CN109853460B - Impermeable ladder-pool system for repairing mountain area dewatering river channel - Google Patents
Impermeable ladder-pool system for repairing mountain area dewatering river channel Download PDFInfo
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- CN109853460B CN109853460B CN201910044470.0A CN201910044470A CN109853460B CN 109853460 B CN109853460 B CN 109853460B CN 201910044470 A CN201910044470 A CN 201910044470A CN 109853460 B CN109853460 B CN 109853460B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
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Abstract
The invention discloses an impermeable ladder-pool system for repairing a mountain dewatering river channel, which is in a pit shape as a whole, and comprises a pool with impermeable performance and a ladder with water retaining performance, wherein the pool is arranged in the mountain dewatering river channel, stones with different sizes are stacked on the edge of the pool in a mutually nested mode, the pool sequentially comprises pit bottom sand pebbles, substrate small rubble, substrate fine sand, impermeable layers, cushion coarse sand and surface sand pebbles from bottom to top, and the pool depth is 0.5-2 m. According to the invention, the ladder-deep pool system with seepage prevention and water storage performances is constructed on the sandy egg river bed, so that a basic refuge place can be provided for aquatic organisms such as fish in a mountain area dehydration-reducing river channel, and the ecological water requirement of the river channel is met. The invention has simple design, easy construction, proper layout form and number according to local conditions, no operation cost, and is suitable for ecological restoration of small hydropower stations in rich rainfall mountain areas and ecological management of downstream river channels of dams (gates) with little rainfall but a certain flow rate at regular intervals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of river ecological restoration, in particular to an impermeable ladder-pool system for restoring a mountain dewatering river.
Background
The method is restricted by various factors (including policies, planning, design, funds, technical level and the like) in history, and some small hydropower station projects which are still running in China at early stage are developed and built, especially diversion type power stations, so that the water quantity in a river channel under a dam (gate) is reduced or cut off compared with that under natural conditions. The existing researches show that the generation of the dehydrated river reach is reduced, the connectivity of the river is destroyed, the ecological water in the downstream river is influenced, aquatic organisms and habitats thereof are greatly damaged, and in addition, the water quality is possibly deteriorated due to the fact that the water quantity is greatly reduced, so that the water ecological system is deteriorated. In the past period, because the small hydropower stations are mainly built in mountain rivers and are relatively far away, people have low attention to the problem of reducing and dewatering the river channel caused by the small hydropower stations. However, with the importance of national ecological priority and green development and the increasing public demands on water environment and water landscape, the contradiction between hydropower station power generation and downstream river ecological water demand is increasingly prominent, and the demand for developing ecological restoration of dewatering river is increasingly vigorous.
The artificial ladder-pond system is one of the main types of river course aquatic habitat restoration projects, and has few application cases (Yu Guoan, wang Zhaoyin, zhang Kang and the like) in domestic and foreign mountain river ecological Management. The principle is based on the imitation of the structure and the form of a natural ladder-deep pool system, and by means of measures such as artificial stone throwing, setting up a spur dike and the like, a ladder-deep pool sequence with certain water retaining and water storage functions is constructed on a riverbed, and a relatively stable and diverse aquatic organism habitat is constructed, so that the aim of ecological management of a riverway is fulfilled. At present, the existing artificial ladder-deep pool system at home and abroad mainly changes the flow and direction of river water along the longitudinal and transverse directions of a river channel through water retaining facilities such as riprap, spur dike and the like so as to shape various habitats (Yu Guoan, wang Zhaoyin, zhang Kang and the like. The artificial ladder-deep pool improves the roles of the aquatic habitats and ecology of the undercut river, water conservancy journal, 2008,39 (2): 162-7), but the water cannot be prevented from leaking along the vertical direction of the river bed due to no anti-seepage water retaining measures, so that the system is difficult to be directly applied to ecological restoration of the dewatering river channel with strong permeability.
The inventor has found that in the process of implementing the invention: the sand egg river bed leakage amount of the vast mountain river in China is large, and particularly the mountain river with karst terrain has the remarkable river bed leakage problem. Meanwhile, the field investigation result aiming at the problem of dehydration of small hydropower stations in mountain areas shows that: (1) the small hydropower station has very little drainage flow through a dam (gate), and downstream river channels are commonly cut off; (2) only after rainfall or flood, a small amount of water is retained in some ponds of the dewatering river course; (3) due to the severe seepage of the sandy egg beds, this retained small amount of water is lost in a short period of time. Therefore, without solving the problem of sand egg river bed leakage, a small amount of river water retained in the dehydrated river is difficult to store, and the basic living space or refuge space necessary for aquatic organisms cannot be maintained.
