CN107873306A - A kind of new three major branches specular removal cultural method of peach - Google Patents
A kind of new three major branches specular removal cultural method of peach Download PDFInfo
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- CN107873306A CN107873306A CN201711153471.6A CN201711153471A CN107873306A CN 107873306 A CN107873306 A CN 107873306A CN 201711153471 A CN201711153471 A CN 201711153471A CN 107873306 A CN107873306 A CN 107873306A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of new three major branches specular removal cultural method of peach, major branch is cultivated since any plant of tree on same ridge, every plant of tree selects and remain the balanced major branch of 3 growth potentials, the angle of adjacent major branch is between 40 °~60 °, in 3 major branches that the tree is selected and remain, the direction of one major branch projection perpendicular in the ranks, another two major branch then towards offside in the ranks；When adjacent tree carries out major branch and selected and remain on same ridge, its be configured to the tree rotate horizontally it is tree-like after 180 °, follow-up plant it is tree-like by above-mentioned construction successively alternately, the plant of identical field planting point is consistent tree-like on adjacent ridge.The present invention can make full use of space in the ranks, make major branch distribution in picturesque disorder, go together, be independent of each other between the adjacent plant major branch of same column, be really achieved the purpose for efficiently utilizing illumination；Also help and in the ranks operate, be easy to small-sized machine operation, reached the purpose of peach Labor-saving cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of peach cultivation mode, especially a kind of specular removal cultivation tree-like based on new three major branch
Method.
Background technology
The tree-like physiological status for directly affecting illumination patterns in tree crown, Photosynthetic Productivity and branches and leaves organ etc. of fruit tree, enters
And influence fruit yield and quality.It is to improve output of the fruit tree, improve the important way of fruit quality using the tree-like system of specular removal
Footpath.And on the basis of rationally tree-like mould, coordinate the cultivation mode of science, effectively can in the ranks be made using space in the ranks, raising
The mechanization degree of industry, save labor cost, and then the purpose of peach Labor-saving cultivation.
Peach is intolerant tree species, and each position intensity of illumination difference of tree body directly affects fruit quality.For many years, people are according to peach
The light characteristic of tree, many exploration sex works are done on tree structure wavelet, it is proposed that three major branch natural open centre shapes, two major branches " Y "
The tree-structured such as shape and trunk shape.Three traditional major branch natural open centre shapes be peach cultivation on it is most widely used it is tree-like it
One, basically identical using the tree-structured of peach, major branch distribution and angle in this tree-like peach garden, its tree-like main points of moulding is
Known to most of orchard workers.This tradition is tree-like because three main branch angles are essentially identical, digs pit, trims, fruit carrying out fertilising
During the operations such as real harvesting, it may influence whether that adjacent plant receives sufficient illumination to towards same or like major branch with row,
The use of small-sized machine is also hindered, adds labor cost expenditure；Meanwhile the useful space in the ranks does not obtain fully yet
Utilize.With the development of social productive forces, this traditional tree structure constrains the further lifting of peach yield and quality.
At present, in trend is reduced year by year, peach garden recruitment aging becomes young labour's number that China is engaged in agricultural production
Gesture is aggravated, labor shortage, and recruitment cost is high, the problems such as " recruitment is difficult, recruitment is waste " is often occurred, is increased peach garden production cost.
And peach tradition pruning technique is cumbersome, in the ranks working space is small, mechanization degree it is low and restrict peach efficiently produce it is main because
Element.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of that the major branch natural open centre shape of peach three traditional in production at present is tree-like, there is provided
It is a kind of not only can guarantee that skeleton was sane three major branches are tree-like but also the new specular removal cultural method of suitable mechanized operation in the ranks.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows：
A kind of new three major branches specular removal cultural method of peach, major branch is cultivated since any plant of tree on same ridge, often
Strain tree selects and remain the balanced major branch of 3 growth potentials, and the angle of adjacent major branch is between 40 °~60 °, 3 major branches that the tree is selected and remain
In, the direction of major branch projection perpendicular in the ranks, another two major branch then towards offside in the ranks；Adjacent tree is carried out on same ridge
When major branch is selected and remain, its be configured to the tree rotate horizontally 180 ° after it is tree-like, follow-up plant it is tree-like by above-mentioned construction replace successively into
OK, the plant that identical field planting is put on adjacent ridge is consistent tree-like.
