CN106258771B - Method for shaping peach tree shape with high light efficiency - Google Patents
Method for shaping peach tree shape with high light efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- CN106258771B CN106258771B CN201610887300.5A CN201610887300A CN106258771B CN 106258771 B CN106258771 B CN 106258771B CN 201610887300 A CN201610887300 A CN 201610887300A CN 106258771 B CN106258771 B CN 106258771B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 240000006413 Prunus persica var. persica Species 0.000 title abstract 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002073 mitogenetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002746 orthostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009599 head growth Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 abstract 4
- 230000000442 meristematic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000005809 Prunus persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
A method for shaping a peach tree in a high-light-efficiency tree shape with a proper planting density of 3-4 x 4-5 m comprises the following steps: (1) shaping in the first year: immediately fixing the trunk after field planting, wherein the trunk height is 30-50 cm, selecting and reserving 4 strong new shoots upwards from the base of the main trunk as bone trunk branches, reserving medium and short cut of full buds of the bone trunk branches during winter pruning, and adjusting the extension direction of the bone trunk branches by selecting and reserving the cut bud directions; (2) shaping in the second year: in the second year, the advantages of the main branches and the extended branches are kept for a long time, competitive branches are controlled, and full buds and medium buds of bone trunk branches are cut off in winter; (3) shaping in the third year: in the third growing season, the competitive branches are controlled in a key mode, and the meristematic angle of the main branch is kept at 18 +/-2.5 degrees. The tree body obtained by the method has simple structure, quick forming and early fruiting; high crown and few branch levels; the tree crown has stable structure, good ventilation and light transmission, high yield and good fruit quality; the load capacity is large, and the supporting of a pillar is not needed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of fruit shape forming, and in particular to a kind of peach high photosynthetic efficiency tree-like four is come out boldly forming
Method.
Background technique
Peach is intolerant tree species, and sapling up-growth amount is big, and forming is fast.To adapt to peach characteristic, three major branches are mainly used in production
Natural open centre shape.This is tree-like to be commonly equipped with three major branches, 30~40 degree of spreading angle, is equipped with 2~3 side shoots on each major branch,
60~80 degree of spreading angle.The tree-like skeleton branch number and branch level are more, adapt to the big feature of sapling up-growth amount, but in shaping
Need to adjust skeleton branch extending direction, angle and skeleton branch end of the branch spacing, forming technique is complicated;The tree-like skeleton branch angle is opened
, the portion's illumination of skeleton branch back is good, but angle heavy load ability is poor, and as a result rear skeleton branch spreading angle is bigger, and Branches of Different Orders is equal
Need pillar to support, tree crown is short, lower part illumination difference, and is unfavorable for being preced with lower management operation, easily formation Planarization results, yield compared with
It is low.The happy shape of two major branches applied in recent years, reduces skeleton branch number, has standardized skeleton branch extending direction, forming technique letter
Change, facilitate operation in the ranks, but that there are still skeleton branch spreading angles is big (45~50 degree), pillar or built support, treelet is needed to repair
The problems such as amount of cutting is big.In order to overcome the problems referred above, we reach 3 according to Growing season solar elevation, azimuth, guarantee tree crown lower part
Direct light more than a hour shines, and considers that peach sapling up-growth is prosperous, stays the factors such as end of the branch slow growth force more, devises four
Major branch low-angle shape of coming out boldly is tree-like, by practicing in Hebei province Shunping County, Shenzhou City, Xinji City's test garden pruning, establishes
Four come out boldly tree-like structural parameters and pruning technique.The tree-like tree management is simple, and skeleton branch branch level is low, trimming
To measure small, forming technique simplifies, and forming is fast, and tree crown is in cone after forming, and skeleton branch is more upright, is not required to pillar, and load capacity is strong,
The light transmission of tree crown leg space ventilation is good, and for solid as a result, fruit yield is high, quality is excellent.The lower working space of hat is considerably increased simultaneously, it is convenient
Mechanization less important work.
Summary of the invention
It comes out boldly the method for forming the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of peach high photosynthetic efficiency tree-like four.
