CN108702909A - A kind of Hunan south late rice high-yield and high-efficiency fertilizing method - Google Patents
A kind of Hunan south late rice high-yield and high-efficiency fertilizing method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Hunan south late rice high-yield and high-efficiency fertilizing methods, belong to agricultural technology field, nitrogen fertilizer amount 150kg/hm2, Nitrogen application regime is base manure:Fetilizer for tillering:Ear manuer:Granulated fertilizer ratio 4:3:2:1, make base manure with the nitrolim for applying 40%.The present invention carries out field experiment in Hengyang, Hunan Province county, have studied amount of nitrogen and influence of the Nitrogen application regime to late rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency, and urea and nitrolim match the effect applied, it is intended to structure Hunan south late rice nutrition efficient and utilizes technical system, to realize that Hunan Province's rice high yield, efficient, safety in production provide certain theoretical and technical support.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology fields, are related to a kind of Hunan south late rice high-yield and high-efficiency fertilizing method.
Background technology
Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for influencing rice yield.In recent years, applying quantity of chemical fertilizer is held in China's crop production
It is continuous to increase, it is chemical fertilizer application total amount and the unit area arable land maximum country of applying quantity of chemical fertilizer in the world.China is agricultural within 2015
Chemical fertilizer total amount has reached 6022.6 ten thousand t, and the wherein pure amount of nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture has reached 2316.57 ten thousand t.According to statistics, China's unit plane
Product amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is 165.1kg/hm2, it is far above world average dose (52.9kg/hm2), the nitrogen discharge amount in all kinds of farmlands is
13.7-347kg/hm2, it is far above developed country (4-107kg/hm2), and this season utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is only 17%, is far below the world
Average level (58%).And it is the major reason for causing this phenomenon that nitrogen application is excessively low with nitrogen utilization efficiency.Nitrogen is held
Continuous excess supply can lead to a series of environmental problems such as soil acidification aggravation and body eutrophication.Rational Application nitrogenous fertilizer is to protect
Hold the needs and environmental protection and resource-effective needs of rice yield.Forefathers with regard to the efficient utilization ways of Nitrogen in Rice and
Mechanism has been carried out largely, and with regard to high yield and Super-high-yielding Cultivation Rice under Condition nitrogen efficiently using being explored.But China
The soil types and weather conditions difference in different rice producing regions are huge, therefore also need efficient for different zones development nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice
Application technique is studied.Meanwhile China has also carried out a large amount of research on rice optimum nitrogen rate and Nitrogen application regime, obtains
Many achievements with operation instruction meaning, but these achievements are usually by the factors shadow such as the traditional concept of peasant and economy
It rings, it is difficult to obtain the application of generality.Economic, environmentally friendly and efficient novel slow, Controlled Release Fertilizer is taken into account, is carried for the solution of this problem
New approach is supplied.Slow-release fertilizer can make base manure and disposably apply, and realize abridged edition saving of labor and improve the purpose of nitrogen utilization efficiency.And this
The studied calcium cyanamide particle fertilizer of invention, is widely used in facility cultivation frequently as a kind of soil conditioner and disinfectant, and
Also rare report is studied in its influence to rice yield, Rice Physiological characteristic and nitrogen utilization efficiency.
Weighing apparatus Shao hills basin is the important major grain producing area in Hunan Province and rice main producing region, and total output of grain accounts for the whole province's grain
30% or more of total output is eaten, but for a long time, which lacks the high-yield and high-efficiency fertilizer practice guidance of system,
Rice excessively application, utilization rate of fertilizer is high, rice easily lodging with it is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing the problems such as it is more serious.Therefore, in conjunction with nitrogenous fertilizer
It plans strategies for and two aspects of new-type fertilizer, carries out the research of Hunan south late rice high-yield and high-efficiency fertilizing method and be extremely important.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome defect existing in the prior art, it is proposed that a kind of Hunan south late rice high-yield and high-efficiency is applied
Fertile method.Carry out field experiment in Hengyang, Hunan Province county, has studied amount of nitrogen with Nitrogen application regime to late rice yield and nitrogen profit
Match the effect applied with the influence of efficiency and urea and nitrolim, it is intended to build Hunan south late rice nutrition efficient and utilize technology body
System, to realize that Hunan Province's rice high yield, efficient, safety in production provide certain theoretical and technical support.
