CN105461076B - A kind of method for recovering Submerged plant communities using submerged vegetation turf - Google Patents
A kind of method for recovering Submerged plant communities using submerged vegetation turf Download PDFInfo
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- CN105461076B CN105461076B CN201610011210.XA CN201610011210A CN105461076B CN 105461076 B CN105461076 B CN 105461076B CN 201610011210 A CN201610011210 A CN 201610011210A CN 105461076 B CN105461076 B CN 105461076B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method for recovering Submerged plant communities using submerged vegetation turf, compound submerged plant turf is made, then turf is shifted, is implanted into the ecosystems such as river lake to be repaired.Using vegetable fiber blanket submerged plant seedling is cultivated in sharrow pool, utilize the brood body quickly breeding seedling such as submerged plant seed, hibernaculum, disconnected branch, two kinds of submerged plants of every piece of sod culture, waterweed+water caltrop, eel grass+hydrilla verticillata, the type turf of Potamogeton maackianu+hydrilla verticillata 3 are cultivated altogether, by the blocking taking-up from pond together with vegetable fiber blanket of the seedling of cultivation during transplanting, form turf, cylindric transport is rolled into target water, again by one piece of turf one piece be positioned over will the bottom, fixed with T-shaped fixed label.The invention has the characteristics that：Sharrow pool is advantageous to control illumination and the depth of water and nutritional condition, and submerged plant turf convenience in transport and scene are planted, and save the live planting time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to water environment treatment, ecological environment recovery technique field, the heavy water being related in aquatic ecosystem is planted
The recovery of thing group, vegetation turf planting technology and water correction technology.
Background technology
Submerged plant diversity is high, and biomass is big, has strong water purification ability, and being grown in purification of water quality for submerged plant rises
Critical effect：Submerged plant can absorb nutritive salt, and nutriment is competed with algae；Natural interception network can be formed,
Promote sedimentation；Media environment can be provided for microorganism, beneficial to the production of microorganism；Can be provided for zooplankter sanctuary,
Spawning habitat, zooplankter is reduced by the danger of fish predation, so as to improve the predator pressure to algae；Can discharge sulfide,
Polyacetylene, polyhydric phenols, oxygen-containing aliphatic acid allelochemical limitation algal grown.
Submerged plant is the important component of aquatic ecosystem, and critical effect is played in purification of water quality.Closely
Water pollution, eutrophication problem aggravation, water nutrition increase, transparency reduce over year, and phytoplankton turns into sociales, made
Water ecological environment is damaged, and submerged plant fades away.Submerged plant communities recovery is the important symbol of river lake ecosystem restoration.
However, with serious pollution water body for a long time no submerged plant and lack brood body and seed, thus need to be artificially introduced heavy water and plant
Thing, promote the fast quick-recovery of submerged vegetation.
Submerged plant growth environment under water, it is general using artificial growth by the way of at this stage, but artificial cuttage plantation is imitated
Rate is relatively low larger to human and material resources consumption；It is big using soil seed bank, soil seed pool soil moved in improve the original recovery quantities, transport inconvenience.Single turf kind
Though plant can improve plantation efficiency, it can not meet that group recovers to require, be not easy to keep bio-diversity, it is steady to be also unfavorable for group
It is fixed.Combined type turf is planted in same turf and is implanted with various plants, and has different plant species to combine turf, then foundation is actually subjected to
Ask, using various combination, transplanting target is water-bed, and convenience in transport is easy to operate, and plant survival rate is high, the submerged vegetation species of establishment
Diversity is high, and group is stable.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of convenient transportation, plant survival rate is high, reduce the activity duration, improves submerged plant
The method that efficiency is recovered by group.This method avoid the submerged plant seedling caused by transporting in the past to be mussily intertwined
Phenomenon, and transport and plantation cause plantling to damage, and has saved plantation scene and combs plant and cuttage and is spent with planting
Plenty of time.Present invention is mainly used for water body submerged vegetation recovery project of the depth of water within 2m.Requirement to water quality
It is：Transparency>1/2 depth of water, ammonia nitrogen（NH4-N）Concentration<5mg/L.
What the present invention was achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of method for recovering Submerged plant communities using submerged vegetation turf, include plantation, the turf turn of submerged plant
Move, the plantation after immigration.Comprise the following steps：
1）Prepare vegetable fiber blanket；
2）Sharrow pool or paddy field are selected, the brood body of submerged plant is planted on vegetable fiber blanket, carries out nursery；
3）After the incubation of submerged plant seedling, by seed together with one piece of taking-up of vegetable fiber blanket one piece, cylindric progress is rolled into
Transport transplanting；
4）Turf one piece is deployed for one piece in Submerged plant communities target water to be restored, signed with T-shaped fixation by turf
It is fixed on target water bottom.
