CN105623839B - 一种提取水飞蓟油的方法 - Google Patents

一种提取水飞蓟油的方法 Download PDF

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CN105623839B
CN105623839B CN201610052374.7A CN201610052374A CN105623839B CN 105623839 B CN105623839 B CN 105623839B CN 201610052374 A CN201610052374 A CN 201610052374A CN 105623839 B CN105623839 B CN 105623839B
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silybum marianum
oil
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马亚琼
徐旭
赵永强
张成亮
贾洪涛
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INNER MONGOLIA CHANGHUI BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/02—Pretreatment
    • C11B1/04—Pretreatment of vegetable raw material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
    • A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
    • A23D9/02—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by the production or working-up
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/10—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
    • C11B1/106—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting using ultra-sounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/10—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
    • C11B1/108—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting after-treatment, e.g. of miscellae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/008—Refining fats or fatty oils by filtration, e.g. including ultra filtration, dialysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption

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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种从水飞蓟籽中获取水飞蓟油的制备方法。该方法采用了浸润‑冻干‑超声波提取的方法极大地提高了产品收率，并且油品中不饱和脂肪酸含量达50%以上，基本无损失，收率高达95%以上，且油色清亮，香气饱满，非常适于工业化生产，且产品可直接用作健康食用油或是用于健康产品中。