Its technical solution is as follows：
A kind of Hunan south late rice high-yield and high-efficiency fertilizing method, includes the following steps：
Step 1 determines Hunan south late rice optimum nitrogen rate and Nitrogen application regime：Nitrogen fertilizer amount 150kg/hm2, Operational of Nitrogen Among
Mode is base manure:Fetilizer for tillering:Ear manuer:Granulated fertilizer ratio 4:3:2:1；
Step 2 determines urea and nitrolim with applying ratio：Late rice nitrogen utilization efficiency can be improved with nitrolim is applied,
It is 40%-60% with ratio of applying.
Further, in step 2, the ratio of applying of matching is 40%.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The present invention carries out field experiment in Hengyang, Hunan Province county, have studied amount of nitrogen and Nitrogen application regime to late rice yield and
The influence of nitrogen utilization efficiency and urea and nitrolim match the effect applied, it is intended to build Hunan south late rice nutrition efficient and utilize
Technical system, to realize that Hunan Province's rice high yield, efficient, safety in production provide certain theoretical and technical support.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in more detail With reference to embodiment.
1 materials and methods
1.1 experimental design
Carried out double cropping late rice field experiment at the hengyang, hunan province county towns Xi Du (112 ° of 39 ' E, 26 ° of 99 ' N) in 2016.For
Test material is that Varieties In Late Rice is promoted mainly in Hengyang County locality --- Thailand excellent 018 contained, ripe late rice in triple crossing, the time of infertility are belonged to
114.5d.For trying the basic physicochemical property of soil：PH6.19, organic matter 25.30g/kg, full nitrogen 1.51g/kg, full phosphorus 0.63g/kg,
Full potassium 19.01g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 160.70mg/kg, available phosphorus 9.64mg/kg, available potassium 101.81mg/kg.
Nitrogen fertilizer amount and mode experimental design of planning strategies for：It is designed using two factor split plot experiments, primary area factor is to apply purity nitrogen water
It is flat：0kg/hm2(CK)、150kg/hm2(10N)、180kg/hm2(12N)、210kg/hm2(14N)；Secondary area factor is Operational of Nitrogen Among
Mode：Base manure, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer, granulated fertilizer ratio are divided into 4:3:2:1(-1),5:3:1:1(-2),6:3:1:0(-3),7:3:0:0
(- 4), two factors are combined into CK, 10N-1,10N-2,10N-3,10N-4；12N-1,12N-2,12N-3,12N-4；14N-1,
13 processing such as 14N-2,14N-3,14N-4,3 repetitions, plot area 30m2.Rice transplanting spacing is 16.7cm × 20cm.
Ridge is done among two cells, covers plastic film on ridge, and in film is earthed, and prevents side from oozing, and use respectively only
Vertical irrigation and drainage channels.Phosphorus potash fertilizer is applied according to locality custom：Calcium superphosphate (P2O5Content is 12%) 625kg/hm2, make base manure one
Secondary property applies；Potassium chloride (K2O content is 60%) 200kg/hm2, it is respectively 60% and 40% to apply twice by base, fetilizer for tillering.
Urea is designed with nitrolim with ratio test is applied：Experiment nitrogenous fertilizer used is urea (46%) and nitrolim (moral
Domestic village uncle board, it is nitrogenous 20%).Experiment is control with not Nitrogen applications, in total amount of nitrogen 150kg/hm2Under the conditions of be arranged 4
A difference calcium cyanamide particle fertilizer with apply ratio processing (100% urea ,+20% nitrolim of 80% urea, 60% urea+
40% nitrolim ,+60% nitrolim of 40% urea), 5 processing are denoted as CK, N, CN1, CN2, CN3 respectively.Random district's groups
Experimental design, 3 repetitions, plot area 20m2, rice transplanting spacing is 16.7cm × 20cm.Ridge, ridge are done among cell
Upper covering plastic film, and in film is earthed, prevent side from oozing, and use independent irrigation and drainage channels respectively.Fertilising is according to N:
P2O5:K2O=1:0.5:0.8 progress phosphorus potash fertilizer with applying, make base manure and disposably applied simultaneously within first 1 week in transplanting by calcium cyanamide granular fertilizer
It turns over and buries, nitrogenous fertilizer base is chased after than for base manure:Fetilizer for tillering:Ear manuer=6:2:2, (calcium superphosphate contains P to phosphate fertilizer2O512%) disposable to make
Base manure applies, and (potassium chloride contains K to potash fertilizer2O 60%) with base manure:Fetilizer for tillering=6:4 apply.
