CN104968854A - 利用光发热的织物薄片 - Google Patents
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/73—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof
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- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
- D06N3/0063—Inorganic compounding ingredients, e.g. metals, carbon fibres, Na2CO3, metal layers; Post-treatment with inorganic compounds
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- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/30—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used using chemical colour formers
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- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
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- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/40—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used characterised by the base backcoat, intermediate, or covering layers, e.g. for thermal transfer dye-donor or dye-receiver sheets; Heat, radiation filtering or absorbing means or layers; combined with other image registration layers or compositions; Special originals for reproduction by thermography
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/73—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof
- D06M11/74—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof with carbon or graphite; with carbides; with graphitic acids or their salts
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- D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
- D06M23/16—Processes for the non-uniform application of treating agents, e.g. one-sided treatment; Differential treatment
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- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
- D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
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- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
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- D06P1/004—Dyeing with phototropic dyes; Obtaining camouflage effects
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- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
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- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
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Abstract
本发明提供一种利用光发热的织物薄片。该织物单元包括:位于所述织物的一个表面之上的具有圆点形或条形形状的发热单元,和不与所述发热单元交叠的非发热单元。所述发热单元通过涂覆圆点形或条形形状的碳纳米管或第4族金属的碳化物而形成。根据本发明的利用光发热的织物薄片具有通过将诸如太阳能电池的光转变为热能的卓越的发热效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用光发热的织物薄片(a heating textile sheet usinglight),更具体地,是涉及一种通过有效地将光(例如太阳能电池)转变为热能而具有高的发热效率的利用光发热的织物薄片。
背景技术
