CN106416904A - Method for culturing high-quality tea-oil tree seedlings - Google Patents

Method for culturing high-quality tea-oil tree seedlings Download PDF

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CN106416904A
CN106416904A CN201610891626.5A CN201610891626A CN106416904A CN 106416904 A CN106416904 A CN 106416904A CN 201610891626 A CN201610891626 A CN 201610891626A CN 106416904 A CN106416904 A CN 106416904A
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seedling
soil
grafting
days
strain
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CN106416904B (en
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柏斐
施长城
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Hunan Tangjiashan Tea-Oil Tree Development Co Ltd
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Hunan Tangjiashan Tea-Oil Tree Development Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30—Grafting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
    • A01G9/0299—Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B9/00—Fertilisers based essentially on phosphates or double phosphates of magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for culturing high-quality tea-oil tree seedlings and relates to the technical field of economic forest seedling culture. The method comprises a first step of tea-oil tree cladus culture: a step (1) of seed branch selection, a step (2) of seed branch pretreatment and a step (3) of seed branch transplanting: a step A of culture land selection and a step B of plot preparation, and a step (4) of cladus selection; a second step of grafting: a step (1) of tea-oil tree stock selection, a step (2) of anvil peeling and a step (3) of embedded cladus bundling; a third step of grafting seedling culture: a step (1) of grafting seedling culture land selection and tidying, a step (2) of grafting seedling transplanting and a step (3) of small seedling management; a fourth step of large seedling culture: a step (1) of large seedling culture land selection and tidying, a step (2) of large seedling transplantation, a step (3) of large seedling management: a step A of initial earlier period management, a step B of initial later-period management, and a step C of middle and later period management. The method has the advantages of being high in survival rate after transplantation, forming an orchard quickly and being high in yield and the like, can be used for culturing large tea-oil tree seedlings, and can also be used for culturing large seedlings of other plants.

Description

A kind of breeding method of branded oil tea seedling
Technical field
The present invention relates to commodity trees seedling-raising technique field, particularly a kind of breeding method of branded oil tea seedling.
Technical background
One of oil tea is the distinctive traditional oil tree of China, and safeguard the important leverage of China's grain and oil safety.At present, China oil tea is mostly low production forest, needs substantial amounts of high-quality seedling to improve oil tea low production forest.The cultivation of oil tea nursery stock, its tradition Method is to pluck camellia oleifera fruit seed growing seedling as stock, then chooses the oil tea fruitful branch of high-quality and carry out as grafting cladus Grafting.As Chinese patent (number of patent application is 201310519325.6) disclosed " breeding method of oil tea seedling ", the method It is：It is planted in by selecting camellia oleosa seed seed, cultivating rootstock seedling, selection superior clone scion, scion and rootstock seedling grafting, grafting In Light media non-woven container, plastic covering thin film, shading shed, the temperature in control plastic sheeting and wet is built above seedbed Degree, controlling disease, increase substantially the survival rate of grafting.Also (number of patent application is Chinese patent 201310519437.1) disclosed " propagation method of oil tea seedling grafting radical bud ", comprise the following steps：A. tea fruit is dried in the shade certainly Right camellia oleosa seed of cracking abjection, selects that its full grain is big, the seed of no disease and pests harm, seed soaking sterilization, carry out sand hide standby；B.3 the first tenday period of a month moon After temperature is stable, from clean sand, Final finishing of sterilizing becomes casting bed；One layer of seed of heavy seeding, then lid layer of sand, and flatten, compress, Covered with thin film；C.4 between the moon～May, camellia oleosa seed germination grow rootstock seedling length is at 8 centimetres～12 centimetres and layer of sand is exposed at end When；Rootstock seedling is risen out, obtains final product oil tea seedling grafting radical bud.
Technology contents
It is an object of the invention to provide survival rate is high, become the oil tea seedling cultivation side that garden is fast, yield is high after a kind of transplanting Method.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is to invent a kind of cultivation side of branded oil tea seedling Method, its cultivating process is as follows：
(i), oil tea cladus is cultivated：
1., branch selection is planted：
In existing camellia oleifera lam, the flourishing, cane of selection is sturdy, fruiting rate is high, the tea oil tree of no disease and pests harm, preferred color of choice Damp good, branch is straight, leaf is bud green, and newborn twig is used as kind of a branch within 1 year；
2., branch pretreatment is planted：
By the kind branch that plucks with 3-5 root/bundle, be put into concentration and 10-30min soaked for urging in root agent for 100-200ppm, its Afterwards, will be fixing through urging the kind branch that root agent is soaked to be put in silt slurry, 8-20h is soaked, the temperature for keeping silt slurry is 24-30 DEG C, become pretreatment kind branch；
3., branch transplanting is planted：
A, cultivation ground are selected：
The gradient is selected to be less than 10 degree, heliotropism is good, and the soil is porous, and soil thickness is in yellow soil or the sand soil of more than 35cm Earth is used as with treating cultivation；
B, readjustment of field plot：
A, groove of turning down the bed：To wait to deep-cut more than 25cm with cultivating, sort out the bed groove of wide 3-6m, long 8-15m；
B, filler：First in bed trench bottom, mixing river silt mud is put into, thickness is the 1/4 of groove depth；Again mixed soil is inserted mixed River muck surface is closed, thickness is the 2/4 of groove depth；Then will mixing topsoil fill up remaining space, leveling, wait to transplant Plot；
C, transplanting：
First in the bed groove in plot to be transplanted by line space be 35-50cm, strain spacing for 25-35cm excavation taper plantation Cave, cave is 15-20cm, a width of the 10-18cm in cave deeply；Again by pretreatment kind branch by 1/cave insertion kind plant hole, covered with soil, Compacting, pours root water, while forming the prevention against water-logging ridge heap that the gradient is for 5-10 ° around root, becomes kind of a branch cultivation Seedling；
D, management：
After pretreatment kind branch is transplanted, when temperature is at 20-30 DEG C, watered every 3-5 days, the water yield is 100-200ml/ strain； Applied fertilizer every 5-8 days, it is 60-100g/ strain that fertilizer is 10-30g/ strain or decomposed dung；
When temperature is more than 30 DEG C, watered every 2-3 days, the water yield is to apply fertilizer 250-400ml/ strain, every 4-6 days, has Machine fertilizer for 10-30g/ strain or decomposed dung be；
When temperature is below 20 DEG C, in the Caulis et Folium Oryzae of the above thickness of Waterlogged soil 3cm or mulch film is added a cover along line-spacing direction, per The warm water of 24-32 DEG C was poured every 3-4 days, the water yield be；Applying fertilizer every 7-9 days, decomposed dung is applied for 240- 350g/ strain；