1.2 measure project and method
Growth and development characteristic：Rice stem--tiller dynamics are observed, a stem tiller number is recorded in observation in every 5 days；In tillering regularity, booting
Phase, heading stage, milk stage and maturity period sampling, measure Measurement of Leaf Area In Rice (length and width method), calculate leaf area index (LAI)；Branch
Position packs, and through 80 DEG C, drying to constant weight after 105 DEG C of water-removing 30min, measures rice dry matter weight.In tillering regularity, boot stage, pumping
Ear period, milk stage and maturity period sampling measure sword-like leave SPAD values (tillering regularity surveys 2 leaves).
Yield and yield component：Maturity period investigates continuous 60 cave rice number of productive ear per cell, and it is effective to calculate single cave
Then spike number samples 5 caves per cell by average effective spike number, take back laboratory and investigate number of grain per ear, setting percentage and mass of 1000 kernel.Respectively
The random paid 3 × 1m of cell2Rice, a point contracture are shone, and actual production is converted by 13.5% water content.
Rice quality：Rice milling quality (brown rice yield, polished rice rate, head rice rate), appearance product are measured using conventional method
(crude protein contains for matter (chalky grain rate, chalkiness degree, length-width ratio), cooking quality (caustic SCC, amylose content) and nutritional quality
Amount).
Plant nitrogen content：In conjunction with rice maturity species test sample, it is divided into the separately pack of the part such as blade, stalk, spike of rice,
It pulverizes and sieves after drying, H2SO4-H2O2Method digests, and Continuous Flow Analysis instrument measures the total nitrogen content of Plant samples, calculates each portion
Position Nitrogen Accumulation amount.
Nitrogen utilization efficiency：It calculates utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen utilization efficiency, computational methods is as shown in table 1：
1.3 data processing
2010 softwares of Excel carry out data statistic analysis, and SPSS 22.0 carries out variance analysis.
1 nitrogen utilization efficiency relevant evaluation index of table and computational methods
Table 1 Evaluation indexes of nitrogen use efficiency and their
calculation methods
2 results and analysis
2.1 nitrogen fertilizer amounts and influence of the mode to Hunan south late rice economical character of planning strategies for
2.1.1 rice stem tiller is dynamically influenced
It is stronger with 12N processing rice tillering power in each nitrogen amount applied processing, compared with 14N and 10N horizontal processing highest seedling stages height
1~2, heading stage high 0.5-1 roots.Between different Nitrogen application regime processing, 10N-4 and 10N-1 processing stem tiller numbers are contained in tiller
Phase and highest seedling stage are higher than 10N-2 and 10N-3, but mostly ineffective tillering；In 12N and 14N processing, 12N-2,12N-4 and 14N-
2,14N-4 processing tiller number early period is higher, but before and after heading stage, due to ineffective tillering mortality, rice stem tiller between each processing
Number difference is little.All in all, higher with the horizontal rice stem tiller numbers of 12N and 14N, wherein handled with (- 4) and (- 2) higher again.
2.1.2 to the influence of rice aerial part dry matter weight
As shown in table 2, (amount of nitrogen, P=0.00 in addition to tillering regularity；Nitrogen management, P=0.00；Analysis of variance table omits),
Late rice aerial part dry-matter accumulation is in other each growthdevelopmental stage amount of nitrogens and Nitrogen management mode without main effect (P >
0.05).The processing of 14N nitrogen amount applieds is higher in each growthdevelopmental stage rice dry matter accumulation, and is substantially in 14N > 12N >
10N.In Nitrogen management mode, (- 4) processing is higher in rice tillering peak period, and each processing is not shown in other each growthdevelopmental stage differences
It writes.In addition to tillering regularity (P=0.00), there is no significantly interactions to imitate in other each growthdevelopmental stages for amount of nitrogen × Nitrogen management mode
It answers (P > 0.05), and tillering regularity has (- 4) processing rice dry matter accumulation higher.
