CN111699776B - In-situ matrix improved vegetation restoration construction method for acid heavy metal mine - Google Patents
In-situ matrix improved vegetation restoration construction method for acid heavy metal mine Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a vegetation restoration construction method for in-situ matrix improvement of an acid heavy metal mine, which comprises the steps of sampling, assaying and analyzing acid soil, constructing the in-situ matrix improvement of the mine soil, sowing seeds, microorganism bacteria, nutrient and plant soil, and providing plant growth protection measures to protect the diversity development of vegetation. The construction method solves the problem of mountain acid production from the source through orderly construction steps and procedures, and can effectively solve the problems of acid, heavy metal mine, ecological restoration of soil pollution and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mountain vegetation restoration, in particular to a vegetation restoration construction method by in-situ matrix improvement of an acidic heavy metal mine.
Background
For mountain vegetation restoration on acid pyrite mines, the prior art adopts a physical method to cover soil and to serve as a clay isolation layer to provide a plant growth environment, but the problem of acid production is not solved from the source, and the phenomena of rapid degradation and soil acid return after short-term growth of plants exist. Because of the particularity of ecological restoration of the acid mine, each working procedure of construction must be tested and checked by special personnel in time to confirm the treatment effect, various materials for construction must be strictly proportioned according to test conditions, the materials themselves must be processed in a refined way, the complexity of the construction steps and the procedures is high, and the technical work of construction is far beyond the common earthing construction requirement. The in-situ matrix improved vegetation restoration construction method for the acid heavy metal mine solves the problem of mountain acid production from the source through orderly construction steps and procedures.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method for restoring vegetation by improving an acidic heavy metal mine in-situ matrix, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the construction method for restoring vegetation by in-situ matrix improvement of acid heavy metal mine comprises the following steps:
s1, sampling, testing and analyzing the mine soil quality of each plot land according to a design construction drawing and the site mine landform;
S2, according to the sampling and testing result of slag before construction, respectively mixing an acidic soil modifier, an acidic soil special microorganism inhibiting flora and a nutritional agent with water to obtain a modified matrix, uniformly mixing the mixed modified matrix according to requirements, spraying the modified matrix onto a mountain, arranging technicians to timely detect the modification effect after spraying, and implementing the next procedure after reaching the standard;
s3, confirming the proportion of the improved matrix according to the detected test result of the improved effect, mixing the improved matrix into slurry, and spraying the slurry onto the mountain in a multi-spraying mode;
S4, according to the requirement of biological diversity, confirming the sowing proportion of various vegetation seeds, and after the vegetation seeds are manually treated, uniformly mixing various vegetation seeds and manually sowing the vegetation seeds on the mountain;
S5, detecting soil improvement effect according to technology, determining the proportion among specific special microbial agents, nutritional agents and plant soil construction, mixing an improved matrix into nutritional soil, and uniformly sowing the nutritional soil on mountain bodies;
S6, immediately and manually covering a vegetation protection layer after the process is finished;
S7, planting various vegetation on the mine slope according to the germination of later vegetation seeds and the growth condition of on-site plants so as to ensure the diversity of the plants;
And S8, finishing the construction process, and periodically checking, maintaining and reseeding the repairing effect of the vegetation on the mine.
Further, the steps S2 to S3 further include the following steps:
A: setting a square frame unit at intervals of 50-600 mm according to the actual landform of a mine wall-suspending site, arranging a plurality of groups of steel bars with diameters of 6-12mm and lengths of 50mm in the square frame unit in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction according to the site requirement, and hanging galvanized iron wires with diameters of 1.6-1.8 mm;
B: mixing soil and additives, bagging to obtain a plant-growing bag, transporting and fixing the plant-growing bag on a suspended wall, selecting slotting and fixing according to the mine suspended wall site, and fixing on a galvanized iron wire net according to the interval of square frame units.
Further, in step S1, for each region having different acidity in appearance of the mine topography on site, at least 5 times of manual collection of samples are arranged, and at least 100 soil physicochemical samples and 100 microorganism samples are collected each time.
Further, in step S2, the solution after proportioning enters the interior of the mine mountain by liquid permeation.
Further, in step S3, the modified substrate includes an acidic soil special microorganism inhibitory flora, a nutrient, an organic soil, and an organic fertilizer.
Further, in step S3, the spraying thickness of the modified substrate is 50-100mm, the spraying is performed to check whether the thickness and uniformity reach the standards, and if the checking result cannot reach the standards, the modified substrate is continuously sprayed by adopting a manual repair mode.
Further, in step S5, the thickness of the nutrient soil to be sown is 10 to 100mm, and if the sowing is uneven during the construction, the nutrient soil needs to be supplemented.
