CN106670229A - Ecological restoration method of tailings reservoir - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method of tailings reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- CN106670229A CN106670229A CN201710122759.0A CN201710122759A CN106670229A CN 106670229 A CN106670229 A CN 106670229A CN 201710122759 A CN201710122759 A CN 201710122759A CN 106670229 A CN106670229 A CN 106670229A
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- tailings dam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological restoration method of a tailings reservoir. The method comprises the steps as follows: S1: closing the tailings reservoir and measuring the size of the tailings reservoir; S2: pumping dry water in the reservoir; S3: air drying the tailings reservoir; S4: leveling the tailings reservoir, and adding a stabilizer to the tailings reservoir for neutralization; S5: filling the tailings reservoir with soil and performing rotary tillage; S6: planting crops. The ecological restoration method of the tailings reservoir can reduce the influence of structural characteristics of tailings on the crops, restores the ecological environment of the abandoned tailings reservoir, and returns the field to agriculture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of biological recovery of Mine Abandoned Land, more particularly to a kind of ecological recovery of Tailings Dam
Method.
Background technology
With expanding economy, the demand of mineral products increases substantially, and Mining Development scale is increased therewith, the tail of output
Ore deposit quantity is also continuously increased.In addition many available metallic ores and chemical industry nonmetallic ore grade are increasingly reduced, in order to meet ore deposit
The growing demand of product, ore dressing scale is increasing, and the milltailings quantity of output also rolls up.At present, except few portion
Mine tailing is divided to be obtained by outer, such as laying road, considerable mine tailing all can only be stored up, and take a large amount of soils, and with tail
The increase of ore deposit quantity, and the low situation of Mine Tailings Utilization, still in continuation, the quantity of land occupation will continue increase.
Tailings Dam is that mine concentration produces indispensable facility.The Tailings Dam of mining area surface, not only occupies a large amount of
Soil and farmland, and Tailings Dam surface is exposed in air throughout the year, in arid season and the summer of sweltering heat, due to temperature
High, moisture evaporation is fast, makes mine tailing surface usually be in dry state.Especially be located in gully it is distinguished and admirable among mine tailing, when running into one
The gully of subduing the wind syndrome speed is distinguished and admirable, may result in generation " sandstorm ", severe contamination environment of mining area.When wind speed is more than 5m/s, may be used also
Wear phenomena of blowing sand can be caused, make the plant near Tailings Dam be subjected to destruction.Moreover, at the same Tailings Dam flow out it is useless
Water is contaminated also surrounding area.
For the Tailings Dam for having disabled, need to carry out ecological recovery to Tailings Dam, also Tian Yunong, and improve ecological ring
Border.At present, limit Tailings Dam ecological recovery factor mainly have it is following some：
1st, heavy metal and other pollutant loads are high.Under normal circumstances, in the solid waste of mine containing substantial amounts of copper, lead,
The heavy metal elements such as zinc, cadmium.The relation of presence with the plant growing of these elements is very big, when these heavy metal elements are present on a small quantity
When, plant production can be promoted as the nutrient substance in soil；But in the presence of these element excess, just become the poison of plant
Property material, it is unfavorable to plant growing, especially in the presence of various excessive metallic element excess, due to toxicity collaboration make
With its growth harm to plant is dramatically increased.
2nd, Acidity of Aikalinity is strong and changes big.Most plants suitable growth is in neutral soil.When the pH value in solid waste surpasses
When 8.5, then in strong basicity, most plants can be made to wither；When pH value is less than 4, then in highly acid, plant growing is had strongly
Inhibitory action.
3rd, plant nutrient substance content is low.Plant normal growth needs multiple element, and the wherein element such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium can not
Less than normal amount, otherwise plant cannot normal growth.Typically all lack soilo stucture and Organic substance in the solid waste of mine, no
These nutrients can be preserved.
4th, solid waste surface is unstable.Because mine solid waste consolidates poor performance, it is easy to by wind, water and air
Erosion.After especially mine tailing weathers, its surface occurs etched groove and crack, causes the table soil being covered on mine tailing and barren rock
Layer is broken, and due to the effect of gravity, topsoil is possible to wriggle, therefore, the stability of topsoil is very low.And topsoil
Unstability and mobility, can seriously destroy the normal growth of plant.