2 nitrogen fertilizer amount of table and mode of planning strategies for are to the influence (t/hm of rice aerial part dry-matter accumulation2)
Table 8 Effect of nitrogen application rate and nitrogen management
on overground dry matter accumulation of rice
Note：With 0.05 horizontal significant difference of column data difference lowercase letter in same column.Similarly hereinafter.
2.1.3 to the influence of rice LAI (LAI)
In addition to boot stage, there is main effect (P < 0.05) in amount of nitrogen, and be substantially in each growthdevelopmental stage to late rice LAI
14N > 12N > 10N, CK processing is relatively low in each growthdevelopmental stage LAI of rice, as shown in table 3.Nitrogen management mode is except maturation
Outside phase there is main effect (P < 0.05) in each growthdevelopmental stage to oryza sativa l. AI, and (- 1) handles leaf area index in each growthdevelopmental stage
It is relatively low；Significant interaction is not present in boot stage and maturity period.In 10N levels, mode of respectively planning strategies for has no bright in the performance of each period
Rule is shown, and the maturity period reaches unanimity；In 12N levels, (- 4) processing is higher in each growthdevelopmental stage LAI of rice；14N is horizontal
In, (- 4) processing is in higher level in each growthdevelopmental stage LAI of rice.On the whole, heavy dressing base fetilizer for tillering is conducive to improve evening
Rice LAI.
3 nitrogen fertilizer amount of table and influence of the mode to rice LAI (LAI) of planning strategies for
Table 9 Effect of nitrogen application rate and nitrogen management
on LAI of rice
2.1.4 to the influence of rice SPAD values
As shown in table 4, in addition to boot stage and maturity period, amount of nitrogen is in each growthdevelopmental stage to late rice blade SPAD values without main effect
It answers (P > 0.05, analysis of variance table omit)；The horizontal processing of boot stage 10N is substantially less than 14N horizontal processings (P=0.02)；Maturity period
10N horizontal processings are substantially less than 12N levels and 14N processing (P=0.03).Nitrogen management mode exists at heading stage and pustulation period
Main effect (P < 0.05), and there is (- 1) processing to be significantly higher than (- 4) processing.In addition to tillering regularity, in each growthdevelopmental stage of rice
Notable interaction is not present in amount of nitrogen × Nitrogen management mode.In tillering regularity 10N nitrogen amount applieds, (- 4) processing is higher；
In 12N horizontal processings, (- 3) processing is significantly higher；Without significant difference between the horizontal each processing of 14N；It follows that under low nitrogen level,
Heavy dressing base fetilizer for tillering is conducive to improve Rice Growing chlorophyll content early period.
4 nitrogen fertilizer amount of table and influence of the mode to rice leaf SPAD values of planning strategies for
Table 10 Effect of nitrogen application rate and nitrogen management
on leaf LAI values of rice
The influence that 2.2 nitrogen fertilizer amounts and mode of planning strategies for constitute Hunan south late rice yield
As shown in table 5, CK handles the effective fringe of rice unit area and yield is substantially less than Nitrogen applications, but number of grain per ear,
Setting percentage and mass of 1000 kernel are higher.There are main effect (P=0.00) to the effective fringe of unit area for amount of nitrogen, and have 14N > 12N >
10N, significant difference；Nitrogen management mode to the effective fringe of unit area there are main effect (P=0.00), and (- 4) processing significantly compared with
It is low；Amount of nitrogen and Nitrogen management mode have a notable interaction (P=0.00), and (- 1) handles significantly higher, (- 4) in 10N levels
It handles relatively low；(- 3) processing is relatively low in 12N levels, notable with (- 1) processing difference；(- 1) processing is significantly lower in 14N levels.
Shifting processing can be obviously improved the effective fringe of late rice unit area after nitrogen in it can be seen that, under low nitrogen level, and the processing of high nitrogen is on the contrary.
