CN108738852B - Method for maintaining stable submerged plant community of lake ecosystem - Google Patents
Method for maintaining stable submerged plant community of lake ecosystem Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for maintaining the stability of submerged plant communities in a lake ecosystem, which comprises the following steps: selecting a target water area, dividing blocks of the target water area, improving the habitat of the submerged plant and promoting the root system of the submerged plant to be strong. According to the practical problems in the lake ecosystem restoration, the purpose of stably maintaining the submerged plant community is realized by intervening the patches in the coverage area of the submerged plants in the lake.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a method for maintaining stable submerged plant communities in a lake ecosystem.
Background
The submerged vegetation recovery is a core link of ecological system recovery and is also a key for realizing the conversion from turbid water state to clear water state, and the ecological action mechanism of the submerged vegetation mainly comprises: (1) compete with algae for available nutrients, reducing algae biomass; (2) increasing the sedimentation of particles and inhibiting the resuspension of sediment; (3) providing a place for the growth and the reproduction of zooplankton and creating conditions for the zooplankton to avoid the predation of fishes; (4) release of oxygen to the deposit through the root system, improve the redox potential of the deposit, inhibit the release of phosphorus from the deposit, and the like. Practice of ecosystem restoration shows that the clear water system can be stabilized only after submerged vegetation is restored. A great deal of foreign research finds that after biological manipulation, if submerged vegetation is not recovered, the system can also return to a muddy water state, but once vegetation is formed, a clear water system with different structures can be formed due to great change of biological habitats.
However, with the continuous success of ecological restoration cases in China, during the operation of lake clear water type ecological systems, the phenomenon that submerged plants float upwards in a large area in summer and autumn sometimes occurs, so that the water quality deteriorates, and the ecological systems deteriorate and even have the risk of collapse.
The main reasons for the floating of submerged plant meadows in pieces are: the organic matter content of the bottom mud is higher, the water content is high, and the bottom grabbing capacity of submerged plants is poor; the bottom sediment anaerobic environment causes damage to the root system of the submerged plant, and the phenomena of black root and rotten root occur; submerged plants grow vigorously in high-temperature seasons, the biomass in water is obviously increased, the buoyancy is increased, and the submerged plant meadow is also another important reason for causing the submerged plant meadow to float upwards mainly in summer and autumn.
Therefore, how to improve the habitat conditions of the submerged plants and promote the stability of submerged plant communities during the operation of the lake clear water type ecosystem after ecological restoration is a technical key for maintaining the stability of the ecosystem.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for maintaining the stability of the submerged plant community of the lake ecosystem, which can stably maintain the submerged plant community and promote the healthy operation capability of the lake ecosystem.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for maintaining the stability of submerged plant communities in a lake ecosystem comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a target water area: investigating the biomass and dominant species quantity of submerged plants in lakes and the organic matter content in lake sediments, selecting submerged plants with wet weight of more than or equal to 1kg/m2And the area of the single block is more than or equal to 100m2The water area is used as a primary water area, and then the primary water area with the quantity of 1 dominant species of submerged plants or the organic matter content in sediments more than or equal to 5 percent is selected as a target water area;
(2) and (3) block division of a target water area: dividing the target water area into a plurality of non-adjacent independent sub-water areas, wherein the area of each sub-water area is 5-20 m2The total area of the sub-water area is less than or equal to 30% of the area of the target water area;
(3) improving the habitat of the submerged plant: firstly, uniformly sprinkling quicklime powder or bleaching powder in each sub-water area, wherein the dosage of the quicklime powder is 5-20 g/m2The dosage of the bleaching powder is 0.5-2 g/m2Splashing for 2-3 times;
(4) promoting the root system of the submerged plant to be strong: after 1 month of completion of the step (3), hanging a medicine bag at the center of each sub-water area, wherein the medicine bag is submerged in water, and the medicine bag is filled with potassium naphthylacetate, and the dosage of the potassium naphthylacetate is 0.1-0.5 g/m2And replacing the medicine bags 1 time every 7-10 days, wherein 2-3 medicine bags are used in total, and the medicine bags are sewn by cotton materials.
Further, the time interval between two adjacent splashing quicklime powder or bleaching powder in the step (3) is 7-10 days.
Further, the depth of the medicine bag is from 50cm below the water surface to 50cm above the sediment. The depth of the medicine bag is determined according to the area of the sub-water area, and the larger the area of the sub-water area is, the higher the position of the medicine bag hung in the water body is.
Preferably, the method is carried out starting from months 2 to 3.
Preferably, the mesh of the cotton material is 200-300 meshes. The potassium naphthylacetate can be dissolved out within 5-7 days by using a drug package sewed by 200-300 mesh cotton material.