Further, in step S6, the cover surface of the vegetation protection layer needs to ensure proper gaps and thickness, and meanwhile, needs to take anti-blowing and anti-falling measures.
Further, in the execution of steps S3 to S6, the execution of steps S3 to S6 should be performed by a continuous construction method, and the construction period is completed within 1 to 3 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the slag sampling test result before construction, the invention confirms that the acid soil modifier, the acid soil special microorganism inhibiting flora and the nutrient are respectively proportioned with water to obtain the modified matrix, the proportioned modified matrix is uniformly mixed according to the requirement and then sprayed on the mountain, and under the action of special microorganisms, the acid production of the mine and the acidification of the soil are controlled, so that the treatment effect is achieved. According to the construction scheme, the problem of mountain acid production is solved from the source through orderly construction steps and flows, and the problems of ecological restoration of acid and heavy metal mine and soil pollution can be effectively solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention in a slope in situ restoration construction;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention during in-situ repair of a suspended wall.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1, an in-situ matrix improvement vegetation restoration construction method for an acidic heavy metal mine, when in-situ restoration construction of a slope, the construction process flow comprises the following steps:
s1, the construction party samples, tests and analyzes the mine soil quality of each plot land according to the design construction diagram and the field condition of the field mine land feature. For each area with different acidity from the appearance of the mine in site, at least 100 soil physicochemical samples and 100 microorganism samples are collected at least 5 times manually.
The soil in the whole area is sampled densely, samples are collected at least 1 time before and after construction by arranging manual work every 100 square meters, at least 3 soil physicochemical samples and 3 microorganism samples are collected each time, and after the samples are pretreated (dried, crushed, sieved, digested, frozen, extracted with DNA and the like), the subsequent physicochemical properties and microorganism analysis are carried out.
S2, according to the slag sampling test result before construction, technicians confirm that the acidic soil modifier, the acidic soil special microorganism inhibiting flora and the nutritional agent are respectively proportioned with water to obtain a modified matrix, and the modified matrix at the moment is a slurry-shaped matrix. Uniformly mixing the proportioned modified matrixes according to the requirements, spraying the mixture onto a mountain, arranging technicians to timely detect the modification effect after spraying, and implementing the next procedure after reaching the standard.
The mixing ratio of the acidic soil modifier (slaked lime and the like), the nutrient and the acidic soil special microorganism inhibiting flora is 70:25:5 (can be properly adjusted according to the sampling test result). Mixing the prepared acidic soil modifying material with water according to a ratio of 1:10, carrying out mixed spraying construction. Every square meter, 20kg of the mixed solution of the acidic soil property modifying material is required to be sprayed.
The material is sprayed on the slope by mixing according to the requirements, the material is sprayed into the ore body by adopting a repeated dilution spraying mode and a liquid permeation mode, the depth is not less than 20mm, under special conditions, the material is required to be sprayed on the mountain by adopting manual sowing, the thickness is determined according to the slope condition and is generally not more than 10mm, and the material is uniformly stirred and mixed with a 200mm sandy soil layer, so that the material is homogenized into the ore body.
For improvement effect detection, technicians are arranged to detect slope improvement effect, after spraying, samples are collected at least 1 time before and after manual work is arranged every 100 square meters, at least 1 soil physicochemical sample is collected each time, and the next working procedure can be implemented after reaching standards (the PH value is more than 7). According to the result of the earlier stage test, the spraying is required to reach the standard about 5 times on average.
In the implementation of the step, the proportioned improved matrix enters the interior of a mine mountain in a liquid permeation mode, and is not allowed to be constructed in a direct injection mode, so that the impact and damage to the original appearance of the mine are reduced as much as possible.
In this step, rapid and accurate predictions of slope acidification can be made through the net acid yield (NAG-pH) threshold of mine surface soil. In addition, based on a bio-geochemical model for acidification of heavy metal mining waste, the microbial technology is utilized to realize acidification control and heavy metal stabilization of mining waste.
S3, confirming the proportion of the improved matrix according to the detected test result of the improved effect, mixing the improved matrix into slurry, and spraying the slurry on the mountain in a multi-spraying mode. The spraying thickness of the improved matrix is 50-100mm, the spraying is used for checking whether the thickness and uniformity reach the standards, and if the checking result can not reach the standards, the improved matrix is continuously sprayed by adopting a manual repair mode.
In the step, the improved substrate is mixed liquid of acid soil special microorganism inhibiting flora, a nutritional agent, organic soil, an organic fertilizer and the like.
