CN105284381A - Construction method for fast oiltea camellia forest establishment - Google Patents
Construction method for fast oiltea camellia forest establishment Download PDFInfo
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- CN105284381A CN105284381A CN201510780963.2A CN201510780963A CN105284381A CN 105284381 A CN105284381 A CN 105284381A CN 201510780963 A CN201510780963 A CN 201510780963A CN 105284381 A CN105284381 A CN 105284381A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a construction method for fast oiltea camellia forest establishment, and relates to the technical field of economic forest planting. The construction method comprises the following construction steps: (1) woodland selection; (2) soil improvement: a, loosening improvement, and b, aging treatment; (3) soil preparation and bedding; (4) fertilization; (5), planting: a, planting hole excavation, b, base fertilizer application, c, tree seedling pre-treatment, d, transplantation, and e, root stabilizing fertilizer application; and (6) management: a, additional fertilizer application, b, assistant fertilizer application, and c, other management. The construction method disclosed by the present invention can improve soil quality, and enhance land productivity and promote fast forest establishment, meanwhile, the produced oiltea camellia has the characteristics of high quality, high yield and the like, so that the construction method is suitable for constructing a new oiltea camellia forest, and reconstructing an old oiltea camellia forest.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of construction method grown into forest fast in economic forest planting technology field, particularly oil tea.
Technical background
Oil tea is the distinctive traditional oil tree of China, is also one of important leverage safeguarding China's grain and oil safety.At present, oil tea, in the plantation of China, mainly still follows traditional method, thus ubiquity bloom less, the problem slow, management cost is high, benefit is low of growing into forest.In the last few years, there is the method that some improve tea-oil tree yield, quickening oil tea grows into forest, as Chinese patent (number of patent application is 201210456066.2) disclosed " implantation methods of a kind of oil tea ", the steps include: that (1) selects soil, location; Accomplish horizontal bench surrounded by mountains domatic, and in excavation drain ditch, inner side, dig cave by spacing in the rows fixed point, cave and cave are that isosceles triangle arranges; (2), after digging cave, suitably use garbage tankage, straw, awns beanstalk, farmyard manure, deep placement answered by base fertilizer; (3) at oil tea duration of flowering, selected camellia oleifera cultivar early blossoming type plant is carried out mark, the coming year, fruit maturation, selected the plant that output is high, premunition is strong, harvesting ripe, full Seed of Camellia oleifera in the plant of mark; (4) annual first arrival in November sowing in February next year, first carries out disinfection to seed, then vernalization sowing; (5), after seed is unearthed, carry out selecting seedling and filling the gaps with seedlings; (6) after bearing fruit, 5 annual ~ July executes farmyard manure, composite fertilizer, or phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, urea.Also has Chinese patent (number of patent application is 201510059159.5) disclosed " a kind of camellia oleifera lam high yield and high quality planting technology ", comprise selection of land, whole, choice of tree species, afforestation, young growth manage and protect, strengthen and foster five steps, Afforestation Time and density all strictly control, and nursery stock is with rising with cultivation; Mixing afforestation, makes the plantation florescence coordinate, improves pollination and fruit bearing rate; Utilize gap, forest land to plant short stalk crop, interval is interplanted, and comforts, application in time with cultivated generation.