5 nitrogen fertilizer amount of table and influence of the mode to rice yield and its constituent element of planning strategies for
Table 11 Effect of nitrogen application rate and nitrogen management
on yield and its components of l rice
Amount of nitrogen is to rice number of grain per ear without main effect (P=0.31), and there are main effect (P=for Nitrogen management mode
0.00), it is in (- 1) > (- 3), (- 4) > (- 2) processing, and significant difference；There are interaction (P=0.00), 10N water for the two
(- 4) processing is significantly higher than (- 2), (- 3) processing in flat；12N processing is in (- 1) > (- 3), (- 4) > (- 2), significant difference；14N
Horizontal (- 1) processing is significantly higher than (- 4) processing.It is not difficult to find out, the changing rule of 10N and 14N horizontal processing number of grain per ears, to it
There are significant compensating effects for the effective fringe of unit area.
Main effect (P=0.22) is not present to Seed-Setting Percentage in Rice in amount of nitrogen, and there are main effect (P=for Nitrogen management mode
0.00), it is in (- 1) > (- 2), (- 4) > (- 3), significant difference；For the two there are significant interaction (P=0.00), 10N is horizontal
In be in (- 2), (- 4) > (- 1) > (- 3), significant difference；(- 1) processing is significantly higher in 12N and 14N levels, it is seen that middle and high nitrogen
It is moved under level, after nitrogen and is conducive to improve late rice setting percentage.In terms of mass of 1000 kernel, amount of nitrogen and Nitrogen management mode without main effect and
Interaction (the results of analysis of variance is respectively P=0.58, P=0.20, P=0.14).
Amount of nitrogen is to rice yield without main effect (P=0.22)；Nitrogen management mode has there are main effect (P=0.00)
Handle (- 1) > (- 2), (- 3) > (- 4), significant difference；There are significant interaction (P=0.00) 10N and 12N levels for the two
In substantially be in (- 1) > (- 2) > (- 3) > (- 4) rule；(- 4) processing is substantially less than other processing in 14N levels, is moved after nitrogen
Processing can effectively improve rice yield, but amount of increase in production is little.
2.3 nitrogen fertilizer amounts and influence of the mode to Hunan south late rice nitrogen utilization efficiency of planning strategies for
2.3.1 to the influence of aerial part nitrogen accumulation amount
By table 6 as it can be seen that amount of nitrogen in rice tillering peak period, heading stage and maturity period to rice aerial part nitrogen accumulation amount
There is main effect (P=0.00), in 14N > 12N > 10N, significant difference, and CK processing is significantly lower.Nitrogen management mode
There is main effect (P=0.00) to rice aerial part nitrogen accumulation amount in above 3 growthdevelopmental stages.Tillering regularity (- 4)
It handles significantly higher；Heading stage handles significantly higher in (- 3)；Maturity period (- 1) and (- 2) processing are significantly higher.Amount of nitrogen and nitrogen
There is interaction (P=0.00) to rice aerial part nitrogen accumulation amount in above 3 growthdevelopmental stages in element mode of planning strategies for.With
Nitrogen management rule is similar, in each nitrogen amount applied, rice aerial part nitrogen accumulation amount substantially be in tillering regularity (- 4) processing compared with
It is high；Heading stage handles significantly higher in (- 3)；Maturity period (- 1) and (- 2) handle higher rule.It can be seen that amount of nitrogen and nitrogen fortune
It is roughly the same to the affecting laws of late rice nitrogen accumulation amount to raise mode：Each growthdevelopmental stage Nitrogen in Rice accumulation increases with amount of nitrogen
Add and increases；Rice Growing nitrogen accumulation amount early period can be effectively improved by increasing base fetilizer for tillering, and improving fringe granulated fertilizer ratio then can be notable
Improve the Rice Growing later stage and and nitrogen accumulation total amount, especially with low nitrogen processing (10N) performance become apparent from.
