CN105532341B - Rice deep layer root growth bootstrap technique - Google Patents
Rice deep layer root growth bootstrap technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN105532341B CN105532341B CN201510981029.7A CN201510981029A CN105532341B CN 105532341 B CN105532341 B CN 105532341B CN 201510981029 A CN201510981029 A CN 201510981029A CN 105532341 B CN105532341 B CN 105532341B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of rice deep layer root growth bootstrap technique, includes the following steps:1) Soil tillage, the soil top vertical range turned over the ditch dug with a plow to be formed and dug is 20 25 centimetres;2) it is dried 24 days after the Soil tillage, applies base fertilizer;3) after applying base fertilizer, smooth soil;4) by rice transplantation of seedlings to it is described it is smooth after soil in;5) 57 days after-applied tillering fertilizers of transplanting rice seedling;6) ear manuer is applied in Jointing stage;The present invention is guided deep layer root growth, builds up deep layer root system, improved rice capacity for the resistance to lodging, growing nutrient and moisture absorption range, improve the drought-resistant ability of rice by (15~20 centimetres) fertilisings of deep ploughing (20~25 centimetres) and deep layer;Deep application of fertilizer can reduce fertilizer loss and environmental pollution caused by fertilizer easily outflows with water, and achieve the effect that improve rice yield, prevent rice lodging and improve utilization rate of fertilizer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the methods that crops culture technique field more particularly to rice deep layer root growth guide.
Background technology
In prior art Rice Production, 1-2 weeks before Rice Cropping, first, Irrigated paddy field 2-5 days, using rotary cultivator into
Row rotary tillage also can have water layer to carry out rotary tillage using rotary cultivator in paddy soil, and root system is mostly in 0-15 centimetres of soil layer
Between;There is water layer condition, soil is being impregnated 3-6 days again, is carrying out second of rotary tillage;According to the season of Rice Cropping, second
2-5 days after secondary rotary tillage, rice field is flattened using flat field machine, then base fertilizer is uniformly applied to rice field surface layer in a manner of spreading fertilizer over the fields, so
Last time is carried out afterwards to rake, and so that surface layer fertilizer is mixed with soil, thus be may wait for rice transplanting.The latter week left and right of rice transplanting,
Tillering fertilizer can be applied, tillering fertilizer application in two dressings uses and tillering fertilizer is uniformly applied to rice field table in a manner of spreading fertilizer over the fields for the first time
Layer, carries out applying tillering fertilizer second for 1 week or so later, and applying mode is identical as first time.Between rice Jointing stage also with
Fertilizer is applied rice field surface layer by the same manner, and fertilizer is allowed to enter soil naturally.Nitrogenous fertilizer is mostly instant nitrogenousfertilizer, such as urea.
For a long time, the method that Rice Production uses rotary tillage and surface fertilizing, causes rice topsoil shallower, generally in 15-
18 centimetres, fertilizer is mainly instant nitrogenousfertilizer, and fertilization of rice mostly uses greatly surface fertilizing, and fertilizer is more in upper soll layer.Rice root
It concentrates between 0-15 centimetres of the surface layer of paddy soil, surface layer fertilizer easily loses, and leads to environmental pollution.Improve farming and fertilising side
Method is that deep layer root system is guided to form the approach for being raising rice yield and preventing lodging.
Invention content
Method the purpose of the present invention is being guided by rice deep layer root growth improves the higher rice yield of plant height,
And rice lodging is prevented, improve utilization rate of fertilizer.
The present invention provides a kind of rice deep layer root growth bootstrap techniques, include the following steps:
1) Soil tillage, the soil block top vertical range turned over the ditch dug with a plow to be formed and dug is 20-25 centimetres;
2) it is dried 2-4 days after the Soil tillage, applies base fertilizer;
3) after applying base fertilizer, rotary tillage, smooth soil of pouring water;
4) by rice transplantation of seedlings to it is described it is smooth after soil in;
5) 5-7 days after-applied tillering fertilizers of transplanting rice seedling;
6) ear manuer is applied in Jointing stage.
Preferably, it is that the 50-70% of base fertilizer is maintained to the soil plough horizon 15- after drying to apply base fertilizer described in step 2)
Between 25 centimetres, remaining is 30~50% between 0~15 centimetre of soil plough horizon.