S4, according to the requirement of biological diversity, confirming the sowing proportion of various vegetation seeds, and after the vegetation seeds are manually treated, uniformly mixing various vegetation seeds and manually sowing the vegetation seeds on the mountain. The plants can be reasonably configured by fully considering the biodiversity, ecological niches and primary succession theory based on the combination of the soil, tolerance and pioneer plants.
According to the modification test condition of ore body, the formula requirement is confirmed, and the modified substrate (acid mine substrate modified microbial inoculum, long-acting organic growth agent, nutrient, organic fertilizer and other fertilizer) is mixed and stirred uniformly to form slurry. The mixing ratio can be 5:70:10:15, and 100-500kg is needed for each square. Namely, each part of modified substrate, wherein the acid mine substrate is 5 percent of modified microbial inoculum, 70 percent of long-acting organic growth agent, 10 percent of nutrient and 15 percent of fertilizer such as organic fertilizer.
In the improved matrix layer spray seeding treatment, the matrix is mixed and sprayed onto the mountain according to the requirement, the slurry is sprayed onto the mountain in a multi-spraying mode, and the thickness is required to be 50-100mm. Under special conditions, the artificial sowing is adopted to be sprayed on the mountain. After construction, checking whether the thickness and uniformity reach the standards, if not, adopting a manual repair mode.
S5, detecting the soil improvement effect according to the technology, determining the proportion among specific special microbial agents, nutritional agents and plant soil construction, mixing the improved matrixes into the nutritional soil, and uniformly sowing the nutritional soil on mountain bodies. The thickness of the nutrient soil for sowing is 10-100 mm, and if the sowing is uneven during construction, the nutrient soil needs to be supplemented.
The raw material proportion of the seed sowing should be according to the requirement of biological diversity, and the technician confirms the sowing proportion of various seeds, and the seed amount is approximately 25g per square. And the seeds are manually treated to control the germination and growth period of the seeds. The seeds are uniformly sowed on the mountain by adopting manpower, full coverage is required, and if the construction sowing is uneven and the seeds are not covered, the process needs to be supplemented.
When the nutrient soil is manufactured, plant soil is used for collecting farmland surface soil, manual impurity removal treatment is arranged, soil quality improvement condition is detected according to technology, the usage amount of a specific nutrient soil construction unit is determined, and the plant soil is mixed with plant growth promoting microbial inoculum for many times manually and uniformly, wherein 15kg is generally needed per square. The artificial sowing is adopted to be evenly sowed on the mountain body, the full coverage is required, and the thickness is not less than 20mm. If the process is likely to occur in uneven construction and sowing and uncovered conditions, the process needs to be supplemented.
S6, immediately and manually covering the vegetation protection layer after the process is finished. Straw is generally used as a vegetation protection layer, and the coverage surface of the vegetation protection layer needs to ensure proper gaps and thickness, and meanwhile, needs to take anti-blowing and anti-falling measures. The anti-blowing and anti-falling measures are used for ensuring that seeds grow in a natural state, and soil layer cracks are required to be prevented during construction, and if the cracks appear, timely repair is required.
The surface of the rice straw is covered by controlling a certain gap and the thickness of 10-50MM, the rice straw covering layer is required to be maintained in time, and the measures of blowing prevention and falling prevention are adopted to ensure that seeds grow in a natural state, and the occurrence of cracks of an earth layer is required to be prevented during construction, if the cracks are required to be repaired in time. And the rice straw layer is watered according to weather conditions on time, and the water is supplemented by more than 2 cubes per 100 square meters per day.
S7, planting various vegetation on the mine slope according to the germination of later vegetation seeds and the growth condition of on-site plants so as to ensure the diversity of the plants. In principle, two saplings need to be planted manually every square, and the specific variety is determined on site according to actual conditions.
And S8, finishing the construction process, and periodically performing related subsequent treatment works such as repairing effect inspection, maintenance, reseeding and the like on vegetation on the mine.
And after the construction process is finished, the treatments such as microorganism growth monitoring and repairing, repairing effect checking and maintenance, reseeding and the like are required to be carried out regularly. For microorganism growth monitoring and remedial measures, densely sampling soil in a restoration area before restoration, 3 months after restoration, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months respectively, measuring physical and chemical properties of the soil, extracting DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) for microorganism analysis, monitoring physical and chemical properties of the soil and microorganism population, and evaluating restoration effects; after repairing, taking remedial measures in time for the areas where the conditions of soil acid regurgitation, vegetation degradation and the like occur, and manually broadcasting an acidic soil modifier, a microbial acid-inhibiting microbial agent and a nutrient agent, and uniformly mixing with surface soil; then, the matrix improvement comprehensive microbial inoculum, the nutrient agent, the organic fertilizer and the like are artificially broadcast and uniformly mixed with the matrix; then seeds, microbial agents, nutrient soil and the like are sequentially and manually sowed, protective layers such as straws and the like are covered, and finally, arbor and shrubs are planted in a reseeding mode.