Technology contents
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of construction method of camellia oleifera lam, have can improve soil soil property, culture fertility, promotion grow into forest fast, and produce tea oil quality better, output high.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is the construction method that a kind of oil tea of invention grows into forest fast, and its construction step is as follows:
(1), forest land is selected:
Selection landform is open, heliotropism good, physical features is mild, the deserted mountain suitable for afforestation of below height above sea level 500m, the tree stump of removing forest or shrub and weeds, becomes and waits to build forest land;
(2), soil melioration:
A, loose improvement: will wait that building forest land ploughs deeply 30-60cm, stone and stub in removing soil, in again soil conditioner being evenly manured into soil by the usage ratio of 1-3kg/ ㎡, then soil is cultivated again, rake is thin, leveling, becoming loose improvement and treating construction forest land;
B, Ageing Treatment: be that the acephatemet aqueous solution of 20-45ppm is evenly spilled in soil by the usage ratio of 10-30ml/ ㎡ by concentration, keep 2-4 month naturally, becomes to process to wait to build forest land;
(3), whole ground bedding:
Wait to build forest land by gradient tendency by processing, be organized into the ridge-up bed of wide 5-8.5m, long 10-15m, high 15-30cm from top to bottom, furrow spacing is 1.5-2.5m;
(4), foster and apply fertilizer in soil:
First ridge-up bed is ploughed deeply 50-70cm, then be sprinkled in soil by soil incubation fertilizer by the usage ratio of 4-5kg/ ㎡, cultivate multiple, leveling, and water wet soil table in 2-3.5kg/ ㎡ with water ratio, individual month of maintenance 3-4, becomes plantation ridge-up bed naturally;
(5), plant:
A, excavation kind of plant hole: by specification excavation kind of the plant hole pressing line space 2.5-3.5m, strain spacing 1.2-1.8m, the dark 0.4-0.75m in cave on plantation ridge-up bed;
B, basal dressing: base manure is applied at the bottom of kind of plant hole by the usage ratio in 5-10kg/ cave, cover 2-4cm soil that is thick, that mixed in 1:1 ratio by yellow soil and woods soil more thereon, then pour into kind of a water of plant hole volume 30-40%, naturally keep 2-5 days, become and wait to transplant kind of a plant hole;
C, sapling pretreatment: select high-quality sapling, put into sposh water after playing soil and soak 10-18h, become and treat kind of an oil tea sapling;
D, transplanting: first shallow pine (degree of depth is 5-12cm) plants plant hole, and will treat that kind of a 1-2 for oil tea sapling bottommost cuts wooden fork secateurs and falls, moved into again and wait to transplant in kind of plant hole, first cover with woods soil, thickness is the dark 30-50% in cave, then is filled to plantation soil and goes up section above 2-4cm of wooden fork secateurs otch most; Then fill and lead up with woods soil, water sufficient normal root water, then sapling root is built into the ridge heap that the gradient is 5-15 ° of degree;
E, execute that to determine the root and stem of certain plants fertile: 10-18 days after transplanting, imposes according to the usage ratio of 0.15-0.3kg/ strain the urea liquid that weight concentration is 30-45% to sapling root, become oil tea little tree;
(6), manage:
A, spraying fertilizer: 15-30 days after transplanting, according to every 667 ㎡ application of potash fertilizer 15-30kg, phosphate fertilizer 15-36kg, farmyard manure 320-400kg;
B, Shi Fufei: 25-40 days after transplanting, be 220-300 ° from oil tea little usage tree root 25-45cm place excavation radian, the annular Tu Gou of 40-60cm deeply, fill up with auxiliary fertilizer, and irrigate with water; After, at annual spring, Qiu Liangji, according to the method described above, each fertilising once auxiliary fertilizer;
C, other management: the conventional method that other management do not related to are cultivated according to tea oil tree plantation; After 3-5, abound with camellia oleifera lam.
Described soil conditioner can be decomposed dung or rotten stalk, also can be the soil conditioner of one of following four kinds of schemes:
Described first scheme soil conditioner is prepared from by following raw material by weight:
Its preparation method is as follows: above-mentioned ferrous sulfate, wood chip, the stalk that rots, vegetables, rubbish are mixed together and are ground into 10-20 order, then be mixed together evenly by fine sand and woods soil, first scheme soil conditioner.
Described alternative plan soil conditioner is prepared from by following raw material by weight:
Its preparation method is as follows: above-mentioned rotten stalk, edible mushroom pin material are ground into 5-10 order respectively, then are mixed into compound with humic acid fertilizer, peroxidase, vinegar; Compound and woods soil and silt are mixed, alternative plan soil conditioner.
