting of the seedling trees begins in 10-12 years. In recent 10 years, under the efforts of scientific researchers, the grafting technology is broken through, the fruit starting time is shortened to 4-5 years, and the planting scale of suitable growing areas such as Yunnan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui in China is increased sharply. The carya illinoensis has the habit of fruiting terminal buds and 1-3 axillary buds below the terminal buds, the fruiting mother branches are more than medium and short branches, the growth potential of the young trees is strong, most of the formed branches are long branches, the current situations of less flower buds, low fruit setting rate and low yield of the young trees are caused, and the development of the industry is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior cultivation technology and provide a method for promoting the young trees to fruit early.
The inventor of the invention discovers in research that by adopting the technology, the planting of the carya illinoensis saplings starts from 3 years, 1-2 years ahead of the conventional planting is realized, and the early yield is ensured.
Accordingly, in order to achieve the above objects, the present invention provides a pecan sapling axillary bud fruiting technique, comprising: nursery stock planting, sapling management, tree vigor regulation and control, and axillary bud flowering.
Preferably, the conditions for seedling planting comprise: the selected nursery stock is a fine variety which is identified or approved by the national or provincial governing department; the specification of the nursery stock is that the main root is more than 35cm, the number of the first-stage lateral roots is more than 40, the main root is not curled and wound, the height of the plant is more than 1m, and the ground diameter is more than 1.2 cm.
Preferably, the management of the saplings comprises that after planting, 80cm of nursery stocks are fixed to be dry, the water management is mainly used for planting in the current year, the soil is kept in a wet state all the time, the new shoots with the growth amount reaching 60cm are subjected to pinching in 8 months, and 3-5 lateral branches are formed at the end of the growing season; applying 30 jin of decomposed organic fertilizer to each tree at the bottom of 2 months in the next year, and applying 0.5 jin of compound fertilizer to each tree in 4 months and 9 months respectively; the side branches reach 40cm pinching.
Preferably, the regulation and control of the tree vigor of the saplings comprises the steps of applying 10mg of paclobutrazol to the trunk cross-sectional area (measured at a position 30cm away from the ground) of each square centimeter in 7 months of the second year of field planting, and adding 30 jin of water to each tree after dissolution to irrigate roots.
Preferably, the axillary bud flowering of the saplings comprises the steps of bud carving in the third year after planting, selecting side branch full buds with the thickness of more than 1cm and carving wounds: before germination, a small hacksaw blade is used for cutting at the position of promoting the growth of the short branch and 3mm above the bud, the cortex is damaged, the small hacksaw blade does not go deep into the xylem, more than 90 percent of carved buds can form the medium short branch, and the medium short branch blossoms and fruits in the same year.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting the method, the axillary buds of the apocarya young trees can be fruited by flower formation, and the problem of few bearing branches caused by the fruiting of the apocarya with the terminal buds and 1-3 buds below the terminal buds is solved.
2. By adopting the method, the carya illinoensis can bear fruits in the 3 rd year of field planting, and the fruit bearing is 1-2 years earlier than that in the current 4-5 years.
3. By adopting the method, the average fruit bearing of the carya illinoensis per plant in the 3 rd year of field planting is 152, the yield per mu is 38.4 jin, and the early yield is improved.
The method can be widely used for the high-yield cultivation of the early-bearing carya illinoensis.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
The modern agricultural development ecological garden is specifically implemented in Sihong county Hui.
1. Planting the nursery stock: in 3 months in 2010, 5 mu of carya illinoensis is fixedly planted, the plant spacing is 4m, and the row spacing is 10m, and the total number of the carya illinoensis is 80. The variety is Wiston, the height of the nursery stock is about 1.2m, the ground diameter is more than 1.2cm, the main root is 35-40 cm, no curling and winding are generated, and the number of the primary side roots is 45-55; after the planting, drying the seedlings by 80cm, and cutting the openings to coat vaseline.
2. Managing fertilizer and water after planting: watering for 1 time every week in the first 2 months after planting; watering for 1 time every two weeks according to weather conditions, and keeping soil humidity to facilitate seedling growth. Pinching the growth amount of the young shoots reaching 60cm in 8 months to promote the coarse growth and nutrient accumulation of the young shoots; after the seedlings stop growing in 11 months, the average number of lateral branches is 4.6 and the average thickness is 0.84 cm. In 2 months in 2011, applying organic fertilizer within 1 square meter of a tree tray, wherein each plant is 30 jin, and water is irrigated when the bud sprouts in 3 months; the fast growth period of the branches and leaves is 4-5 months, and 0.5 jin of compound fertilizer is applied to each plant to promote the growth of the branches and leaves in 4 months; pinching branches with young shoots growing to 40cm within 7-8 months to promote the nutrition accumulation of the young shoots and the formation of flower buds; after 9 months, 0.5 jin of compound fertilizer is applied to each plant again to promote the second growth peak of the tree body.