In the execution of the steps S3 to S6, the steps S3 to S6 should be executed by a continuous construction method, and the construction period is completed within 1 to 3 days, preferably within two days. Therefore, when performing the operations in steps S3 to S6, the operations must be performed once in a small area (if the field construction process is not allowed, the operations should be performed continuously as much as possible), otherwise reworking may be caused.
In the in-situ slope restoration construction in the embodiment 1, the weathered slope is restored in situ by adopting a net hanging and spray seeding mode. For slope with a slower gradient, the method can be used for directly spraying without hanging a net according to the construction condition.
According to the steps, the method is simple in terms of: firstly, spraying acidic soil modifying materials on a side slope to change the soil acidic condition, and then spraying microbial acid inhibiting bacteria agents, nutritional agents and the like to inhibit the acid production of the side slope; then, 5-10cm of matrix improvement comprehensive microbial inoculum, nutrient, organic soil, organic fertilizer and the like are sprayed on a net; then seeds, microbial agents, nutrient soil and the like are sequentially and manually sowed, protective layers such as straws and the like are covered, and finally, arbor and vine are planted in a reseeding mode.
Embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 2, an in-situ matrix improvement vegetation restoration construction method for an acidic heavy metal mine, when in-situ restoration construction of a suspended wall surface, the construction process flow comprises the following steps:
s1, the construction party samples, tests and analyzes the mine soil quality of each plot land according to the design construction diagram and the field condition of the field mine land feature. For each area with different acidity from the appearance of the mine in site, at least 100 soil physicochemical samples and 100 microorganism samples are collected at least 5 times manually.
S2, according to the slag sampling test result before construction, technicians confirm that the acidic soil modifier, the acidic soil special microorganism inhibiting flora and the nutritional agent are respectively proportioned with water to obtain a modified matrix, and the modified matrix is a slurry-shaped matrix. Uniformly mixing the proportioned modified matrixes according to the requirements, spraying the mixture onto a mountain, arranging technicians to timely detect the modification effect after spraying, and implementing the next procedure after reaching the standard.
In the implementation of the step, the proportioned improved matrix enters the interior of a mine mountain in a liquid permeation mode, and is not allowed to be constructed in a direct injection mode, so that the impact and damage to the original appearance of the mine are reduced as much as possible.
After the implementation of the steps is finished, the following two steps are needed to be implemented:
a: according to the actual landform of the mine cantilever site, a square frame unit is arranged at intervals of 50-600 mm, piles with diameters of 12-12 mm and 50mm are driven into the periphery of the square frame unit, a plurality of groups of steel bars with diameters of 6-12 mm and lengths of 50mm are arranged in the square frame unit in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction according to the site requirement, galvanized iron wire meshes with diameters of 1.6-1.8 mm are hung, and the falling of soil on the cantilever is prevented.
B: mixing soil and additives, bagging to obtain a plant-growing bag, transporting and fixing the plant-growing bag on a hanging wall, selecting slotting and fixing according to the site of the hanging wall of a mine, preventing vegetation on the hanging wall from sliding, and fixing the plant-growing bag on a galvanized iron wire net according to the interval of square frame units.
When the construction method is implemented, two construction procedures A, B are not needed when the hanging wall of the mine is a flat and gentle slope surface with the angle smaller than 45 degrees.
In the step B, the plant-growing bag is manually bagged, the filling degree of the bag is checked, the specification of the plant-growing bag is 50x50x600mm, and the weight of each bag is 5kg.
The operation steps when the plant-growing bag is fixed on the suspension wall are as follows: punching and planting construction on a rock surface, wherein the aperture specification is 20mm, and punching is carried out at least 6 points according to each bag; the plant growth bag is subjected to reinforcement anchoring construction, and the specification of the reinforcement anchors is 20x400mm; and (3) planting a plant growth bag: a plant-growing bag is distributed on the slope surface at intervals of not more than 400mm; and (3) anchoring construction of the plant-growing bag: anchoring the plant-growing bag on the slope, selecting a fixing mode according to the site situation, fixing the plant-growing bag on an iron wire net, and anchoring at least 6 points around the plant-growing bag on the mountain; and finally, fixing the plant-growing bag with a hanging net, wherein the hanging net is a galvanized iron wire net.
S3, confirming the proportion of the improved matrix according to the detected test result of the improved effect, mixing the improved matrix into slurry, and spraying the slurry on the mountain in a multi-spraying mode. The spraying thickness of the improved matrix is about 100mm, whether the spraying thickness and uniformity reach the standards or not is checked, and if the checking result can not reach the standards, the improved matrix is continuously sprayed by adopting a manual repair mode.