2.3.2 to the influence of late rice nitrogen utilization efficiency
As shown in table 7, there are main effect (P=0.02) to rice NPFP for amount of nitrogen, and are in 10N > 12N > 14N.Nitrogen
For mode of planning strategies for NPFP there are main effect (P=0.03), (- 4) processing is significantly lower.The two is to NPFP no interactions effects (P=
0.09).There are main effect (P=0.00) to rice ANUE for amount of nitrogen, and are in 10N > 12N > 14N, significant difference.Nitrogen management
There are main effect (P=0.00) to ANUE for mode, and in (- 1) > (- 2), (- 3), (- 4), significant difference.The two deposits ANUE
At interaction (P=0.00), in 10N horizontal processings, it is significantly higher that (- 1) handles ANUE；In 12N horizontal processings, (- 2) processing
Significantly compared with (- 3) and (- 4) height；In 14N horizontal processings, (- 4) processing is significantly lower.It can be seen that moving energy after reducing amount of nitrogen and nitrogen
It is obviously improved rice NPFP and ANUE.
There are main effect (P=0.048) to rice NRE for amount of nitrogen, and are in 14N > 10N, 12N, significant difference.Nitrogen is transported
Raising mode, there are main effect (P=0.00) to NRE, in (- 1) > (- 2) > (- 3), (- 4), significant difference.There is NRE in the two
Interaction (P=0.00) is in (- 1) > (- 2), (- 3) > (- 4), significant difference in 10N horizontal processings；12N horizontal processings
In, it is in (- 1) > (- 2), (- 4) > (- 3), significant difference；It is poor in (- 2) > (- 1), (- 3) > (- 4) in 14N horizontal processings
It is different notable；It is unfavorable for improving rice NRE as it can be seen that reducing amount of nitrogen, and shifting processing can be obviously improved rice NRE after nitrogen.
Influence (the kg/hm that 6 nitrogen fertilizer amount of table and mode of planning strategies for accumulate Nitrogen in Rice2)
Table 12 Effect of nitrogen application rate and nitrogen management
on nitrogen accumulation of rice
Amount of nitrogen to rice NHI there are main effect (P=0.00), and 10N > 12N > 14N, significant difference.Nitrogen management
There are main effect (P=0.00) to rice NHI for mode, are in (- 1) > (- 2), (- 3) > (- 4), significant difference.The two deposits NHI
At interaction (P=0.00), in 10N horizontal processings, (- 1), (- 3) processing are significantly higher；In 12N horizontal processings, (- 1), (-
2) it handles significantly higher；(- 3) processing is significantly higher in 14N horizontal processings.There are main effect (P=to rice NPE for amount of nitrogen
, and 10N > 12N > 14N 0.00).There are main effect (P=0.00) to rice NPE for Nitrogen management mode, are in (- 1) > (- 3) >
(- 2) > (- 4).There are interaction (P=0.00) to NPE for the two, in 10N horizontal processings, (- 1), (- 3) processing significantly compared with
It is high；In 12N horizontal processings, (- 1), (- 2) processing are significantly higher；(- 3) processing is significantly higher in 14N horizontal processings.It is overall next
It sees, rice NHI and NPE can be significantly improved by reducing amount of nitrogen, and be moved after nitrogen, be moved after the nitrogen under especially low nitrogen level, energy
Significantly improve rice NHI and NPE.
There are main effect (P=0.02) to rice NTE for amount of nitrogen, and are in 10N, 12N > 14N.And Nitrogen management mode pair
There are main effect (P=0.00) by rice NTE, are in (- 3) > (- 4) > (- 1) > (- 2).There are interaction (P=to NTE for the two
0.00), in 10N horizontal processings, (- 3) processing is significantly higher；In 12N horizontal processings, (- 2) processing is significantly higher；At 14N levels
(- 3) and (- 4) processing is significantly higher in reason.It can be seen that reducing amount of nitrogen energy significantly rice NTE, and increases base fetilizer for tillering and be then more advantageous to
Promote rice NTE.
