CN104828949B - A kind of method for setting up lakeside artificial swamp recovery ecology - Google Patents
A kind of method for setting up lakeside artificial swamp recovery ecology Download PDFInfo
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- CN104828949B CN104828949B CN201510211267.XA CN201510211267A CN104828949B CN 104828949 B CN104828949 B CN 104828949B CN 201510211267 A CN201510211267 A CN 201510211267A CN 104828949 B CN104828949 B CN 104828949B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- RAFZYSUICBQABU-HMMYKYKNSA-N Phytal Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCC\C(C)=C\C=O RAFZYSUICBQABU-HMMYKYKNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- RAFZYSUICBQABU-QYLFUYDXSA-N Phytal Natural products CC(C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC[C@@H](C)CCC\C(C)=C/C=O RAFZYSUICBQABU-QYLFUYDXSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- RAFZYSUICBQABU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phytenal Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)=CC=O RAFZYSUICBQABU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 244000144987 brood Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 70
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- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005418 vegetable material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000205574 Acorus calamus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000001632 Acorus gramineus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013073 Acorus gramineus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001494508 Arundo donax Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011996 Calamus deerratus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000721690 Lythrum salicaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001502129 Mullus Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000209490 Nymphaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016791 Nymphaea odorata subsp odorata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 240000001085 Trapa natans Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of method for setting up lakeside artificial swamp recovery ecology, belongs to technical field of biological recovery.Which comprises the following steps：Site preparation：Lakeside artificial swamp is divided into shelter belt and plant buffer strip, site preparation is distinguished to shelter belt and plant buffer strip, wherein plant buffer strip site preparation is specifically included：Flinty slope is removed, the precipitous bank ridge of collapsing is pushed away, so that original loke shore area is gently changed, stabilize, build large area phytal zone, it is desirable to which planting site is domatic to answer≤20 °；Neighbouring mud is stacked into planting site, is thickeied to planting requirement, or soil moved in improve the original is introduced in planting site；Plant：Annual April early and middle ten dayses carry out lakeside constructed wetland plant plantation, and shelter belt plantation mesad, the wet and damp tolerant plant of middle raw happiness, plant buffer strip plant humidogene herbaceous plant；Control measures.Above-mentioned a kind of set up the method that lakeside artificial swamp recovers ecological, reasonable in design, realize the standardization of lake protection by the method, scale, be beneficial to the ecological recovery of lake protection.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of biological recovery, and in particular to a kind of side for setting up lakeside artificial swamp recovery ecology
Method.
Background technology
Lake protection is the intermediate zone between the lake waters ecosystem and the land-based area ecosystem, is intercepting land-based area pollution
Thing, the aspect such as purify water body in lake, keep lake ecosystem and bio-diversity stable positive role has been played, being that lake is given birth to
The important component part of state system.Lake protection receives water body, land reciprocation, creates the ecosystem of uniqueness, with one
Fixed " natural-economic-society " feature of complex ecosystem and the function of filter, buffer, to improving water quality, providing life
It is significant that thing breeds the habitat of growth, protection bio-diversity etc..
Lake protection makes it have in the complex ecosystem of many landscapes multi-party because of the specific properties of its land inland water ecotone
The important function in face.In terms of ecology, with special carbon sequestration, pollution remission, store flood-water for use in a drought, water conservation, remain biological many
The functions such as sample；In terms of landscape, with the aesthetic of landscape and educational function；In economic aspect, accumulate with eco-tour, peat
Etc. function.
The lake protection ecosystem is affected by human activity and natural cause, its ecosystem bio-diversity funeral
Lose, local body eutrophication, silted by mud and sand, range of stage increases, habitat deteriorates, environmental serving function declines, self
Restoring force and resistance are decreased obviously, and have had a strong impact on sound development and the benign cycle of the lake protection ecosystem, or even resistance
Hinder the sustainable development of surrounding area social economy, the health and safety to the lake region people causes to have a strong impact on.Therefore, lakeside is wet
The ecological reparation in ground has become one of current main contents for recovering ecological study with Landscape rebuilding.However, lakeside is wet at present
In the ground ecosystem, the afforestation technique of lakeside plant yet there are no to be delivered.
Content of the invention
For the problem that prior art is present, it is an object of the invention to design provides one kind, and to set up lakeside artificial swamp extensive
The technical scheme of the method for demutation state.