The side of forming the technical solution used to solve the technical problems of the present invention is that a kind of peach high photosynthetic efficiency tree-like four is come out boldly
Method, comprising the following steps:
(1) First Year shaping: being done surely immediately after field planting, do it is 30~50 centimetres high, when new-tip length be 30~40 lis
4~5 healthy and strong young sprouts are selected and remain as skeleton branch, for the branch that remaining is sprouted again, when influence is selected upwards by meter Shi, autonomous butt portion
The bud picking in advance for staying branch growth takes branch tenderizer or the heavy pruning tip to handle when having little time the use that bud picking has been grown up;4 selected and remain simultaneously
~5 skeleton branches, spreading angle, does not adjust direction, is allowed to vertical growth, and the sublateral shoot occurred on the skeleton branch selected and remain is except influence
Outside the competitive branch of end of the branch growth is controlled, remaining branch keeps nature to grow;When field planting winter current year cuts, skeleton branch is carried out
Adjustment, selects and remain four suitable branches in orientation and does major branch, remaining biggish branch removes;Major branch is according to growth potential and the full journey of bud
Degree stays cutting back in full bud, and major branch, which is cut, stays 40~60 centimetres of length;Bud orientation, the strong kind choosing of the first transaction of a day's business are stayed for major branch clip
Interior lateral bud or interior skew back is stayed to sprout, the strong variety selection side of orthostatic is sprouted;
(2) second year shaping: second year growth period keeps major branch to extend end of the branch advantage, competitive branch is controlled, when young sprout is grown to
It at 40~50 centimetres, selects and remain, adjust major branch extension branch, interior side shoot and sublateral shoot are allowed to grow early period, utilize inside enriching shoot to fight for empty
Between open a business naturally major branch angle, the raw enriching shoot in side is trained medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster;When the next winter is trimmed, in skeleton branch end of the branch
(or) cutting back, it cuts and stays 80~120 centimetres of length, clip stays bud orientation to cut with the First Year winter, the strong prosperous branch in inside and end of the branch on major branch
Neighbouring annual shoot, which stays to faint, to be removed, the raw branch in stronger side and behind branch weight cutting back, and long fruit branch is slow in the golden mean of the Confucian school puts;
(3) third year shaping: third year Growing season manages same second year, priority control competitive branch, and keeps major branch mitogenetic
18 ± 2.5 degree of angle, biennial position should be lacked and stay fruit or do not stay fruit, as a result based on 3 years raw positions;Winter in third year cuts
When, major branch end of the branch delay and puts, the same the next winter of other processing method;Equidirectional small branch group spacing after winter pruning
It is kept for 40 centimetres or more, selects and remain short fruitful branch in 30~35 long in average every meter of major branch length, and fruitful branch is kept to be distributed
It is close under dilute, it is up-small and down-big;Major branch middle and lower part fruit-bearing shoot cluster and fruitful branch are substantially distributed in behind and the oblique side in behind, major branch top are tied
Fruit branch group and fruitful branch between the adjacent strain in major branch top and are in the ranks retained between 1.2~1.5 meters based on major branch side and outside
Away from tree crown is integral into inverted conical shape.
Further, in step (1), if current year when four suitable branches in orientation can not being selected to do major branch, to therein 1~
2 major branches carry out weight cutting back, are divided into two after it sends out branch, and the Secondary Branch on major branch is strong prosperous and inside enriching shoot is stayed to faint and be removed,
Branch and behind branch weight cutting back are given birth in stronger side, and long fruit branch, which delays, in the golden mean of the Confucian school puts, and 3~5 branches of weight cutting back on each major branch are slow to put 3~5
A branch.
Further, in step (3), if major branch end of the branch growth potential is weak, then middle cutting back is primary.It is trimmed using the peach of the present invention
The tree-like tree management obtained with the method for forming is simple, and pruning rate is small, and forming is fast, as a result early;Crown height, branch level are few;
Crown Structure is stablized, and ventilation and penetrating light is good, and yield is high, and fruit quality is good;Load capacity is big, is not required to pillar support, is suitable for seeding row spacing
For 3~4 × 4~5 meters of peach garden.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
1, First Year shaping: being done surely immediately after field planting, generally does 30~50 centimetres high, selects and remain full bud, so as to
It issues in branch and selects and remain skeleton branch.When 30~40 centimetres of new-tip length, hair branch quantity is checked, autonomous butt portion selects and remain 4 upwards
~5 healthy and strong young sprouts, remaining branch sprouted again influence the bud picking in advance for selecting and remain branch growth, and have little time that bud picking grown up adopts
With taking branch tenderizer or the heavy pruning tip to slow down its growth potential, with auxiliary feeding sapling up-growth;4~5 skeleton branches selected and remain, angle of not opening a business
Degree, is allowed to vertical growth, only adjusts direction, and the sublateral shoot occurred on the skeleton branch selected and remain is except the competitive branch for influencing end of the branch growth
Outside being controlled, remaining branch keeps nature to grow, it should be noted that keeps selecting and remain the growth potential of skeleton branch.Field planting winter current year cuts
When, skeleton branch is adjusted, four suitable branches in orientation is selected and remain and does major branch, remaining biggish branch removes;Major branch is general
Cutting back in full bud is stayed according to growth potential and bud turgor, cuts and stays 40~60 centimetres of length;To prevent major branch spreading angle mistake
Big and adjustment major branch orientation, it should be noted that major branch clip stays bud orientation, and the strong kind of general the first transaction of a day's business selects and remain interior lateral bud or interior skew back
It sprouts, the strong variety selection side of orthostatic is sprouted, and each veriety does not select outer lateral bud or behind bud substantially;As current year can not select four
A major branch can carry out weight cutting back to 1~2 major branch therein, be divided into two after it sends out branch, and the Secondary Branch on major branch is strong prosperous
It stays to faint with inside enriching shoot and remove, branch and behind branch weight cutting back are given birth in stronger side, and long fruit branch, which delays, in the golden mean of the Confucian school puts, on general each major branch
3~5 branches of weight cutting back, it is slow to put 3~5 branches.