4., cladus is selected：
When kind of branch cultivation Seedling is after the cultivation of 4 months, selection wherein growth situation is stable, no disease and pests harm, leaveves are bud green Kind branch, its new life, branch footpath more than 0.35cm twig as oil tea cladus；
(ii), grafting：
1., oil tea Root-stock selection：
Existing Seed of Camellia oleifera cultivate nursery in, growth selection situation is good, no disease and pests harm, ground footpath in more than 2.5cm, have The seedling of more than 2 sections cotyledons is used as stock；
2., anvil is cut：Carry out at 3cm above cotyledon petiole vertical cut, cut out length be 2-3.5cm, depth be a footpath 2/3 anvil Mouthful；
3., embedding fringe binding：The oil tea cladus that cuts is embedded in anvil mouth, cambium layer is directed at, appearance mixing soil cincture connects Mouth one is enclosed, and thickness is 1-1.5 times of diameter of stock, then with plastic sheeting around a circle, is covered soil, then used cord, become Grafting；Then, according to Routine Management method, after 3-4 month, become grafting to be transplanted；
(iii), grafting is cultivated：
1., grafting is cultivated ground and selects and arrange：
A, grafting are cultivated ground and select：Gentle gradient is selected, the soil is porous, soil thickness is made in the yellow soil of more than 35cm Wait to cultivate ground for grafting；
B, grafting are cultivated ground and arrange：Grafting is waited to deep-cut more than 30cm with cultivating, the tree stump of removing forest or shrub, Weeds and stone, and while sort out the grafting groundbed groove to be cultivated of wide 4-7m, long 10-15m；
C, grafting groundbed groove to be cultivated is arranged：
Mixing river silt mud of the thickness in 2-5cm is stacked in bottom by a, elder generation, as bottom land, flattens；
B, again will be by straw ash：Quick lime presses 1:(0.3-0.45) mixed material that part by weight is mixed is laid on mixed River muck surface is closed, thickness is 2-4cm；
C, filling soil is inserted the surface of mixed material again, thickness is the 2/3 of remaining space, leveling；
D, again with the thiophanate methyl solution that concentration is 500-700ppm, by 4-10ml/m2The ratio on filling soil surface Sprinkling, then, natural drying 2-4 days；
E, again filling table soil is filled up remaining space, leveling, become grafting bed groove to be planted；
2., grafting transplantation of seedlings：
A, open cave：The kind plant hole of excavation taper in the grafting bed groove to be planted of leveling, cave depth more than 20cm, spacing is 25-35cm, line-spacing is 35-50cm, a width of the 12-16cm in cave；
B, lifting：Grafting to be transplanted band soil is risen, to keep the Seedling soil weight of institute's adhesive tape be 8-15 times of seedling weight, Root length is 8-16cm, becomes grafting seedling to be transplanted；
C, plant：Grafting seedling to be transplanted being implanted in kind of plant hole, righting is compacted, then graft union extremely is covered with soil At the axillary bud of next-door neighbour, compacting, root water is poured, the water yield is 100-200ml/ strain, to become grafting seedling；
3., Managing small seeding：
After plant, when temperature is at 20-30 DEG C, watered every 3-5 days, the water yield is 100-200ml/ strain；Applied every 5-8 days Fertilizer, it is 60-100g/ strain that fertilizer is 10-30g/ strain or decomposed dung；
When temperature is more than 30 DEG C, watered every 2-3 days, the water yield is to apply fertilizer 250-400ml/ strain, every 4-6 days, has Machine fertilizer for 10-30g/ strain or decomposed dung be；
When temperature is below 20 DEG C, in the Caulis et Folium Oryzae of the above thickness of Waterlogged soil 3cm or mulch film is added a cover along line-spacing direction, per The warm water of 24-32 DEG C was poured every 3-4 days, the water yield be；Applying fertilizer every 7-9 days, decomposed dung is applied for 240- 350g/ strain；
Other conventionally, after 2-3 month, become grafting seedling to be transplanted；
(iv), big seedling cultivation：
1., big seedling cultivation ground is selected and is arranged：
A, big seedling cultivation ground are selected：Gentle gradient is selected, the soil is porous, and soil thickness is in the soil of more than 35cm as big Seedling is waited to cultivate ground；
B, big seedling cultivation ground are arranged：
A, big seedling cultivation groundbed groove are arranged：Seedlings are waited to deep-cut 10-18cm with cultivating, sorts out wide 3-5m, long 6-10m Bed groove, leveling；
B, treat that kind of furrow are arranged：Light media is inserted in a groove, and 15-30cm above ground level, then bed groove surrounding with digging The soil for going out enclose thickness for 5-10cm, the gradient 5-10 degree oblique mound, native gauge pressure reality, become and treat kind of furrow；
C, dig cave：On kind of furrow are treated, seedlings kind plant hole, the cave depth 20- of narrow row are excavated using width plantation row breeding method 35cm, spacing 20-35cm, line-spacing 30-50cm, a width of 15-18cm in cave；The cave depth 25-40cm of wide row, spacing and line-spacing are narrow 1.5-2.0 times of row, a width of 20-25cm in cave；Wide row is arranged every 3-5 row narrow row plantation 2-3, plant successively；
2., tree transplanted：
A, transplanted seedling are selected：Cultivate in the grafting seedling to be transplanted on ground in grafting, growth selection is stable, and cotyledon is bud green, No disease and pests harm, has the seedling of more than one section newborn cotyledon as treating transplanted seedling；
B, dig Seedling：Treat that transplanted seedling is dug out from nursery by selected, keep root system complete, the Seedling soil weight of adhesive tape is seedling 15-25 times of weight, becomes transplanted seedling；
C, tree transplanted：By the transplanted seedling for digging out by 1 plant/cave, be implanted in seedlings kind plant hole, then pressure filled up with Light media material Real, and ridge heap of the gradient in 5-10 degree is piled at root base, root water is poured, the water yield is 200-300ml/ strain, cover film booth, Become transplanting seedlings；
3., seedlings management：
A, initial prophase management：Transplanting 1-4 month after seedlings are planted, a water being poured every 2-3 days, the water yield is 150-250ml/ Strain；Mixed fertilizer was poured every 3-5 days, consumption is 200-340g/ strain；It was the first of 500-700ppm every 30 days to root spraying concentration Base thiophanate solution, consumption is 50-70ml/ strain；
When temperature fine day more than 30 DEG C is met, the period at noon throws off thin film 1-3h, carries out seedling exercising；Exist when night temperature is met When less than 15 DEG C, evening 21-24 point throws off thin film 2-4h, carries out seedling exercising；
B, initial final-period management：Tree transplanted being transplanted after 4 months, a water being poured every 3-6 days, the water yield is 300-450ml/ Strain；Mixed fertilizer was poured every 5-10 days, consumption is 360-480g/ strain；
When temperature fine day more than 30 DEG C is met, throwing off thin film daytime carries out seedling exercising, when chance night temperature is below 15 DEG C When, night throws off thin film seedling exercising；
C, middle and later periods management：Conventionally after plantation 1-2, branded oil tea seedling is become.
It is described that to urge root agent can be ABT root-inducing powder, or by Nafusaku：The fresh fat of indole presses 1:(0.15-0.3) weight Amount ratio is mixed.