Therefore, the artificial ladder-deep pool technical scheme with seepage prevention performance is designed aiming at the actual demand of the dewatering-reducing river channel ecological restoration of the small hydropower station and the sand egg quality river bed seepage problem of the mountain river, and has important application value in the aspect of ecological management of the small river under the ecological restoration of the dewatering-reducing river channel and other engineering disturbance of the small hydropower station in the mountain area of China.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, the invention provides an impermeable ladder-pool system for repairing a mountain dewatering riverway, which aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and the invention constructs the ladder-pool system with impermeable and water storage performances on a sandy egg riverbed by performing impermeable reconstruction on some pool pits distributed in the mountain dewatering riverway, so that a basic shelter can be provided for aquatic organisms such as fishes in the mountain dewatering riverway, and the ecological water requirement of the riverway is met.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a prevent seepage type ladder-pond system for mountain area subtracts dehydration river course restoration, wholly is the pit form, including the pond that has seepage prevention performance and the ladder of manger plate performance that sets up in the mountain area subtracts dehydration river course, the ladder adopts the stone of size difference to pile up at the pond edge with mutual nested mode, the pond is from supreme bottom of the pit sandy pebble, substrate little rubble, substrate fine sand, barrier layer, cushion course coarse sand and the surperficial sandy pebble of following in proper order, and pond pit degree of depth is 0.5 ~ 2m.
Further, the manufacturing steps of the pool are as follows:
the pit bottom sand pebbles are large pebbles or gravels which are originally in the pit, pit bottom sand pebbles are filled with substrate small gravels, pits which are randomly distributed in the pit bottom sand pebbles are filled with the substrate small gravels, the pit bottom is in a concave circular arc shape in the longitudinal section of a river bed, the grain diameter is 1-4 cm, and the thickness is 5-8cm after pit bottom sand pebbles are filled with the pits;
the substrate fine sand is used as a bottom lining of the impermeable layer and is distributed above the substrate small broken stone and below the impermeable layer, the grain size is smaller than 0.35mm, and the distribution thickness is 5-7 cm;
the impermeable layer is treated by impermeable geotextile or local clay materials;
the coarse sand of the cushion layer is used as a top lining masonry of the impermeable layer, and is distributed on the impermeable layer, the grain size is 0.5-2 mm, and the thickness is 5-8 cm;
laying surface layer sandy pebbles on the coarse sand of the bedding layer to make the deep pool reach the habitat condition of the aquatic organisms.
Further, the impermeable layer is made of a high-density polyethylene geomembrane with the impermeable geotextile thickness of 1-3 mm; if clay is selected, the thickness of the compacted clay is calculated and determined by using Darcy's law by combining the clay permeability coefficient, pool water level and water retention time.
Further, the surface sand pebbles consist of one or more of pebbles, gravels, stones and small gravels.
Furthermore, the height of the steps is 0.5-1 m, and the functions of water blocking and pool protection are achieved.
Furthermore, the size of the seepage-proof ladder-pool system is determined according to the shape of the existing pool in a specific riverbed, and the seepage-proof ladder-pool system is arranged singly or in a plurality of scattered or continuous ways, and the arrangement quantity is determined according to the ecological water demand in a specific dewatering riverway and the water storage quantity of each pool.
The invention has the advantages and effects that: the anti-seepage treatment is carried out on some ponds existing in the mountain area dewatering river channel by adopting low-cost anti-seepage materials, a ladder-pond system with anti-seepage and water storage performances is constructed on the sandy egg river bed, refuge places can be provided for aquatic organisms such as fishes, and the rise of biological density and the recovery of population quantity are promoted; the artificial seepage-proof ladder-pool system of 10 places is distributed in a water-reducing river reach of about 400m below a typical small hydropower station dam in a mountain area in the south, and ecological restoration experiments for 6 months are carried out, so that the ecological restoration experiment shows that: the density of benthonic animals per unit area is increased by about 22 percent compared with that before restoration, and the number of indigenous fishes is increased by about 18 percent; the influence on the river channel is small, and the height of the built steps is smaller than 1m, so that the flood discharge of the river channel and the like are not influenced as the existing pool pit in the dewatering-reducing river channel is only properly modified and utilized; the method has the advantages of simple design, easy construction, proper layout form and quantity according to local conditions, no operation cost, suitability for ecological restoration of the dewatering river channel of the small hydropower station in the rainfall-rich mountain area, and suitability for ecological management of the downstream river channel of the dam with less rainfall but a certain flow rate discharged periodically.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a longitudinal section of a seepage-proofing ladder-pool system along a riverbed;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a longitudinal section of a single impermeable ladder-pool system of the present invention deployed in a dehydration reducing channel;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a single impermeable ladder-pool system of the present invention deployed in a dehydration reducing channel;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a longitudinal section of a dewatering reducing river course with a plurality of impermeable ladder-pool systems of the present invention distributed therein;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a plurality of impervious ladder-pool systems of the present invention distributed in a dewatering reducing river;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a longitudinal section of a dewatering reducing river channel with a plurality of impermeable ladder-pool systems of the present invention arranged in series;
fig. 7 is a schematic top view of a dewatering reducing river channel continuously arranged with a plurality of impermeable ladder-pool systems according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-deep pool, 2-ladder, 3-pit bottom sand pebble, 4-substrate small gravels, 5-substrate fine sand, 6-impermeable layer, 7-cushion fine sand and 8-surface sand pebble.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a longitudinal section structure of an impermeable ladder-pond system along a riverbed, wherein the ladder-pond system is in a pit shape as a whole, and comprises a pond 1 with impermeable performance and a ladder 2 with water retaining performance, which are arranged in a small hydropower station dewatering riverway in a mountain area, wherein the pond 1 is formed by performing impermeable transformation on some ponds in the riverway by adopting impermeable geotechnical cloth, clay, broken stone, pebbles, sand and other materials, and the pond pit depth is generally 0.5-2 m; the steps 2 are stacked on the edge of the deep pool 1 in a mutually nested mode by stones with different sizes, so that impact damage of flood to the deep pool 1 is prevented, meanwhile, a water blocking effect is achieved, and the height is 0.5-1 m.
