CN104310590A - Method for constructing lake submerged plant communities - Google Patents
Method for constructing lake submerged plant communities Download PDFInfo
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of ecological restoration technology and relates to construction technology of polluted lake submerged plant communities. The aim of the invention is to provide a method for constructing lake submerged plant communities. Based on the existing related technology of lake ecological restoration, in combination with the distribution environment characteristics of aquatic plants and the floristic characteristics of the plants, submerged plant endemic species suitable for polluted water introduction are selected; a proper planting method is selected to restore the vegetation according to the stormy wave and sediment characteristics of the restoration areas; the space and time layouts of the community are designed and optimized according to the life history and proper growth water level of the plants, in order to construct the submerged plant communities, ensure that the submerged plant communities are distributed in all seasons and from the lakeside to the lake center, keep certain biomass and restore the submerged plant communities, to further provide scientific and reasonable basis for the ecological restoration of lakes.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ecological restoration technical field, relate to a kind of construction process of lake submerged plant through water group.
Background technology
Body eutrophication causes Freshwater resources contaminative deficient, and aquatic ecosystem destroys comprehensively, and waterplant is withered away.According to lake multiple stable states theory, lake exists based on large-scale Aquatic Higher Plants, clean water system (plant-type lake) that self-purification capacity is stronger and the muddy water system (algae type lake) based on plant plankton.Build the necessary first environmental protect condition of plant-type lake system, under human assistance, then realize the transformation of the ecosystem, build clear water state lake ecosystem.And submerged plant recovers to be the important step building plant-type lake.Submerged plant has important ecological functions: change water flow velocity and the effect of the wave that disappears; Submerged plant is not only primary producer, for hydrocoles provides abundant food, can also perch habitat and breeding place, be conducive to keeping species diversity and maintaining the stable of whole aquatic ecosystem for they provide; Purifying water body, improves the vital role of water quality; Therefore, in shallow lake, the region of submerged plant distribution comparatively dense all has special clear water matter, and nutrient concentrations is low, and plant plankton is few.
Obtain the prerequisite controlled in the impact of transparency, bed mud, stormy waves, algae under, the pleuston of target area plantation certain scale, play pleuston group " forward's effect ", for the recovery of submerged plant provides envrionment conditions.And the difficulty of clear-cutting forestland, need manually to introduce a fine variety a large amount of waterplant, on the other hand in view of bed mud organic contamination is comparatively serious, substrate sludge nutritive salt rich content, once waterplant is able to recovery may occur hypertrophy, more easily form the submerged plant of sociales, as waterweed, water caltrop etc. will tie up the growing space of other waterplant in its vegetative period, make summer and autumn, waters is without the distribution of waterplant.In addition, submerged plant various species habit is different, different to the hobby of envrionment conditions, need during recovery to consider different floristic habit and Flora, because of ground seed selection, consider the selection of group's composition, plant of causing different from the season of growth is deficient to avoid excessive sociales to occur simultaneously.
The Ecosystem Service Value that the state had due to lake provides the mankind is widely different, and careless type clear water state lake can provide more service functions and economic worth than muddy water state.So, the economic implications of reality and the unification of ecological protection function are had more to the recovery research of shallow lake grass type state.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of construction process of lake submerged plant through water group.On comprehensive existing ecological restoration of lakes correlation technique basis, in conjunction with environmental characteristic and the Floristic Characteristics of plant distributions, choose suitable submerged plant native species of introducing a fine variety; According to recovery district stormy waves and Sediment Characteristics, take the implantation methods restore vegetation be suitable for; Water level is suitable for growth vegetation period of foundation, the room and time general layout of group is designed and optimized, build Submerged plant communities, ensure each season and the Submerged plant communities that all distributes from lakeside to the middle of a lake, and keep certain biomass, realize the target that Submerged plant communities recovers, and then provide scientific and reasonable foundation for lake ecosystem shift.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved in that
A construction process for Submerged plant communities,
Comprise following key step:
(1) according to environmental characteristic and the Floristic Characteristics in region to be restored, the native species choosing submerged plant is introduced a fine variety;
(2) build the site conditions being conducive to submerged plant and growing, adopt different planting technology to introduce a fine variety submerged plant, and carry out biomass regulation and control;
(3) respectively in Winter-Spring and Xia Qiu various seasons, choose the submerged plant kind on the occasion of vegetative period, build Submerged plant communities; In the region apart from lakeside different distance, introduce a fine variety different submerged plant kind, control biomass, carry out submerged plant child care.