Description

一种提取水飞蓟油的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及提取水飞蓟油的方法，更具体地，涉及一种从水飞蓟种子中提取水飞蓟油的方法。
背景技术
菊科水飞蓟属水飞蓟（Silybum marianum）是原产于西欧和北非的植物，对土壤、水分要求不严，沙滩地、盐碱地均可种植，适应性强，引入中国后在陕西、甘肃、黑龙江和河北等省有大面积栽培，主要用于提取水飞蓟素。水飞蓟素因其保肝利胆的作用被人公知，广泛用于防治心脑血管疾病。但水飞蓟籽除了含有水飞蓟素之外，还含有大量水飞蓟油，2014年4月16日国家卫生计生委批准水飞蓟籽油为新食品原料。
水飞蓟油(Silybum marianum Seed oil)的主要成分是不饱和脂肪酸，即亚油酸（含量45%）。亚油酸作为人体必需的脂肪酸，近来大受追捧。水飞蓟油油质良好，属天然、无污染的绿色植物油，可用做家庭烹饪，长期食用可起到保肝、护脏、明目的保健作用，具有降低胆固醇，用于防治动脉粥样硬化、高血压、冠心病、软化心脑血管、清除血液垃圾之功效。
目前对水飞蓟油的生产制备的研究仍不够深入，一般以水飞蓟籽为原料，采取直接冷榨、过滤等工艺制成。但是，这种方法只经过自然沉淀过滤，油品酸值高，烹调过程油烟大，食用风味差，且出油率低，饼残油高。还有采用水代法，通过浸泡使细胞破裂，水分浸透到完整细胞内部，使凝胶体膨胀起来，加热炒籽，使细胞内的油体流出，经振荡法将油分分离出来，这种方法不经压榨、无需溶剂，使油体流出完整，且能产生特殊的香味，但提取效率不够，整个过程时间较长。还有采用溶剂法提取，但由于可溶解油脂的溶剂多为毒性有机溶剂，因而这种方法提取出来的水飞蓟油通常用作工业用油，而无法食用。近来还发展出二氧化碳超临界萃取、水酶法破壁提取等等方法，分离效率高，但仍然存在或成本高企或时间较长等等缺点。
因此，针对现有技术中制备水飞蓟油的方法存在的上述缺陷和不足，本发明的目的是提供一种新的水飞蓟油的制备方法，分离效率高，且产品品质优良，适于工业化生产。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种从水飞蓟籽中提取高纯度水飞蓟油的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
⑴筛选：取水飞蓟籽原料，送入筛选机，清除原料中的杂质，如泥土、砂石、杂草籽、空壳及灰尘等；
⑵浸润：称重筛选后的水飞蓟籽，加入5-10倍量水使其浸泡在水中，同时加入1-5重量%茶多酚，升温至40-60℃，搅拌使其充分浸润，过滤去多余水分，得浸润过的水飞蓟籽；浸润程度为使水飞蓟籽的含水量达到30%以上，优选30-35%；
⑶冻干处理：将浸润的水飞蓟籽转入冻干设备，降温至零下5-10℃，维持10-15分钟，再将温度调至常温保持10-15分钟，再降温至零下5-10℃，维持5-10分钟，将水飞蓟籽原料取出；
⑷超声波处理：将经冻干处理后的物料转入超声波提取器，加入0.5-1倍重量的水以及3-5%水飞蓟油，协同提取10-20分钟，超声波功率250-350w；
⑸离心分离：将处理后的溶液放入高速离心机中离心20分钟，得到水飞蓟油粗品；
⑹精制：加入油重3-6%的白土及2-3重量%茶多酚，温度升高至80-100度，真空度保持在96kPa左右，维持20-30分钟，经板框过滤机滤去白土，入脱臭锅脱臭，温度200-240℃，时间1-2小时，直接蒸汽的喷入量以不引起油脂飞溅为宜；
⑺将油放入冷却器冷却至常温，过滤，泵入成品油罐。
本发明还提供了上述方法制得的水飞蓟油。
本发明方法制得的水飞蓟油产品油色清亮，香气饱满，产品收率达95%以上，无使用有机溶剂，非常适用作健康食用油或是健康产品。
本发明在水飞蓟油的制油过程中，第一次提出在制油过程中加入水溶性成分茶多酚，发挥保护剂作用，避免水飞蓟油中不饱和脂肪酸收到破坏，并且采用了浸润-冻干-超声波提取的方法极大地提高了产品收率，并且保证油品中不饱和脂肪酸含量达50%以上，基本无损失，且收率高达95%以上。
附表是不同制备方法所得到的成品油中不饱和脂肪酸含量及产品收率。
方法 不饱和脂肪酸含量（%） 产品收率（%）
本发明实施例1方法 55.58 95.87
对照1 25.29 89.86
对照2 47.64 81.12
对照3 46.17 78.57
对照4 44.95 75.50
对照5 41.58 92.14
其中，对照方法1为与本发明实施例1相同的方法，区别在于不加入茶多酚；对照方法2为与本发明实施例1相同的方法，区别在于浸润的水分量为20-25%；对照方法3为与本发明实施例1相同的方法，区别在于不包含浸润步骤；对照方法4为与本发明实施例1相同的方法，区别在于不包含冻干处理步骤；对照方法5为精磨破碎水飞蓟籽后经超临界二氧化碳萃取法提取水飞蓟油。
从表中可以看出，不加入茶多酚会极大地影响不饱和脂肪酸的含量，而茶多酚在整个方法中既起到抗氧化作用，同时由于其水溶性的特质，易于除去，虽然本领域技术人员公知茶多酚的性质和性能，但是本发明人未看到有人在制油过程中加入该成分以改善成品油重不饱和脂肪酸的含量，同时，本发明人也发现并不是任意的抗氧化剂均可加入至本发明的方法，例如维生素E等则并不适用于本发明方法。此外，本发明所采用的过含水量浸润法及冻干步骤对于油品的性质有很大影响，通常认为如果水分过高，出油的油色浅，泡沫多，如果十分过低，则油色深而浑浊，有悬浮的粉状杂质。但本发明发现提高水飞蓟籽的含水量达30%以上，非常有利于冻干后超声波提取步骤，不但不会影响油品的性质，而且极大地提高了产油率。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部可能性。本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动下所得到的所有其他实施例，都落入本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1
10吨水飞蓟籽，送入筛选机，清除原料中的杂质，得水飞蓟籽9.95吨，加入10倍量水使其浸泡在水中，同时加入5重量%茶多酚，升温至40-60℃，搅拌使其充分浸润，浸润至含水量达35%，过滤去多余水分，得浸润过的水飞蓟籽；将浸润过的水飞蓟籽转入冻干设备，降温至零下5-10℃，维持15分钟，再将温度调至常温保持10-15分钟，再降温至零下5-10℃，维持10分钟，将经冻干处理后的物料转入超声波提取器，加入等量水以及5%水飞蓟油，协同提取15分钟，超声波功率350w；将处理后的溶液放入高速离心机中离心20分钟，得到水飞蓟油粗品；加入油重5%的白土及3重量%茶多酚，温度升高至80-100度，真空度保持在96kPa左右，维持20分钟，经板框过滤机滤去白土，入脱臭锅脱臭，温度200-240℃，时间1-2小时，直接蒸汽的喷入量以不引起油脂飞溅为宜；将油放入冷却器冷却至常温，过滤，泵入成品油罐。经检测，成品油中不饱和脂肪酸的含量为55.58%，产品收率为95.87%。
实施例2
2吨水飞蓟籽，送入筛选机，清除原料中的杂质，得水飞蓟籽1.93吨，加入5倍量水使其浸泡在水中，同时加入3重量%茶多酚，升温至40-60℃，搅拌使其充分浸润，浸润至含水量达32%，过滤去多余水分，得浸润过的水飞蓟籽；将浸润过的水飞蓟籽转入冻干设备，降温至零下5-10℃，维持15分钟，再将温度调至常温保持10-15分钟，再降温至零下5-10℃，维持10分钟，将经冻干处理后的物料转入超声波提取器，加入等量水以及4%水飞蓟油，协同提取15分钟，超声波功率300w；将处理后的溶液放入高速离心机中离心20分钟，得到水飞蓟油粗品；加入油重4%的白土及2重量%茶多酚，温度升高至80-100度，真空度保持在96kPa左右，维持20分钟，经板框过滤机滤去白土，入脱臭锅脱臭，温度200-240℃，时间1-2小时，直接蒸汽的喷入量以不引起油脂飞溅为宜；将油放入冷却器冷却至常温，过滤，泵入成品油罐。经检测，成品油中不饱和脂肪酸的含量为56.29%，产品收率为96.12%。