Preferably, comprise the following steps：
Field planting：Planting pit has been dug, has been put into organic fertilizer in cave, peach grafting is put into planting pit center, anvil during field planting
Stake is leeward, unfolds root system, nursery stock is slowly above carried while burying earthen backfill, pours water and irrigates after soil having peace of mind；
It is fixed dry：It can determine to do after transplanted seedling tree, heading height is 60cm~80cm, and 5 are stayed at 20cm~30cm under clip
Full bud more than individual；
Field planting is trimmed then：When new-tip length grows to 20cm, 4~6 more prosperous young sprouts of growth potential are selected and remain, other growths
Gesture is weaker, removes processing to consistent young sprout with ridge；When new-tip length is more than 30cm, method according to claim 1 is repaiied
Cut tree-like；
Second Year is trimmed：Selecting and remain the first side shoot at trunk 50cm~60cm, the first side shoot on each major branch should
Guarantee is grown in homonymy, and the angle of itself and major branch is 45 °, cultivation results branch group；
Trim within 3rd year：The second side shoot is up selected and remain at 40cm~60cm in the offside of the first side shoot；
4th year and follow-up trimming：Into after the 4th year, tree body summer management is carried out, according to bearing fruit, situation rationally stays fruit,
Balance the relation between reproductive growth and nutrient growth；After 5th year, tree body enters the best fruiting period, and yield tends towards stability, tree body construction
Also trimming is carried out in basic forming, routinely cultivation management measure.
Preferably, field planting is also needed to carry out winter pruning then, and major branch is bounced back, and retains the strong bud in outside, is cut and is stayed the length to be
50cm~60cm, other branches all remove processing on major branch, so that the coming year inspires shoot.
Preferably, Second Year is also needed to carry out winter pruning, and major branch is extended into branch retraction, wipes out length as the 1/ of major branch total length
3~1/2, clip retains the full bud of outside growth, and the first side shoot carries out retraction processing, the branch towards interior thorax is dredged
Remove, other thin and delicate branches, overstocked branch etc. also remove processing on major branch.
Preferably, trimming in the 3rd year passes through when selecting and remain the second side shoot to the growth preferable branch of more prosperous but adnation position
Its growth potential is relaxed by branch, back branch sends measure to change the direction of growth by pinching, torsion, and overstocked branch, the branch of excessive growth, interior thorax branch are in the summer
Season gives cutting back or removed when trimming, and ensures that trunk infusion is balanced.
Preferably, also need within the 3rd year to carry out winter pruning, major branch extends branch and still provides for bouncing back, and it is short to retain the full bud in outside
Cut, remove thin and delicate branch, overstocked branch, overlapping branch, interior thorax branch, back branch, back of the body undershoot, select and remain the raw branch in major branch both sides, and
Homonymy branch spacing holding 20cm or so, spacing 10cm of base portion and offside branch base portion or so, major branch extends branch bottom 30cm
Branch is not stayed inside.
Preferably, when surely dry, to prevent plant from distorting, apart from trunk 5cm~10cm at slotting one it is parallel with nursery stock
Bamboo pole, to bondage nursery stock, the rope of bondage is coiled into the figure of eight between nursery stock and bamboo pole, prevents rope bondage from being caused to trunk
Injury.
Field selects：Orchard addressing, which should try one's best, selects the region of traffic convenience, and edaphic condition is preferable, and garden is easy to be divided into
Cell transplants peach.
Prepare before field planting：Application claims row is to being north and south row to so that each region of tree body is subjected to illumination, rain
The more area of water must avoid the generation of damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging using Root growth.
The determination of planting density：The tree-like spacing in the rows for requiring plant of new three major branch of the present invention is 3m~4m, is pushed away
Wide row plantation is recommended, line-spacing is 5m~6m.