Described third program soil conditioner is prepared from by following raw material by weight:
Its preparation method is as follows: above-mentioned rotten stalk, rubbish, edible mushroom pin material, weeds, silt are ground into 10-20 order respectively, then with humic acid fertilizer, peroxidase, vinegar, Chicken dung, woods soil mix, third program soil conditioner.
Described fourth program soil conditioner is prepared from by following raw material by weight:
Rot stalk 20-30 dewatered sludge 10-15 peroxidase 1-2.5
Dibastic sodium phosphate 1-2.5 aluminum sulfate 0.5-1.5 edible mushroom pin material 20-30
Tea shell 5-10 woods soil 20-30;
Its preparation method is as follows: by above-mentioned rotten stalk, edible mushroom pin material, tea shell, dry mud, aluminum sulfate, dibastic sodium phosphate mixing, be ground into 10-20 order, then with woods soil and peroxidase mix, fourth program soil conditioner.
Described soil incubation fertilizer is decomposed dung or rotten straw, also can be to be prepared from by following raw material by weight:
Its preparation method is as follows:
A, first the house refuse of oil tea shell, cotton seed hulls, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree shell and 1/2 weight is ground into 10-20 order, mix with the microorganism species of 1/3 weight again, then fermentation process in shady and cool moist accumulation cellar for storing things is transferred to, control the temperature of internal batch at 10-28 DEG C, relative moisture controls at 65-75%, process 20-28 days, becomes fermentation material one;
B, again traditional Chinese medicine waste residue, weeds are cut into the homogeneous strip of length, then mix with the house refuse of 1/2 weight, the microorganism species of 1/3 weight, encapsulation process 15-25 days, become fermentation material two;
C, by the microorganism species mixing of above-mentioned fermentation material one and fermentation material two and trace element, the straw that rots, decomposed dung, 1/3 weight, be soil incubation fertilizer.
Described base manure is decomposed dung or rotten straw, also can be to be mixed by the fertilizer of alternative plan soil conditioner and equivalent weight.
Described sposh water be by earth with wait the water of weight portion to mix to stir evenly to form, also can be mixed by following raw material by weight:
Methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.001-0.06 earth 40-55 polyphenol oxidase 0.2-0.5
River silt mud 15-30 urea 2-3 water 25-30;
Its preparation method is as follows: first that methyl α-naphthyl acetate, polyphenol oxidase is soluble in water, then urea, earth, river silt mud is added successively, stirs evenly, sposh water.
Described plantation soil is woods soil, also can be to be mixed according to the part by weight of 1:2-4 by soil incubation fertilizer and woods soil.
Described microorganism species comprises more than two kinds in careless bacillus, Klebsiella, enterobacter cloacae, saccharomycete, potassium solubilizing bacteria, Xanthomonas campestris, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, the ratio of each component is equal portions or other ratio.
Described auxiliary fertilizer be by soil incubation fertilizer and fertilizer or farmyard manure or green manure by etc. weight portion mix.
Described yellow soil refers to the soil of distance ground certain depth, generally gets apart from the dark soil of earth's surface 0.3-2.0 rice.
Described woods soil is the table soil in camellia oleifera lam.
Described fertilizer is the various fertilizers of commercial type.
Described green manure is the plant green manure of pulse family class.
Described rotten stalk is the stalk (as straw, straw, cornstalk, sorghum stalk) of rotten level at 70-80%.
Described rubbish is the house refuse of pericarp, paper scrap, timber and so on.
Described vegetables are leafy vegetables that Chinese cabbage, spinach, lotus flower are white and so on.
Described fine sand is the yellow fine sand of 10-20 object.
Described peroxidase is catalase or lignin peroxidase or manganese peroxidase.
Described silt is that river silt is husky.
Described edible mushroom pin material is waste material remaining after cultivating edible mushroom.
Described farmyard manure is that livestock and poultry after becoming thoroughly decomposed or people urinate excrement.
Described weeds are careless and so on the aquatic weeds of eel grass, dragon's tongue grass, imperial crown.
Described dewatered sludge is the mud material after drying of pond bottom.