The silt slurry can be river silt mud or Pond Silt, or is prepared from by the raw material of following weight portion：
River silt mud 40-60 straw ash 3-9 quick lime 1-4
Thin river sand 2-5 inorganic salt 1-3 edible fungi heel 20-30；
Its preparation method is as follows：
A, first quick lime is slowly added in river silt mud, side edged is stirred, temperature be 30-45 DEG C, relative humidity be Quiet under conditions of 65% put 8-15h；Again by straw ash add river silt mud in, stir evenly, quiet under room temperature put 20-35h, obtain mixing river silt Mud；
B, by edible fungi heel crush, cross 100 mesh with upper screen cloth, obtain edible fungi heel fine powder；
C, by above-mentioned mixing river silt mud, thin river sand, edible fungi heel fine powder and inorganic salt mix homogeneously, become mixing Material, add the clear water for accounting for 1-2 times of weight of compound, stir evenly, silt slurry；
D, described inorganic salt include one or more in sodium sulfate, magnesium phosphate, calcium chloride, ammonium chloride, when for two kinds When above, the weight proportion of each component is equal portions or other ratios.
Described thin river sand is that river sand is crossed 40 eye mesh screens, and its gained is thin river sand；
The mixing river silt mud can also be mixed or by following weight with the quick lime for waiting weight portion by river silt mud The raw material of part is prepared from：
River silt mud 40-60 straw ash 3-9 quick lime 1-4；
Its preparation method is：First quick lime is slowly added in river silt mud, side edged is stirred, temperature be 30-45 DEG C, relative Humidity puts 8-15h for quiet under conditions of 50-65%；Again by straw ash add river silt mud in, stir evenly, quiet under room temperature put 20-35h, Obtain final product mixing river silt mud.
The mixed soil can be by garden mould：Fertilizer presses 3：1 part by weight is mixed, or by garden Soil：Rotten leaveves：Shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel powder：Become thoroughly decomposed animal fertilizer：Microorganism species press (5-10):(1-3):(0.2-0.5):(2-6): (0.01-0.1) part by weight is mixed；Described microorganism species include potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, actinomycetes, One or more in lactic acid bar, when for two or more when, the weight proportion of each component is equal portions or other ratios.
The mixing topsoil can be garden mould, or by garden mould：Biological organic fertilizer：Edible fungi heel presses (5- 10):(0.2-0.35):1 part by weight is mixed.
The mixing soil can be rice field soil, or by garden mould：Wood sawdust：Fine sand：Clear water presses (10-15): (3-5):0.2：1 part by weight is mixed.
The filling soil can be by garden mould：Farm organic fertilizer presses 3：1 part by weight mix, or by The raw material of following weight portion is prepared from：
Garden mould 40-50 rapeseed cake 3-7 becomes thoroughly decomposed animal manure 15-20
Testa oryzae 5-10 fine sand 3-7 liana medicinal residues 10-15
Trace element 0.5-2.5；
Its preparation process is as follows：
1., first Testa oryzae being ground into fineves more than 80 mesh, is then added to 30-45min be soaked in the boiling water of equivalent weight, Filter, obtain Testa oryzae water and mix thing；Again Testa oryzae water being mixed thing and water content is evaporated to for 35-60%, obtains Testa oryzae material；
2., again liana medicinal residues (humidity) are first processed into 10-30 mesh fines, then are added thereto to account for liana The microorganism species of medicinal residues weight 1.5-3.5%, mix；Then, 4-8 days are stood at 28-36 DEG C, then is added thereto to micro Element, stirs evenly, encapsulation process 5-10 days；Then, dry in the shade naturally to moisture reduce 30-45%, process liana medicinal residues Material；
3., by garden mould, rapeseed cake, the animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fine sand and process liana medicinal residues material, the mixing of Testa oryzae material, Filling soil；
4., the microorganism species include the one kind or many in potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bar Kind, when for two or more when, the weight proportion of each component is equal portions or other ratios；The trace element include ferrum, phosphorus, zinc, One or more in selenium, magnesium (generally using the salt containing equivalent or mineral), when for two or more when, the weight of each component Amount proportioning is equal portions or other ratios；The liana medicinal residues include in grape leaf, Caulis Lonicerae, Flos Lonicerae, Caulis Hederae Sinensiies one Kind or multiple effective component extractings after medicinal residues, when for two or more when, the weight proportion of each component is equal portions or other ratios.
The filling table soil can be by garden mould：Animal manure become thoroughly decomposed by 3：1 part by weight mix, or by Garden mould：Fertilizer：Fertile soil presses (5-10):(0.2-0.35):1 part by weight is mixed.
The Light media can be by garden mould：Rice husk：Wood sawdust：Animal manure become thoroughly decomposed by 5：1：2：1 part by weight mixing Form, or be prepared from by the raw material of following weight portion：
Rice husk 3-8 wood sawdust 5-10 rots straw 10-15
Garden mould 30-40 shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel 3-7 becomes thoroughly decomposed animal manure 15-25
Peat 20-30 fine sand 2-5；
Its preparation process is as follows：
A, by rice husk, shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel, rot straw be processed into respectively rice husk fine powders more than 60 mesh, shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel fine powder, rot Straw fine powder；
B, again by rice husk fine powder, shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel fine powder, rot straw fine powder and the blended machine of wood sawdust is mixed, obtain mixture Material；Add trichoderma, the sanitary wastewater of 10-25% for accounting for mixed material gross weight 2.5-4.5% again in mixed material, mix Even, it is 20-35 DEG C, processes 5-10 days under conditions of relative humidity 70-85% in temperature, obtains process mixed material；Again to process Add in mixed material and account for the microorganism species for processing mixed material gross weight 3.5-6.5%, temperature be 20-35 DEG C, relative Under conditions of humidity 70-85%, sealing and fermenting is processed 5-10 days, obtains fermenting mixture material；Then fermenting mixture material is dried in the shade Reduce 35-50% to moisture, reprocess into the mixing fines of more than 80 mesh；
C, garden mould, the animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, peat, fine sand and the mixing blended machine of fines are stirred evenly repeatedly, light base Matter；
D, the microorganism species include the one kind or many in potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, actinomycetes, lactobacilluss Kind, when for two or more when, the weight proportion of each component is equal portions or other ratios.
The mixed fertilizer can be by fertilizer：Carbamide：Clear water presses 0.5:0.1:10 part by weight is mixed, and also may be used Be by fertilizer：Inorganic salt：Decomposed dung：Night soil presses (0.3-0.5):(0.1-0.15):(3-6):(0.3-0.5) weight Amount ratio mix, then with clear water dilute 8-15 times form；Described inorganic salt includes sodium sulfate, magnesium phosphate, calcium chloride, ammonium chloride In one or more, when for two or more when, the weight proportion of each component is equal portions or other ratios.
Described river silt mud is bed-silt of the content of organic matter more than 25%.