The deep pool 1 is composed of pit bottom sand pebbles 3, substrate small gravels 4, substrate fine sand 5, an impermeable layer 6, cushion coarse sand 7 and surface sand pebbles 8 in sequence from bottom to top, namely, a layer of pit bottom sand pebbles 3 is arranged on the pit bottom sand pebbles 3, a layer of substrate fine sand 5 is arranged on the pit bottom sand pebbles 3, an impermeable material is arranged on the substrate fine sand 5 to form the impermeable layer 6, the impermeable layer 6 is provided with a layer of cushion coarse sand 7, and a layer of surface sand pebbles 8 which are basically consistent with the natural river bed structure are arranged on the cushion coarse sand 7.
The pit bottom sand pebbles 3 are large pebbles or gravels (the particle size is generally more than 10 cm) which are originally in the pit. The substrate small broken stones 4 are used for filling up the pits randomly distributed in the pit bottom sand pebbles 3, so that the longitudinal section of the pit bottom riverbed is in a concave circular arc shape, the particle size of the substrate small broken stones 4 is 1-4 cm, and the thickness of the laid pit is 5-8cm after filling up the pits in the pit bottom sand pebbles 3. The substrate fine sand 5 is used as a bottom lining of the impermeable layer 6 and is arranged above the substrate small broken stone 4 and below the impermeable layer 6, the particle size of the substrate fine sand 5 is smaller than 0.35mm, and the arrangement thickness is 5-7 cm. The impermeable layer 6 is treated by using impermeable geotextile or local clay and other materials, and a high-density polyethylene geomembrane with the thickness of 1-3 mm is selected as the impermeable geotextile; if clay is selected, clay thickness is calculated and determined by using Darcy's law formula in combination with factors such as clay permeability coefficient, pool water storage level, water retention time and the like (for example, when the clay coefficient is 0.001m/d and the average water depth is 1m, if the water level of the pool pit is ensured not to drop by more than 0.5m due to seepage within 2 months, the clay thickness is at least 12 cm). The coarse sand 7 is used as a top lining of the impermeable layer 6, and is distributed on the impermeable layer 6, the grain size is 0.5-2 mm, and the thickness is 5-8cm. According to the sand-egg structure of the natural river bed, the surface sand-gravel 8 is distributed on the coarse sand 7 of the cushion layer, so that the deep pool 1 reaches the habitat condition of aquatic organisms, and the surface sand-gravel 8 can be made of various materials such as pebbles, gravels, stones, broken stones and the like with different sizes.
The size of the ladder-pool system is determined according to the shape of the existing pool in a specific riverbed, and the ladder-pool system can be arranged singly (fig. 2 and 3), can be distributed in a plurality of scattered ways (fig. 4 and 5) and can be arranged in a plurality of continuous ways (fig. 6 and 7), and the arrangement quantity of the ladder-pool system is determined according to the ecological water consumption requirement in a specific dehydrated riverway and the water storage quantity of each pool.
According to the invention, a low-cost seepage-proofing material is adopted to perform seepage-proofing treatment on some ponds existing in a mountain dewatering riverway, and a ladder-pond system with seepage-proofing and water storage performances is constructed on a sandy egg riverbed, so that a refuge place can be provided for aquatic organisms such as fishes; the influence on the river channel is small, and the height of the built steps is smaller than 1m, so that the flood discharge of the river channel and the like are not influenced as the existing pool pit in the dewatering-reducing river channel is only properly modified and utilized; the method has the advantages of simple design, easy construction, proper layout form and quantity according to local conditions, no operation cost, suitability for ecological restoration of the dewatering river channel of the small hydropower station in the rainfall-rich mountain area, and suitability for ecological management of the downstream river channel of the dam with less rainfall but a certain flow rate discharged periodically.