The main technical ideas or principles of the invention are as follows: surveying indexes such as coverage and dominant species of submerged plants in a target lake and organic matter content in sediments, and judging a target water area in which the submerged plants float in a meadow possibly according to the basic ecological principle of plant communities by analyzing parameters such as target water area, submerged plant biomass, dominant species quantity and sediment organic matter content; dividing a target water area into a plurality of sub-water areas, wherein when submerged plants are stably maintained, the total area of the constructed sub-water areas is not more than 30% of the area of the target water area, and the constructed sub-water areas are not connected, so that negative effects on the whole lake and the growth of the submerged plants in the adjacent sub-water areas are reduced as much as possible, namely, the patch intervention is carried out, the patch intervention also has a specific ecological function, the medicine concentration is caused to be high in the center of the sub-water areas and gradually attenuated within an action radius through slow release of the medicine, the medicines with different concentrations enable the growth rates of the submerged plants in the water areas to have certain difference, the high and low-level water habitat of the plants is formed, the function of a habitat island is similar, and the effect cannot be achieved through large-area low-dose medicine application; and then, carrying out the benthophyte habitat improvement work in 2-3 months, and specifically, scattering quicklime powder or bleaching powder into the constructed sub-water area. The habitat improvement was chosen at 2-3 months because the submerged plants did not germinate yet and there was no significant side effect on the plant growth itself, and plaque intervention at this stage also reduced the negative impact on the neighboring sub-waters. The quicklime or bleaching powder is selected because the medicament can effectively improve the anaerobic environment of the bottom mud, and can sterilize and disinfect, and the low-dose multiple use is to reduce the negative effects of the medicament on submerged plants and adjacent water areas as much as possible; after the habitat is improved for one month, hanging a medicine bag at the center of the sub-water area, wherein the submerged plant in the sub-water area is gradually recovered, and in order to enhance the mud grabbing capacity of the plant, a low-dose root system strengthening medicine is used for promoting the root system of the plant to become thick and more and enhancing the fixation capacity of the submerged plant; after the patch intervention is finished, other patch interventions can be continued in the second year according to the plant community condition, so that the capability of stably maintaining the submerged plant community and promoting the healthy operation of the lake ecosystem is achieved.
According to the practical problems in the lake ecosystem restoration, the purpose of stably maintaining the submerged plant community is realized by intervening the patches in the coverage area of the submerged plants in the lake.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In a certain ecological restoration demonstration water area of Thai, the demonstration project area is 80000 square meters, construction is started in 2011 and 5 months, the main ecological restoration measures are planting of submerged plants and removal of benthic fishes, the ecological restoration construction is finished in 6 months, the ecological system is changed into a clear water state in 8 months, and the main submerged plant varieties comprise hydrilla verticillata, sowthistle, euglena, watermifera and the like. After the clear water system operates for 3 years, namely in the summer of 2014, meadow floating phenomenon occurs in part of water areas, and the water quality deteriorates once.
Selecting a water area with 1 species (tape grass) of dominant species of submerged plants as a target water area at the end of 2 months in 2015The area is 300 square meters, the biomass (wet weight) of the submerged plant is 1kg/m2. Dividing the target water area into 30 sub-water areas, wherein the area of each sub-water area is 10 square meters, and selecting 10 sub-water areas for performing plaque intervention. Uniformly spreading quicklime powder in a sub-water area at the beginning of 3 months, wherein the dosage is 5-20 g/m2Once every ten days, three times in succession. At the bottom of 4 months, hanging one cotton medicine bag for promoting the growth of root systems of submerged plants 50cm below the water surface of the center of the sub-water area, wherein the mesh of the medicine bag is 300, the medicine in the medicine bag is potassium naphthylacetate, and the dosage is 0.5g/m2The medicine bag is changed once every ten days and is continuously used for three times. In the following years, the phenomenon of meadow floating does not appear.
Example 2
In a certain lake of the Chengdu, the phenomenon of floating of a meadow exists in a part of water area, only 1 dominant species of a submerged plant is selected, and the biomass (wet weight) of the dominant species is 5kg/m2The water area of (2) is a target water area, and the area of the target water area is 100m2And the content of organic matters in the sediment is more than or equal to 5 percent. Selecting water area of 5m in target water area21 sub-water area of 20m21 sub-water area, wherein the two sub-water areas are not adjacent to each other, the two sub-water areas are subjected to plaque intervention, and bleaching powder is uniformly sprayed in the sub-water areas in the middle of 2 months, wherein the dosage of the bleaching powder is 0.5-2 g/m2The spraying is carried out twice, the time interval of the two times is 7 days, the spraying is finished at the bottom of 2 months, when the spraying is finished at the bottom of 3 months, one submerged plant root system strengthening cotton medicine bag is respectively hung at the position 50cm above the bottom mud of the water body in the centers of the two sub-waters, the mesh of the medicine bag is 200, the medicine in the medicine bag is potassium naphthylacetate, and the dosage is 0.1g/m2The change was made every 7 days, for a total of 2 packs. The meadow floating phenomenon does not occur in the next two years.
Example 3
In the side of a small lake bay near the tin-free area, a water area (about 250 square meters) where single dominant submerged plants (potamogeton crispus) are distributed is selected, 5 groups of enclosures (each enclosure area is 10 square meters) are arranged, one group is a non-treated control group, one group is a quicklime treatment group, one group is a potassium naphthylacetate treatment group, one group is a quicklime group which is used after the potassium naphthylacetate is used, and the other group is a potassium naphthylacetate group which is used after the quicklime is used. The experiment was started in 2017, month 2. The experimental drug was used in the same manner as in example 1. And weighing the biomass of each group of processed potamogeton crispus at the end of the experiment in the month of 4, and observing the growth condition of the root system.