2, second year shaping: second year growth period keeps major branch to extend end of the branch advantage, controls competitive branch.Young sprout grows to 40~
It selected and remain at 50 centimetres, adjust major branch extension branch.This is tree-like to be not required to intentional spreading angle, and interior side shoot and sublateral shoot are allowed to grow early period,
Utilize inside enriching shoot nature the first transaction of a day's business major branch angle.The raw enriching shoot in opposite side uses by branch, turns round the gimmicks such as the tip or the heavy pruning tip, is trained medium and small
Fruit-bearing shoot cluster.When winter pruning skeleton branch end of the branch continue in cutting back, cut and stay 80~120 centimetres of length, clip stays bud orientation with the
1 year winter cut.The neighbouring annual shoot of the strong prosperous branch in inside and end of the branch, which stays to faint and (retain 1~2 flat bud), on major branch wipes out, stronger side
Branch and behind branch weight cutting back are given birth to, long fruit branch, which delays, in the golden mean of the Confucian school puts.
3, third year shaping: third year Growing season manages same second year, priority control competitive branch, and prevents major branch angle mistake
Greatly, mitogenetic 18 ± 2.5 degree of angle of major branch are kept.To promote major branch end of the branch advantage to extend, biennial position, which should be lacked, to be stayed fruit or does not stay
Fruit, as a result based on 3 years raw positions.Major branch end of the branch delay and puts when winter in third year cuts, and the end of the branch weak to growth potential can also be again
Middle cutting back is primary.The same the next winter of other processing method.Equidirectional small branch group spacing is kept for 40 lis after winter pruning
Meter or more, select and remain short fruitful branch in 30~35 long in average every meter of major branch length, and keep fruitful branch distribution it is upper it is dilute under it is close, on
It is small lower big;Major branch middle and lower part fruit-bearing shoot cluster and fruitful branch are substantially distributed in oblique side behind and behind, major branch top fruit-bearing shoot cluster and
Fruitful branch is based on major branch side and outside.
It is 3.5~4 meters high to set that shape structural parameters are come out boldly to four major branches that peach is trimmed by embodiment 1, and trunk is high
20~40 centimetres, or without trunk;Mitogenetic 4 balance of power major branches directly from ground or trunk, the mitogenetic angle 18 ± 2.5 of major branch
Degree, on major branch directly raw small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster or fruitful branch, 20~40 centimetres of small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster spacing;Tree crown lower part result
The main distribution major branch behind of branch group or behind oblique side;Tree crown top fruit-bearing shoot cluster and fruitful branch are distributed in major branch side and outside;
Setting fruit position is not stayed substantially on the inside of skeleton branch;Mutually drawn on tree crown top with galvanized wire at age tree, between the adjacent strain in tree crown top and
In the ranks retain 1.2~1.5 meters of spacing, tree crown is integrally conical.The peach tree management of the forming technique culture is simple,
Pruning rate is small, and forming is fast, and skeleton branch is more upright after forming, and load capacity is strong, and ventilation and penetrating light is good on the outside of tree crown, and solid is as a result, fruit
Real yield is high, and quality is excellent.Start in third year as a result, 500~800 kilograms of average yield per mu;4th annual per mu yield 2000~2500
Kilogram;After 5th year enter the best fruiting period, 4000~5000 kilograms of average yield per mu.