Claims (5)
1. A prevention of seepage formula ladder-deep pool system that is used for mountain area to subtract dehydration river course to restore, its characterized in that: the whole pit-shaped river basin is pit-shaped and comprises a deep pool (1) with seepage prevention performance and a ladder (2) with water blocking performance, wherein the deep pool (1) is arranged in a mountain dewatering river course, stones with different sizes are stacked at the edge of the deep pool (1) in a mutually nested mode, the deep pool (1) is sequentially formed by pit bottom sand pebbles (3), substrate small gravels (4), substrate fine sand (5), an impermeable layer (6), cushion coarse sand (7) and surface sand pebbles (8) from bottom to top, and the depth of the pit is 0.5-2 m;
the manufacturing steps of the deep pool (1) are as follows:
(a) The pit bottom sand pebbles (3) are large pebbles or gravels which are originally in a pit, pit bottom sand pebbles (3) are filled with substrate small gravels (4) to form pits which are randomly distributed in the pit bottom sand pebbles (3), the pit bottom is in a concave circular arc shape on the longitudinal section of a river bed, the grain size is 1-4 cm, and the thickness is 5-8cm after pit filling is carried out in the pit bottom sand pebbles (3);
(b) The substrate fine sand (5) is used as a bottom lining masonry of the impermeable layer (6) and is distributed above the substrate small broken stone (4) and below the impermeable layer (6), the grain size is smaller than 0.35mm, and the distribution thickness is 5-7 cm;
(c) The impermeable layer (6) is treated by impermeable geotextile or local clay materials;
(d) The cushion coarse sand (7) is used as a top lining masonry of the impermeable layer (6), is distributed on the impermeable layer (6), has the grain size of 0.5-2 mm and the thickness of 5-8 cm;
(e) And laying surface layer sandy pebbles (8) on the coarse sand (7) of the cushion layer according to the sandy ovum structure of the natural river bed, so that the deep pool (1) reaches the habitat condition of the aquatic organisms.
2. The impermeable ladder-pool system for the restoration of a mountain dewatering riverway as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the impermeable layer (6) is made of high-density polyethylene geomembrane with the impermeable geotextile thickness of 1-3 mm; if clay is selected, the thickness of the compacted clay is calculated and determined by using Darcy's law by combining the clay permeability coefficient, pool water level and water retention time.
3. The impermeable ladder-pool system for the restoration of a mountain dewatering riverway as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the surface sand pebble (8) is composed of one or more of pebbles, gravels, stones and small gravels.
4. The impermeable ladder-pool system for the restoration of a mountain dewatering riverway as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the height of the step (2) is 0.5-1 m, and the water blocking and pool protection functions.
5. The impermeable ladder-pool system for the restoration of a mountain dewatering riverway as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the size of the seepage-proof ladder-pool system is determined according to the shape of the existing pool in a specific riverbed, and the seepage-proof ladder-pool system is arranged singly or in a plurality of scattered or continuous ways, and the arrangement quantity is determined according to the ecological water demand in a specific dewatering riverway and the water storage quantity of each pool.
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| CN201910044470.0A CN109853460B (en) | 2019-01-17 | 2019-01-17 | Impermeable ladder-pool system for repairing mountain area dewatering river channel |
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Families Citing this family (3)
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| CN110754161A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-02-07 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Ecological restoration method for abandoned bare land in open coal mine area |
| CN111058469A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-04-24 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Impervious wall structure and ecological seepage-control solid bed system |
| CN114411617B (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2023-02-28 | 创新水联网科技研究院(郑州)有限公司 | Ecological management system for converting rain and flood into dry river with available water quantity |
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| JP2005155005A (en) * | 2003-09-18 | 2005-06-16 | Chichibu Taiheiyo Cement Kk | River structure suitable for growth of river organism |
| CN103195019A (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-07-10 | 清华大学 | River purifying system |
| CN209836921U (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-12-24 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Seepage-proof type step-deep pool system for restoring dewatering river channel in mountainous area |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005155005A (en) * | 2003-09-18 | 2005-06-16 | Chichibu Taiheiyo Cement Kk | River structure suitable for growth of river organism |
| CN103195019A (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-07-10 | 清华大学 | River purifying system |
| CN209836921U (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-12-24 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Seepage-proof type step-deep pool system for restoring dewatering river channel in mountainous area |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 小型水电站减脱水河段治理措施的探讨;张扬等;《水利水电工程设计》;第35卷(第3期);第37-39页 * |
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