In the step, the improved substrate is mixed liquid of acid soil special microorganism inhibiting flora, a nutritional agent, organic soil, an organic fertilizer and the like.
The treatment mode of the improved matrix raw material is as follows: the long-acting organic growth agent and nutrient (such as the long-term pond sludge, chicken manure, etc.) are subjected to air drying, crushing, sieving, and other steps to remove impurities and refine.
S4, according to the requirement of biological diversity, confirming the sowing proportion of various vegetation seeds, and after the vegetation seeds are manually treated, uniformly mixing various vegetation seeds and manually sowing the vegetation seeds on the mountain.
S5, detecting the soil improvement effect according to the technology, determining the proportion among specific special microbial agents, nutritional agents and plant soil construction, mixing the improved matrixes into the nutritional soil, and uniformly sowing the nutritional soil on mountain bodies. The thickness of the nutrient soil for sowing is 10-100 mm, and if the sowing is uneven during construction, the nutrient soil needs to be supplemented.
S6, immediately and manually covering the vegetation protection layer after the process is finished. Straw is generally used as a vegetation protection layer, and the coverage surface of the vegetation protection layer needs to ensure proper gaps and thickness, and meanwhile, needs to take anti-blowing and anti-falling measures. The anti-blowing and anti-falling measures are used for ensuring that seeds grow in a natural state, and soil layer cracks are required to be prevented during construction, and if the cracks appear, timely repair is required.
S7, planting various vegetation on the mine slope according to the germination of later vegetation seeds and the growth condition of on-site plants so as to ensure the diversity of the plants. In principle, suitable plants need to be planted manually around the suspended wall or at the stone seams, and the specific variety is determined according to actual conditions.
And S8, finishing the construction process, and periodically performing related subsequent treatment works such as repairing effect inspection, maintenance, reseeding and the like on vegetation on the mine.
In the execution of the steps S3 to S6, the steps S3 to S6 should be executed by a continuous construction method, and the construction period is completed within 1 to 3 days, preferably within two days.
In the slope in-situ restoration construction in the embodiment 1, the exposed rock slope is restored in-situ by adopting a mode of net hanging, plant growing bags and spray seeding.
According to the steps, the method is simple in terms of: firstly cleaning loose broken stones on a slope, then spraying acid soil modifying materials on the slope to change the acid condition of the soil, and then spraying microbial acid inhibiting bacteria agents, nutritional agents and the like to inhibit the acid production of the slope; then according to the condition of the rock slope, adopting a plant-growing bag slope protection, and fixing a plant-growing bag (rod) mixed by a matrix improvement material, a microbial agent, plant seeds and the like on the rock surface; secondly, fixing the plant-growing bag and the slope surface by adopting a hanging net, and then spraying matrix improvement material mixed slurry (comprising part of clay, seeds, acid-inhibiting bacteria, nutritional agents and the like) with the thickness of at least 5cm so as to improve the soil structure; the natural in-situ restoration does not change the original appearance, and the stability of the side slope restoration is ensured by combining the fixation of the plant-growing bag and the fixation of the hanging net. Then seeds, microbial agents, nutrient soil and the like are sequentially and manually sowed, a protective layer such as a moisturizing blanket or straw and the like is covered, and finally shrubs and vine plants are reseeded.
In this example, reference is made to the embodiment and details disclosed in example 1.
Embodiment 3, a construction method for restoring vegetation by in-situ matrix improvement of an acidic heavy metal mine, when in platform type green restoration construction, the construction process flow comprises the following steps:
firstly, leveling the field according to the requirements of the original construction design drawing of platform type re-greening, and leveling the field by ploughing soil layers with the depth of about 100 cm to 500cm, thereby making slope protection and drainage measures.
Then, the construction process was basically performed according to the procedure of example 1. The simple words are: the method comprises the steps of firstly adopting an artificial sowing acidic soil modifier, a microbial acid inhibiting microbial agent and a nutrient agent to be uniformly mixed with surface soil, then carrying out artificial sowing on a matrix improvement comprehensive microbial agent, a nutrient agent, an organic fertilizer and the like, uniformly mixing with the matrix, finally carrying out artificial sowing on seeds, a microbial agent, the nutrient soil and the like in sequence, covering protective layers such as straw and the like, and finally reseeding arbor and shrubs.