In view of the foregoing, it is necessary to the structure and characteristic for mine tailing in During Process of Ecological Restoration, develop a kind of to mining area
The ecological recovery method in discarded tailing storehouse, overcomes illeffectss of the mine tailing to plant, to be more conducive to ecodevelopment.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of ecological recovery method of Tailings Dam, to solve asking for above-mentioned prior art presence
Topic, to reduce the impact of the architectural characteristic to crops of mine tailing, recovers the ecological environment in discarded tailing storehouse, also Tian Yunong.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following scheme：
The invention provides a kind of ecological recovery method of Tailings Dam, comprises the steps：
S1：Close Tailings Dam and measure the size of Tailings Dam；
S2：Drain water in storehouse；
S3：Natural air drying Tailings Dam；
S4：Smooth mine tailing, and addition stabilizer is neutralized process in mine tailing；
S5：Soil and rotary tillage are filled in Tailings Dam；
S6：Planting Crops.
Preferably, in step S2, water in storehouse is introduced into labyrinth type sedimentation tank, water Jing labyrinth types sedimentation tank precipitation in storehouse
Afterwards, supernatant is pumped out via water pump is lifted, and is used for production cycle；Deposit periodic cleaning is discharged.
Preferably, in step S4, using scraper mine tailing is renovated, by mine tailing renovate it is smooth after, add stable in mine tailing
Agent carries out acid-base neutralization process.
Preferably, if Tailings Dam alkalescence Tailings Dam, stabilizer then adopts sulphide ore fragment；If Tailings Dam acidity mine tailing
Storehouse, stabilizer then adopts limestone chip.
Preferably, the ballast grain sizes of sulphide ore fragment and limestone chip are 6~8mm.
Preferably, step S5 fills soil in Tailings Dam and rotary tillage comprises the steps：
Geomembrane is laid on mine tailing after smooth, geomembrane is HDPE film, and thickness is 1.5mm；
Barrier layer is filled on geomembrane, the material of barrier layer is bentonite, and thickness is 300mm；
Subsoil is filled on barrier layer, the material of subsoil is clay, and thickness is 800~1000mm；
Topsoil is filled on subsoil, the material of topsoil is clay, and thickness is 200~300mm；
Rotary tillage is carried out to the topsoil for filling by mechanical rotary tillage equipment.
Preferably, while subsoil is filled, substrate adulterant is sowed by ribbon conveyer, substrate adulterant is grass
The mixture of charcoal, quartz sand and sawdust composition, the weight ratio of turf, quartz sand and sawdust is 1:1:1；Subsoil and substrate are admixed
The weight ratio of agent is 20:1.
Preferably, compound is sowed while rotary tillage topsoil and matches somebody with somebody nutrition with nutrient soil modifying agent, topsoil and compound
The weight ratio of soil conditioner is 20:1, compound is matched somebody with somebody the composition and its weight portion of nutrient soil modifying agent and is：
40 parts of turf
10 parts of flyash
15 parts of quartz sand
16 parts of phillipsite
10 parts of bentonite
Trace element zinc, boron, manganese, molybdenum, copper and ferrum are each 1.5 parts.
Preferably, in step S6, crops are fruit tree, and the kind of fruit tree is mandarin tree, and the line-spacing of mandarin tree is 5.0m, strain
Away from for 1.2~1.5m；Mandarin tree is digged pit plantation, and the size in hole is 50cm × 50cm × 50cm, and applies fertilizer in hole, is planted
Pour permeable after upper mandarin tree.
Preferably, fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:1:1, nitrogenous fertilizer is carbamide, phosphorus
Fertilizer is calcium and magnesium phosphorus, and potash fertilizer is potassium phosphate.
The present invention achieves following technique effect relative to prior art：The present invention is by smooth mine tailing and and in mine tailing
Addition stabilizer, then in Tailings Dam adds soil again, can reduce the shadow of the strong acid or strong alkali environment of mine tailing to crops
Ring.And by proportion of crop planting in the soil for filling again, crops can be made to obtain more preferable primary growth environment, be conducive to
Crops survive and develop.The present invention is by smooth Tailings Dam and fills soil and Planting Crops, realizes discarded to mining area
The restoration of the ecosystem of Tailings Dam, enables Tailings Dam to be applied to again and cultivates, and has reached the technique effect of also Tian Yunong.