Described garden mould is vegetable garden mellow soil.
Described rotten leaveves be rotten level 70-80% leaveves (usually leaveves of deciduous tree, such as Fructus Crataegi, Pears, Fructus Mali pumilae, Firmiana platanifolia (Linn. f.) Marsili etc.).
Described shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel powder is to be crushed to form by the shell of camellia oleifera fruit.
The described animal fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed is the feces that become thoroughly decomposed of the domestic animals such as pig, cattle, sheep.
Described edible fungi heel is remaining waste material after culture edible fungi.
Described rotten straw is straw (as Caulis et Folium Oryzae, straw, corn stalk, sorghum stalk) of the rotten level in 70-80%.
Described farm organic fertilizer is the poultry after becoming thoroughly decomposed or Urina Hominis excrement.
Described fertilizer is commercial type, meets the organic fertilizer of NY525-2012 standard.
Described biological organic fertilizer is commercial type, meets the composite microbiological fertilizer of 798 2004 standard of NY/T.
Described sanitary wastewater is the washings of daily life discharge.
The breeding method of the branded oil tea seedling of the present invention, its oil tea seedling passes through multiple spies through repeatedly transplanting, in addition The cultivation of different soil, promotes cultivated oil tea seedling well developed root system, tree crown sturdy, adapts to various adverse circumstances, and improve Its cold-resistant on various terrains, drought resisting, anti-virus ability.Thus, after which goes out garden transplanting, survival rate height, tea oil tree is given birth to Long situation is projected, and becomes garden fast, yield height.
The branded oil tea seedling that breeding method according to the branded oil tea seedling of the present invention is cultivated, once in Yongzhou City, Hubei Province Qiyang County has carried out camellia oleifera lam and has built contrast test, and following table is experimental control data：
(note：Test camellia oleifera lam in upper table is basic with the land occupation condition for compareing camellia oleifera lam, soil, liquid manure, blockclimate etc. It is close to, seedling is kind of the same age, same；Test camellia oleifera lam is using the branded oil tea seedling of the present invention, and control camellia oleifera lam is using normal The oil tea seedling that rule method is cultivated).
Experimental control data are built from upper table to can be seen that after construction transplanting, the survival rate of the test camellia oleifera lam of 1-3 Respectively 93.1%, 92.4%, 91.5%, the survival rate 87.3%, 86.2%, 85.0% of relatively control camellia oleifera lam is respectively increased 5.8th, 6.2,6.5 percentage points；
The average product of 2-5 test camellia oleifera lam fresh fried flour fruit respectively reaches 65.6kg/667,254.6kg/667 , 414.0kg/667 and 640.6kg/667, relatively control camellia oleifera lam fresh fried flour fruit average product 10.3kg/667, 72.8kg/667,152.0kg/667 and 320.2kg/667 be respectively increased 55.3kg, 181.8kg, 262kg, 320.4kg, the garden Time transfer receiver that becomes of this explanation test camellia oleifera lam becomes morning garden time 2-2.5 according to camellia oleifera lam.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiments, the present invention is further illustrated.Description below be in the way of enumerating, but this Bright protection domain is not limited thereto.
The breeding method of the branded oil tea seedling of the present embodiment, its cultivating process is as follows：
First, prepared by auxiliary material：
1. root agent, is urged to prepare：
Take respectively by weight：0.2 part of the fresh fat of 1 part of Nafusaku, indole, mix homogeneously, urge root agent.
2., prepared by silt slurry：
Take respectively by weight：50 parts of river silt mud, 6 parts of straw ash, 6 parts of quick lime, 3 parts of thin river sand, inorganic salt (be by etc. The sodium sulfate of weight portion, magnesium phosphate, calcium chloride, ammonium chloride are mixed) 2 parts, 25 parts of edible fungi heel；
Its preparation method is as follows：
A, first quick lime is slowly added in river silt mud, side edged is stirred, temperature be 35 DEG C, relative humidity be 55% bar Quiet under part put 12h；Again by straw ash add river silt mud in, stir evenly, quiet under room temperature put 30h, obtain final product mixing river silt mud (the present embodiment In involved " mixing river silt mud " all river silt mud is mixed using this)；
B, by edible fungi heel crush, cross 100 eye mesh screens, obtain edible fungi heel fine powder；
C, by above-mentioned mixing river silt mud, thin river sand, edible fungi heel fine powder and inorganic salt mix homogeneously, become mixing Material, add the clear water for accounting for 1.5 times of weight of compound, stir evenly, silt slurry.
3., prepared by mixed soil：
Take respectively by weight：8 parts of garden mould, rot 2 parts of leaveves, 0.4 part of shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel powder, become thoroughly decomposed 4 parts of animal fertilizer, microorganism 0.06 part of flora, mix homogeneously, mixed soil；
Microorganism species therein are to wait the potassium solubilizing bacteria of weight portion, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, actinomycetes, the mixing of lactic acid bar Thing.
4., mix top layer soil processing：
Take respectively by weight：8 parts of garden mould, 0.3 part of biological organic fertilizer, 1 part of edible fungi heel, mix homogeneously, mixed Close topsoil.
5., mixing soil preparation：
Take respectively by weight：12 parts of garden mould, 4 parts of wood sawdust, 0.2 part of fine sand, 1 part of clear water, mix homogeneously, mixing Soil.
6., prepared by filling soil：
Take respectively by weight：45 parts of garden mould, 5 parts of rapeseed cake, 18 parts of the animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 8 parts of Testa oryzae, 5 parts of fine sand, rattan This plant medicine dregs is (be by the medicinal residues mixing for waiting after the grape leaf of weight portion, Caulis Lonicerae, Flos Lonicerae, Caulis Hederae Sinensiies effective component extracting Form) 12 parts, 1.5 parts of trace element (be by etc. the ferrum of weight portion, phosphorus, zinc, selenium, magnesium mix)；
Its preparation process is as follows：
A, first Testa oryzae is ground into fineves more than 80 mesh, is then added in the boiling water of equivalent weight, soak 40min, mistake Filter, obtains Testa oryzae water and mixes thing；Again Testa oryzae water being mixed thing and water content is evaporated to for 50%, obtains Testa oryzae material；
B, again liana medicinal residues (moist) are first processed into 20 mesh fineves, then are added thereto to account for liana medicinal residues The microorganism species of weight 2.5% (are to wait the potassium solubilizing bacteria of weight portion, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, actinomycetes, the mixing of lactic acid bar Thing), mix；Then, 6 days are stood at 32 DEG C, then trace element is added thereto to, stir evenly, encapsulation process 8 days；Then, natural Dry in the shade to moisture reduce 40%, process liana medicinal residues material；
C, by garden mould, rapeseed cake, the animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fine sand and process liana medicinal residues material, Testa oryzae material mixing, i.e., Become filling soil.
