CN103609414A - Organic ecotype soilless culture technology for muskmelons in sunlight greenhouse - Google Patents
Organic ecotype soilless culture technology for muskmelons in sunlight greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN103609414A CN103609414A CN201310605455.1A CN201310605455A CN103609414A CN 103609414 A CN103609414 A CN 103609414A CN 201310605455 A CN201310605455 A CN 201310605455A CN 103609414 A CN103609414 A CN 103609414A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
An organic ecotype soilless culture technology for muskmelons in a sunlight greenhouse is characterized by comprising the processes of matrix preparation, cultivation groove construction, variety choosing, seed treatment, strong seedling cultivation, transplanting and field planting, field management, disease and pest control, harvesting and marketing. The problems that more labor and time are consumed, cost is high, operation is not easy, and the environment is polluted in a traditional muskmelon culture and soilless culture mode are solved, and the organic ecotype soilless culture technology for the muskmelons in the sunlight greenhouse is suitable for being used for muskmelon cultivation in the sunlight greenhouse by a vegetable grower.
Description
?
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production cultivation field of vegetables, specifically a kind of greenhouse by solar heat muskmelon organic ecological soilless culture technology.
Background technology
Muskmelon (formal name used at school:
cucumis melo), have another name called honeydew melon, muskmelon, be a kind of typical tendril class herbaceous plant, before more than 4000 years, in Persian and Africa, cultivated.Muskmelon can slightly be divided into east muskmelon and the large strain of foreign muskmelon two.East muskmelon can slightly be divided into again the U.S. dense melon (var. albida Makino) of thin skin white circle and muskmelon (the var. flava Makino of the yellow olive-type of pachydermia; This is the muskmelon of general general term).And foreign muskmelon one word is to comprise various smooth bark muskmelons (var. inodorous Naud.) and net type muskmelon (var. reticulates Naud.) in the meaning of one's words; The foremost honey dew melon (Honeydew) that has Hami melon (Cantaloupe, or title cantaloupe) with the green pulp of yellow orange pulp in netted melon.Although it should be noted that Hami melon refers to the olive-type muskmelon Hami melon(var. saccharinus Naud. that originates in Xinjiang traditionally); So under net type muskmelon, belong to kind Cantaloupe in foreign muskmelon in recent years, in Chinese, be also called as Hami melon.Nutrient component and benefit materials that muskmelon contains the multiple needed by human body such as protein, carbohydrate, carotin, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, nicotinic acid, calcium, phosphorus, iron, and there is special tempting fragrance, one of fruit that nutritious ,Shi China people generally like.Fruit is the important fruit in midsummer; Herb is medicinal, the effect such as the inflammation of dispelling relieves internal heat, emetic, dehumidifying, removing jaundice subcutaneous ulcer; In < < anaesthetic > >, record, muskmelon seeds is controlled chronic bronchitis, appendicitis; Muskmelon pedicel is controlled dyspepsia, gastral cavilty lump in the abdomen, acute and chronic hepatitis; The treatments such as < < Hunan indigo plant is examined in > > and recorded muskmelon seeds, carpopodium for food poisoning, and sputum is not changed, epilepsy.
At present China adopts chamber planting thick-skinned melon more, exists and takes a lot of work, wastes the problems such as liquid manure, soil-borne disease occur heavily, has seriously restricted increasing peasant income, has caused agricultural environment pollution.