保暖可分为两种原理。一种是防止热量从身体被散发到外部,而另一种是主动地从外部向身体施加热量。前者是利用绝热方法通过织物的空气层来隔绝来自身体的热量,利用使用红外反射材料的方法不从身体向服装外部发散辐射热量,以及利用吸收身体辐射能量的材料。后者是利用在包纱中的电发热材料、化学反应发热-加温材料、和太阳能电池储藏-发热材料。
在利用空气层的绝热方法中,增加织物的厚度导致减少活性。上述提及的其它方法由于洗烫或耐久性的降低而未得以广泛利用。
其中,热导率(thermal conductivity)定义为在恒稳态条件下且当热量传输仅取决于温度梯度时,由于单位温度梯度引起的、在垂直于单位区域的一个表面的方向上经由一单位厚度所传送的热量。各向同性的材料的热导率是无向量的,各向异性的材料的热导率是张量。特别地,金属由于自由电子的热传导性而具有高的热导率,且热导率和电导率之间的关系满足威德曼-弗朗兹定律(Wiedemann-Franz Law)。热导率受到密度、比热和粘度的影响。例如,具有高热导率的亚麻纤维是冷却纤维,和具有低热导率的羊毛是保暖纤维。
韩国专利公开文献KR No.1991-3210公开了一种制造具有优良的除臭和绝热性能的涂层织物的方法。具体而言,上述专利涉及制造涂层织物的方法,该方法通过烧结和研磨使用二甲基甲酰胺作为溶剂且含30±1%固体的聚氨酯溶液、20%-80%的微斜长石、5%-20%的氧化铍、5%-15%的氧化锌、5%-15%的氧化锡和沸石A而得到的微粒混合物来在合成织物的表面上形成一个涂层。在这一制造方法中,所述涂层是形成于该织物上,因此存在洗涤和耐久性的缺点。
此外,国际公布No.WO2002/34988公开了一种至少部分地由导电纱制得的保暖织物,以从电源产生热量。所述织物包括至少一导电纱和具有正温度系数的保温纱。这个专利的缺点在于需要额外的发电结构,降低了衣料的通用性。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明致力于解决上述问题,且本发明的一个目的在于提供一种适用于服装而无需额外设备即具有卓越的热辐射的发热织物薄片。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种利用光发热的织物薄片,所述织物薄片通过吸收光(例如太阳能电池)产生热而具有卓越的发热效率且是环境友好的。
技术方案
依照本发明的实施方式,利用光发热的织物薄片包括发热单元和非发热单元,所述发热单元位于所述织物薄片的一个表面上且具有圆点形或条形形状,所述非发热单元不与所述发热单元交叠。所述发热单元通过涂覆圆点形或条形形状的碳纳米管(CNT)或第4族金属的碳化物(group-4metal carbide)而形成。
依照本发明的实施方式,发热单元是通过将碳纳米管和粘结剂进行混合来涂覆。
依照本发明的实施方式,非发热单元是染色或涂覆作为温度敏感的色变颜料。
依照本发明的实施方式,温度敏感的色变颜料于5℃-40℃的温度时变色且在变色后具有与发热单元相同的颜色。
依照本发明的实施方式,温度敏感的色变颜料于5℃-40℃的温度时变色且在变色前具有与发热单元相同的颜色。
有益效果
根据本发明,该利用光发热的织物薄片利用碳纳米管(CNT)或第4族金属的碳化物的优良的发热性能,通过将吸收的光(例如太阳能电池)转变为热能,而具有卓越的发热效率。
此外,根据本发明的发热织物薄片具有使用碳纳米管(CNT)或第4族金属的碳化物的内在的纹理特征。
附图说明
图1示出根据本发明的利用光发热的织物薄片的具有圆点形形状的发热单元。
图2示出根据本发明的利用光发热的织物薄片的具有条形形状的发热单元。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图在下文中更为详尽地描述本发明的实施方式,其中示出本发明的各实施例。但是,本发明可以以很多不同的形式得以实施,且不应被解释为受限于在此文中所列的这些实施例。更确切地,提供这些实施例以使得本公开将是完全和完整的,且将向本领域技术人员充分地传达本发明的范围。全文中,相同的数字代表同样的部件。
如在此所使用,术语“大约”、“基本上”等旨在允许在数学精确度上留有一些余地以解释行业中可接受的误差,并防止任何不负责任的违反者不正当地利用为了帮助理解本发明而给出了确切或绝对数值的本公开文本。
如在此所使用,术语“织物”意图包括编织或针织所得的制品、无纺布、纤维网状物等。
图1示出根据本发明的利用光发热的织物薄片的具有圆点形形状的发热单元。图2示出根据本发明的利用光发热的织物薄片的具有条形形状的发热单元。
本发明涉及一种利用光发热的织物薄片10,该织物薄片10包括位于织物的一个表面上的具有藉由光的发热功能的发热单元100。
如图1和图2所示,根据本发明的利用光发热的织物薄片10包括位于织物的一个表面上的具有圆点形或条形形状的发热单元100,以及不与该发热单元交叠的非发热单元200。
发热单元吸收光以产生热,且优选通过涂覆碳纳米管(CNT)或第4族金属的碳化物而形成。
CNT是一种碳同素异形体,并由于其优良的电性能而成为优于现有的静电抑制材料的新式防静电材料。在石墨片层内部,碳-碳键形成六边形并卷成圆柱体。CNT的直径通常可在介于1-100纳米的范围变化。
取决于管壁的数量,纳米管分为单壁纳米管(SWNT)、双壁纳米管(DWNT)和多壁纳米管(MWNT)。在世界上很少生产的SWNT具有比MWNT更为优良的性能。SWNT的电阻值和载流能力分别是铜的1/100和1000倍。
CNT的热导率是在自然界具有最高热导率的金刚石的2倍。此外,CNT还具有优良的化学稳定性,例如对酸、碱、还原剂等具有抗性。由于强碳-碳键,CNT的机械性能是高强度合金的50-100倍。CNT具有在其壁中包括细小孔洞和中空结构的六边形蜂巢结构,因此CNT有很大的表面积。
如果本发明的CNT的尺寸小于2nm,热性能可能会降低。如果本发明的CNT的尺寸超出10nm,织物触感可能会变差。因此,优选本发明的CNT的尺寸介于2nm至10nm的范围。
第4族金属的碳化物是周期表中IV族的过渡族金属的碳化物。
第4族金属的碳化物吸收波长0.3μm-2μm的光能,是太阳能电池的主要组成。此外,第4族金属的碳化物执行转变吸收到的光能被将其辐射为波长0.3μm-2μm的热能,以及反射从身体辐射出的约波长10μm的热能的功能。