New three major branch of peach proposed by the present invention is tree-like be transformed on the basis of traditional three major branch natural open centre shapes and
Come, and according to the tree-like supporting cultural method of science.This cultural method can make peach make full use of space in the ranks, make master
Branch distribution is in picturesque disorder, goes together, is mutually independent of each other between the adjacent plant major branch of same column, is really achieved the mesh for efficiently utilizing illumination
's；The pattern, which also helps, in the ranks to be operated, and is easy to small-sized machine operation, has reached the purpose of peach Labor-saving cultivation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the new tree-like schematic diagram of three major branches of peach of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The new three major branches specular removal cultural method experiment of this peach is carried out in Jiangsu Province Agriculture Science Institute peach experiment garden, is utilized
The time of 4 years completes.
Variety selection：Late-maturing peach ' rosy clouds sunshine 8 '.
Contrast tree-like：Traditional three major branch natural open centre shapes.
Embodiment：Two kinds of tree-like seeding row spacings are set to 3m × 5m, and Root growth, north and south row is to plant, except trimming is arranged
Outside applying, other cultivation management measures are identical.
Concretely comprise the following steps：
Field planting：Planting pit has been dug, has been put into organic fertilizer in cave, peach grafting is put into planting pit center, anvil during field planting
Stake is leeward, unfolds root system, nursery stock is slowly above carried while burying earthen backfill, pours water and irrigates after soil having peace of mind；
It is fixed dry：It can determine to do after transplanted seedling tree, heading height is 60cm~80cm, and 5 are stayed at 20cm~30cm under clip
Full bud more than individual, when surely dry, to prevent plant from distorting, apart from trunk 5cm~10cm at slotting one it is parallel with nursery stock
Bamboo pole, to bondage nursery stock, the rope of bondage is coiled into the figure of eight between nursery stock and bamboo pole, prevents rope bondage from causing to hinder to trunk
Evil；
Field planting is trimmed then：When new-tip length reaches 20cm, remove all thin and delicate tips, only select and remain 4~6 growth potentials compared with
Prosperous young sprout；When new-tip length reaches 30cm, major branch is cultivated since the first tree on same ridge, every plant of tree selects in early stage
Continue to select and remain on the basis of the strong tip stayed 3 growth potential equilibriums, be uniformly distributed, in picturesque disorder young sprout is cultivated as major branch,
Major branch of the major branch spreading angle at 40 °~60 °, each major branch are avoided towards due south direction, 3 major branches that first tree is selected and remain
In, the direction of major branch projection perpendicular in the ranks, another two major branch then towards offside in the ranks；Second plant of tree carries out major branch and selected and remain
When, its be configured to first tree rotate horizontally 180 ° after it is tree-like, the 3rd plant tree moulding it is similar with first tree, follow-up plant
Tree-like to press above-mentioned construction successively alternately, the plant of identical field planting point is consistent tree-like on adjacent ridge, and winter major branch, which is cut, to be stayed
Length 50cm~60cm, 2~3 side shoots are equipped with each major branch；
Second Year is trimmed：Selecting and remain the first side shoot at trunk 50cm~60cm, the first side shoot on each major branch should
Guarantee is grown in homonymy, and the angle of itself and major branch is 45 °, cultivation results branch group, and during winter pruning, major branch is extended into branch retraction,
1/3~1/2 that length is major branch total length is wiped out, clip retains the full bud of outside growth, and the first side shoot carries out retraction processing,
Branch towards interior thorax is removed, other thin and delicate branches, overstocked branch etc. also remove processing on major branch；
Trim within 3rd year：The second side shoot is up selected and remain at 40cm~60cm in the offside of the first side shoot, to grow it is more prosperous but
For the preferable branch of adnation position by relaxing its growth potential by branch, back branch sends measure to change the direction of growth, mistake by pinching, torsion
Close branch, the branch of excessive growth, interior thorax branch give cutting back in summer pruning or removed, and ensure that trunk infusion is balanced, during winter pruning, major branch
Extend branch to still provide for bouncing back, retain the full bud cutting back in outside, remove thin and delicate branch, overstocked branch, overlapping branch, interior thorax branch, back branch, the back of the body
Undershoot, the raw branch in major branch both sides is selected and remain, and homonymy branch spacing keeps 20cm or so, base portion and offside branch base portion
Spacing 10cm or so, major branch, which extends in branch bottom 30cm, does not stay branch.It can make the tree-like tree body knot of new three major branch by 3 years
Structure culture is completed, and initially enters fruiting period within the 4th year；
4th year and follow-up trimming：Into after the 4th year, tree body summer management is carried out, according to bearing fruit, situation rationally stays fruit,
Balance the relation between reproductive growth and nutrient growth；After 5th year, tree body enters the best fruiting period, and yield tends towards stability, tree body construction
Also trimming is carried out in basic forming, routinely cultivation management measure.