Preferably, base fertilizer described in step 2) be nitrogen phosphorus potassium slow release fertilizer, the nitrogen phosphorus potassium slow release fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and
It is 24 that potassium accounts for weight ratio respectively:8:12.Preferably, the slow-release time of nitrogenous fertilizer is 90 days in nitrogen phosphorus potassium slow release fertilizer.
Preferably, nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for the 50-60% of total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer in base fertilizer described in step 2).
Preferably, after the application of base fertilizer described in step 3), using soil rotary tillage, smooth method of pouring water.
Preferably, the tillering fertilizer described in step 5), nitrogenous fertilizer account for the 10-20% of total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer.
Preferably, the ear manuer described in step 6), nitrogenous fertilizer account for the 20-40% of total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer.
The technical principle of the present invention:The present invention is applied by deep ploughing (20~25 centimetres) and base fertilizer deep placement (15~20 centimetres)
Fertilizer guides deep layer root growth, builds up deep layer root system, and the lodging tolerance of plant can be improved in deep layer root system, improves paddy growth
Nutrition and moisture absorption range, to achieve the effect that volume increase.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:The method of the present invention makes rice deep layer root system increase, and improves rice capacity for the resistance to lodging, carries
High paddy growth nutrition and moisture absorption range improve the drought-resistant ability of the rice under drought condition;Root system layer depth, deep application of fertilizer
It fertilizer can be reduced outflows with water and cause fertilizer loss and environmental pollution, reach and improve rice yield and prevent rice lodging and carry
The rice root of the effect of high utilization rate of fertilizer, method plantation of the present invention is 25cm, and single harvest rice yield is up to 800
Kg/acre.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention provides a kind of rice deep layer root growth bootstrap technique, specifically includes the following steps:
1) Soil tillage, the soil block top vertical range turned over the ditch dug with a plow to be formed and dug is 20-25 centimetres;
2) it is dried 2-4 days after the Soil tillage, applies base fertilizer;
3) after applying base fertilizer, rotary tillage, smooth soil of pouring water;
4) by rice transplantation of seedlings to it is described it is smooth after soil in;
5) 5-7 days after-applied tillering fertilizers of transplanting rice seedling;
6) ear manuer is applied in Jointing stage.
The present invention turns over soil before transplanting rice, hangs down at the top of the soil block turned over the ditch dug with a plow to be formed and dug
Straight distance is 20-25 centimetres.In the present invention, described to turn over the progress in 5~10 days preferably before rice transplanting.The present invention is to institute
Stating the tool equipment turned over and used does not have special limitation, and using those skilled in the art, who, which knew, is turned over tool, such as may be used
Using plough commonly used in the art.In the present invention, described to turn over specific for deep ploughing, the soil block turned over the ditch dug with a plow to be formed and dug
Top vertical range is 20-25 centimetres, preferably 23 centimetres.
After turning over, the present invention dries the soil turned over, and plays the role of soil disinfection, reduces the disease in soil
Opportunistic pathogen and pest etc..In the present invention, the time of the drying is 2~4 days, can be specifically 2 days, 3 days, 4 days.
After drying, the present invention applies base fertilizer to soil.In the present invention, the base fertilizer is preferably nitrogen phosphorus potassium slow release fertilizer
Material;The slow release fertilizer can be selected from slightly soluble state finish slow-release fertilizer, film-coated and slow release fertilizer or addition urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibits
One kind in the slow-release fertilizer of agent, the nitrogen phosphorus potassium slow release fertilizer include that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content are 24%:8%:12%.In base fertilizer
The 50-60% for accounting for total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer of nitrogenous fertilizer, more preferably 55%;It it is 90 days present invention preferably employs the slow-release time of nitrogenous fertilizer
Slow release fertilizer.The present invention does not have the method that the base fertilizer applies special restriction, and using those skilled in the art, who, which knew, is applied
Add the technical solution of base fertilizer, the art routine such as can be used spreads fertilizer over the fields deep placement.
After applying base fertilizer, the present invention carries out soil the method that smooth, described land smoothing preferably uses rotary tillage, institute
The rotary tillage stated can be specifically vertical shaft type rotary cultivator without other particular/special requirements using tool commonly used in the art.In this hair
In bright, the rotary tillage ensures the base fertilizer of 50-70% being maintained between 15-25 centimetres of upper soll layer, it is preferred that ensure by
The base fertilizer of 55-65% is maintained in 15~25 centimetres of upper soll layer, to realize base fertilizer deep placement, after rotary tillage, is poured water smooth.