第4族金属的碳化物的实例是碳化锆、碳化铪、钛等等,且优选的是碳化锆、碳化铪和钛的其中之一,或两种或以上这些物质的混合物。
第4族金属的碳化物可以用作粉末。如果该粉末的平均粒径超过20μm,该织物薄片的触感可能会降低。出于这个原因,优选第4族金属的碳化物的粉末不超过20μm。
将CNT或第4族金属的碳化物与丙烯酸类粘合剂、聚氨酯类粘合剂以及硅类粘合剂进行混合。然后,如图1和图2所示,通过印刷或层压法将CNT或第4族金属的碳化物与粘合剂的混合物以圆点形或条形的形状涂覆到织物薄片的一侧,以形成发热单元。
在形成发热单元之后,用于本发明的织物薄片不易被染色。优选地,制备预-染色的织物薄片。
织物薄片的美感或功能性,非发热单元200可在没有形成发热单元的区域上被染色或涂覆作为温度敏感的色变颜料。
温度敏感的色变颜料是在特定温度下显色的颜料。如果这一颜料吸收热量,该颜料的组成结构会发生改变而逐渐显色或者脱色。与之相反,如果该颜料阻滞了热量,该颜料的组成结构会逆转变回最初的组成结构而脱色或显色。通常,这种温度敏感的色变颜料的原料是供电子的正色性有机组分,且由发射电子的供体和接受电子的受体所组成。通过这些成分的相互作用,原料显示出晶体结构的颜色。如果施用热量,受体被隔离并且没有进行相互作用,以至于颜色消失。
温度敏感的色变颜料包括供电子的正色性有机组分和电子受体组分。该颜料对外部环境敏感,尤其是对氧和湿度特别敏感。因此,优选采用涂覆低温热塑树脂。经由微封装工艺时,优选采用微胶囊形式。
此外,可以通过在微胶囊中加入显色剂和温控蜡来呈现温度敏感的色变颜料的颜色改变。
而且,通过在温度敏感的色变颜料显色的温度下所显示出的普通颜料和温度敏感的色变颜料的混合颜色可以变化出各种颜色。
优选的是,由于温度敏感的色变颜料根据人体热量或环境温度变色,因此优选在5℃-40℃的温度变色。
出于审美考虑,非发热单元的温度敏感的色变颜料在变色之后具有与发热单元同样的颜色。在变色之前,该非发热单元在所述织物薄片上形成图案,而在变色之后使得该图案消失。
在变色之前,非发热单元的温度敏感的色变颜料具有与发热单元同样的颜色。因此,在变色之前,该非发热单元的温度敏感的色变颜料与仅染色的图案是相同的,但在变色之后,该非发热单元可以在所述织物薄片上形成图案。
为了改善可加工性,对于根据本发明的利用光发热的织物薄片中所用的织物薄片优选地进行亲水处理(hydrophylizing process)。该亲水处理可以是以广为使用的方式进行。
如上所述,温度敏感的色变颜料可以用在染色工艺中。通过染色工艺,可以在织物薄片的非发热单元上涂覆颜色。
预先形成非发热单元之后,可以利用印刷或层压法将CNT或第4族金属的碳化物与粘结剂进行混合而在织物薄片上形成发热单元。
粘合剂可以是丙烯酸类粘合剂、聚氨酯类粘合剂或硅类粘合剂。
CNT或第4族金属的碳化物与粘合剂的混合比例可以是30:70-70:30的重量比。优选的是,涂覆的CNT或第4族金属的碳化物与粘合剂的混合比例为5-50o.w.f(基于织物的重量)。
如果发热单元是由CNT形成,优选以20:80-50:50的重量比混合SWNT和MWNT用于赋予该发热单元热贮藏功能。
优选的是,利用上述提及的用于织物薄片触感的各涂层方法中的印刷法来形成发热单元。
本发明的方式
在此,当结合现被认为是最可行的和最为优选的实施方式对本发明进行描述时,应理解的是本发明并不局限于这些已公开的实施方式。
实施例
实施例1
以1:1的重量比将CNT和聚氨酯类粘结剂进行混合,然后通过滚印方式涂覆到有凸起的棕色护腿织物的一侧上,以形成包括CNT的黑色发热单元和不含CNT的非发热单元。
实施例2
除了在织物薄片的一侧上涂覆于15℃从黑色变色为粉色的温度敏感的色变颜料以外,以与实施例1同样的方式制造利用光发热的织物薄片,将CNT和聚氨酯类粘合剂涂覆于其上,以形成包括CNT的发热单元和温度敏感的色变颜料组成的非发热单元。
利用光发热的评价实验
实验方法
1.实验室中的温度和湿度:(24±2)℃,(40±5)%R.H.
2.平衡样品以使之具有与实验室同样的温度。
3.距样品30cm开启500w的灯,从而在该样品上引起光照-发热,并将温度计附于该样品的背面以测量温度。
A.光照发热的测定
通过上述实验方法,测定出实施例和对照实施例的织物薄片的光照发热。实验结果记录于下表1中。
表1
由表1可以看出,在实施例1和实施例2中,开启灯,同时,温度在短时间内急剧上升。发现,相较于实施例,在对照实施例中织物薄片的温度是逐渐地上升,经过20分钟以后,存在着超过9℃的温度差异。
B.洗涤后的光照发热的测定
在将各实施例的利用光发热的织物薄片和有凸起的护腿织物洗涤20次后,进行同样的测试以测定对照实施例洗涤后的光照发热。实验结果记录于下表2中。
表2
由表2可以看出,在实施例1和实施例2中,开启灯,同时,温度在短时间内急剧上升。发现,相较于对照实施例,经过20分钟以后,存在着超过7℃的温度差异。因此,根据本发明的利用光发热的织物薄片在洗涤后具有优良的光照-发热效能。
虽然在此参照前面的实施方式和附图对本发明进行了描述,但是本发明的范围由后附的权利要求书限定。因此,本领域的技术人员将理解,在不背离在所附的权利要求书中公开的本发明的精神的情况下,各种替换、修改和改变是可能的。应当理解的是,这样的替换、修改和改变在本发明的范围内。
特别是,当然也应被理解,虽然全文仅提及智能化穿戴,但是本发明的导电织物也可被用作电路板或电子装置的一个部件。
Claims (4)
1.一种利用光发热的织物薄片,包括:位于所述织物薄片的一个表面上的具有圆点形或条形形状的发热单元,和不与所述发热单元交叠的非发热单元,其中所述发热单元是通过涂覆圆点形或条形形状的碳纳米管或第4族金属的碳化物而形成的。
2.根据权利要求1的发热的织物薄片,其中所述非发热单元被染色或涂覆作为温度敏感的色变颜料。
3.根据权利要求2的发热的织物薄片,其中所述温度敏感的色变颜料于5℃-40℃的温度时变色且在变色后具有与所述发热单元相同的颜色。
4.根据权利要求2的发热的织物薄片,其中所述温度敏感的色变颜料于5℃-40℃的温度时变色且在变色前具有与所述发热单元相同的颜色。
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