Description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to institute in embodiment
The accompanying drawing that needs are used is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some enforcements of the present invention
Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without having to pay creative labor, can be with according to these accompanying drawings
Obtain other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is the profile after the Tailings Dam ecological recovery of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Wherein, 1- mine tailings, 2- building films, 3- barrier layers, 4- subsoils, 5- topsoils, 6- mandarin trees.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than the embodiment of whole.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of ecological recovery method of Tailings Dam, to solve asking for above-mentioned prior art presence
Topic, to reduce the impact of the architectural characteristic to crops of mine tailing, recovers the ecological environment in discarded tailing storehouse, also Tian Yunong.
Embodiment 1：The present embodiment provides a kind of ecological recovery method of Tailings Dam for Pb-Zn tailings storehouse, including as follows
Step：
S1：Close Tailings Dam and measure the size of Tailings Dam.
S2：Drain water in storehouse；Preferably, water in storehouse is introduced into labyrinth type sedimentation tank, water Jing labyrinth types are sunk in storehouse
After the precipitation of shallow lake pond, supernatant is pumped out via water pump is lifted, and is used for production cycle；Deposit periodic cleaning is discharged.
S3：Natural air drying Tailings Dam.
S4：Smooth mine tailing 1, and add stabilizer in mine tailing 1；Preferably, mine tailing 1 is renovated using scraper, by mine tailing 1
After regulation is smooth, adding stabilizer in mine tailing 1 carries out acid-base neutralization process.For the Pb-Zn tailings storehouse in the present embodiment, lead
The pH value of zinc mine tailing is typically about 5.05, and the preferred limestone chip of stabilizer, the particle diameter of limestone chip is preferably 6~8mm, often
The mu amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 113kg.Limestone chip is equably spread fertilizer over the fields in Pb-Zn tailings, process is neutralized, by Pb-Zn tailings
PH value is improved to 6.5 by 5.05.These limestone chips can not only be neutralized reaction, change the property of Pb-Zn tailings, and
The structure of " soil " of the linking of mine tailing 1 can be improved, plant growing is more beneficial for.
S5：Soil and rotary tillage are filled in Tailings Dam；Specifically include following steps：
Geomembrane 2 is laid on mine tailing 1 after smooth, geomembrane 2 is HDPE film, and thickness is 1.5mm；
Barrier layer 3 is filled on geomembrane 2, the material of barrier layer 3 is bentonite, and thickness is 300mm；
Fill subsoil 4 on barrier layer 3, the material of subsoil 4 is clay, thickness is 800~1000mm, subsoil 4
Can gather materials on the spot, excavate from neighbouring soil；While subsoil 4 are filled, preferably base is sowed by ribbon conveyer
Matter adulterant, substrate adulterant is turf, the mixture that quartz sand and sawdust are constituted, the weight ratio of turf, quartz sand and sawdust
For 1:1:1；The weight ratio of subsoil 4 and substrate adulterant is 20:1, substrate adulterant act as increase soil unit weight and
Voidage, improves the content of moisture and air, is allowed to be more suitable for plant root growth；
Fill topsoil 5 on subsoil 4, the material of topsoil 5 is clay, thickness is 200~300mm, topsoil 5
Can gather materials on the spot, excavate from neighbouring soil；
Rotary tillage is carried out to the topsoil 5 for filling by mechanical rotary tillage equipment；Preferably sow while rotary tillage topsoil 5 multiple
Mixture nutrient soil modifying agent, composition of the compound with nutrient soil modifying agent and its weight portion are：
40 parts of turf
10 parts of flyash
15 parts of quartz sand
16 parts of phillipsite
10 parts of bentonite
Trace element zinc, boron, manganese, molybdenum, copper and ferrum are each 1.5 parts；
Turf plays soil remediation effect；Flyash plays pH value mitigation；Quartz sand and phillipsite play chelation；
Bentonite is additive；The nutrition of trace element zinc, boron, manganese, molybdenum, copper and ferrum to plant root has invigoration effect.Compound is matched somebody with somebody
The effect of nutrient soil modifying agent is that the soil to recovering carries out depth remodeling, to improve and recover soil function and improve farming
Produce amount.