Submerged plant of the present invention chooses the indigenous kind of recovery district, preferred waterweed, horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, Potamogeton maackianu, water caltrop, watermifoil and hornwort, more preferably horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti, eel grass, Potamogeton maackianu, water caltrop, watermifoil and hornwort; Coordinate floatingleaved plant floating heart and water chestnut.
Wherein, the implantation methods of described submerged plant comprises seed, vegetative reproduction method, cuttage and heavy method.
Seed of the present invention, vegetative reproduction method are included in bed mud thickness G reatT.GreaT.GT15cm respectively, the waters that stormy waves is less, directly adopt the method restore vegetation of sowing submerged plant seed or nourishing body.Wherein, described nourishing body comprises gemma, stem tuber and root.
Cuttage of the present invention comprises and plant and bamboo let being bundled, and inserts substrate 20-50 cm and bamboo let is submerged in mud as much as possible.
Heavy method of the present invention is applicable to the few lake region of mud, mainly comprises the heavy method of mesh bag and the heavy method of bamboo basket, careless seedling and earth, rubble and other auxiliary specieses is planted weighting material and puts in polyethylene mesh bag, gunnysack or bamboo basket, then sink to Revegetation district.
Wherein, other auxiliary weighting materials described refer to and contribute to heavy and to the growth of submerged plant without the weighting material of negative impact, be specifically chosen as those skilled in the art and understand and grasp.
Of the present inventionly from space, Submerged plant communities structure and distribution to be designed and optimization refers to and designs Submerged plant communities according to Winter-Spring and Xia Qiu and optimize tetra-seasons.
Wherein, describedly refer to that the plant that selection is the primary growth phase with winter, spring and summer, autumn respectively builds Submerged plant communities according to building Submerged plant communities in Winter-Spring and Xia Qiu tetra-seasons.Winter, spring submerged plant be selected from water caltrop, waterweed, horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti, eel grass and Potamogeton maackianu; Summer, autumn submerged plant be selected from hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti and Potamogeton maackianu.Wherein, the preferred winter, spring submerged plant be selected from water caltrop and waterweed; Summer, autumn submerged plant be selected from horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti, eel grass and Potamogeton maackianu, effect is more remarkable.
Of the present invention from space Submerged plant communities structure and distribution designed and optimize comprise the water body in region to be restored is divided into depth of water 1.2m within and two regions beyond 1.2m, region within depth of water 1.2m is mainly to plant watermifoil, eel grass, water caltrop, waterweed, and the depth of water is greater than the region of 1.2m based on horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti and Potamogeton maackianu.
The invention provides a kind of construction process of lake submerged plant through water group, and show in particular Constructed wetlands and principle, except the present invention makes specified otherwise, other operations all can adopt this area routine techniques means, namely on those skilled in the art's Constructed wetlands that can provide in the present invention and principle basis, for concrete applied environment, complete the structure of lake submerged plant through water group.
Advantage of the present invention and effect: improving under basic environment condition, using artificial ecotechnology progressively recovers Aquatic Higher Plants.According to the subject matter that waterplant is repaired, as single in kind, dominance is obvious and the intermittent scarcity of plant etc., utilize submerged plant difference different types of life history, build Submerged plant communities composition and distribution, the submerged plant having some amount each season is distributed; Be used for submerged plant pioneer kind for the screening of environmental compatibility difference, comprehensive purifying water quality time, shade tolerance, wind and wave resistance effect, be easy to the features such as maintenances, select Variety comprehensive structure plant community; According to the requirement of different plant to illumination, select plantation place, cultivate in shore bank band or middle of a lake district.Generalized time and spatial framework build and recover Submerged plant communities, and maintain rate of vegetation, the recovery for final submerged plant provides basic environment condition.Applied by the method, reach and improve water transparency, recover waterplant, improve the target of water quality.Less investment of the present invention, easy to operate, instant effect, especially pioneer plant growing space is controlled.
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Protection scope of the present invention is not limited with embodiment, but is limited by claim.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1. the cuttage schematic diagram of submerged plant planting method;
Fig. 2. the heavy method schematic diagram of mesh bag of submerged plant planting method;
Fig. 3. the heavy method schematic diagram of bamboo basket of submerged plant planting method;
Fig. 4. Submerged plant communities Seasonal Pattern builds schematic diagram;
Fig. 5. Submerged plant communities spatial framework builds schematic diagram;
Wherein, 1 is plant; 2 is bamboo let; 3 is rubble; 4 is mesh bag; 5 is bamboo basket.
Embodiment
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
embodiment 1
(1) selection of submerged plant kind
According to Lake Taihu envrionment conditions and Taihu Lake Floristic Characteristics, select horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti, eel grass, Potamogeton maackianu, watermifoil, hornwort, water caltrop etc.