After smooth, the present invention transplants rice seedlings, and the rice transplantation of seedlings uses the transplanting side of this field routine
Method, without other particular/special requirements;The rice seedlings are the disease-free rice seedlings of health.5-7 days after rice transplantation of seedlings,
The present invention applies tillering fertilizer to the rice seedlings of transplanting.In the present invention, the tillering fertilizer is tillering fertilizer commonly used in the art, tool
Body is the instant nitrogenousfertilizers such as urea.In the present invention, the applying mode of the tillering fertilizer can be specifically to spread fertilizer over the fields;The tiller
Fertilizer application time be rice transplantation of seedlings after in 5~7 days, specifically can be rice transplantation of seedlings after 5 days, 6 days, 7 days;Point
The applied amount of fetilizer for tillering is preferably 10~20% of nitrogenous fertilizer in base fertilizer.
Apply tillering fertilizer, the present invention rice Jointing stage to rice application ear manuer, the ear manuer is that this field is normal
Ear manuer does not have special restriction, using ear manuer commonly used in the art, specifically in of the invention to the ear manuer type of application
It is urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) etc.;The applying mode of the ear manuer can be specifically to spread fertilizer over the fields or " with water band in the present invention
Nitrogen ", a kind of described " with water band nitrogen " particularly advanced rice topdressing method, it be in field no water layer, will
Chemical fertilizer is spread on field, then slowly pours water, make chemical fertilizer dissolving, under be seeped into the method for rice root layer;The applied amount of the ear manuer
Preferably the 10~20% of base fertilizer.
The rice planted according to the method described in the present invention, deep layer root system increase, paddy growth nutrition and moisture absorption model
It encloses extensively, capacity for the resistance to lodging and drought-resistant ability are all greatly improved, and deep application of fertilizer can reduce fertilizer loss and environmental pollution, reach
It improves rice yield and prevents rice lodging and improve the effect of utilization rate of fertilizer.
Rice deep layer root system provided by the invention guiding growing method is described in detail with reference to embodiment, but
They cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
First, 7 days before rice transplanting, Soil tillage is carried out to rice terrace with plough, the soil turned over the ditch dug with a plow to be formed and dug
Vertical range is 25 centimetres at the top of earth, realizes deep ploughing;It is dried 3 days after Soil tillage, spreads fertilizer over the fields 30 kgs/acre of nitrogen phosphorus potassium slow release fertilizer
Material is used as base fertilizer;The nitrogen slow release fertilizer, the content of nitrogenous fertilizer is 55% in base fertilizer, and the slow-release time of nitrogenous fertilizer is 90 in base fertilizer
It, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is respectively 24%:8%:12%, after applying base fertilizer, rotary tillage, rotary tillage are carried out to soil with rotary cultivator
Ensure that 65% base fertilizer is maintained between 15~25 centimetres of soil layer.Then, it pours water smooth, by rice transplantation of seedlings to the soil after smooth
In earth;Transplanting rice seedling spreads fertilizer over the fields urea as tillering fertilizer after 6 days, the applied amount of tillering fertilizer is the 15% of base fertilizer.The fringe of rice point
The change phase, according to 1:1 ratio spreads fertilizer over the fields ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate as ear manuer;The additive amount of ear manuer is the 30% of base fertilizer.Rice at
After ripe, with tape measuring rice root length, rice per mu yield calculated, is obtained as a result, the rice root planted according to this method
System is up to 25cm, and single harvest rice yield is up to 800 kgs/acre.
Embodiment 2
First, 9 days before rice transplanting, Soil tillage is carried out to rice terrace with plough, the soil turned over the ditch dug with a plow to be formed and dug
Vertical range is 23 centimetres at the top of earth, realizes deep ploughing;It is dried 3 days after Soil tillage, spreads fertilizer over the fields 35 kgs/acre of nitrogen phosphorus potassium slow release fertilizer
It is film-coated and slow release fertilizer that material, which is used as base fertilizer, the slow release fertilizer, and the content of nitrogenous fertilizer is 58% in base fertilizer, the sustained release of nitrogenous fertilizer in base fertilizer
Time is 90 days;The content of its nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 24%:8%:12%, apply base fertilizer after, with vertical shaft type rotary cultivator to soil into
Row rotary tillage is smooth, and rotary tillage ensures that 60% base fertilizer is maintained between 15~20 centimetres of soil layer.Then, it pours water smooth, by rice seedlings
It transplants into the soil after smooth;Transplanting rice seedling spreads fertilizer over the fields urea as tillering fertilizer after 5 days, the nitrogenous fertilizer of tillering fertilizer accounts for total fertilizer nitrogen
20%;Jointing stage to rice spreads fertilizer over the fields urea as ear manuer;The additive amount that the nitrogenous fertilizer of ear manuer accounts for total fertilizer nitrogen is base fertilizer
32%.After rice maturation, with tape measuring rice root length, rice per mu yield is calculated, is obtained as a result, being planted according to this method
The rice root of plant is up to 25cm, and single harvest rice yield is up to 800 kgs/acre.