A kind of described method for setting up lakeside artificial swamp recovery ecology, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1）Site preparation：Lakeside artificial swamp is divided into shelter belt and plant buffer strip, to shelter belt and plant buffer strip
Site preparation, wherein specifically includes to plant buffer strip site preparation respectively：Flinty slope is removed, the precipitous bank ridge of collapsing is pushed away, makes original loke shore area
Gentleization, stabilisation, build large area phytal zone, it is desirable to which planting site is domatic to answer≤20 °；Neighbouring mud is stacked into planting site,
Planting requirement is thickeied, or soil moved in improve the original is introduced in planting site；
2）Plant：Annual April early and middle ten dayses carry out lakeside constructed wetland plant plantation, shelter belt plantation mesad, in
The wet and damp tolerant plant of raw happiness, plant buffer strip plant humidogene herbaceous plant；
3）Control measures：Shelter belt to lakeside artificial swamp and plant buffer strip are managed respectively, are wherein buffered
Band plant regulatory is specifically included：Check for pest and disease damage；Pruning is removed, and removes the quick species of growth, in order to avoid covered with the water surface, drop
Low bio-diversity, affects water quality；Substantially do not apply fertilizer；Infrastructure is reinforced.
A kind of described method for setting up lakeside artificial swamp recovery ecology, it is characterised in that described step 1）Middle soil moved in improve the original
By mud：Original soil：Peat by weight 8：1：1 mixing.
A kind of described method for setting up lakeside artificial swamp recovery ecology, it is characterised in that described step 2）Middle plant
In buffer strip, the plant of water plant is specially：
Propagation method：The maternal plant of robust growth based on division propagation, is selected at the beginning of 4 months, is separated according to plant characteristic and is bred
Body, the brood body of fluitante are directly thrown in the range of specific enclosed waters, very water, the brood body swum with submerged plant
It is planted in soil matrix；
Method for planting：Plant groove is built by laying bricks or stones in pond/river/lakebed, spreads the thick compost of at least 15cm, will very water, swim and
Submerged plant brood body is implanted in soil, and brood body firmly should be imbedded in mud, prevent from floating, in order to avoid plantation failure；By water plant
Kind in a reservoir, then by container float into or submerged；
Moisture/water position is adjusted：Heavy water and floating plant will first be poured water afterwards and be planted, and seedling can not leave water for a long time, protect
Seedling moistening is held, water level keeps 5～10cm during plantation, with the growth of Li Ye or floating leaf, can be corresponding according to the requirement of plant
Water level is improved to 30～80cm；To pour water in time after emergent aquactic plant plantation, it is ensured that soil moisture is maintained at hypersaturated state；
Planting density：Cultivated area accounts for the 50%～65% of the water surface gross area；Individual larger, plant is dredged faster for breeding
Plant；Individual less, breeding slower plant carries out close cultivation；Planting density is 1～20 clump/m2, 2～20 buds/clump, or 3～100
Strain/m2.
A kind of above-mentioned method for setting up lakeside artificial swamp recovery ecology, reasonable in design, lakeside is realized by the method
The standardization of wetland, scale, it is beneficial to the ecological recovery of lake protection.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiments further illustrating the present invention.
Embodiment
Vegetable material selection principle
Adhere to suiting measures to local conditions, the principle of matching species with the site, tall, shrub and grass, humidogene and mesad material have unit
Close, appropriate plant.
Adhere to indigenous plant material as Main principle, suitably introduce alien species.
Adhere to bio-diversity principle, various plants material is used in combination, Wetland ecological balance is maintained, improves wetland construction
Effect.
Adhere to ecological functions priority principle, take into account landscape function.Conserving water and soil, on the premise of improving water quality, suitably adopting
Use some landscape species.
Adhere to the principle of Sustainable Operation, the vegetable material of selection requires vigorous, well developed root system is grown, Gu native ability is strong,
Wherein woody plant material requires water-fast wet, and herbaceous material requires water-fast wet, resistance to trample, to cradle again ability of sprouting strong.
Species are configured
According to Taihu Lake lakeside topography and geomorphology feature, by wetland construction area be divided into the flood level of suitable mesad growth with
On arid region, the water logging region being suitable for below the ordinary water level of adaptive plant growth, and between flood level and ordinary water level
The humidification zones of raw happiness wet and damp tolerant plant growth in being suitable for.
Arid region configures mesad, the wet and damp tolerant plant of raw happiness in humidification zones configuration, and configuration mode is with reference to GB/T
15776-2006 specifies.Flooded area configuration of territory hygrophyte, based on indigenous plant kind, coordinates plant type, color and views and admires wind
The elements such as lattice, configure species according to conditions such as soil, the depth of water, illumination and temperature.
Soil：Thickness of soil typically should >=15cm, common mud, pH value are from micro- sour to micro- alkali, most of aquatic
Plant can be planted.Special soil such as sandy soil are suitable for planting water lily and algae, loam be suitable for planting Lythrum salicaria, canna, thaliadeabata,
Fertilizer-plant liked by mullet grass etc., and loam is suitable for planting water edge and the moisture loving plants such as colored calamus, purple taro, Arundo donax.