The vegetable fiber blanket is directly purchased from market, or customized to producer, convenient to utilize；
The turf of plantation is long 2.0m, wide 1.5m per block size, is easy to seedling fostering, clot and transport, repairs water body kind
Plant.Vegetable fiber blanket thickness 1.5-3cm.Pond culture soil requires the preferable planting soil of nutrition, pH value 6.5-8.5, nitrogen 2-4g/
Kg, phosphorus 0.3-0.6g/kg, organic matter 3-8 g/kg；Cultivate nitrogen 1.5-10mg/L, phosphorus 0.1-0.4mg/L, ammonia nitrogen 0.2- in water
2.0mg/L；Depth of water 20-50cm.Vegetable fiber blanket aperture 1-3mm.
Annual purchase waterweed in March seedling, Potamogeton maackianu seedling, curly pondweed rigid bud, eel grass seed and bulb, wheel blade are black
Algae hibernaculum and disconnected branch, the various submerged plant brood bodies for purchasing are planted in vegetable fiber blanket respectively.The waterweed of purchase,
Potamogeton maackianu seedling requires band root band mud, into plexi, every clump of 10-25 bud.Hydrilla verticillata can be disconnected branch, can be band root band
Mud is into plexi, every clump of 10-25 bud.Curly pondweed rigid bud, bitter herbs corm, hydrilla verticillata hibernaculum can be harvested March then, also may be used
To be to harvest the previous year, with the 4 DEG C of refrigerations of water of basin band after purchasing, a water is changed weekly, treats that next year plants.Eel grass seed is general
What is purchased is long long fruit, steeps 1-2 hours with water enchroachment (invasion), is twisted with the fingers with hand and arranges extruding, destroys pericarp, taking-up seed, then seed is equal
It is even to be sprinkling upon on vegetable fiber blanket.
When planting submerged plant, one piece of vegetable fiber blanket is deployed in diving pond, then planted waterweed plantation
In one semi-area of fibres blanket, another semi-area plants water caltrop；5 clumps/m of waterweed plantation density2, water caltrop utilize clint plant
Kind, 25/m of plantation density2.One piece of vegetable fiber blanket plantation eel grass and hydrilla verticillata are taken again, and eel grass is planted using its bulb, close
Spend 25/m2；Hydrilla verticillata is planted using hibernaculum, 50/m of density2.Take again one piece of vegetable fiber blanket plantation Potamogeton maackianu and
Hydrilla verticillata, 5 clumps/m of Potamogeton maackianu plantation density2；Hydrilla verticillata is planted using disconnected branch or with mud into Cong Youmiao, and density 5 clumps/
m2.Various brood bodies are positioned on vegetable fiber blanket by above-mentioned requirements when cultivating plant seedlings, branch cuttage of breaking is in string
In blanket gap.The above method repeatedly, above-mentioned submerged plant is all planted into sharrow pool.
During transplanting, pond water is taken out to plant blanket depth, turf one piece is spooled for one piece, entrucking transhipment, prevent and treat during entrucking
Stacking pressure is too many and damages plant seed, and stacking is usually no more than 2 layers, moisturizing of sprinkling water, and preventing and treating is exposed to the sun for a long time.Transport to target water body
After deploy turf, with preprepared it is T-shaped it is fixed sign, fixed label height 30cm, width 10cm, by turf according to actual feelings
Condition, at a certain distance（General 50cm）, various combination, be fixed on target water bottom.Whole transhipment, implantation time are preferably on the day of
Complete.2 times of transparency are not to be exceeded in the plantation water body depth of water.
Nursery season is 3-5 months, optimum season 3-4 months；Transplant suitable time 4-6 months.Waterweed+water caltrop turf
Can also late October to early November transplanting in the fall；Eel grass+hydrilla verticillata turf, Potamogeton maackianu+hydrilla verticillata turf
It can be transplanted with the 4-10 months, but August part transplanting survival rate of its high temperature is relatively low.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：Sharrow pool is advantageous to control illumination and the depth of water and nutritional condition, improve seed,
The brood body breeding success rates such as hibernaculum, disconnected branch, more effectively cultivate various plants.Combined type turf prepared by the present invention is in same
Kind is implanted with various plants in turf, and has different plant species to combine turf, when submerged plant turf moves into water body, convenience in transport and existing
Field plantation, and reduce and be shipped to the damage that submerged plant seedling is brought, plant survival rate is high, saves live planting time, group
The submerged vegetation species diversity built is high, and group is stable.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be Jiaxing Nanhu District rural area ramuscule creek river course using the inventive method after 1 year Submerged plant communities recover feelings
Condition, including Submerged plant communities cover degree, Submerged plant communities biomass density and Shannon diversity index situation of change.