Embodiment 3
First, 6 days before rice transplanting, Soil tillage is carried out to rice terrace with plough, the soil turned over the ditch dug with a plow to be formed and dug
Vertical range is 18 centimetres at the top of earth, realizes deep ploughing;It is dried 3 days after Soil tillage, spreads fertilizer over the fields 40 kgs/acre of nitrogen phosphorus potassium slow release fertilizer
As base fertilizer, the slow release fertilizer is the slow-release fertilizer for adding urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor, the content of nitrogenous fertilizer in base fertilizer
It is 52%, the slow-release time of nitrogenous fertilizer is 90 days in base fertilizer;Its nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content are 24%:8%:12%, after applying base fertilizer,
Carry out that rotary tillage is smooth to soil with rotary cultivator, rotary tillage ensures that 55% base fertilizer is maintained between 18~23 centimetres of soil layer.Then, it fills
It is horizontal whole, it will be in rice transplantation of seedlings to the soil after smooth;Transplanting rice seedling spreads fertilizer over the fields urea and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) as tiller after 5 days
Fertilizer, the applied amount of tillering fertilizer are the 20% of total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer;Jointing stage to rice spreads fertilizer over the fields urea as ear manuer;The addition of ear manuer
Amount is the 28% of total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer.After rice maturation, with tape measuring rice root length, calculate rice per mu yield, obtain as a result,
It is up to 25cm according to the rice root that this method is planted, single harvest rice yield is up to 800 kgs/acre.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of rice deep layer root growth bootstrap technique, includes the following steps:
1) Soil tillage, the soil block top vertical range turned over the ditch dug with a plow to be formed and dug is 20-25 centimetres;
2) it is dried 2-4 days after the Soil tillage, applies base fertilizer;
3) after applying base fertilizer, rotary tillage, smooth soil of pouring water;
4) by rice transplantation of seedlings to it is described it is smooth after soil in;
5) 5-7 days after-applied tillering fertilizers of transplanting rice seedling;
6) ear manuer is applied in Jointing stage;
Application base fertilizer described in step 2) is specially:
The 50-70% of base fertilizer is maintained between 15-25 centimetres of upper soll layer after drying, remaining is 30~50% in upper soll layer
Between 0~15 centimetre;Base fertilizer described in step 2) is nitrogen phosphorus potassium slow release fertilizer, the nitrogen phosphorus potassium slow release fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
It is 24 to account for weight ratio respectively:8:12;The nitrogenous fertilizer of base fertilizer described in step 2) accounts for total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer 50-60%.
2. rice deep layer root growth bootstrap technique according to claim 1, which is characterized in that wherein the sustained release of nitrogenous fertilizer when
Between be 90 days.
3. rice deep layer root growth bootstrap technique according to claim 1, which is characterized in that revolved described in step 3)
It ploughs, the method that smooth soil of pouring water uses rotary tillage.
4. rice deep layer root growth bootstrap technique according to claim 1, which is characterized in that tiller described in step 5)
The nitrogenous fertilizer of fertilizer accounts for the 10-20% of total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer.
5. rice deep layer root growth bootstrap technique according to claim 1, which is characterized in that ear manuer described in step 6)
Nitrogenous fertilizer account for the 20-40% of total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer.
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CN109601096A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-12 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method of rice in saline-alkali field |
CN115316096B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-08-18 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for reducing ammonia loss of paddy field by side deep fertilization |
CN114946571A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-08-30 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Water-saving and fertilizer-saving rice planting method |
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CN104145587A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-11-19 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Fertilizing method for high-efficiently utilizing nitrogen fertilizer on southern double-season rice |
CN104663338A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-06-03 | 谢振西 | Planting method for paddy rice rich in selenium |
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