However, in this example, unlike example 1, in the modification of the acidic soil in the step S2, it is necessary to manually spread the acidic soil modifying material on the soil. In addition, when the substrate is improved in the step S3, the improved substrate is mixed according to the requirement, the substrate is manually sprayed on the mountain, the thickness requirement is not less than 100mm, then the substrate is uniformly stirred and mixed with the acid soil with the thickness of 200-300mm, the material is uniformly introduced into the ore body, and the rest other processes and technical requirements are the same as those of slope surface re-greening in the embodiment 1. The thickening of the improved substrate is caused by insufficient thickness, so that the acid production of the soil of the platform cannot be inhibited, and the acid-reflecting phenomenon of the soil covering layer can occur in a short time, so that the vegetation is degraded in a large area.
Embodiment 4, a method for restoring vegetation by in-situ matrix improvement of an acidic heavy metal mine, which is similar to embodiment 3, except that the platform type greening restoration construction is not performed on a mountain of the mine, but is performed on a general mountain or acidic heavy metal soil in a platform manner, and the construction process flow comprises the following steps:
① Earth and stone square engineering
Firstly, cleaning the platform field, for the dangerous rock of the slope, removing the pumice stone and loose rock mass of the slope, eliminating hidden danger of falling stones of the slope, moderately flattening the slope, ensuring that the slope is required to be basically flattened, and protecting the original growing plants of the slope.
And then excavating the earth and stone according to the drawing of the design drawing, removing the waste slag layer and the waste ore layer below the slope, and eliminating the ecological restoration hidden trouble of the vegetation on the slope. Besides dangerous slopes of steep slopes, the ground flatness, straightness and ground height can reach the standard, and the stormwater flushing is reduced, so that the water and soil loss of the slopes is prevented.
And backfilling the soil and stone, controlling the particle size of the crushed stone soil and the compactness of the filler, and finally leveling the platform field.
② Acidic soil property modification
Firstly, sampling acid soil, and carrying out sampling assay analysis on the soil of each area with different acidity from the appearance, wherein at least 1 time of samples are collected before and after manual work is arranged every 100 square meters, and at least 2 soil physicochemical samples and 2 microorganism samples are collected each time. And then sending the sampled sample to a laboratory for sampling and assaying analysis, wherein the analysis process comprises soil acidity and heavy metal analysis and microorganism analysis.
Mixing the slope below 40 degrees, manually sprinkling the slope onto the mountain according to the requirement, mixing the slope with the thickness of 5-10mm and the sand layer of the mountain to above 200mm, and homogenizing the slope to enter the interior of the ore body. Mixing and spraying the slope with the angle of more than 40 degrees on the mountain according to the requirement, wherein the slope is required to be sprayed by adopting a repeated dilution and spraying mode, and the slope enters the ore body by adopting a liquid permeation mode, and the depth is 5-20mm.
Secondly, the acid soil property modification construction can be carried out according to the slag sampling test result before construction, and technicians can confirm that the acid soil property modifier (slaked lime and the like), the nutrient and the acid soil property special microorganism inhibiting flora are mixed and proportioned according to a proper proportion, and each square approximately needs 8.5kg. The materials are required to be manually sprayed on the mountain body, the thickness is generally within 10mm, and the materials are uniformly stirred and mixed with a 200mm sandy soil layer, so that the materials are homogenized and enter the inside of the ore body.
And finally, detecting the improvement effect of the acidic soil property modification, arranging technicians to detect the slope improvement effect, manually collecting at least 1 time before and after each 100 square meters, collecting at least 1 soil physicochemical sample each time, and implementing the next procedure after reaching standards.
③ Substrate modification work procedure
Firstly, raw material treatment is carried out, wherein the procedures of air drying, crushing, sieving and the like are carried out on a long-acting organic growth agent and a nutritional agent (such as long-term pond sludge, chicken manure and the like), and impurity removal refinement treatment is carried out. And according to the modification test condition of ore body, the formula requirement is confirmed, and the improved substrate (acid soil special microorganism inhibiting flora, long-acting organic growth agent, nutrient, organic fertilizer and the like) is mixed and stirred into slurry. The mixing ratio is proper, and 50kg is needed for each square.
Secondly, the substrate layer is paved and slope is processed, the substrates can be mixed according to the requirement, the substrates are manually sowed and sprayed on the mountain body, and the substrates and the layers of 200-300mm Sha Tuzhi are uniformly stirred and mixed, so that the materials are homogenized and enter the interior of the ore body.
Finally, checking and repairing the modified effect of the matrix, and checking whether the thickness and uniformity reach the standards after construction, if not, adopting a manual repairing mode.
④ Seed sowing construction process
Firstly, raw materials are proportioned, and according to the requirement of biological diversity, technicians confirm the sowing proportion of various seeds, and the seed quantity is approximately 25g per square meter. Secondly, manually treating the seeds, and controlling the germination and growth period of the seeds. Finally, seeds are uniformly sowed on the mountain by adopting manpower, full coverage is required, and if the construction sowing is uneven and the seeds are not covered, the process needs to be supplemented.