The slag that the traditional Chinese medicinal herbs from entire grass that described traditional Chinese medicine waste residue is lophatherum gracile, black bamboo chrysanthemum, screw oil expeller take out grass and so on is remaining after extracting.
Described earth is the yellow soil that the content of organic matter is abundant.
Described river silt mud is the bed-silt of the content of organic matter more than 25%.
Described trace element is one or more in iron, magnesium, zinc, selenium, and when for time two or more, the weight proportion of each component is equal portions or other ratio.
Described decomposed dung is ox, horse, donkey and so on the ight soil that becomes thoroughly decomposed of plant-eating animal.
The construction method that oil tea of the present invention grows into forest fast, loose improvement and Ageing Treatment is carried out by soil conditioner soil application being comprised to gas chromatography matter, and by use not only comprise gas chromatography matter, but also soil incubation fertilizer containing trace element and microorganism species carry out soil and foster and apply fertilizer, both the acid-base value of soil can have been improved, also can improve the gas permeability of soil, also providing unit can divide nutriment and trace element, moisten soil, culture fertility, accelerates the speed of growing into forest of oil tea.Especially with the addition of the microorganism species comprising several functions microbial bacteria, its many bacterium symbiotic environment is better, biologically active is stronger, physicochemical property, the culture fertility of soil can be improved further, make various fertilizer element obtain comparatively good utilisation in the process of growth of oil tea, reach improve produce the quality of tea oil and the effect of high yield.Therefore, the construction method that oil tea of the present invention grows into forest fast, can improve soil soil property, culture fertility, promotion grow into forest fast, meanwhile, produce tea oil quality better, output is high.
The construction method that oil tea of the present invention grows into forest fast, once carried out camellia oleifera lam in the Qiyang County of Yongzhou City, Hubei Province and built comparative trial, following table is experimental control data:
(note: the test camellia oleifera lam in upper table is substantially close with the land occupation condition, soil, liquid manure, blockclimate etc. contrasting camellia oleifera lam, and seedling is of the same age, same kind; Test camellia oleifera lam adopts method of the present invention to build, and contrast camellia oleifera lam adopts conventional method to build).
Build experimental control data from table can draw, the average yield that 2-5 tests camellia oleifera lam fresh fried flour fruit reaches 42.6kg/667 ㎡, 286.4kg/667 ㎡, 365.6kg/667 ㎡ and 487kg/667 ㎡ respectively, and the average yield contrasting the camellia oleifera lam fresh fried flour of the 5th year fruit just reaches 210.5kg/667 ㎡, this illustrates the one-tenth garden time early 2-3 of the one-tenth garden Time transfer receiver of test camellia oleifera lam according to camellia oleifera lam.
In addition, test camellia oleifera lam and the tea oil contrasting camellia oleifera lam and produce, its Main Ingredients and Appearance content sees the following form: the effective ingredient contained by 100 grams of tea oil
As can be seen from the content data of above-mentioned effective ingredient, the tea oil that produces of test camellia oleifera lam, its quality significantly than contrast camellia oleifera lam to produce the product of tea oil of fine quality.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.Explanation is below the mode exemplified, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The construction method that the oil tea of the present embodiment grows into forest fast, it is as follows that it builds step:
(1), auxiliary material preparation:
1., first scheme soil conditioner preparation:
Get rotten stalk 36 parts, straw 22 parts, 8 parts, rubbish, 17 parts, woods soil, 2 parts, ferrous sulfate, fine sand 5 parts, vegetables 10 parts by weight respectively, for subsequent use;
Its preparation method is as follows: above-mentioned ferrous sulfate, straw, the stalk that rots, vegetables, rubbish are mixed together and are ground into 15 orders, then be mixed together evenly by fine sand and woods soil, first scheme soil conditioner.
2., alternative plan soil conditioner preparation:
Get humic acid fertilizer 20 parts, 20 parts, edible mushroom pin material, silt 8 parts, 25 parts, woods soil by weight respectively, rot stalk 35 parts, peroxidase 1.2 parts, vinegar 1 part, for subsequent use;
Its preparation method is as follows: above-mentioned rotten stalk, edible mushroom pin material are ground into 8 orders respectively, then are mixed into compound with humic acid fertilizer, peroxidase, vinegar; Compound and woods soil and silt are mixed, alternative plan soil conditioner.