3. And (3) tree vigor regulation: in 7 months in 2011, the amount of 10mg of paclobutrazol per square centimeter (the cross sectional area of the trunk at the position where the ground diameter of the sapling is measured) is dissolved, then the roots are irrigated with water, the vegetative growth of the new shoots in the second year is controlled, and the axillary bud flower bud differentiation is promoted.
4. Bud carving and flower forming: in 3 months of 2012, full buds on lateral branches with the thickness of more than 1cm are selected to be cut and damaged, small steel saw blades are used for cutting openings 3mm above the buds to damage cortex and not go deep into xylem, and the result shows that 92% of the cut buds can form medium and short branches, the average germination rate is 95.8%, the average fruit setting rate is 76.4%, the average fruit hanging per plant is 152, and the yield per mu is 38.4 jin.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for fruiting apocarya juveniles by axillary bud flowering is characterized by comprising the following steps: planting strong stock of fine variety, managing the planting in the current year and the second year, regulating the tree vigor of the saplings and forming flowers by axillary buds of the saplings;
the condition of the healthy and good-quality nursery stock is that the planted nursery stock is healthy and strong and reaches a certain specification; the improved variety means that the selected variety is identified or approved by national or provincial governing departments; the conditions for strengthening the seedlings comprise that the main roots of the seedlings are more than 35cm, the number of the primary lateral roots is more than 40, the main roots are not curled and wound, the plant height is more than 1m, and the ground diameter is more than 1.2 cm;
the management of the current year and the second year of the field planting comprises that 80cm of nursery stocks are subjected to trunk fixation after the field planting, the water management is mainly used in the current year of the field planting, the soil is kept in a wet state all the time, the core picking is carried out on new shoots with the growth amount reaching 60cm in 8 months, and 3-5 lateral branches are formed at the end of the growing season; applying 30 jin of decomposed organic fertilizer to each tree at the bottom of 2 months in the next year, and applying 0.5 jin of compound fertilizer to each tree in 4 months and 9 months respectively; pinching the lateral branches to 40 cm;
the step of fixing the trunk is to subtract a part of the front end of the nursery stock after field planting, and specifically comprises the steps of fixing the trunk immediately after field planting, and smearing Vaseline on a wound to prevent water evaporation; one full bud is required to be used as a terminal bud and is positioned on the windward side, the distance between a cut and the first bud below the cut is about 0.5cm, and more than 5 full buds are ensured to be positioned below the cut; the pinching comprises the steps that when the young shoots grow to 60cm in the year, the top ends of the young shoots and the following 3 leaves are removed to promote the lower axillary buds to flower;
the regulation and control of the tree vigor of the saplings comprises the steps of applying 10mg of paclobutrazol to the trunk cross-sectional area of each square centimeter in 7 months of the field planting in the second year, adding 30 jin of water to each plant after dissolving, and irrigating roots; the cross-sectional area is measured at 30cm from the ground;
the axillary bud flowering of the saplings comprises the steps of bud carving in the third year after planting, and selecting side branch plump buds with the thickness of more than 1cm for carving: before germination, a small hacksaw blade is used for cutting at the position of promoting the growth of the short branch and 3mm above the bud, the cortex is damaged, the small hacksaw blade does not go deep into the xylem, more than 90 percent of carved buds can form the medium short branch, and the medium short branch blossoms and fruits in the same year.
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107926459A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-04-20 | 贵州黎美农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of dual-purpose efficient growing and cultivation method of green fruit fruit material |
| CN108476845B (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2019-12-24 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Directional cultivation method for carya illinoensis crown |
| CN108605639A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-10-02 | 苏州蓝碧农产品发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of walnut |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1806511A (en) * | 2006-02-11 | 2006-07-26 | 山西申纪兰贸易有限公司 | Dwarf fruit tree trunk shape, its forming method and high-density orchard construction method |
| CN102017883A (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2011-04-20 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Early-bearing high-yield shaping method for carya illinoensis |
| CN102283063A (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2011-12-21 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method for facilitating early fruiting of young pear tree |
| CN103975785A (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-08-13 | 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 | Method for improving apocarya output through applying PBO and multi-effect triazole together |
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Patent Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1806511A (en) * | 2006-02-11 | 2006-07-26 | 山西申纪兰贸易有限公司 | Dwarf fruit tree trunk shape, its forming method and high-density orchard construction method |
| CN102017883A (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2011-04-20 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Early-bearing high-yield shaping method for carya illinoensis |
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Application publication date: 20161005 Assignee: Guonong ecological Agroforestry (Jiangsu) Co.,Ltd. Assignor: JIANGSU ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980051916 Denomination of invention: A method for forming flowers and bearing fruit from axillary buds of young walnut trees with thin shells Granted publication date: 20200804 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20231213 |
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