7 nitrogen fertilizer amount of table and influence of the mode to late rice nitrogen utilization efficiency of planning strategies for
Table 13 Effect of nitrogen application rate and nitrogen management
on nitrogen utilization efficiency of late rice
The correlation analysis of 2.4 Hunan south late rice Nitrogen utilities and nitrogenous fertilizer freight volume and Nitrogen management mode
As shown in table 8, amount of nitrogen and effective fringe are in extremely notable positive correlation, between rice yield and other constituent elements
Without significant correlation.Amount of nitrogen is in extremely notable negative correlativing relation with NPFP, ANUE, NHI and NPE.In terms of Nitrogen management mode,
Under 10N levels, amount of application and the yield of fringe granulated fertilizer are in extremely notable positive correlation, are in notable positive correlation with the effective fringe of unit area, with
Number of grain per ear is in significantly negatively correlated.The amount of application of fringe granulated fertilizer is in notable positive correlation with NPFP, ANUE and NRE, with NTE in significantly negative
It is related.Under 12N levels, amount of application and the yield of fringe granulated fertilizer are in notable positive correlation, are in extremely notable positive correlation with setting percentage；With
NPFP, ANUE and NRE are in notable positive correlation, with NTE in significantly negatively correlated.Under 14N levels, amount of application and the yield of fringe granulated fertilizer are in
Extremely notable positive correlation is in notable positive correlation with number of grain per ear, and with mass of 1000 kernel in significantly negatively correlated；The amount of application of fringe granulated fertilizer with
NPFP, ANUE are in certain positive correlation with NRE, but not significantly in notable positive correlation, with NTE in certain negative correlation, also not significantly.
8 nitrogen fertilizer amount of table and plan strategies for mode and rice yield composition and the correlation analysis of nitrogen utilization efficiency
Table 14 orrelation analysis of nitrogen application rate,nitrogen
management and rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency
①：Amount of nitrogen presses 150kg/hm2、180kg/hm2、210kg/hm2Positive sequence carries out correlation analysis.
②：Nitrogen management mode is quantified as the percentage that fringe granulated fertilizer accounts for applied nitrogen total amount herein, by (- 4), (- 3),
The 4 kinds of modes of planning strategies in (- 2) and (- 1) mutually should be 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% positive sequence and carry out correlation analysis.
③：" * " represents notable in 0.05 level difference；" * * " represents notable in 0.01 level difference.
2.5 nitrolims match the influence applied to late rice yield and its constituent element with urea
Seen by table 9, rice yield is in CN2 > CN3 > CN1 > N > CK, and wherein CN2 processing is significantly higher than other processing, CK
Processing is substantially less than other processing, and without significant difference between N, CN1 and CN3 processing, CN1, CN2 and CN3 processing are respectively compared with CK processing
Volume increase 1.3%, 14.7% and 6.8%.CN3 handles effective panicles per unit area highest, and secondly CN2 processing occupies, the two difference is not
Significantly, but the two is significantly higher than CN1 and N processing, and CK processing is minimum, substantially less than Nitrogen applications；Number of grain per ear is with CN1 processing
It is slightly higher, but difference is not notable between each processing；Setting percentage handles highest with CK, is significantly higher than 4 Nitrogen applications；Setting percentage with
CN2 processing is minimum, and each Nitrogen applications are substantially less than CK processing；Mass of 1000 kernel handles minimum, substantially less than other processing with N.Always
For body, there is certain effect of increasing production to late rice with nitrolim is applied, wherein effect is most for CN2 processing (with 40% nitrolim is applied)
Good, the main reason for yield significantly improves is that the effective fringe of unit area dramatically increases.
9 nitrolim of table matches the influence applied to late rice yield and its constituent element with urea
Table 3 Effect of combined application of calcium cyanamide and urea
on yield and its components of late rice
Note：Reach 0.05 level of signifiance with column data difference lowercase letter indication difference.Similarly hereinafter.
2.6 nitrolims match the influence applied to late rice rice matter with urea
By table 10 as it can be seen that brown rice yield handles higher, minimum, the two significant difference of CN1 processing, difference between other processing with N
Less；Polished rice rate is in CN3 > N > CN2 > CK > CN1 trend, and wherein CN1 processing is substantially less than other processing；Head rice rate is in
CN2 > CK > CN3 > N > CN1 handle trend, and wherein CN2 processing is significantly higher than other processing, and CN1 processing is substantially less than it
He is handled；Each processing rice length-width ratio is without significant difference；Chalky grain rate handles trend in CK > CN2 > N > CN1 > CN3, wherein
CN2 and CK is without significant difference, significant difference between other processing；Chalkiness degree handles trend in CK > CN2 > N > CN1 > CN3,
Middle CK processing is significantly higher than other processing；CN3 processing caustic SCCs (5 grades) are significantly higher than other processing (4 grades)；Crude protein content is in
CN3 > CN2 > CN1 > N > CK trend, difference is not significantly outer between going out CN2 and CN3 processing, and there were significant differences between other processing,
It is best with CN2 treatment effects；Amylose content is without significant difference between each processing.In general, with applying nitrolim to rice
Rice overall quality influence little, but the crude protein content of late rice rice can be obviously improved.