3., third program soil conditioner preparation:
Get humic acid fertilizer 20 parts, 20 parts, edible mushroom pin material, silt 8 parts, 15 parts, woods soil, rot stalk 35 parts, peroxidase 1.2 parts, vinegar 1 part, 2.8 parts, rubbish, Chicken dung 13 parts, 4 parts, weeds by weight respectively, for subsequent use;
Its preparation method is as follows: above-mentioned rotten stalk, rubbish, edible mushroom pin material, weeds, silt are ground into 15 orders respectively, then with humic acid fertilizer, peroxidase, vinegar, Chicken dung, woods soil mix, third program soil conditioner.
4., fourth program soil conditioner preparation:
Get rotten stalk 25 parts, dewatered sludge 12 parts, peroxidase 1.8 parts, dibastic sodium phosphate 1.8 parts, 1 part, aluminum sulfate, 25 parts, edible mushroom pin material, 8 parts, tea shell, 26 parts, woods soil by weight respectively, for subsequent use;
Its preparation method is as follows: by above-mentioned rotten stalk, edible mushroom pin material, tea shell, dry mud, aluminum sulfate, dibastic sodium phosphate mixing, be ground into 15 orders, then with woods soil and peroxidase mix, fourth program soil conditioner.
5., soil incubation fertilizer preparation:
Get decomposed dung 25 parts, 4 parts, oil tea shell, house refuse 10 parts, the straw 12 parts that rots, cotton seed hulls 3 parts, 3 parts, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree shell, trace element (waiting the iron of weight portion, magnesium, zinc, selenium) 1 part, 8 parts, weeds, 25 parts, traditional Chinese medicine waste residue (waiting the lophatherum gracile of weight portion, black bamboo chrysanthemum, screw oil expeller to take out grass), microorganism species (waiting the saccharomycete of weight portion, potassium solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, phosphate solubilizing bacteria) 2 parts by weight respectively, for subsequent use;
Its preparation method is as follows:
A, first the house refuse of oil tea shell, cotton seed hulls, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree shell and 1/2 weight is ground into 15 orders, mix with the microorganism species of 1/3 weight again, then fermentation process in shady and cool moist accumulation cellar for storing things is transferred to, control the temperature of internal batch at 22 DEG C, relative moisture controls 70%, process 25 days, become fermentation material one;
B, again traditional Chinese medicine waste residue, weeds are cut into the homogeneous strip of length, then mix with the house refuse of 1/2 weight, the microorganism species of 1/3 weight, encapsulation process 20 days, becomes fermentation material two;
C, by the microorganism species mixing of above-mentioned fermentation material one and fermentation material two and trace element, the straw that rots, decomposed dung, 1/3 weight, be soil incubation fertilizer.
6., base manure preparation: by etc. weight portion get alternative plan soil conditioner and fertilizer respectively, mix, be base manure.
7., sposh water preparation:
Get methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.02 part, 45 parts, earth, polyphenol oxidase 0.4 part, 22 parts, river silt mud, 2.5 parts, urea, 28 parts, water by weight respectively, for subsequent use;
Its preparation method is as follows: first that methyl α-naphthyl acetate, polyphenol oxidase is soluble in water, then urea, earth, river silt mud is added successively, stirs evenly, sposh water.
8., plantation soil preparation: by the part by weight of 1:3, get soil incubation fertilizer and woods soil respectively, mix, be plantation soil.
9., auxiliary fertilizer preparation: by etc. weight portion get soil incubation fertilizer and fertilizer (or farmyard manure or green manure) respectively, mix, be auxiliary fertilizer.