Index determining：Respectively at the tree-like obvious index of contrast of the 4th year two kinds of measure of tree body shaping, i.e. each portion of tree body
Position (top, middle part periphery, thorax, bottom in middle part, each major branch on choose 4 positions to determine) intensity of illumination and blade
Net Photosynthetic Rate index.It is most appropriate as 1 group from 2 plants of trees with reference to the new three major branches construction of peach of the present invention.Therefore,
1 group is used as from 2 plants of trees per tree-like, 3 repetitions, per tree-like 6 plants of trees of meter.It is fine respectively at the first tenday period of a month in May, mid-July and early September
The morning 9 of bright calm weather:00~11:00 measure index of correlation.
(1) intensity of illumination determines：HOBO UA-002-64 type temperature optical recorders are fixed on each Site Determination illumination of tree body
Intensity.
(2) net photosynthetic rate determines：Using the portable photosynthesis measuring systems of LI-6400XT, Open method mostoidectomy
The Net Photosynthetic Rate of blade is determined, the ripe function that no disease and pests harm is opened in branch middle and upper part 3 is chosen at each position of each major branch
Leaf is measured, and is averaged.
Mechanization degree compares：It is main that relatively in the ranks small operation platform carries out artificial flower and fruit thinning, trimming and harvesting
Mechanization degree.
Data analysis：Variance analysis is carried out to result of the test with Duncan formula duncan's new multiple range method.
Interpretation of result：
(1) two kind of tree-like specular removal effect compares
Interim when determining for 3 from table 1, traditional three major branch natural open centre shapes are preced with the tree-like plant of new three major branch
The intensity of illumination and net photosynthetic rate that layer top, middle part periphery receive there are no significant difference；But new three major branches tree
Thorax, this 2 indexs of bottom are all remarkably higher than traditional three major branch natural open centre shapes in the middle part of shape plant.Illustrate new three major branch
It is tree-like that there is higher Light use capability, to reach the effect of peach specular removal cultivation.
1 two kinds of tree-like different times of table, different parts intensity of illumination and Net Photosynthetic Rate compare
(2) in terms of mechanization degree, three traditional major branch natural open centre shapes are tree-like to carry out artificial flower and fruit thinning, trimming
During with fruit harvesting, it is required to complete by ladder, it has not been convenient to operate, also increase orchard recruitment cost, and southern china
Area uses Root growth more, and more inconvenience is put and carried also to ladder.And new three major branch of the present invention tree-like makes major branch equal
Towards in the ranks, above-mentioned farming operations can be completed by small-sized machine platform, meet agricultural mechanization development direction, so as to
To save recruitment, labour's expenditure is reduced, saves production cost.Further, since during traditional three major branch natural open centre shapes are tree-like with
The basically identical major branch in ridge direction hinders, and is not easy to manual operation when fertilising is digged pit, and new tree-like major branch is towards after in the ranks,
Ridge overhead anaplasia is big, is more beneficial for the farming operations such as fertilising.
Claims (7)
- A kind of 1. new three major branches specular removal cultural method of peach, it is characterised in that：Trained since any plant of tree on same ridge Major branch is supported, every plant of tree selects and remain the balanced major branch of 3 growth potentials, and the angle of adjacent major branch between 40 °~60 °, select and remain by the tree 3 major branches in, the direction of major branch projection perpendicular in the ranks, another two major branch then towards offside in the ranks；Phase on same ridge Adjacent tree carries out major branch when selecting and remain, and it is configured to the tree and rotates horizontally tree-like after 180 °, and follow-up plant is tree-like to press above-mentioned construction Successively alternately, the plant that identical field planting is put on adjacent ridge is consistent tree-like.