7., prepared by filling table soil：
Take respectively by weight：8 parts of garden mould, fertilizer [the common fertilizer of commercial type, wherein：Quality of organic matter Fraction 45, mass fraction >=5.0 of total nutrient (nitrogen+phosphorus pentoxide+potassium oxide), similarly hereinafter] 0.3 part, 1 part of fertile soil, mixing Uniformly, filling table soil.
8., prepared by Light media：
Take respectively by weight：6 parts of rice husk, 8 parts of wood sawdust, rot 12 parts of straw, 35 parts of garden mould, 5 parts of shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel, become thoroughly decomposed 20 parts of animal manure, 25 parts of peat, 4 parts of fine sand；
Its preparation process is as follows：
A, by rice husk, shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel, rot straw be processed into respectively rice husk fine powders more than 60 mesh, shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel fine powder, rot Straw fine powder；
B, again by rice husk fine powder, shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel fine powder, rot straw fine powder and the blended machine of wood sawdust is mixed, obtain mixture Material；Add trichoderma, 18% sanitary wastewater for accounting for mixed material gross weight 3.5% again in mixed material, mix, in temperature For processing 8 days under conditions of 28 DEG C, relative humidity 75%, process mixed material is obtained；Add in process mixed material again and account for place The microorganism species of reason mixed material gross weight 5% (are to wait the potassium solubilizing bacteria of weight portion, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid The mixture of bacillus), temperature be 28 DEG C, under conditions of relative humidity 75%, sealing and fermenting is processed 8 days, obtains fermenting mixture Material；Then fermenting mixture material is dried in the shade to moisture and reduces 45%, reprocess into the mixing fines of more than 80 mesh；
C, garden mould, the animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, peat, fine sand and the mixing blended machine of fines are stirred evenly repeatedly, light base Matter.
9., prepared by mixed fertilizer：
Take respectively by weight：0.4 part of fertilizer, inorganic salt (be by etc. the sodium sulfate of weight portion, magnesium phosphate, calcium chloride, Ammonium chloride is mixed) 0.12 part, 5 parts of decomposed dung, 0.4 part of night soil, mix homogeneously, then 10 times are diluted with clear water, Mixed fertilizer.
2nd, cultivating process：
(i), oil tea cladus is cultivated：
1., branch selection is planted：
In existing camellia oleifera lam, the flourishing, cane of selection is sturdy, fruiting rate is high, the tea oil tree of no disease and pests harm, preferred color of choice Damp good, branch is straight, leaf is bud green, and newborn twig is used as kind of a branch within 1 year；
2., branch pretreatment is planted：
By the kind branch that plucks with 4/bundle, be put into concentration and 20min soaked for urging in root agent for 150ppm, thereafter, will pass through The kind branch for urging root agent to soak is put in silt slurry fixing, immersion 15h, keeps the temperature of silt slurry to be 26 DEG C, becomes pretreatment kind Branch；
3., branch transplanting is planted：
A, cultivation ground are selected：
The gradient is selected to be less than 10 degree, heliotropism is good, and the soil is porous, and soil thickness is in yellow soil or the sand soil of more than 35cm Earth is used as with treating cultivation；
B, readjustment of field plot：
A, groove of turning down the bed：To wait to deep-cut more than 25cm with cultivating, sort out the bed groove of wide 3-6m, long 8-15m；
B, filler：First in bed trench bottom, mixing river silt mud is put into, thickness is the 1/4 of groove depth；Again mixed soil is inserted mixed River muck surface is closed, thickness is the 2/4 of groove depth；Then will mixing topsoil fill up remaining space, leveling, wait to transplant Plot；
C, transplanting：
First in the bed groove in plot to be transplanted by line space be 40cm, strain spacing for 3cm excavation taper kind plant hole, cave depth For 18cm, a width of 15cm in cave；Again by pretreatment kind branch by 1/cave insertion kind plant hole, covered with soil, compacting, pour and determine root Water, while forming the prevention against water-logging ridge heap that the gradient is 8 ° around root, becomes kind of a branch cultivation Seedling；
D, management：
After pretreatment kind branch is transplanted, when temperature is at 20-30 DEG C, watered every 4 days, the water yield is 150ml/ strain；Every 6 days Fertilising, it is 80g/ strain that fertilizer is 20g/ strain or decomposed dung；
When temperature is more than 30 DEG C, watered every 2 days, the water yield is to apply fertilizer 350ml/ strain, every 5 days, and fertilizer is 20g/ strain or decomposed dung are 80g/ strain；
When temperature is below 20 DEG C, along line-spacing direction in the Caulis et Folium Oryzae of the above thickness of Waterlogged soil 3cm, one was poured every 3 days Secondary 28 DEG C of warm water, the water yield is 200ml/ strain；Applying fertilizer every 8 days, decomposed dung is applied for 300g/ strain；
4., cladus is selected：
When kind of branch cultivation Seedling is after the cultivation of 4 months, selection wherein growth situation is stable, no disease and pests harm, leaveves are bud green Kind branch, its new life, branch footpath more than 0.35cm twig as oil tea cladus；
(ii), grafting：
1., oil tea Root-stock selection：
Existing Seed of Camellia oleifera cultivate nursery in, growth selection situation is good, no disease and pests harm, ground footpath in more than 2.5cm, have The seedling of more than 2 sections cotyledons is used as stock；
2., anvil is cut：Carry out at 3cm above cotyledon petiole vertical cut, cut out length be 3cm, depth be a footpath 2/3 anvil mouth；
3., embedding fringe binding：The oil tea cladus that cuts is embedded in anvil mouth, cambium layer is directed at, appearance mixing soil cincture connects Mouth one is enclosed, and thickness is 1.2 times of diameter of stock, then with plastic sheeting around a circle, is covered soil, then used cord, become and transfer Seedlings picking；Then, according to Routine Management method, after 4 months, become grafting to be transplanted；
(iii), grafting is cultivated：
1., grafting is cultivated ground and selects and arrange：
A, grafting are cultivated ground and select：Gentle gradient is selected, the soil is porous, soil thickness is made in the yellow soil of more than 35cm Wait to cultivate ground for grafting；
B, grafting are cultivated ground and arrange：Grafting is waited to deep-cut more than 30cm with cultivating, the tree stump of removing forest or shrub, Weeds and stone, and while sort out the grafting groundbed groove to be cultivated of wide 4-7m, long 10-15m；
C, grafting groundbed groove to be cultivated is arranged：
Mixing river silt mud of the thickness in 4cm is stacked in bottom by a, elder generation, as bottom land, flattens；
B, again will be by straw ash：Quick lime presses 1:The mixed material that 0.4 part by weight is mixed is laid on mixing river silt Mud surface, thickness is 3cm；
C, filling soil is inserted the surface of mixed material again, thickness is the 2/3 of remaining space, leveling；
D, again with the thiophanate methyl solution that concentration is 600ppm, by 7ml/m2The ratio sprinkling on filling soil surface, so Afterwards, natural drying 3 days；
E, again filling table soil is filled up remaining space, leveling, become grafting bed groove to be planted；
2., grafting transplantation of seedlings：