Summary of the invention
The present invention produces for solving existing muskmelon the technical deficiency existing in cultivation method, and a kind of greenhouse by solar heat muskmelon organic ecological soilless culture technology is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, a greenhouse by solar heat muskmelon organic ecological soilless culture technology, its special character comprises that substrate preparation, cultivating groove are built, kind selection, seed treatment, cultivation strong sprout, transplant planting, field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, the listing technical process of gathering:
Substrate preparation: the fertilizers such as sheep excrement, cow dung, chicken manure, the dregs of fat are added to water drenched, then cover plastic film stack retting and ferment 3-5 months; Utilize afterwards summer high temperature in greenhouse or booth, matrix to be piled to the thickness that is less than 25 cm season, length and width degree is determined on a case-by-case basis, and squirts immediately matrix, make its water content surpass 80%, then with plastic film, cover matrix heap, be enclosed within greenhouse or booth, 10~15 d are exposed to the sun; The proportioning of cultivation matrix adopts mixed-matrix to add the method for fertilizer; Mixed-matrix proportioning, as natural pond slag: stalk: river sand: slag=4: 2: 1: 0.5, in every cubic metre of mixed-matrix, add 15~25 kg fertilizers to make base fertilizer, separately add nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (15: 15: 15) composite fertilizer 2 kg, superphosphate 0.6 kg, potassium sulfate 0.8kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 kg, pH value, with 6~6.5, packs in cultivating groove after fully mixing;
Cultivating groove is built: on greenhouse by solar heat ground, directly with common brick, build into cultivating groove; The polyethylene film of 1 layer of wide l m of paving in groove; The extending direction gradient is 0.005, and it is open that two is; Flute length 10~20 m, internal diameter 48 cm, stromal thickness 15~20 cm, distance 70 cm between groove and groove; In greenhouse, build the pond of 3~4 cubic metres, every groove is laid 1 dropper; Kind is selected: select precocious or in ripe, disease resistance is strong, low temperature resistant, moisture-proof, low light tolerance, product are of fine quality, the fine work hybrid 1 generation melon variety of good looking appearance, as nets honey, spring hat, champion, golden Miss, tulip etc.; Seed treatment: volume is equivalent to 70~80 ℃ of hot-water soak seed 5~10s of 3 times of seed volumes, then seed is pulled out and put into cooling water; 10% tertiary sodium phosphate for seed is soaked 20 minutes, or put into 0.5%~1% liquor potassic permanganate and soak 10~15 minutes, then wash down with clear water; Wrapping with clean wet gauze kerchief or cotton bag through disinfecting and fully suction the seed of moisture, put into insulating box, temperature is adjusted to 28~30 ℃ and carries out vernalization, every afternoon 4~5 o'clock are stirred 1 time, after vernalization 2~3 d, have 80% seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally; Cultivate strong sprout: select the warm sunny morning will be in advance through sterilization, the cave dish of matrix is housed, be sown into seed after irrigating clear water, the degree of depth is l cm left and right, 1, every cave seed; After planting keep 25~28 ℃ of daytimes, the night environmental temperature of 15~18 ℃, matrix relative moisture requires to reach 80% left and right; After seedling all sprouts, should ventilate gradually, prevent hot and humidly, should note increasing illumination simultaneously; From the bottom of nutritive cube, water, in order to avoid disease occurs in rhizome portion; Transplant planting: early-maturing variety spacing in the rows 30~40 cm, medium variety spacing in the rows 40~45 cm, every mu of field planting 1000~1400 strains; Irrigate field planting water, root is sticked together and be combined with matrix, in order to growth of seedling; Field management: take single climing training during training, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 1 fruit; Seedling start to get rid of climing after, twine immediately tie up hang climing; 12 joints are following and more than 14 joints side shoots are all removed, and stay the side shoot of 12~14 joints; After appearring in stayed side shoot, female flower stays two leaves before female flower, and then pinching; The young melon continued growth of therefrom selecting and remain 1 and rectifying, be rectangle when young melon grows to egg size; When growing to 25~28 leaves, melon seedling smears point; From the pollination of blooming, to the fructescence, adopt drip irrigation system, every day is watered 1~2 liter in every strain, splashes into the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of 1 ‰ concentration with water; The potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliage-spray of 5 ‰ concentration 1~2 time for fruit expanding period; Fructescence imposes 0.5 ‰ concentration potassium sulfates, reduces irrigation times to promote sucrose accumulation; The extermination of disease and insect pest: the extermination of disease and insect pest of greenhouse by solar heat muskmelon ecological organic soilless culture should be to put prevention first, take the method for integrated control, 500~1000 times of liquid sprayings of 25% carbendazol wettable powder for climing rot control, 2500~3000 times of liquid sprayings of 20% triazolone emulsion for powdery mildew, 5000 times of liquid sprayings of streptomycin for bacterial leaf spot, intervals 7, d, prevented and treated 2~3 times; The yellow plate trapping of the use such as Liriomyza, aphid and employing biologic product are prevented and treated; The listing of gathering: generally 45~50 d gather after blooming, puts after gathering at room temperature through 2~3 d and allows its after-ripening, like this quality better.