The hydrology：Plant is configured according to water stream characteristics, under Lentic environment, floating or floating plant is selected, select under flowing water environment
Natural pond life or emergent aquactic plant.Plant is arranged according to the depth of water, the depth of water is configured based on plant, such as rhizoma alismatis, arrowhead, perfume (or spice) in 5～30cm
Aunt's grass, water chestnut, grass-leaved sweetflag etc.；The depth of water in 30～100cm, endure based on water class plant by configuration, such as lotus, thaliadeabata, wild rice grass, reed
Deng；The depth of water can configure floating and the class plant that swims in 50～300cm；The depth of water can configure submerged plant in 100～200cm.
Construction technique
According to the condition such as elevation, soil moisture content and water level, the artificial swamp construction of Taihu Lake lakeside is divided into and with xylophyta is
The shelter belt of main body and the vegetation buffer strip based on herbaceous plant.Shelter belt plant constitution includes mesad, in
The wet and damp tolerant plant of raw happiness.Vegetation buffer strip plant constitution is humidogene herbaceous plant.
Site preparation
Shelter belt entire technique is executed with reference to GB/T 15776-2006 and GB/T18337.3 regulation.
Vegetation buffer strip entire technique：（1）Flinty slope is removed, the precipitous bank ridge of collapsing is pushed away, so that original loke shore area is gently changed, surely
Fixedization, builds large area phytal zone, to be suitable for existence and the colonization of water plant, it is desirable to which planting site is domatic to answer≤20 °；（2）Kind
Growing area domain matrix treatments, arrange enclosing, and neighbouring mud is stacked into planting site, thicken to planting requirement.Part cropping pattern is needed
Soil moved in improve the original is wanted, soil moved in improve the original composition generally presses mud: original soil: peat ratio is 8: 1: 1（As in drinking water source waters, soil moved in improve the original needs sterilization,
Must also chemically examine qualified after could use）.
Seedling
Seedling, afforestation seeding execute the regulation of GB 7908-1999 and GB/T 2930.11-2008, and bare-root seeding executes GB
6000 regulation, container seedling execute the regulation of LY 1000-1991, and tall, filling nursery stock executes GB/T 15776-2006 and GB/
The regulation of T18337.3.Water plant division propagation, maternal plant are required：Robust plant, root, stem, leaf development are good, no disease and pests harm.
Plant
Shelter belt seedling planting technique is with reference to GB/T 15776-2006, GB/T18337.3, GB/T 16453.1-2008
Execute with the regulation of GB/T 16453.4-2008.
Vegetation buffer strip water plant planting technique：
The plant time：Typically mitogenetic long-term（Early spring）Plantation and rest period（Late autumn）Plantation.When the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is most preferably planted
Between general before and after spring germination（April early and middle ten dayses）.
Propagation method：Based on division propagation.The maternal plant of robust growth is selected at the beginning of 4 months, is separated according to plant characteristic and is bred
Body（Root, stem, bud etc.）.The brood body of fluitante is directly thrown in the range of specific enclosed waters, very water, swim and sink water
The brood body of plant is planted in soil matrix.
Method for planting：（1）Plant groove is built by laying bricks or stones in pond/river/lakebed, the thick compost of at least 15cm is spread, by very water, is swum
It is implanted in soil with submerged plant brood body, brood body firmly should be imbedded in mud, prevent from floating, in order to avoid plantation failure；（2）Will be aquatic
Plant species in a reservoir, then by container float into or submerged, typical method have adjustable-depth vessel planting method, floating depressed place combination
Plantation group and porous matrix ball planting method.
Moisture/water position is adjusted：（1）Heavy water and floating plant will first be poured water afterwards and be planted, and seedling can not leave water for a long time,
Seedling moistening is kept, water level typically keeps 5～10cm during plantation, with the growth of Li Ye or floating leaf, can be according to the needs of plant
Amount is corresponding to improve water level, typically in 30～80cm；（2）To pour water in time after emergent aquactic plant plantation, such as can not pour water in time, be through
Often water, it is ensured that soil moisture is maintained at hypersaturated state.
Planting density：Cultivated area accounts for the 50%～65% of the water surface gross area and is advisable, have dredge have close, have disconnected have continuous；Individuality is relatively
Greatly, plant preferably dredges cultivation faster for breeding；Individual less, breed the preferably close cultivation of slower plant；General planting density is 1～20 clump/
m2, 2～20 buds/clump, or 3～100 plants/m2.
Tending management
Taihu Lake lakeside artificial swamp function is ensured based on ecological safety, therefore, for the pipe of artificial swamp with improveing environment
Reason suitably carries out human intervention based on low level management.