Claims (3)
- A kind of method of forming 1. peach high photosynthetic efficiency tree-like four is come out boldly, which comprises the following steps:(1) First Year shaping: being done surely immediately after field planting, do it is 30~50 centimetres high, when new-tip length be 30~40 centimetres when, 4~5 healthy and strong young sprouts are selected and remain upwards as skeleton branch, for the branch that remaining is sprouted again, when branch is selected and remain in influence in autonomous butt portion The bud picking in advance of growth takes branch tenderizer or the heavy pruning tip to handle when having little time the use that bud picking has been grown up;4~5 selected and remain simultaneously A skeleton branch, spreading angle, does not adjust direction, is allowed to vertical growth, and the sublateral shoot occurred on the skeleton branch selected and remain is except influence branch Outside the competitive branch of head growth is controlled, remaining branch keeps nature to grow;When field planting winter current year cuts, skeleton branch is adjusted It is whole, it selects and remain four suitable branches in orientation and does major branch, remaining biggish branch removes;Major branch is according to growth potential and bud turgor Cutting back in full bud is stayed, major branch, which is cut, stays 40~60 centimetres of length;Bud orientation is stayed for major branch clip, the strong kind of the first transaction of a day's business is selected and remain Interior lateral bud or interior skew back are sprouted, and the strong variety selection side of orthostatic is sprouted;(2) second year shaping: second year growth period keeps major branch to extend end of the branch advantage, controls competitive branch, when young sprout grows to 40~ It at 50 centimetres, selects and remain, adjust major branch extension branch, interior side shoot and sublateral shoot are allowed to grow early period, certainly using inside enriching shoot contention space The raw enriching shoot in side is trained medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster by right the first transaction of a day's business major branch angle;It is in skeleton branch end of the branch or light when the next winter is trimmed Cutting back is cut and stays 80~120 centimetres of length, and clip stays bud orientation to cut with the First Year winter, on major branch near the strong prosperous branch in inside and end of the branch Annual shoot is stayed to faint and be wiped out, the raw branch in stronger side and behind branch weight cutting back, and long fruit branch is slow in the golden mean of the Confucian school puts;(3) third year shaping: third year Growing season manages same second year, priority control competitive branch, and keeps the mitogenetic angle of major branch 18 ± 2.5 degree, biennial position should be lacked and stay fruit or do not stay fruit, as a result based on 3 years raw positions;It is main when winter in third year cuts Lopwood head delay and is put, other processing method is cut with the second year winter;Equidirectional small branch group spacing is not small after winter pruning In 40 centimetres, select and remain short fruitful branch in 30~35 long in average every meter of major branch length, and keep fruitful branch distribution it is upper it is dilute under it is close, It is up-small and down-big;Major branch middle and lower part fruit-bearing shoot cluster and fruitful branch are substantially distributed in behind and behind oblique side, major branch top fruit-bearing shoot cluster With fruitful branch based on major branch side and outside, between the adjacent strain in major branch top and in the ranks retain 1.2~1.5 meters of spacing, tree Hat is whole conical.
- The method of forming 2. peach high photosynthetic efficiency tree-like four according to claim 1 is come out boldly, which is characterized in that in step (1), If current year can not select four suitable branches in orientation to do major branch, weight cutting back is carried out to 1~2 major branch therein, in its hair It is divided into two after branch, the Secondary Branch on major branch is strong prosperous and inside enriching shoot is stayed to faint and be removed, and the raw branch in stronger side and behind branch weight are short It cuts, long fruit branch is slow in the golden mean of the Confucian school puts, and 3~5 branches of weight cutting back on each major branch are slow to put 3~5 branches.
- The method of forming 3. peach high photosynthetic efficiency tree-like four according to claim 1 is come out boldly, which is characterized in that in step (3), If major branch end of the branch growth potential is weak, then middle cutting back is primary.
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CN107683715A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-02-13 | 淮南市祝利生态园林有限公司 | A kind of method of peach shaping and trimming |
CN107624415A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-01-26 | 孙考义 | The double open form implantation methods of fruit tree |
CN107691070A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-02-16 | 潍坊职业学院 | A kind of peach pruning method |
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CN108174739A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-06-19 | 刘进 | Four major branch rapid shaping method of peach |
CN109644763A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-19 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of high photosynthetic efficiency wild goose formation cultural method for peach appropriateness dense planting |
CN110122107A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-08-16 | 河北农业大学 | Method for forming double-plant staggered V-shaped tree form of fruit tree |
CN110192492A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-03 | 河北田康农业科技有限公司 | A kind of trimming control cultural method of peach advantage result |
CN111108949B (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-09-07 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Pruning method for plum trees and apricot trees |
CN112425434A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-02 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Pruning method for branches and tips of peach trees in growing seasons in rainy regions |
CN112616547A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-09 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Pruning method for rapid forming of peach trees in southern rain-sheltering cultivation |
CN113692873B (en) * | 2021-09-21 | 2022-07-19 | 湖北七仙红园区管理服务有限公司 | Peach tree shaping method in rainy area |
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