(2), forest land is selected:
Selection landform is open, heliotropism good, physical features is mild, the deserted mountain suitable for afforestation of below height above sea level 500m, the tree stump of removing forest or shrub and weeds, becomes and waits to build forest land;
(3), soil melioration:
1., loose improvement:
A, wait to build forest land for the soil is porous:
To wait that building forest land ploughs deeply 35cm, stone and stub in removing soil, then during first scheme soil conditioner is evenly manured into soil by the usage ratio of 2kg/ ㎡, then soil is cultivated multiple, rake is thin, leveling, becoming loose improvement and waiting to build forest land;
B, for soil property harden wait build forest land:
To wait that building forest land ploughs deeply 50cm, stone and stub in removing soil, then during alternative plan soil conditioner is evenly manured into soil by the usage ratio of 2.5kg/ ㎡, then soil is cultivated multiple, rake is thin, leveling, becoming loose improvement and waiting to build forest land;
Also can wait that building forest land ploughs deeply 50cm, stone and stub in removing soil, then during third program soil conditioner is evenly manured into soil by the usage ratio of 2.5kg/ ㎡, then soil is cultivated multiple, rake is thin, leveling, becoming loose improvement and waiting to build forest land;
C, for chiltern wait build forest land:
To wait that building forest land ploughs deeply 55cm, stone and stub in removing soil, then during fourth program soil conditioner is evenly manured into soil by the usage ratio of 2.5kg/ ㎡, then soil is cultivated multiple, rake is thin, leveling, becoming loose improvement and waiting to build forest land;
2., Ageing Treatment: be that the acephatemet aqueous solution of 35ppm is evenly spilled in soil by the usage ratio of 20ml/ ㎡ by concentration, naturally keep 3 months, become to process and wait to build forest land;
(4), whole ground bedding:
Wait to build forest land by gradient tendency by processing, be organized into the ridge-up bed of wide 8m, long 12m, high 25cm from top to bottom, furrow spacing is 2m;
(5), foster and apply fertilizer in soil:
First ridge-up bed is ploughed deeply 60cm, then be sprinkled in soil by soil incubation fertilizer by the usage ratio of 4.5kg/ ㎡, cultivate multiple, leveling, and water wet soil table in 3kg/ ㎡ with water ratio, maintenance 3.5 months, becomes plantation ridge-up bed naturally;
(6), plant:
A, excavation kind of plant hole: specification excavation kind of the plant hole pressing line space 3m, strain spacing 1.5m, the dark 0.5m in cave on plantation ridge-up bed;
B, basal dressing: base manure is applied at the bottom of kind of plant hole by the usage ratio in 8kg/ cave, then cover 3cm soil that is thick, that mixed in 1:1 ratio by yellow soil and woods soil thereon, then pour into kind of a water for plant hole volume 35%, naturally keep 4 days, become and wait to transplant kind of a plant hole;
C, sapling pretreatment: select high-quality sapling, put into sposh water after playing soil and soak 15h, become and treat kind of an oil tea sapling;
D, transplanting: first shallow pine (degree of depth is 8cm) plants plant hole, and will treat that kind of a 1-2 for oil tea sapling bottommost cuts wooden fork secateurs and falls, then moved into and wait to transplant in kind of plant hole, first cover with woods soil, thickness be cave dark 40%, then be filled to plantation soil and go up section above 3cm of wooden fork secateurs otch most; Then fill and lead up with woods soil, water sufficient normal root water, then sapling root is built into the ridge heap that the gradient is 8-12 ° of degree;
E, execute that to determine the root and stem of certain plants fertile: transplant latter 15 days, according to the usage ratio of 0.2kg/ strain, the urea liquid that weight concentration is 35% is imposed to sapling root, becomes oil tea little tree;
(7), manage:
A, spraying fertilizer: transplant latter 20 days, according to every 667 ㎡ application of potash fertilizer 24kg, phosphate fertilizer 33;
B, Shi Fufei: transplant latter 28 days, be 270 ° from oil tea little usage tree root 35cm place excavation radian, the annular Tu Gou of dark 50cm, fill up with auxiliary fertilizer, and irrigate with water; After, at annual spring, Qiu Liangji, according to the method described above, each fertilising once auxiliary fertilizer;
C, other management: the conventional method that other management do not related to are cultivated according to tea oil tree plantation; After 3-5, abound with camellia oleifera lam.