A, open cave：The kind plant hole of excavation taper in the grafting bed groove to be planted of leveling, cave depth more than 20cm, spacing is 30cm, line-spacing is 45cm, a width of the 14cm in cave；
B, lifting：Grafting band soil to be transplanted is risen, and the Seedling soil weight of institute's adhesive tape is kept for 12 times, root of seedling weight It is length for 12cm, becomes grafting seedling to be transplanted；
C, plant：Grafting seedling to be transplanted being implanted in kind of plant hole, righting is compacted, then graft union extremely is covered with soil At the axillary bud of next-door neighbour, compacting, root water is poured, the water yield is 150ml/ strain, to become grafting seedling；
3., Managing small seeding：
After plant, when temperature is at 20-30 DEG C, watered every 4 days, the water yield is 150ml/ strain；Applied fertilizer every 6 days, organic Fertilizer for 20g/ strain or decomposed dung be；
When temperature is more than 30 DEG C, watered every 2 days, the water yield is to apply fertilizer 350ml/ strain, every 5 days, and fertilizer is 20g/ strain or decomposed dung are 80g/ strain；
When temperature is below 20 DEG C, along line-spacing direction in the Caulis et Folium Oryzae of the above thickness of Waterlogged soil 3cm, one was poured every 3 days Secondary 28 DEG C of warm water, the water yield is 280ml/ strain；Applying fertilizer every 8 days, decomposed dung is applied for 300g/ strain；
Other conventionally, after 3 months, become grafting seedling to be transplanted；
(iv), big seedling cultivation：
1., big seedling cultivation ground is selected and is arranged：
A, big seedling cultivation ground are selected：Gentle gradient is selected, the soil is porous, and soil thickness is in the soil of more than 35cm as big Seedling is waited to cultivate ground；
B, big seedling cultivation ground are arranged：
A, big seedling cultivation groundbed groove are arranged：Seedlings are waited to deep-cut 15cm with cultivating, sorts out wide 3-5m, the bed of long 6-10m Groove, leveling；
B, treat that kind of furrow are arranged：Light media is inserted in a groove, and 20cm above ground level, then bed groove surrounding with digging out Soil enclose thickness be 8cm, the gradient in 8 degree of oblique mound, native gauge pressure reality, become and treat kind of furrow；
C, dig cave：Using width plantation row breeding method excavation seedlings kind plant hole on kind of furrow are treated, the cave depth 25cm of narrow row, Spacing 30cm, line-spacing 40cm, a width of 18cm in cave；The cave depth 35cm of wide row, spacing and line-spacing are 1.8 times of narrow row, and cave is a width of 24cm；2 row's wide row are planted every 4 row's narrow rows, plant successively；
2., tree transplanted：
A, transplanted seedling are selected：Cultivate in the grafting seedling to be transplanted on ground in grafting, growth selection is stable, and cotyledon is bud green, No disease and pests harm, has the seedling of more than one section newborn cotyledon as treating transplanted seedling；
B, dig Seedling：Treat that transplanted seedling is dug out from nursery by selected, keep root system complete, the Seedling soil weight of adhesive tape is seedling 20 times of weight, become transplanted seedling；
C, tree transplanted：By the transplanted seedling for digging out by 1 plant/cave, be implanted in seedlings kind plant hole, then pressure filled up with Light media material Real, and the gradient is piled in 8 degree of ridge heap at root base, root water is poured, the water yield is 250ml/ strain, cover film booth, becomes shifting Plant seedlings；
3., seedlings management：
A, initial prophase management：Transplanting seedlings to plant in latter 4 months, a water being poured every 2 days, the water yield is per plant of 200ml, per Mixed fertilizer was poured every 4 days, consumption is 300g/ strain；It was the thiophanate methyl solution of 600ppm every 30 days to root spraying concentration, uses Measure as 60ml/ strain；
When temperature fine day more than 30 DEG C is met, the period at noon throws off thin film 2h, carries out seedling exercising；When meeting night temperature 15 When below DEG C, evening 21-24 point throws off thin film 2-4h, carries out seedling exercising；
B, initial final-period management：Tree transplanted being transplanted after 4 months, a water being poured every 4 days, the water yield is 400ml/ strain, per Mixed fertilizer was poured every 8 days, consumption is 420g/ strain；
When temperature fine day more than 30 DEG C is met, throwing off thin film daytime carries out seedling exercising, when chance night temperature is below 15 DEG C When, night throws off thin film seedling exercising；
C, middle and later periods management：Conventionally after plantation 1-2, branded oil tea seedling is become.
The breeding method of the branded oil tea seedling of the present invention, can be not only used for cultivating oil tea seedlings, it can also be used to other plant The cultivation of seedlings.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of breeding method of branded oil tea seedling, it is characterised in that cultivating process is as follows：
(i), oil tea cladus is cultivated：
1., branch selection is planted：
In existing camellia oleifera lam, the flourishing, cane of selection is sturdy, fruiting rate is high, the tea oil tree of no disease and pests harm, preferably color and luster Good, branch is straight, leaf is bud green, and newborn twig is used as kind of a branch within 1 year；
2., branch pretreatment is planted：
By the kind branch that plucks with 3-5 root/bundle, be put into concentration and 10-30min soaked for urging in root agent for 100-200ppm, thereafter, will Fixing through urging the kind branch that root agent is soaked to be put in silt slurry, 8-20h is soaked, is kept the temperature of silt slurry to be 24-30 DEG C, become Pretreatment kind branch；
3., branch transplanting is planted：
A, cultivation ground are selected：
The gradient is selected to be less than 10 degree, heliotropism is good, and the soil is porous, soil thickness is in yellow soil or the sandy soil work of more than 35cm For waiting to cultivate ground；
B, readjustment of field plot：
A, groove of turning down the bed：To wait to deep-cut more than 25cm with cultivating, sort out the bed groove of wide 3-6m, long 8-15m；
B, filler：First in bed trench bottom, mixing river silt mud is put into, thickness is the 1/4 of groove depth；Again mixed soil is inserted mixing river Muck surface, thickness is the 2/4 of groove depth；Then will mixing topsoil fill up remaining space, leveling, wait transplant ground Block；
C, transplanting：
First in the bed groove in plot to be transplanted by line space be 35-50cm, strain spacing for 25-35cm excavation taper kind plant hole, Cave is 15-20cm, a width of the 10-18cm in cave deeply；Again by pretreatment kind branch by 1/cave insertion kind plant hole, covered with soil, pressure Real, root water is poured, while the prevention against water-logging ridge heap that the gradient is for 5-10 ° is formed around root, becomes kind of a branch cultivation Seedling；
D, management：
After pretreatment kind branch is transplanted, when temperature is at 20-30 DEG C, watered every 3-5 days, the water yield is 100-200ml/ strain；Every Apply fertilizer within 5-8 days, it is 60-100g/ strain that fertilizer is 10-30g/ strain or decomposed dung；
When temperature is more than 30 DEG C, watered every 2-3 days, the water yield is to apply fertilizer 250-400ml/ strain, every 4-6 days, fertilizer Be 10-30g/ strain or decomposed dung be 60-100g/ strain；