(2) planting technology
According to the environmental characteristic of recovery district, Mei Liang gulf, the technology taked mainly contains: seed, vegetative reproduction method, as seed and the stem tuber of eel grass, and the gemma etc. of water caltrop; Cuttage; Heavy method etc. (concrete grammar is shown in that Fig. 1-3 illustrates).
1) seed, vegetative reproduction method
The seed of submerged plant and propagulum adopt sows breeding technology.There iing certain mud, bed mud thickness G reatT.GreaT.GT15cm, the waters that stormy waves is less, directly adopting the method restore vegetation of sowing Aquatic Higher Plants seed or nourishing body (gemma, stem tuber and root).Eel grass and water caltrop mainly adopt this kind of mode to plant.
Need to carry out pre-treatment before the plantation of eel grass seed, through drying, smashing to pieces, soak and after mud four steps, carry out lake surface and broadcast sowing plantation, plantation amount is about 500g/ mu; Can directly carry out the water surface after the propagulum collection of water caltrop and sow plantation, plantation amount 5kg/ mu.Eel grass is mainly distributed in the waters of below water level 1.2m; Water caltrop is mainly distributed in the waters of below water level 1.5m.
The technology of broadcasting sowing is applicable to seed or the high Aquatic Higher Plants of propagulum percentage of germination.
2) cuttage
This planting technology is bundled plant 1 and bamboo let 2, and bamboo let 2 is inserted substrate 20-50 about cm, bamboo let 2 submerges (Fig. 1) in mud as much as possible.Horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti, watermifoil and waterweed mainly adopt cuttage to plant.After cuttage plantation, find horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti easily rotten and more serious at the areas case that bed mud is thick, the region growing situation thick at 20-30cm is better; Region watermifoil surviving rate at littoral zone 300m and within depth of water 1.6m is higher, all more than 50%; Waterweed 5, also there is certain biomass in June, sharply reduce after July, be only surplus 2% to second; Watermifoil plantation artifact amount gradually reduces, and Second Year restoration ecosystem is 46%.Therefore, this technology is applicable to the strong flexible Aquatic Higher Plants plantation of branch softness, wind and wave resistance.
The Aquatic Higher Plants of the method plantation is taken root comparatively fast, and survival rate is higher, and has certain capacity of anti-storm, requires that bed mud has certain thickness, is only applicable to the shallow waters of mud.
3) heavy method
Heavy method is the method taked for the lake region that mud is few, mainly plant 1 and earth, rubble 3 etc. is put into polyethylene mesh bag 4, gunnysack (Fig. 2) and 5 li, bamboo basket (Fig. 3), then sinks to Revegetation district.
Concrete steps are: be wrapped in by plant root in bulk wet soil, and mass of soil size can adjust according to plant kind and plantation water area condition, and mass of soil overcoat fiber package packs, and is then thrown in water.Kind has eel grass, horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti, watermifoil, test under different water level condition respectively, there is no requirement (NR) little, because the mesh bag of the method have short silt function just in time for their growth provide natural hotbed with after this method to Project Areas bed mud through monitoring two kind of plant; Overall growing state is good, and better at shoaling water (water level <1.5m) growing state, and surviving rate can reach 60%.Horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti and watermifoil higher in the survival rate of shoaling water, in ballow due to the cause of transparency, the survival rate of Second Year is lower.
This technology requires low to substrate, can be used in the waters of the hard end (without mud scum), and plant establishment is fast, and surviving rate is high.
(3) structure of Submerged plant communities
Submerged plant communities builds and to design the structure of group and distribution from room and time and optimize.On time, Main Basis is in Winter-Spring and Xia Qiu various seasons, choose the submerged plant kind on the occasion of vegetative period, build Submerged plant communities, mainly contain spring such as horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti, Potamogeton maackianu, water caltrop, waterweed etc., there are hydrilla verticillata, water chestnut, floating heart, eel grass, horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti and Potamogeton maackianu etc. in summer, autumn, mainly contain water caltrop and waterweed winter, wherein horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti, eel grass and Potamogeton maackianu have certain biomass, with summer, biomass in autumn higher (see figure 4) the whole year.Spatially, in the region apart from lakeside different distance, introduce a fine variety different submerged plant kind, control biomass, carry out submerged plant child care, water depth <1.2m region, Lakesides, group is based on eel grass, watermifoil, water caltrop, waterweed, water depth >1.2m, group with horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti and Potamogeton maackianu for main (see figure 5).Recovery district keeps submerged vegetation coverage >60%.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiments provide a kind of construction process of lake submerged plant through water group, comprise following key step:
(1) according to environmental characteristic and the Floristic Characteristics in region to be restored, the native species choosing submerged plant is introduced a fine variety; The native species of described submerged plant is selected from waterweed, horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti, Ye Heizao, eel grass, Potamogeton maackianu, water caltrop, watermifoil and hornwort, preferred horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti, eel grass, Potamogeton maackianu, water caltrop, watermifoil and hornwort.