The construction method that oil tea of the present invention grows into forest fast, had both been applicable to new camellia oleifera lam and had built, be also applicable to the transformation of old camellia oleifera lam.
Claims (10)
1. an oil tea construction method of growing into forest fast, is characterized in that building step as follows:
(1), forest land is selected:
Selection landform is open, heliotropism good, physical features is mild, the deserted mountain suitable for afforestation of below height above sea level 500m, the tree stump of removing forest or shrub and weeds, becomes and waits to build forest land;
(2), soil melioration:
A, loose improvement: will wait that building forest land ploughs deeply 30-60cm, stone and stub in removing soil, in again soil conditioner being evenly manured into soil by the usage ratio of 1-3kg/ ㎡, then soil is cultivated again, rake is thin, leveling, becoming loose improvement and treating construction forest land;
B, Ageing Treatment: be that the acephatemet aqueous solution of 20-45ppm is evenly spilled in soil by the usage ratio of 10-30ml/ ㎡ by concentration, keep 2-4 month naturally, becomes to process to wait to build forest land;
(3), whole ground bedding:
Wait to build forest land by gradient tendency by processing, be organized into the ridge-up bed of wide 5-8.5m, long 10-15m, high 15-30cm from top to bottom, furrow spacing is 1.5-2.5m;
(4), foster and apply fertilizer in soil:
First ridge-up bed is ploughed deeply 50-70cm, then be sprinkled in soil by soil incubation fertilizer by the usage ratio of 4-5kg/ ㎡, cultivate multiple, leveling, and water wet soil table in 2-3.5kg/ ㎡ with water ratio, individual month of maintenance 3-4, becomes plantation ridge-up bed naturally;
(5), plant:
A, excavation kind of plant hole: specification excavation kind of the plant hole pressing line space 2.5-3.5m, strain spacing 1.2-1.8m, the dark 0.4-0.75m in cave on plantation ridge-up bed;
B, basal dressing: base manure is applied at the bottom of kind of plant hole by the usage ratio in 5-10kg/ cave, cover 2-4cm soil that is thick, that mixed in 1:1 ratio by yellow soil and woods soil more thereon, then pour into kind of a water of plant hole volume 30-40%, naturally keep 2-5 days, become and wait to transplant kind of a plant hole;
C, sapling pretreatment: select high-quality sapling, put into sposh water after playing soil and soak 10-18h, become and treat kind of an oil tea sapling;
D, transplanting: first shallow pine plants plant hole, and will treat that kind of a 1-2 for oil tea sapling bottommost cuts wooden fork secateurs and falls, then moved into and wait to transplant in kind of plant hole, first cover with woods soil, thickness is the dark 30-50% in cave, then is filled to plantation soil and goes up section above 2-4cm of wooden fork secateurs otch most; Then fill and lead up with woods soil, water sufficient normal root water, then sapling root is built into the ridge heap that the gradient is 5-15 ° of degree;
E, execute that to determine the root and stem of certain plants fertile: 10-18 days after transplanting, imposes according to the usage ratio of 0.15-0.3kg/ strain the urea liquid that weight concentration is 30-45% to sapling root, become oil tea little tree;
(6), manage:
A, spraying fertilizer: 15-30 days after transplanting, according to every 667 ㎡ application of potash fertilizer 15-30kg, phosphate fertilizer 15-36kg, farmyard manure 320-400kg;
B, Shi Fufei: 25-40 days after transplanting, be 220-300 ° from oil tea little usage tree root 25-45cm place excavation radian, the annular Tu Gou of 40-60cm deeply, fill up with auxiliary fertilizer, and irrigate with water; After, at annual spring, Qiu Liangji, according to the method described above, each fertilising once auxiliary fertilizer;
C, other management: the conventional method that other management do not related to are cultivated according to tea oil tree plantation; After 3-5, abound with camellia oleifera lam.