Embodiment
First, select, rent certain area sharrow pool or paddy field, it is desirable to which the depth of water meets 0.5m, standby.Pond culture soil
It is required that the preferable planting soil of nutrition, pH value 6.5-8.5, nitrogen 2-4g/kg, phosphorus 0.3-0.6g/kg, organic matter 3-8 g/kg；Culture
Nitrogen 1.5-10mg/L in water, phosphorus 0.1-0.4mg/L, ammonia nitrogen 0.2-2.0mg/L.
Secondly, the vegetable fiber blanket of no grass-seed is purchased from market, or it is customized to producer, and size is wide 1.5m × length
2.0m, Thickness ness 1.5-3cm, aperture 1-3mm；Vegetable fiber blanket material is advisable with rice wheat straw, after being positioned over target water body
Algal grown can be suppressed.
Annual March, from market purchase waterweed seedling, Potamogeton maackianu seedling, curly pondweed rigid bud, eel grass seed and ball
The brood bodies such as stem, hydrilla verticillata hibernaculum and disconnected branch.The waterweed of purchase, Potamogeton maackianu seedling require band root band mud, into plexi,
Every clump of 10-25 bud.Hydrilla verticillata can be disconnected branch, can be band root band mud into plexi, every clump of 10-25 bud.Curly pondweed rigid bud, eel grass
Bulb, hydrilla verticillata hibernaculum can be harvested harvesting in March then or the previous year, with basin 4 DEG C of water of band after purchasing
Refrigeration, a water is changed weekly, treat that next year plants.Eel grass seed typically purchases the previous year harvest, the most long storage time of seed
No more than 3 years, germination is otherwise influenceed.
Submerged plant seedling raise period is generally 3-5 months, optimum season 3-4 months；By the above-mentioned brood body of submerged plant
Plant on vegetable fiber blanket, carry out nursery, it is black to cultivate waterweed+water caltrop, eel grass+hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton maackianu+wheel blade altogether
The type turf of algae 3.During nursery, one piece of vegetable fiber blanket is deployed in diving pond, then planted waterweed in plant
In one semi-area of tapetum fibrosum, another semi-area plants water caltrop；5 clumps/m of waterweed plantation density2, water caltrop using clint plant,
25/m of plantation density2.One piece of vegetable fiber blanket plantation eel grass and hydrilla verticillata, eel grass is taken to be planted using its bulb again, density
25/m2；Hydrilla verticillata is planted using hibernaculum, 50/m of density2.One piece of vegetable fiber blanket plantation Potamogeton maackianu and wheel are taken again
The black algae of leaf, 5 clumps/m of Potamogeton maackianu plantation density2；Hydrilla verticillata is planted using disconnected branch or with mud into Cong Youmiao, 5 clumps/m of density2。
Various brood bodies are positioned on vegetable fiber blanket by above-mentioned requirements when cultivating plant seedlings, branch cuttage of breaking is stitched in vegetable fiber blanket
In gap.The above method repeatedly, above-mentioned submerged plant is all planted into sharrow pool.Fruit is steeped with water enchroachment (invasion) during eel grass seed seedling-raising
1-2 hours, twisted with the fingers with hand and arrange extruding, destroy pericarp, taking-up seed, then seed is uniformly sprinkling upon on vegetable fiber blanket.
Treat that submerged plant seedling growing height to 20-50cm, suitable height 20-30cm, reduces pond or paddy field water level, by seedling
One piece of kind and vegetable fiber blanket one piece are rolled into cylindric, taking-up, entrucking transport transplanting.Transplant suitable time 4-6 months.During entrucking
Preventing and treating stacking pressure is too many and damages plant seed, and stacking is usually no more than 2 layers, moisturizing of sprinkling water, and preventing and treating is exposed to the sun for a long time.
It is T-shaped with preprepared by one piece of expansion of turf one piece after the target water body recovered to submerged vegetation is transported
The fixed fixed turf of label, fixed label height 30cm, width 10cm, by turf according to actual conditions, at a certain distance（Typically
50cm）, various combination, be fixed on target water bottom.Whole transhipment, implantation time are completed preferably on the day of.Plant the water body depth of water
It is not to be exceeded 2 times of transparency.