When temperature is below 20 DEG C, in the Caulis et Folium Oryzae of the above thickness of Waterlogged soil 3cm or mulch film is added a cover along line-spacing direction, every 3- Pour within 4 days the warm water of 24-32 DEG C, the water yield be；Applying fertilizer every 7-9 days, decomposed dung is applied for 240-350g/ Strain；
4., cladus is selected：
When kind of branch cultivation Seedling is after the cultivation of 4 months, select wherein to grow the kind that situation is stable, no disease and pests harm, leaveves are bud green Branch, its new life, branch footpath more than 0.35cm twig as oil tea cladus；
(ii), grafting：
1., oil tea Root-stock selection：
Existing Seed of Camellia oleifera cultivate nursery in, growth selection situation is good, no disease and pests harm, ground footpath in more than 2.5cm, have 2 sections The seedling of above cotyledon is used as stock；
2., anvil is cut：Carry out at 3cm above cotyledon petiole vertical cut, cut out length be 2-3.5cm, depth be a footpath 2/3 anvil mouth；
3., embedding fringe binding：The oil tea cladus that cuts is embedded in anvil mouth, cambium layer is directed at, appearance mixing soil is around interface one Circle, thickness is 1-1.5 times of diameter of stock, then with plastic sheeting around a circle, covers soil, then use cord, become grafting Seedling；Then, according to Routine Management method, after 3-4 month, become grafting to be transplanted；
(iii), grafting is cultivated：
1., grafting is cultivated ground and selects and arrange：
A, grafting are cultivated ground and select：Select gentle gradient, the soil is porous, soil thickness more than 35cm yellow soil as transferring Seedlings picking is waited to cultivate ground；
B, grafting are cultivated ground and arrange：Grafting is waited to deep-cut more than 30cm with cultivating, removes tree stump, the weeds of forest or shrub And stone, and while sort out the grafting groundbed groove to be cultivated of wide 4-7m, long 10-15m；
C, grafting groundbed groove to be cultivated is arranged：
Mixing river silt mud of the thickness in 2-5cm is stacked in bottom by a, elder generation, as bottom land, flattens；
B, again will be by straw ash：Quick lime presses 1:(0.3-0.45) mixed material that part by weight is mixed is laid on mixing river Muck surface, thickness is 2-4cm；
C, filling soil is inserted the surface of mixed material again, thickness is the 2/3 of remaining space, leveling；
D, again with the thiophanate methyl solution that concentration is 500-700ppm, by 4-10ml/m2The ratio sprinkling on filling soil surface, Then, natural drying 2-4 days；
E, again filling table soil is filled up remaining space, leveling, become grafting bed groove to be planted；
2., grafting transplantation of seedlings：
A, open cave：Excavate the kind plant hole of taper, cave depth more than 20cm in the grafting bed groove to be planted of leveling, spacing be 35cm, line-spacing is 35-50cm, a width of the 12-16cm in cave；
B, lifting：Grafting band soil to be transplanted is risen, and the Seedling soil weight of institute's adhesive tape is kept for 8-15 times, root system of seedling weight Length is 8-16cm, becomes grafting seedling to be transplanted；
C, plant：Grafting seedling to be transplanted being implanted in kind of plant hole, righting is compacted, then graft union is covered and to next-door neighbour with soil Axillary bud at, compacting, pour root water, the water yield be 100-200ml/ strain, become grafting seedling；
3., Managing small seeding：
After plant, when temperature is at 20-30 DEG C, watered every 3-5 days, the water yield is 100-200ml/ strain；Applied fertilizer every 5-8 days, It is 60-100g/ strain that fertilizer is 10-30g/ strain or decomposed dung；
When temperature is more than 30 DEG C, watered every 2-3 days, the water yield is to apply fertilizer 250-400ml/ strain, every 4-6 days, fertilizer Be 10-30g/ strain or decomposed dung be 60-100g/ strain；
When temperature is below 20 DEG C, in the Caulis et Folium Oryzae of the above thickness of Waterlogged soil 3cm or mulch film is added a cover along line-spacing direction, every 3- Pour within 4 days the warm water of 24-32 DEG C, the water yield be；Applying fertilizer every 7-9 days, decomposed dung is applied for 240-350g/ Strain；
Other conventionally, after 2-3 month, become grafting seedling to be transplanted；
(iv), big seedling cultivation：
1., big seedling cultivation ground is selected and is arranged：
A, big seedling cultivation ground are selected：Gentle gradient is selected, the soil is porous, and soil thickness is treated as seedlings in the soil of more than 35cm Cultivate ground；
B, big seedling cultivation ground are arranged：
A, big seedling cultivation groundbed groove are arranged：Seedlings are waited to deep-cut 10-18cm with cultivating, sorts out wide 3-5m, the bed of long 6-10m Groove, leveling；
B, treat that kind of furrow are arranged：Light media is inserted in a groove, and 15-30cm above ground level, then bed groove surrounding with digging out Soil enclose thickness for 5-10cm, the gradient 5-10 degree oblique mound, native gauge pressure reality, become and treat kind of furrow；
C, dig cave：Using width plantation row breeding method excavation seedlings kind plant hole on kind of furrow are treated, the cave depth 20-35cm of narrow row, Spacing 20-35cm, line-spacing 30-50cm, a width of 15-18cm in cave；The cave depth 25-40cm of wide row, spacing and line-spacing are narrow row 1.5-2.0 again, a width of 20-25cm in cave；Wide row is arranged every 3-5 row narrow row plantation 2-3, plant successively；
2., tree transplanted：
A, transplanted seedling are selected：Cultivate in the grafting seedling to be transplanted on ground in grafting, growth selection is stable, and cotyledon is bud green, disease-free Insect pest, has the seedling of more than one section newborn cotyledon as treating transplanted seedling；
B, dig Seedling：Treat that transplanted seedling is dug out from nursery by selected, keep root system complete, the Seedling soil weight of adhesive tape is seedling weight 15-25 times, become transplanted seedling；
C, tree transplanted：By the transplanted seedling for digging out by 1 plant/cave, be implanted in seedlings kind plant hole, then compacting filled up with Light media material, And ridge heap of the gradient in 5-10 degree is piled at root base, and root water is poured, the water yield is 200-300ml/ strain, cover film booth, becomes For transplanting seedlings；
3., seedlings management：
A, initial prophase management：Transplanting 1-4 month after seedlings are planted, a water being poured every 2-3 days, the water yield is per plant of 150-250ml； Mixed fertilizer was poured every 3-5 days, consumption is 200-340g/ strain；It was the methyl of 500-700ppm every 30 days to root spraying concentration Thiophanate solution, consumption is 50-70ml/ strain；
When temperature fine day more than 30 DEG C is met, the period at noon throws off thin film 1-3h, carries out seedling exercising；When chance night temperature is at 15 DEG C When following, evening 21-24 point throws off thin film 2-4h, carries out seedling exercising；
B, initial final-period management：Tree transplanted being transplanted after 4 months, a water being poured every 3-6 days, the water yield is 300-450ml/ strain； Mixed fertilizer was poured every 5-10 days, consumption is 360-480g/ strain；
When temperature fine day more than 30 DEG C is met, throwing off thin film daytime carries out seedling exercising, when night temperature is met below 15 DEG C, evening Between throw off thin film seedling exercising；
C, middle and later periods management：Conventionally after plantation 1-2, branded oil tea seedling is become.