2. the oil tea construction method of growing into forest fast according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described soil conditioner is prepared from by following raw material by weight:
Its preparation method is as follows: above-mentioned ferrous sulfate, wood chip, the stalk that rots, vegetables, rubbish are mixed together and are ground into 10-20 order, then be mixed together evenly by fine sand and woods soil, first scheme soil conditioner.
3. the oil tea construction method of growing into forest fast according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described soil conditioner is prepared from by following raw material by weight:
Its preparation method is as follows: above-mentioned rotten stalk, edible mushroom pin material are ground into 5-10 order respectively, then are mixed into compound with humic acid fertilizer, peroxidase, vinegar; Compound and woods soil and silt are mixed, alternative plan soil conditioner.
4. the oil tea construction method of growing into forest fast according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described soil conditioner is prepared from by following raw material by weight:
Its preparation method is as follows: above-mentioned rotten stalk, rubbish, edible mushroom pin material, weeds, silt are ground into 10-20 order respectively, then with humic acid fertilizer, peroxidase, vinegar, Chicken dung, woods soil mix, third program soil conditioner.
5. the oil tea construction method of growing into forest fast according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described soil conditioner is prepared from by following raw material by weight:
Rot stalk 20-30 dewatered sludge 10-15 peroxidase 1-2.5
Dibastic sodium phosphate 1-2.5 aluminum sulfate 0.5-1.5 edible mushroom pin material 20-30
Tea shell 5-10 woods soil 20-30;
Its preparation method is as follows: by above-mentioned rotten stalk, edible mushroom pin material, tea shell, dry mud, aluminum sulfate, dibastic sodium phosphate mixing, be ground into 10-20 order, then with woods soil and peroxidase mix, fourth program soil conditioner.
6. the oil tea construction method of growing into forest fast according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described soil incubation fertilizer is prepared from by following raw material by weight:
Decomposed dung 20-30 oil tea shell 2-5 rubbish 5-12
Rot straw 10-15 cotton seed hulls 2-5 fruit of a cubeb litsea tree shell 2-5
Trace element 0.5-1.2 weeds 4-10 traditional Chinese medicine waste residue 20-30
Microorganism species 1.2-2.5;
Its preparation method is as follows:
A, first the house refuse of oil tea shell, cotton seed hulls, fruit of a cubeb litsea tree shell and 1/2 weight is ground into 10-20 order, mix with the microorganism species of 1/3 weight again, then fermentation process in shady and cool moist accumulation cellar for storing things is transferred to, control the temperature of internal batch at 10-28 DEG C, relative moisture controls at 65-75%, process 20-28 days, becomes fermentation material one;
B, again traditional Chinese medicine waste residue, weeds are cut into the homogeneous strip of length, then mix with the house refuse of 1/2 weight, the microorganism species of 1/3 weight, encapsulation process 15-25 days, become fermentation material two;
C, by the microorganism species mixing of above-mentioned fermentation material one and fermentation material two and trace element, the straw that rots, decomposed dung, 1/3 weight, be soil incubation fertilizer.
7. the oil tea construction method of growing into forest fast according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described base manure is mixed by the fertilizer of alternative plan soil conditioner and equivalent weight.
8. the oil tea construction method of growing into forest fast according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described sposh water is mixed by following raw material by weight:
Methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.001-0.06 earth 40-55 polyphenol oxidase 0.2-0.5
River silt mud 15-30 urea 2-3 water 25-30;
Its preparation method is as follows: first that methyl α-naphthyl acetate, polyphenol oxidase is soluble in water, then urea, earth, river silt mud is added successively, stirs evenly, sposh water.
9. the oil tea construction method of growing into forest fast according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described plantation soil is mixed according to the part by weight of 1:2-4 by soil incubation fertilizer and woods soil.
10. the construction method that oil tea grows into forest fast according to claim 1 or 6, it is characterized in that: described microorganism species comprises more than two kinds in careless bacillus, Klebsiella, enterobacter cloacae, saccharomycete, potassium solubilizing bacteria, Xanthomonas campestris, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, the ratio of each component is equal portions or other ratio.
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