In addition, waterweed+water caltrop turf can also late October to early November transplanting in the fall；Eel grass+hydrilla verticillata
Turf, Potamogeton maackianu+hydrilla verticillata turf can be transplanted with the 4-10 months, but August part transplanting survival rate of its high temperature is relatively
It is low.
Fig. 1 is Jiaxing Nanhu District rural area ramuscule creek river course Submerged plant communities recovery situation after 1 year, including heavy water is planted
The situation of change of thing cover degree of communities, Submerged plant communities biomass density and Shannon diversity index.From fig. 1, it can be seen that using this
The submerged vegetation species diversity that method is set up is high, and group is stable, works well, has broad application prospects.
Claims (7)
1. it is a kind of using submerged vegetation turf recover Submerged plant communities method, including submerged plant plantation, turf transfer,
Plantation after immigration, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1）Prepare vegetable fiber blanket；
2）Sharrow pool is selected, the brood body of submerged plant is planted on vegetable fiber blanket, carries out nursery；
3）After the incubation of submerged plant seedling, by seed together with one piece of taking-up of vegetable fiber blanket one piece, cylindric transported is rolled into
Transplanting；
4）Turf one piece is deployed for one piece in Submerged plant communities target water to be restored, fixed turf with T-shaped fixed label
In target water bottom；
Wherein, when planting submerged plant, one piece of vegetable fiber blanket is deployed in sharrow pool, then planted waterweed plantation
In one semi-area of fibres blanket, another semi-area plants water caltrop；5 clumps/m of waterweed plantation density2, water caltrop utilize clint plant
Kind, 25/m of plantation density2；One piece of vegetable fiber blanket plantation eel grass and hydrilla verticillata are taken again, and eel grass is planted using its bulb, close
Spend 25/m2；Hydrilla verticillata is planted using hibernaculum, 50/m of density2；Take again one piece of vegetable fiber blanket plantation Potamogeton maackianu and
Hydrilla verticillata, 5 clumps/m of Potamogeton maackianu plantation density2；Hydrilla verticillata is planted using disconnected branch or with mud into Cong Youmiao, and density 5 clumps/
m2；The above method repeatedly, above-mentioned submerged plant is all planted into sharrow pool.
2. the method according to claim 1 for recovering Submerged plant communities using submerged vegetation turf, it is characterised in that：Step
Rapid 1）The vegetable fiber blanket specification is 1.5m × 2.0m, aperture 1-3mm.
3. the method according to claim 1 for recovering Submerged plant communities using submerged vegetation turf, it is characterised in that institute
Waterweed seedling, the Potamogeton maackianu seedling band root band mud stated, into plexi, every clump of 10-25 bud；The curly pondweed rigid bud, eel grass ball
Stem, hydrilla verticillata hibernaculum harvest for March then, or the previous year harvesting；Refrigerated for 4 DEG C with water with basin after harvesting, weekly more
Change a water.
4. the method according to claim 1 for recovering Submerged plant communities using submerged vegetation turf, it is characterised in that：Will
Submerged plant brood body is planted on vegetable fiber blanket, and initial stage keeps depth of water 15cm, is grown tall lifting step by step water level with plant seedlings,
Nursery is carried out, is transplanted after plant to be planted height to 30-50cm.
5. the method according to claim 1 for recovering Submerged plant communities using submerged vegetation turf, it is characterised in that：Move
During cultivation, the water in sharrow pool is taken out, turf one piece is rolled for one piece, entrucking transhipment, prevents that stacking pressure is too many and damages during entrucking
Plant seed, stack and be no more than 2 layers, moisturizing of sprinkling water, deploy turf after transporting to target water body, with T-shaped fixed label, turf is consolidated
Target water bottom is scheduled on, the plantation water body depth of water is no more than 2 times of transparency.
6. the method according to any one of claim 1 to 3 for recovering Submerged plant communities using submerged vegetation turf, its
It is characterised by：Nursery season is 3-5 months；Waterweed+water caltrop turf in the fall transplant by late October to early November, and eel grass+
Hydrilla verticillata turf, Potamogeton maackianu+hydrilla verticillata turf are transplanted in the 4-10 months.
7. the method according to claim 6 for recovering Submerged plant communities using submerged vegetation turf, it is characterised in that：Educate
Seedling season is 3-4 months.
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