(2) build the site conditions being conducive to submerged plant and growing, adopt seed, vegetative reproduction method, cuttage or heavy method introduce a fine variety submerged plant, and carry out biomass regulation and control;
(3) respectively in Winter-Spring and Xia Qiu various seasons, choose the submerged plant kind on the occasion of vegetative period, build Submerged plant communities; Winter, spring submerged plant be selected from water caltrop, waterweed, horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti, eel grass and Potamogeton maackianu; Summer, autumn submerged plant be selected from hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti and Potamogeton maackianu; The preferred winter, spring submerged plant be selected from water caltrop and waterweed; Summer, autumn submerged plant be selected from horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti, eel grass and Potamogeton maackianu.
(4) from space, Submerged plant communities structure and distribution designed and optimize, two regions of setting depth of water <1.2m and depth of water >1.2m, in the region of depth of water <1.2m mainly to plant eel grass, watermifoil, water caltrop, waterweed, the region of depth of water >1.2m is based on horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti and Potamogeton maackianu, control biomass, carry out submerged plant child care.
More than show and describe ultimate principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and specification sheets just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Application claims protection domain is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
1. a construction process for lake submerged plant through water group, is characterized in that, comprises following key step:
(1) according to environmental characteristic and the Floristic Characteristics in region to be restored, the native species choosing submerged plant is introduced a fine variety;
(2) build the site conditions being conducive to submerged plant and growing, adopt different planting technology to introduce a fine variety submerged plant, and carry out biomass regulation and control;
(3) respectively in Winter-Spring and Xia Qiu various seasons, choose the submerged plant kind on the occasion of vegetative period, build Submerged plant communities; In the region apart from lakeside different distance, introduce a fine variety different submerged plant kind, control biomass, carry out submerged plant child care.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the native species of described submerged plant is selected from waterweed, horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, Potamogeton maackianu, water caltrop, watermifoil and hornwort, preferred horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti, eel grass, Potamogeton maackianu, water caltrop, watermifoil and hornwort, coordinate a certain amount of floatingleaved plant floating heart, water chestnut.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described planting technology comprises seed, vegetative reproduction method, cuttage and heavy method.
4. method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described seed, vegetative reproduction method are included in bed mud thickness G reatT.GreaT.GT15cm respectively, the waters that stormy waves is less, directly adopt the method restore vegetation of sowing submerged plant seed or nourishing body.
5. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described cuttage comprises and plant and bamboo let being bundled, and inserts substrate 20-50 cm and bamboo let is submerged in mud as much as possible.
6. method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described heavy method is applicable to the few lake region of mud, mainly comprise the heavy method of mesh bag and the heavy method of bamboo basket, careless seedling and earth, rubble and other auxiliary weighting materials are put in polyethylene mesh bag, gunnysack or bamboo basket, then sinks to Revegetation district.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, describedly refers to that the plant that selection is the primary growth phase with winter, spring and summer, autumn respectively builds Submerged plant communities according to building Submerged plant communities in Winter-Spring and Xia Qiu tetra-seasons.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the winter, spring submerged plant be selected from water caltrop, waterweed, horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti, eel grass and Potamogeton maackianu; Summer, autumn submerged plant be selected from hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti and Potamogeton maackianu.
9. method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the winter, spring submerged plant be selected from water caltrop and waterweed; Summer, autumn submerged plant be selected from horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti, eel grass and Potamogeton maackianu.
10. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described from space, Submerged plant communities structure and distribution are designed and optimize to comprise the water body in region to be restored is divided into the depth of water and is less than two regions that the nearly loke shore of 1.2m and the depth of water is greater than 1.2m, region within depth of water 1.2m is mainly to plant watermifoil, eel grass, water caltrop, waterweed, and the depth of water is greater than the region of 1.2m based on horse Lay Herba potamogetonis distincti and Potamogeton maackianu.
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| CN104761060A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-07-08 | 无锡市舜帝生态修复科技有限公司 | Algae type and eutrophic lake water ecological restoration method |
| CN105152347A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2015-12-16 | 四川鑫淼环保科技有限责任公司 | Building and management method for submerged vegetations in water of lakes |
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| CN105152347A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2015-12-16 | 四川鑫淼环保科技有限责任公司 | Building and management method for submerged vegetations in water of lakes |
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