2. the breeding method of branded oil tea seedling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described urge root agent be by naphthalene acetic acid Sodium：The fresh fat of indole presses 1:(0.15-0.3) part by weight is mixed.
3. the breeding method of branded oil tea seedling according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that the silt slurry be by under The raw material of row weight portion is prepared from：
River silt mud 40-60 straw ash 3-9 quick lime 1-4
Thin river sand 2-5 inorganic salt 1-3 edible fungi heel 20-30；
Its preparation method is as follows：
A, first quick lime is slowly added in river silt mud, side edged is stirred, temperature be 30-45 DEG C, relative humidity is for 50-65%'s Under the conditions of quiet put 8-15h；Again by straw ash add river silt mud in, stir evenly, quiet under room temperature put 20-35h, river silt mud must be mixed；
B, by edible fungi heel crush, cross 100 mesh with upper screen cloth, obtain edible fungi heel fine powder；
C, by above-mentioned mixing river silt mud, thin river sand, edible fungi heel fine powder and inorganic salt mix homogeneously, become compound, then Add and account for the clear water of 1-2 times of weight of compound, stir evenly, silt slurry；
D, described inorganic salt include one or more in sodium sulfate, magnesium phosphate, calcium chloride, ammonium chloride, when for two or more When, the weight proportion of each component is equal portions or other ratios.
4. the breeding method of branded oil tea seedling according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The mixed soil be by soil： Rotten leaveves：Shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel powder：Become thoroughly decomposed animal fertilizer：Microorganism species press (5-10):(1-3):(0.2-0.5):(2-6):(0.01- 0.1) part by weight is mixed；Described microorganism species include potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bar In one or more, when for two or more when, the weight proportion of each component is equal portions or other ratios.
5. the breeding method of branded oil tea seedling according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Described mixing topsoil be by Garden mould：Biological organic fertilizer：Edible fungi heel presses (5-10):(0.2-0.35):1 part by weight is mixed.
6. the breeding method of branded oil tea seedling according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The mixing soil Shi You garden Soil：Wood sawdust：Fine sand：Clear water presses (10-15):(3-5):0.2：1 part by weight is mixed.
7. the breeding method of branded oil tea seedling according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the filling soil be by following The raw material of weight portion is prepared from：
Garden mould 40-50 rapeseed cake 3-7 becomes thoroughly decomposed animal manure 15-20
Testa oryzae 5-10 fine sand 3-7 liana medicinal residues 10-15
Trace element 0.5-2.5；
Its preparation process is as follows：
1., first Testa oryzae is ground into fineves more than 80 mesh, is then added in the boiling water of equivalent weight, soak 30-45min, mistake Filter, obtains Testa oryzae water and mixes thing；Again Testa oryzae water being mixed thing and water content is evaporated to for 35-60%, obtains Testa oryzae material；
2., again liana medicinal residues are first processed into 10-30 mesh fines, then are added thereto to account for liana medicinal residues weight 1.5- 3.5% microorganism species, mix；Then, 4-8 days are stood at 28-36 DEG C, then trace element is added thereto to, stir evenly, close Envelope is processed 5-10 days；Then, dry in the shade naturally to moisture reduce 30-45%, process liana medicinal residues material；
3., by garden mould, rapeseed cake, the animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, fine sand and process liana medicinal residues material, the mixing of Testa oryzae material, Filling soil；
4., the microorganism species include one or more in potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, actinomycetes, lactic acid bar, when For two or more when, the weight proportion of each component is equal portions or other ratios；The trace element includes ferrum, phosphorus, zinc, selenium, magnesium In one or more, when for two or more when, the weight proportion of each component is equal portions or other ratios；The liana medicine Cinder ladle includes grape leaf, Caulis Lonicerae, Flos Lonicerae, the medicinal residues after one or more effective component extracting in Caulis Hederae Sinensiies, when for two kinds When above, the weight proportion of each component is equal portions or other ratios.
8. the breeding method of branded oil tea seedling according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The filling Biao Tushiyou garden Soil：Fertilizer：Fertile soil presses (5-10):(0.2-0.35):1 part by weight is mixed.
9. the breeding method of branded oil tea seedling according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the Light media be by following heavy The raw material of amount part is prepared from：
Rice husk 3-8 wood sawdust 5-10 rots straw 10-15
Garden mould 30-40 shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel 3-7 becomes thoroughly decomposed animal manure 15-25
Peat 20-30 fine sand 2-5；
Its preparation process is as follows：
A, by rice husk, shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel, rot straw be processed into respectively rice husk fine powders more than 60 mesh, shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel fine powder, rot straw Fine powder；
B, again by rice husk fine powder, shell of Camelliaoleifera Abel fine powder, rot straw fine powder and the blended machine of wood sawdust is mixed, obtain mixed material； Add trichoderma, the sanitary wastewater of 10-25% for accounting for mixed material gross weight 2.5-4.5% again in mixed material, mix, Temperature is 20-35 DEG C, processes 5-10 days under conditions of relative humidity 70-85%, obtains process mixed material；Again to process mixture In material add account for process mixed material gross weight 3.5-6.5% microorganism species, temperature be 20-35 DEG C, relative humidity 70- Under conditions of 85%, sealing and fermenting is processed 5-10 days, obtains fermenting mixture material；Then fermenting mixture material is dried in the shade and subtracts to moisture Few 35-50%, reprocesses into the mixing fines of more than 80 mesh；
C, garden mould, the animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, peat, fine sand and the mixing blended machine of fines are stirred evenly repeatedly, Light media；
D, the microorganism species include one or more in potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, actinomycetes, lactobacilluss, when For two or more when, the weight proportion of each component is equal portions or other ratios.
10. the breeding method of branded oil tea seedling according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：The mixed fertilizer be by organic Fertilizer：Inorganic salt：Decomposed dung：Night soil presses (0.3-0.5):(0.1-0.15):(3-6):(0.3-0.5) part by weight is mixed Closing, then 8-15 times is diluted with clear water forms；Described inorganic salt includes the one kind in sodium sulfate, magnesium phosphate, calcium chloride, ammonium chloride Or multiple, when for two or more when, the weight proportion of each component is equal portions or other ratios.
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