⑤ Nutrient soil construction process
Firstly, collecting and processing raw materials, collecting soil within 50mm of the surface layer of a farmland, and arranging manual impurity removal processing. Secondly, mixing raw materials, detecting soil improvement condition according to technology, determining the using amount of a specific nutrient soil construction unit, mixing the raw materials with plant growth promoting microbial inoculum for many times manually, and uniformly stirring the raw materials according to a ratio of 90:10, wherein 15kg is generally needed per square. And finally, sowing nutrient soil for construction, and uniformly sowing the nutrient soil on the mountain by adopting manpower, wherein the nutrient soil is required to be fully covered, and the thickness is not more than 50mm. If the process is likely to occur in uneven construction and sowing and uncovered conditions, the process needs to be supplemented.
⑥ Plant growth protection construction process
Firstly, covering rice straw on a working surface, wherein the covering rice straw surface needs to ensure a certain gap of 20-50mm and a thickness of about 40-100mm, and the thickness of the covering rice straw surface needs to be about 5kg per square meter. Secondly, maintaining the protective layer, timely maintaining the straw covering layer, adopting an anti-blowing and anti-falling measure to ensure that seeds grow in a natural state, and preventing cracks of the soil layer during construction, if the cracks need to be repaired in time. Finally, fire prevention measures are taken, the straw layer is watered according to weather conditions in time, and water is supplemented by 2 cubes of water every 100 square meters for a plurality of times per day.
⑦ Biodiversity construction process
According to the growth condition of the on-site plants, various plants ensuring biological diversity are planted on the slope, in principle, proper plants are needed to be planted manually around the hanging wall or at the stone seam, and the specific variety is determined on site according to the actual practice.
⑧ Effect checking, maintenance and reseeding
And after the construction process is finished, repair effect inspection, maintenance, reseeding and other treatments need to be carried out regularly. The ③ th to ⑥ th working procedures of the platform construction must be completed once in a small area (if the field construction process is not allowed, the construction should be continued as far as possible), so that the construction working procedures have continuity, otherwise, rework is caused.
In the implementation of the scheme, the construction can be performed not only on the mountain of the acid mine, but also on the general mountain or the acid heavy metal soil in a platform mode. For example, the construction is carried out in places where vegetation needs to be recovered, such as acid and heavy metal polluted sulfur-iron mines, dumping sites, tailing ponds and the like.
The scheme adopts an in-situ matrix improvement and direct vegetation method, and on the basis of not changing the topography of a waste mining area, the microbial population and functions are regulated and controlled by improving the soil structure and the nutrition condition, the plant population is reasonably matched, and a self-sustaining and non-degenerate ecological system is rebuilt. According to the actual conditions of all areas in the restoration range, a slope spray-seeding process, a rock wall spray-seeding process and a platform greening process are adopted respectively. The scheme has the following advantages after implementation:
(1) The problems of acid production, heavy metal stabilization and mine mountain acid return are solved from the source, the heavy metal stabilization effect is good, and repeated input is not needed;
(2) The method has the advantages that the ground pioneer vegetation with high coverage is formed rapidly, a micro-habitat suitable for long-term resident plant growth is built in the shortest time, and the influence of the original severe environment of the mine is reduced to the greatest extent;
(3) The reconstructed ecological system has strong stability, high coverage, high biological diversity and much higher improvement degree than the traditional plant configuration method;
(4) Independent of the establishment of natural plant populations of tolerant plants, the plant transitions from a native succession, lower-higher to a natural succession, completing natural repair;
(5) Comprehensively utilizing waste, treating the waste with the waste, and generating a great amount of indirect economic benefits;
(6) The soil and water conservation effect and the slope stability are obviously improved.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The construction method for restoring vegetation by in-situ matrix improvement of the acid heavy metal mine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, sampling, testing and analyzing the mine soil quality of each plot land according to a design construction drawing and the site mine landform;
arranging to manually collect at least 5 times samples for each area with different acidity from the appearance of the field mine landform, and collecting at least 100 soil physicochemical samples and 100 microorganism samples each time;
Drying, crushing, sieving, digesting, freezing and DNA extracting the sample, and performing subsequent physicochemical property and microorganism analysis;
S2, according to the sampling and testing result of slag before construction, respectively mixing an acidic soil modifier, an acidic soil special microorganism inhibiting flora and a nutritional agent with water to obtain a modified matrix, uniformly mixing the mixed modified matrix according to requirements, spraying the modified matrix onto a mountain, arranging technicians to timely detect the modification effect after spraying, and implementing the next procedure after reaching the standard;