Claims (2)

1.一种水飞蓟油的制备方法，由如下步骤构成：
⑴筛选：取水飞蓟籽原料，送入筛选机，清除原料中的杂质，包括泥土、砂石、杂草籽、空壳及灰尘；
⑵浸润：称重筛选后的水飞蓟籽，加入5-10倍量水使其浸泡在水中，同时加入1-5重量％茶多酚，升温至40-60℃，搅拌使其充分浸润，过滤去多余水分，得浸润过的水飞蓟籽；浸润程度为使水飞蓟籽的含水量达到30-35％；
⑶冻干处理：将浸润的水飞蓟籽转入冻干设备，降温至零下5-10℃，维持10-15分钟，再将温度调至常温保持10-15分钟，再降温至零下5-10℃，维持5-10分钟，将水飞蓟籽原料取出；⑷超声波处理：将经冻干处理后的物料转入超声波提取器，加入0.5-1倍重量的水以及3-5％水飞蓟油，协同提取10-20分钟，超声波功率250-350w；
⑸离心分离：将处理后的溶液放入高速离心机中离心20分钟，得到水飞蓟油粗品；
⑹精制：加入油重3-6％的白土及2-3重量％茶多酚，温度升高至80-100度，真空度保持在96kPa，维持20-30分钟，经板框过滤机滤去白土，入脱臭锅脱臭，温度200-240℃，时间1-2小时，直接蒸汽的喷入量以不引起油脂飞溅为宜；
⑺将油放入冷却器冷却至常温，过滤，泵入成品油罐。
2.如权利要求1方法制得的水飞蓟油。
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