The results show that: compared with the control group, the relative growth rate of the curly pondweed after the treatment of the quicklime is improved by 6 percent, and the number of the black roots is also obviously reduced; the relative growth rate of potamogeton crispus after the potamogeton naphthaleneacetic acid treatment is close to that of the control group, and the root system is hardly changed. The relative growth rate of potamogeton crispus is only 2% higher than that of control group, and its quantity is lower than that of quicklime treated group, and its quantity of black root also can be obviously reduced. Compared with the control group, the relative growth rate of the curly pondweed is improved by 28 percent, compared with the control group which uses the curly pondweed after using the potassium naphthalene acetate, the relative growth rate of the curly pondweed is improved by 25 percent, almost no black root appears, and the number of root hair is increased and thickened.
Therefore, the quicklime is singly used for improving the bottom sediment environment, the promotion effect on the growth of the submerged plants is limited, and the potassium naphthylacetate is singly used for hardly having the effect on the growth of the submerged plants; the growth promotion effect of the submerged plant is weak by using the potassium naphthylacetate first and then the quicklime, and the growth of the submerged plant can be greatly promoted by using the quicklime and then the potassium naphthylacetate.
Example 4
In case 1, a water area of 170 m was selected for the Tazhou ecological restoration demonstration water area2The herba Swertiae Dilutae has absolute advantages and wet weight of more than or equal to 1kg/m2The area (c) was tested. Three sub-water areas which are not adjacent to each other are arranged for carrying out plaque intervention, the area of each sub-water area is 10 square meters, and the following schemes are adopted respectively:
(1) blank control water area: no measures are taken;
(2) the first implementation water area: sprinkling quicklime powder into water in the early 3 months with the dosage of 10 g/m23 times of sprinkling for each time at intervals of 8 days; then, hanging a medicine bag 50cm below the water surface of the center of the sub-water area in the beginning of 5 months, and replacing every 10 days to use 3 medicine bags;
(3) the second implementation water area: and 5, splashing quicklime powder into the water body at the beginning of 5 months, hanging the medicine bag at the beginning of 7 months, and performing the other specific measures as the same as those in the first implementation water area.
The first and second water application areas are filled with the same medicinal bag, and the medicinal bag contains potassium naphthylacetate in an amount of 0.5g/m2The medicine bag is made of 250-mesh cotton material. And (5) collecting the plant biomass of each sub-water area at the end of the experiment, and observing the growth condition of the root system.
The result shows that compared with the control, the biomass of the tape grass is obviously increased in the first implementation water area, the relative growth rate is improved by 31 percent, the color of the tape grass root hair is yellow, the root hair is obviously thickened, and the quantity is obviously increased; in the second implementation water area, the thickening quantity of the roots of the tape grass is increased, but the relative growth rate of the tape grass is only increased by 12 percent compared with that of the control treatment, which is probably because the tape grass starts to grow when the medicament is used, the quick lime causes the sudden change of the bottom mud environment, and the tape grass has an inhibiting effect at a certain stage of plant growth.
Claims (1)
1. A method for maintaining the stability of submerged plant communities in a lake ecosystem is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a target water area: investigating the biomass and dominant species quantity of submerged plants in lakes and the organic matter content in lake sediments, selecting submerged plants with wet weight of more than or equal to 1kg/m2And the area of the single block is more than or equal to 100m2The water area is used as a primary water area, and then the primary water area with the quantity of 1 dominant species of submerged plants or the organic matter content in sediments more than or equal to 5 percent is selected as a target water area;
(2) and (3) block division of a target water area: dividing the target water area into a plurality of independent sub-water areas, wherein the area of each sub-water area is 5-20 m2The total area of the sub-water area is less than or equal to 30% of the area of the target water area;
(3) improving the habitat of the submerged plant: firstly, uniformly sprinkling quicklime powder or bleaching powder in each sub-water area, wherein the dosage of the quicklime powder is 5-20 g/m2The dosage of the bleaching powder is 0.5-2 g/m2Splashing for 2-3 times; two adjacent splashing quicklimeThe time interval of the powder or bleaching powder is 7-10 days;
(4) promoting the root system of the submerged plant to be strong: after 1 month of completion of the step (3), hanging a medicine bag at the center of each sub-water area, wherein the medicine bag is submerged in water, and the medicine bag is filled with potassium naphthylacetate, and the dosage of the potassium naphthylacetate is 0.1-0.5 g/m2Changing the medicine bags 1 time every 7-10 days, wherein 2-3 medicine bags are used in total, and the medicine bags are sewn by cotton materials;
the depth of the medicine bag is from 50cm below the water surface to 50cm above the bottom mud;
the method is started to be implemented in months 2-3;
the mesh of the cotton material is 200-300 meshes.
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