Shelter belt is not grown into forest to foster and manages and protects the regulation for being executed B/T18337.3 and GB/T 15776-2006 with protection.
Vegetation buffer strip plant regulatory：（1）Check for pest and disease damage；（2）Pruning is removed：The quick species of growth is removed,
In order to avoid covered with the water surface, reducing bio-diversity, water quality is affected；（3）Substantially do not apply fertilizer；（4）Infrastructure reinforcing etc..
Inspect for acceptance and file
Inspect for acceptance
Afforestation unit must well in advance afforestation planning and designing proposal, could construct through the approval of forestry authorities, by leading
Pipe portion door is inspected for acceptance to key operation, key link, and concrete way is with reference to GB/T 23231-2009 and GB/T
The rule execution of 23235-2009.
File
After afforestation set up manage archives, content include reproducing area basic condition, seedling planting situation, result of inspecting for acceptance,
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, damaed cordition etc., execute referring in particular to GB/T 18337.3-2001.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of the method that lakeside artificial swamp recovers ecological is set up, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1）Site preparation：Lakeside artificial swamp is divided into shelter belt and plant buffer strip, shelter belt and plant buffer strip are distinguished
Site preparation, wherein specifically includes to plant buffer strip site preparation：Flinty slope is removed, the precipitous bank ridge of collapsing is pushed away, makes original loke shore area gentle
Change, stabilize, build large area phytal zone, it is desirable to which planting site is domatic to answer≤20 °；Neighbouring mud is stacked into planting site, is thickeied
To planting requirement, or soil moved in improve the original is introduced in planting site；
2）Plant：Annual April early and middle ten dayses carry out lakeside constructed wetland plant plantation, shelter belt plantation mesad, middle raw happiness
Wet and damp tolerant plant, plant buffer strip plant humidogene herbaceous plant；
3）Control measures：Shelter belt to lakeside artificial swamp and plant buffer strip are managed respectively, and wherein buffer strip is planted
Property management reason is specifically included：Check for pest and disease damage；Pruning is removed, and removes the quick species of growth, in order to avoid covered with the water surface, reduce life
Thing diversity, affects water quality；Substantially do not apply fertilizer；Infrastructure is reinforced；
Above-mentioned step 2）In middle plant buffer strip, the plant of water plant is specially：
Propagation method：The maternal plant of robust growth based on division propagation, is selected at the beginning of 4 months, and brood body, drift are separated according to plant characteristic
The brood body of floating plant is directly thrown in the range of specific enclosed waters, very water, the brood body plant that swims with submerged plant
In soil matrix；
Method for planting：Plant groove is built by laying bricks or stones in pond/river/lakebed, spreads the thick compost of at least 15cm, will very water, swim and sink water
Propagulum is implanted in soil, and brood body firmly should be imbedded in mud, prevent from floating, in order to avoid plantation failure；Water plant kind is existed
In container, then by container float into or submerged；
Moisture/water position is adjusted：Heavy water and floating plant will first be poured water afterwards and be planted, and seedling can not leave water for a long time, keep planting
Seedling is moistened, and during plantation, water level keeps 5～10cm, with the growth of Li Ye or floating leaf, can accordingly be improved according to the requirement of plant
Water level is to 30～80cm；To pour water in time after emergent aquactic plant plantation, it is ensured that soil moisture is maintained at hypersaturated state；
Planting density：Cultivated area accounts for the 50%～65% of the water surface gross area；Individual larger, plant carries out dredging cultivation faster for breeding；
Individual less, breeding slower plant carries out close cultivation；Planting density is 1～20 clump/m2, 2～20 buds/clump, or 3～100 plants/m2.
2. a kind of as claimed in claim 1 the method that lakeside artificial swamp recovers ecological is set up, it is characterised in that described step
Rapid 1）Middle soil moved in improve the original is by mud：Original soil：Peat by weight 8：1：1 mixing.
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| GB2557165A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-06-20 | Emms Derrick | Reed bed maintenance method |
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| CN105347491B (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2017-08-25 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of wetland combined system for improving Wetland Biodiversity |
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| KR100787149B1 (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2007-12-21 | 주식회사 아썸 | Construction of artificial wetland for wastewater treatment |
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| CN102070248A (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2011-05-25 | 东北师范大学 | Configuration method of river bank forest belt beneficial to river ecological landscape protection and prayer flag suspension |
| CN103332791A (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2013-10-02 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Artificial wetland capable of strongly removing antibiotic and resistance gene from culture waste water |
| CN203814303U (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2014-09-10 | 江苏省城市规划设计研究院 | Artificially-built water forest |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2557165A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-06-20 | Emms Derrick | Reed bed maintenance method |
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