S6：Planting Crops；Crops are preferably fruit tree, and the kind of fruit tree is preferably mandarin tree 6, the line-spacing of mandarin tree 6
For 5.0m, spacing in the rows is 1.2~1.5m；Mandarin tree 6 is digged pit plantation, and the size in hole is 50cm × 50cm × 50cm, and is applied in hole
Plus fertilizer；Fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the weight ratio preferably 1 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium:1:1, nitrogenous fertilizer is preferably carbamide, phosphorus
Fertilizer is preferably calcium and magnesium phosphorus, and potash fertilizer is preferably potassium phosphate；Pour permeable after mandarin tree 6 in plantation.
The moisture of citrus orchard and the method for nutrient management are：
Water management：
The spring tip sprouts big to liquid manure demand to florescence (annual 3~May) and fruit expanding period (annual 7~October),
Pour water in time when arid, irrigation quantity is determined by tree body size and weather conditions, bearing tree in per plant of daily irrigation quantity of Summer Drought not
Less than 60 kilograms, soil water content should be maintained at the 60~80% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil.The irrigation period of megathermal period preferably exists
Early morning and dusk are carried out.Pouring water can be carried out with reference to fertilising.
Nutrient management：
A, base manure (fruit picking fertilizer, winter top dressing), fertilizing time is generally before and after fruit picking in 7~10 days and applies fertilizer.Now mercury dropped,
Root system mobility is poor, and absorbability is weak, should be based on fertilizer.Winter top dressing accounts for the ratio of annual total dose
Preferably.
B, promote the florescence (spring fertilizer, Hua Qianfei, germination fertilizer), sprouting to before spending from the spring tip is carried out, and predominantly spring tip pumping and is opened
Floral structure provides nutrient, it is ensured that flowering quality and Spring-shoot growth quality.Fertilization time typically sprouts first 1~2 week in spring bud.Promote flower
Phase amount of application accounts for the 40% of annual total amount of application and is advisable.
C, steady fruiting period (spending the later stage), in fallen flowers recoil, fruiting period is carried out.It is main to improve Fruit-setting rate and control summer shoot burst.Now
Fertilising is more based on foliage-spray, and the weak citrus orchard of tree vigo(u)r is using soil application in combination with foliage dressing.But avoid a large amount of
Applied nitrogen, in order to avoid stimulating summer shoot burst, causes a large amount of sheddings.Steady fruit fertilizer accounts for the 15% of the total dose of full dose and is advisable.
D, strong fruiting period (Xia Qiufei or autumn growth fertilizer), are carried out in fruit expanding period.This period expands rapidly on the occasion of fruit, the autumn
Tip pumping and bud differentiation, are the important periods for affecting Citrus then and carrying out annual production, it is necessary to assure have the nutrition supply of abundance.
Typically after Citrus stop shedding, autumn growth sprouting administration in first 10~15 days.Fruit-promoting fertilizer accounts for the 10%~15% of annual total dose
It is advisable.
It is understandable that：The present embodiment is the ecological recovery method in acid Pb-Zn tailings storehouse, is steady with limestone chip
Determine agent, but for acid Tailings Dam has general applicability.When Tailings Dam is alkaline Tailings Dam, stabilizer then adopts sulphide ore
Fragment is neutralized process, and alkaline Tailings Dam is then unaffected for remaining method and step.
The present embodiment by smooth mine tailing 1 and and add stabilizer in mine tailing 1, then in Tailings Dam add soil again
Earth, can reduce the impact of the strong acid or strong alkali environment of mine tailing 1 to crops.The lower floor that the present embodiment passes through the soil to filling
Soil 4 sows substrate adulterant and compound is broadcasted sowing to topsoil 5 with soil conditioner, can carry out depth to the soil that fills and change
Content that is good, play chesson, improvement topsoil soils structure, improving water retention, improve the soil organism and nutrient, changes
That has been apt to soil cultivates environment, is allowed to be more beneficial for the development of crop root.And by proportion of crop planting in the soil for filling again
In, crops can be made to obtain more preferable primary growth environment, be conducive to crops to survive and develop.The present embodiment is by smooth
Tailings Dam simultaneously fills soil and Planting Crops, realizes the restoration of the ecosystem to mining area discarded tailing storehouse, enables Tailings Dam again
New being applied to is cultivated, and has reached the technique effect of also Tian Yunong.