technique effect
Technique effect of the present invention is, adopt above-mentioned technical scheme, can realize a kind of greenhouse by solar heat muskmelon organic ecological soilless culture technology, the problems such as taking a lot of work of having solved that muskmelon traditional cultivation and Soilless Culture Methods exist is bothersome, cost is high, not easy to operate, contaminated environment, can improve output 20%, and mouthfeel is good, sweet crisp and refreshing mouthful of taste just.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
This working of an invention process is as follows:
1, substrate preparation: the fertilizers such as sheep excrement, cow dung, chicken manure, the dregs of fat are added to water drenched, then cover plastic film stack retting and ferment 3-5 months; Utilize afterwards summer high temperature in greenhouse or booth, matrix to be piled to the thickness that is less than 25 cm season, length and width degree is determined on a case-by-case basis, and squirts immediately matrix, make its water content surpass 80%, then with plastic film, cover matrix heap, be enclosed within greenhouse or booth, 10~15 d are exposed to the sun; The proportioning of cultivation matrix adopts mixed-matrix to add the method for fertilizer; Mixed-matrix proportioning, as natural pond slag: stalk: river sand: slag=4: 2: 1: 0.5, in every cubic metre of mixed-matrix, add 15~25 kg fertilizers to make base fertilizer, separately add nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (15: 15: 15) composite fertilizer 2 kg, superphosphate 0.6 kg, potassium sulfate 0.8kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 kg, pH value, with 6~6.5, packs in cultivating groove after fully mixing;
2, cultivating groove is built: on greenhouse by solar heat ground, directly with common brick, build into cultivating groove; The polyethylene film of 1 layer of wide l m of paving in groove; The extending direction gradient is 0.005, and it is open that two is; Flute length 10~20 m, internal diameter 48 cm, stromal thickness 15~20 cm, distance 70 cm between groove and groove; In greenhouse, build the pond of 3~4 cubic metres, every groove is laid 1 dropper; 3, kind is selected: select precocious or in ripe, disease resistance is strong, low temperature resistant, moisture-proof, low light tolerance, product are of fine quality, the fine work hybrid 1 generation melon variety of good looking appearance, as nets honey, spring hat, champion, golden Miss, tulip etc.; 4, seed treatment: volume is equivalent to 70~80 ℃ of hot-water soak seed 5~10s of 3 times of seed volumes, then seed is pulled out and put into cooling water; 10% tertiary sodium phosphate for seed is soaked 20 minutes, or put into 0.5%~1% liquor potassic permanganate and soak 10~15 minutes, then wash down with clear water; Wrapping with clean wet gauze kerchief or cotton bag through disinfecting and fully suction the seed of moisture, put into insulating box, temperature is adjusted to 28~30 ℃ and carries out vernalization, every afternoon 4~5 o'clock are stirred 1 time, after vernalization 2~3 d, have 80% seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally; 5, cultivate strong sprout: select the warm sunny morning will be in advance through sterilization, the cave dish of matrix is housed, be sown into seed after irrigating clear water, the degree of depth is l cm left and right, 1, every cave seed; After planting keep 25~28 ℃ of daytimes, the night environmental temperature of 15~18 ℃, matrix relative moisture requires to reach 80% left and right; After seedling all sprouts, should ventilate gradually, prevent hot and humidly, should note increasing illumination simultaneously; From the bottom of nutritive cube, water, in order to avoid disease occurs in rhizome portion; 6, transplant planting: early-maturing variety spacing in the rows 30~40 cm, medium variety spacing in the rows 40~45 cm, every mu of field planting 1000~1400 strains; Irrigate field planting water, root is sticked together and be combined with matrix, in order to growth of seedling; 7, field management: take single climing training during training, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 1 fruit; Seedling start to get rid of climing after, twine immediately tie up hang climing; 12 joints are following and more than 14 joints side shoots are all removed, and stay the side shoot of 12~14 joints; After appearring in stayed side shoot, female flower stays two leaves before female flower, and then pinching; The young melon continued growth of therefrom selecting and remain 1 and rectifying, be rectangle when young melon grows to egg size; When growing to 25~28 leaves, melon seedling smears point; From the pollination of blooming, to the fructescence, adopt drip irrigation system, every day is watered 1~2 liter in every strain, splashes into the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of 1 ‰ concentration with water; The potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliage-spray of 5 ‰ concentration 1~2 time for fruit expanding period; Fructescence imposes 0.5 ‰ concentration potassium sulfates, reduces irrigation times to promote sucrose accumulation; 8, the extermination of disease and insect pest: the extermination of disease and insect pest of greenhouse by solar heat muskmelon ecological organic soilless culture should be to put prevention first, take the method for integrated control, 500~1000 times of liquid sprayings of 25% carbendazol wettable powder for climing rot control, 2500~3000 times of liquid sprayings of 20% triazolone emulsion for powdery mildew, 5000 times of liquid sprayings of streptomycin for bacterial leaf spot, intervals 7, d, prevented and treated 2~3 times; The yellow plate trapping of the use such as Liriomyza, aphid and employing biologic product are prevented and treated; 9, the listing of gathering: generally 45~50 d gather after blooming, puts after gathering at room temperature through 2~3 d and allows its after-ripening, like this quality better.