10 nitrolim of table matches the influence applied to rice quality with urea
Table 4 Effect of combined application of calcium cyanamide and urea
on rice quality
2.7 nitrolims match the influence applied to late rice nitrogen accumulation and utilization ratio with urea
2.7.1 to the influence of each position nitrogen accumulation amount
Rice maturity blade, stalk, spike of rice and whole strain nitrogen accumulation amount is set to significantly increase as it can be seen that applying nitrogen by table 11,4
Nitrogen applications compare, and CN1 is suitable with N processing, and CN2 processing is compared with the high 3.12-3.52kg/hm of CN1, N processing2, but difference is not notable,
And CN3 processing is significantly higher than CN1 and N processing.As it can be seen that Hunan south late rice nitrogen accumulation can be improved with 40%-60% nitrolims are applied
Amount, purer Urea treatment improves notable under the conditions of with 60% nitrolim is applied.
11 nitrolim of table matches the influence (kg/hm applied to late rice nitrogen accumulation with urea2)
Table 3 Effect of combined application of calcium cyanamide and urea
on nitrogen accumulation of late rice
2.7.2 nitrolim matches the influence applied to late rice nitrogen utilization efficiency with urea
The nitrogen utilization efficiency index (table 12) for analyzing each Nitrogen applications, finds the nitrogen utilization efficiency of each Nitrogen applications
Significant difference：Nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency shows CN2 > CN3 > CN1 > N and handles trend, except CN1 processing is not notable with N processing differences
Outside, equal significant difference between other processing；Wilfully force of labor also shows CN2 > CN3 > CN1 > N processing trend to nitrogen, but at only CN2
Reason is significantly higher than N processing；Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer shows CN3 > CN2 > CN1 > N and handles trend, wherein CN3 processing is significantly higher than N
Processing.On the whole, late rice nitrogen utilization efficiency can be improved with applying nitrolim, under the conditions of with 40%-60% is applied effect compared with
It is good.
12 nitrolim of table matches the influence applied to late rice nitrogen utilization efficiency with urea
Table 6 Effect of combined application of calcium cyanamide and urea
on N utilization efficiency of late rice
2.8 nitrolims match the correlation for applying ratio and rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency
Correlation analysis (table 13) is carried out with ratio of applying and rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency index to nitrolim, is found
Nitrolim is in notable positive correlation with ratio of applying and yield, effective panicles per unit area, is in certain positive correlation with mass of 1000 kernel, with knot
Real rate is in certain negative correlativing relation, but does not reach the level of signifiance；It is little with number of grain per ear correlation.Nitrolim, which is matched, applies ratio and water
Rice NPFP and ANUE are in notable positive correlation, and are in certain positive correlation with NRE, but do not reach the level of signifiance.All in all, it improves
Nitrolim is advantageous to improving survey yield, number of productive ear and nitrogen use efficiency with ratio of applying.
13 nitrolim of table matches the correlation for applying ratio and late rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency
Table 7 Correlation between application proportion of calcium
cyanamide and late rice yield and N utilization efficiency
Note：* it is notable to represent 0.05 level difference.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is without being limited thereto, it is any ripe
Those skilled in the art are known in the technical scope of present disclosure, the letter for the technical solution that can be become apparent to
Altered or equivalence replacement are each fallen in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of Hunan south late rice high-yield and high-efficiency fertilizing method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1 determines Hunan south late rice optimum nitrogen rate and Nitrogen application regime:Nitrogen fertilizer amount 150kg/hm2, Nitrogen application regime
It is base manure:Fetilizer for tillering:Ear manuer:Granulated fertilizer ratio 4:3:2:1；
Step 2 determines urea and nitrolim with applying ratio：Late rice nitrogen utilization efficiency can be improved with nitrolim is applied, with applying
Ratio is 40%-60%.
2. Hunan south late rice high-yield and high-efficiency fertilizing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described with applying in step 2
Ratio is 40%.
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