acid soil modifier, nutrient and acid soil special microorganism inhibiting flora according to the mixing ratio of 70:25:5, and then mixing the prepared acid soil modified material with water according to the ratio of 1:10, carrying out mixed spraying construction;
The slope acidification is rapidly and accurately predicted through the net acid yield threshold value of the mine surface soil, and the acidification control and heavy metal stabilization of mining waste land are realized by utilizing a microbiological technology based on a bio-geochemical model of heavy metal mining waste acidification;
s3, confirming the proportion of the improved matrix according to the detected test result of the improved effect, mixing the improved matrix into slurry, and spraying the slurry onto the mountain in a multi-spraying mode;
The improved substrate comprises acid soil special microorganism inhibiting flora, a nutritional agent, organic soil and an organic fertilizer;
S4, according to the requirement of biological diversity, confirming the sowing proportion of various vegetation seeds, and after the vegetation seeds are manually treated, uniformly mixing various vegetation seeds and manually sowing the vegetation seeds on the mountain;
s5, detecting soil improvement effect according to technology, determining the proportion among specific special microbial agents, nutritional agents and plant soil construction, mixing an improved matrix into nutritional soil, and uniformly sowing the nutritional soil on mountain bodies, wherein the special microbial agents are plant growth promoting microbial agents;
S6, immediately and manually covering a vegetation protection layer after the process is finished;
S7, planting various vegetation on the mine slope according to the germination of later vegetation seeds and the growth condition of on-site plants so as to ensure the diversity of the plants;
s8, after the construction process is finished, the microorganism growth is required to be monitored and remedied at regular intervals, and the vegetation on the mine is regularly subjected to repair effect inspection, maintenance and reseeding;
for microorganism growth monitoring and remedial measures, densely sampling soil in a restoration area before restoration, 3 months after restoration, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months respectively, measuring physical and chemical properties of the soil, extracting DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) for microorganism analysis, monitoring physical and chemical properties of the soil and microorganism population, and evaluating restoration effects; after repairing, taking remedial measures in time for the areas with acid regurgitation and vegetation degradation of the soil, and manually broadcasting an acid soil modifier, a microbial acid inhibiting microbial agent and a nutrient agent, and uniformly mixing with the surface soil; then, the matrix improvement comprehensive microbial inoculum, the nutrient and the organic fertilizer are manually broadcast and uniformly mixed with the matrix; then seeds, microbial agents and nutrient soil are sequentially and manually sowed, a straw protective layer is covered, and finally, arbor and shrubs are planted in a reseeding mode.
2. The construction method for restoring vegetation by in-situ matrix improvement in acidic heavy metal mines according to claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: the steps S2 to S3 further include the following steps:
A: setting a square frame unit at intervals of 50-600 mm according to the actual landform of a mine wall-suspending site, arranging a plurality of groups of steel bars with diameters of 6-12mm and lengths of 50mm in the square frame unit in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction according to the site requirement, and hanging galvanized iron wires with diameters of 1.6-1.8 mm;
B: mixing soil and additives, bagging to obtain a plant-growing bag, transporting and fixing the plant-growing bag on a suspended wall, selecting slotting and fixing according to the mine suspended wall site, and fixing on a galvanized iron wire net according to the interval of square frame units.
3. The construction method for restoring vegetation by in-situ matrix improvement in acidic heavy metal mines according to claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: in step S2, the mixed solution enters the interior of the mine mountain in a liquid permeation mode.
4. The construction method for restoring vegetation by in-situ matrix improvement in acidic heavy metal mines according to claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the spraying thickness of the improved matrix is 50-100mm, the spraying is used for checking whether the thickness and uniformity reach the standards, and if the checking result can not reach the standards, the improved matrix is continuously sprayed by adopting a manual repair mode.
5. The construction method for restoring vegetation by in-situ matrix improvement in acidic heavy metal mines according to claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: in step S5, the thickness of the nutrient soil to be sown is 10-100 mm, and if the sowing is uneven during construction, the nutrient soil needs to be supplemented.
6. The construction method for restoring vegetation by in-situ matrix improvement in acidic heavy metal mines according to claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: in step S6, the cover surface of the vegetation protection layer needs to ensure proper gaps and thickness, and at the same time, needs to take anti-blow and anti-drop measures.
7. The construction method for restoring vegetation by in-situ matrix improvement in acidic heavy metal mines according to claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: in the implementation of steps S3 to S6, the operations of steps S3 to S6 should be performed in a continuous construction manner, and the construction period is completed within 1 to 3 days.
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