Claims (2)
1. a greenhouse by solar heat muskmelon organic ecological soilless culture technology, is characterized in that comprising following technical process:
Substrate preparation: the fertilizers such as sheep excrement, cow dung, chicken manure, the dregs of fat are added to water drenched, then cover plastic film stack retting and ferment 3-5 months; Utilize afterwards summer high temperature in greenhouse or booth, matrix to be piled to the thickness that is less than 25 cm season, length and width degree is determined on a case-by-case basis, and squirts immediately matrix, make its water content surpass 80%, then with plastic film, cover matrix heap, be enclosed within greenhouse or booth, 10~15 d are exposed to the sun; The proportioning of cultivation matrix adopts mixed-matrix to add the method for fertilizer; Mixed-matrix proportioning, as natural pond slag: stalk: river sand: slag=4: 2: 1: 0.5, in every cubic metre of mixed-matrix, add 15~25 kg fertilizers to make base fertilizer, separately add nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (15: 15: 15) composite fertilizer 2 kg, superphosphate 0.6 kg, potassium sulfate 0.8kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 kg, pH value, with 6~6.5, packs in cultivating groove after fully mixing;
Cultivating groove is built: on greenhouse by solar heat ground, directly with common brick, build into cultivating groove; The polyethylene film of 1 layer of wide l m of paving in groove; The extending direction gradient is 0.005, and it is open that two is; Flute length 10~20 m, internal diameter 48 cm, stromal thickness 15~20 cm, distance 70 cm between groove and groove; In greenhouse, build the pond of 3~4 cubic metres, every groove is laid 1 dropper; Kind is selected: select precocious or in ripe, disease resistance is strong, low temperature resistant, moisture-proof, low light tolerance, product are of fine quality, the fine work hybrid 1 generation melon variety of good looking appearance, as nets honey, spring hat, champion, golden Miss, tulip etc.; Seed treatment: volume is equivalent to 70~80 ℃ of hot-water soak seed 5~10s of 3 times of seed volumes, then seed is pulled out and put into cooling water; 10% tertiary sodium phosphate for seed is soaked 20 minutes, or put into 0.5%~1% liquor potassic permanganate and soak 10~15 minutes, then wash down with clear water; Wrapping with clean wet gauze kerchief or cotton bag through disinfecting and fully suction the seed of moisture, put into insulating box, temperature is adjusted to 28~30 ℃ and carries out vernalization, every afternoon 4~5 o'clock are stirred 1 time, after vernalization 2~3 d, have 80% seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally; Cultivate strong sprout: select the warm sunny morning will be in advance through sterilization, the cave dish of matrix is housed, be sown into seed after irrigating clear water, the degree of depth is l cm left and right, 1, every cave seed;
After planting keep 25~28 ℃ of daytimes, the night environmental temperature of 15~18 ℃, matrix relative moisture requires to reach 80% left and right; After seedling all sprouts, should ventilate gradually, prevent hot and humidly, should note increasing illumination simultaneously; From the bottom of nutritive cube, water, in order to avoid disease occurs in rhizome portion; Transplant planting: early-maturing variety spacing in the rows 30~40 cm, medium variety spacing in the rows 40~45 cm, every mu of field planting 1000~1400 strains; Irrigate field planting water, root is sticked together and be combined with matrix, in order to growth of seedling; Field management: take single climing training during training, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 1 fruit; Seedling start to get rid of climing after, twine immediately tie up hang climing; 12 joints are following and more than 14 joints side shoots are all removed, and stay the side shoot of 12~14 joints; After appearring in stayed side shoot, female flower stays two leaves before female flower, and then pinching; The young melon continued growth of therefrom selecting and remain 1 and rectifying, be rectangle when young melon grows to egg size; When growing to 25~28 leaves, melon seedling smears point; From the pollination of blooming, to the fructescence, adopt drip irrigation system, every day is watered 1~2 liter in every strain, splashes into the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium of 1 ‰ concentration with water; The potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliage-spray of 5 ‰ concentration 1~2 time for fruit expanding period; Fructescence imposes 0.5 ‰ concentration potassium sulfates, reduces irrigation times to promote sucrose accumulation; The extermination of disease and insect pest: the extermination of disease and insect pest of greenhouse by solar heat muskmelon ecological organic soilless culture should be to put prevention first, take the method for integrated control, 500~1000 times of liquid sprayings of 25% carbendazol wettable powder for climing rot control, 2500~3000 times of liquid sprayings of 20% triazolone emulsion for powdery mildew, 5000 times of liquid sprayings of streptomycin for bacterial leaf spot, intervals 7, d, prevented and treated 2~3 times; The yellow plate trapping of the use such as Liriomyza, aphid and employing biologic product are prevented and treated; The listing of gathering: generally 45~50 d gather after blooming, puts after gathering at room temperature through 2~3 d and allows its after-ripening, like this quality better.