Apply specific case in this specification to be set forth the principle and embodiment of the present invention, above example
Explanation be only intended to help and understand the method for the present invention and its core concept；Simultaneously for one of ordinary skill in the art,
According to the thought of the present invention, will change in specific embodiments and applications.To sum up, this specification content is not
It is interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ecological recovery method of Tailings Dam, it is characterised in that：Comprise the steps：
S1：Close Tailings Dam and measure the size of Tailings Dam；
S2：Drain water in storehouse；
S3：Natural air drying Tailings Dam；
S4：Smooth mine tailing, and addition stabilizer is neutralized process in mine tailing；
S5：Soil and rotary tillage are filled in Tailings Dam；
S6：Planting Crops.
2. the ecological recovery method of Tailings Dam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step S2, water in storehouse is introduced
Labyrinth type sedimentation tank, Jing after labyrinth type sedimentation tank precipitation, supernatant is pumped out water via water pump is lifted, and is made for production cycle in storehouse
With；Deposit periodic cleaning is discharged.
3. the ecological recovery method of Tailings Dam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step S4, renovated using scraper
Mine tailing, by mine tailing renovate it is smooth after, in mine tailing add stabilizer carry out acid-base neutralization process.
4. the ecological recovery method of Tailings Dam according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：If Tailings Dam alkalescence Tailings Dam, surely
Determine agent and then adopt sulphide ore fragment；If Tailings Dam acidity Tailings Dam, stabilizer then adopts limestone chip.
5. the ecological recovery method of Tailings Dam according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Sulphide ore fragment and limestone chip
Ballast grain sizes are 6~8mm.
6. the ecological recovery method of Tailings Dam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step S5 fills soil in Tailings Dam
And rotary tillage comprises the steps：
Geomembrane is laid on mine tailing after smooth, geomembrane is HDPE film, and thickness is 1.5mm；
Barrier layer is filled on geomembrane, the material of barrier layer is bentonite, and thickness is 300mm；
Subsoil is filled on barrier layer, the material of subsoil is clay, and thickness is 800~1000mm；
Topsoil is filled on subsoil, the material of topsoil is clay, and thickness is 200~300mm；
Rotary tillage is carried out to the topsoil for filling by mechanical rotary tillage equipment.
7. the ecological recovery method of Tailings Dam according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：While subsoil is filled, pass through
Ribbon conveyer sows substrate adulterant, and substrate adulterant is turf, the mixture that quartz sand and sawdust are constituted, turf, quartz
The weight ratio of sand and sawdust is 1:1:1；The weight ratio of subsoil and substrate adulterant is 20:1.
8. the ecological recovery method of Tailings Dam according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Sow while rotary tillage topsoil multiple
The weight ratio of mixture nutrient soil modifying agent, topsoil and compound with nutrient soil modifying agent is 20:1, compound matches somebody with somebody nutrient soil
The composition and its weight portion of modifying agent be：
40 parts of turf
10 parts of flyash
15 parts of quartz sand
16 parts of phillipsite
10 parts of bentonite
Trace element zinc, boron, manganese, molybdenum, copper and ferrum are each 1.5 parts.
9. the ecological recovery method of Tailings Dam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step S6, crops are fruit tree, fruit
The kind of wood is mandarin tree, and the line-spacing of mandarin tree is 5.0m, and spacing in the rows is 1.2~1.5m；Mandarin tree is digged pit plantation, and the size in hole is
50cm × 50cm × 50cm, and apply fertilizer in hole, pour permeable in plantation after mandarin tree.
10. the ecological recovery method of Tailings Dam according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：Fertilizer includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium
Fertilizer, the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:1:1, nitrogenous fertilizer is carbamide, and phosphate fertilizer is calcium and magnesium phosphorus, and potash fertilizer is potassium phosphate.
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| CN106670229B (en) | 2019-08-13 |
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