- 2. the new three major branches specular removal cultural method of peach according to claim 1, comprises the following steps：Field planting：Planting pit has been dug, has been put into organic fertilizer in cave, peach grafting is put into planting pit center, the anvil stake back of the body during field planting Wind, unfold root system, nursery stock is slowly above carried while burying earthen backfill, pours water and irrigates after soil having peace of mind；It is fixed dry：Can determine dry after transplanted seedling tree, heading height is 60cm~80cm, stayed under clip at 20cm~30cm 5 with Upper full bud；Field planting is trimmed then：When new-tip length grows to 20cm, select and remain 4~6 eugonic young sprouts, other growth potentials compared with Weak and ridge removes processing to consistent young sprout；When new-tip length is more than 30cm, the method according to claim 1 is set to trim Shape；Second Year is trimmed：Selecting and remain the first side shoot at trunk 50cm~60cm, the first side shoot on each major branch should ensure that Homonymy is grown in, the angle of itself and major branch is 45 °, cultivation results branch group；Trim within 3rd year：The second side shoot is up selected and remain at 40cm~60cm in the offside of the first side shoot；4th year and follow-up trimming：Into after the 4th year, tree body summer management is carried out, fruit is rationally stayed according to situation of bearing fruit, is balanced Relation between reproductive growth and nutrient growth；After 5th year, tree body enters the best fruiting period, and yield tends towards stability, and tree body constructs also base Trimming is carried out in this shaping, routinely cultivation management measure.
- 3. the new three major branches specular removal cultural method of peach according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Field planting also needs then Winter pruning is carried out, major branch is bounced back, retains the strong bud in outside, it be 50cm~60cm to cut and stay length, other branches whole on major branch Remove processing.
- 4. the new three major branches specular removal cultural method of peach according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Second Year also need into Row winter pruning, by major branch extend branch retraction, wipe out length be major branch total length 1/3~1/2, clip retain outside growth Full bud, the first side shoot carry out retraction processing, and the branch towards interior thorax is removed, other thin and delicate branches, overstocked branch on major branch Also processing is removed.
- 5. the new three major branches specular removal cultural method of peach according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Trimming in 3rd year exists When selecting and remain the second side shoot, to the growth preferable branch of more prosperous but adnation position by relaxing its growth potential by branch, back branch passes through Pinching, torsion send measure to change the direction of growth, and overstocked branch, the branch of excessive growth, interior thorax branch give cutting back in summer pruning or removed, and ensure Trunk infusion is balanced.
- 6. the new three major branches specular removal cultural method of peach according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Also need within 3rd year into Row winter pruning, major branch extend branch and still provide for bouncing back, and retain the full bud cutting back in outside, remove thin and delicate branch, overstocked branch, overlapping branch, Interior thorax branch, back branch, back of the body undershoot, select and remain the raw branch in major branch both sides, and homonymy branch spacing keeps 20cm or so, base portion With the spacing 10cm of offside branch base portion or so, major branch, which extends in branch bottom 30cm, does not stay branch.
- 7. the new three major branches specular removal cultural method of peach according to any one of claim 2-6, it is characterised in that： Surely when dry, to prevent plant from distorting, a bamboo pole parallel with nursery stock is being inserted at trunk 5cm~10cm, to bondage seedling Wood, the rope of bondage are coiled into the figure of eight between nursery stock and bamboo pole, prevent rope bondage from being damaged to trunk.
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| CN109220304A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-18 | 濮阳市林业科学院 | Three major branch peach are tree-like and pruning method |
| CN109429856A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-03-08 | 烟台美乐富农业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of apple tree management method |
| CN109566226A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-04-05 | 李敦利 | Three-dimensional small happy peach breeding method |
| CN110692413A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-01-17 | 六安市兆丰商贸有限责任公司 | High-yield pruning planting method for white peach trees |
| CN111213541A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-06-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Peach seedling economical management method |
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| CN109429856A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-03-08 | 烟台美乐富农业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of apple tree management method |
| CN109566226A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-04-05 | 李敦利 | Three-dimensional small happy peach breeding method |
| CN110692413A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-01-17 | 六安市兆丰商贸有限责任公司 | High-yield pruning planting method for white peach trees |
| CN111213541A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-06-02 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Peach seedling economical management method |
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Application publication date: 20180406 |