2. a greenhouse by solar heat muskmelon organic ecological soilless culture technology, it is characterized in that mixed-matrix proportioning, as natural pond slag: stalk: river sand: slag=4: 2: 1: 0.5, in every cubic metre of mixed-matrix, add 15~25 kg fertilizers to make base fertilizer, separately add nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (15: 15: 15) composite fertilizer 2 kg, superphosphate 0.6 kg, potassium sulfate 0.8kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 kg, pH value is with 6~6.5.
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Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103947364A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-07-30 | 三亚市南繁科学技术研究院 | Soilless culture muskmelon segmented fertilization method |
CN104025745A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2014-09-10 | 和县华禾种业有限公司 | Muskmelon seed germination accelerating method |
CN105284360A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-03 | 富川富兴果蔬有限责任公司 | Method for planting muskmelons |
CN105638217A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-06-08 | 青岛绿色硅谷科技有限公司 | Method for promoting early maturity of sunlight greenhouse sweet melons |
CN105900814A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-08-31 | 山东理工大学 | Soilless planting method of organic muskmelons |
CN107466653A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-15 | 颍上县心农甜西甜瓜种植专业合作社 | A kind of breeding method of beautiful aunt's melon |
CN108530219A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-09-14 | 肃州区蔬菜技术服务中心 | It is a kind of without long-acting melon raise seedling matrix of soil and preparation method thereof |
CN108684511A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-10-23 | 淮阴师范学院 | The cultural method of greenhouse organic matrix type soilless culture thick-skinned melon |
CN108812259A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-11-16 | 淮阴师范学院 | Improve the cultural method of greenhouse organic matrix type soilless cultivation thick-skinned melon quality and yield |
CN108887106A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-11-27 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | A kind of cultural method in heliogreenhouse plantation fine work netted melon |
CN110506620A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-11-29 | 上海都市绿色工程有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse vegetable rock wool recycling method based on crop rotation |
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2013
- 2013-11-26 CN CN201310605455.1A patent/CN103609414A/en active Pending
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104025745A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2014-09-10 | 和县华禾种业有限公司 | Muskmelon seed germination accelerating method |
CN104025745B (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2015-10-28 | 和县华禾种业有限公司 | A kind of muskmelon seeds germination accelerating method |
CN103947364A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-07-30 | 三亚市南繁科学技术研究院 | Soilless culture muskmelon segmented fertilization method |
CN105284360A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-03 | 富川富兴果蔬有限责任公司 | Method for planting muskmelons |
CN105638217A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-06-08 | 青岛绿色硅谷科技有限公司 | Method for promoting early maturity of sunlight greenhouse sweet melons |
CN105900814A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-08-31 | 山东理工大学 | Soilless planting method of organic muskmelons |
CN107466653A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-15 | 颍上县心农甜西甜瓜种植专业合作社 | A kind of breeding method of beautiful aunt's melon |
CN108684511A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-10-23 | 淮阴师范学院 | The cultural method of greenhouse organic matrix type soilless culture thick-skinned melon |
CN108812259A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-11-16 | 淮阴师范学院 | Improve the cultural method of greenhouse organic matrix type soilless cultivation thick-skinned melon quality and yield |
CN108530219A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-09-14 | 肃州区蔬菜技术服务中心 | It is a kind of without long-acting melon raise seedling matrix of soil and preparation method thereof |
CN108887106A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-11-27 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | A kind of cultural method in heliogreenhouse plantation fine work netted melon |
CN110506620A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-11-29 | 上海都市绿色工程有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse vegetable rock wool recycling method based on crop rotation |
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