CN111466263A - Grafting seedling method for pepper cultivation in sunlight greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a grafting seedling method for solar greenhouse pepper cultivation, belonging to the technical field of modern vegetable cultivation and comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of airing seeds before sowing, coating dry seeds with a coating agent, sowing, grafting by a grafting method, sterilizing and disinfecting a sunlight greenhouse before planting, preparing land and applying fertilizer, manufacturing a built-in straw reactor, making beds, planting with buds when grafted seedlings have 7-8 unfolded leaves and the plant height is 20cm, and performing planting management after planting.

Description

Grafting seedling method for pepper cultivation in sunlight greenhouse

Technical Field

The invention relates to a grafting method of peppers, in particular to a grafting seedling method for pepper cultivation in a sunlight greenhouse, and belongs to the technical field of modern vegetable cultivation.

Background

Capsicum (chilies), order solanales of dicotyledonous plants, herbaceous plants grown for one or more years, originally produced in tropical regions of south America, and introduced into the province of Hunan Chu of China at the end of Ming dynasty have peppery taste, and are edible, peppers like warm, water and fertilizer, peppers are rich in vitamin C, vitamin β -carotene, folic acid, magnesium and potassium, capsaicin in peppers also have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation effects, and the content of vitamin C in peppers is the first place in vegetables.

In recent years, pepper diseases are more and more serious due to the enlargement of pepper planting scale, and the harm of pepper continuous cropping obstacles, bacterial wilt, epidemic diseases, root knot nematode diseases, virus diseases and other soil-borne diseases is aggravated, so that the pepper yield is reduced, the yield is reduced by 20-30% for light people, and the enthusiasm of farmers is seriously hindered for serious people. Agricultural control and chemical control can play a certain role, but the effect is not ideal, the grafting method is the most economic, effective and safe method, and the selection of the good grafting method is the key for ensuring the survival of the grafted seedlings. The grafting method of the pepper at the present stage comprises a beveling flat clamping method, a beveling needle grafting method, a cleft grafting binding method and a cleft grafting flat clamping method. However, due to the influence of a plurality of factors such as the grafting technology level, the climate condition and the like, the grafted fabric is easy to infect and rot, the wound healing speed is low, and the survival rate is low, so that the problems of accelerating the wound healing and improving the grafting survival rate are the problems to be solved at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a grafting seedling method for cultivating peppers in a sunlight greenhouse, which specifically adopts the following technical scheme:

a grafting seedling method for pepper cultivation in a sunlight greenhouse comprises the following steps:

1) airing the stock seeds and the scion seeds 2d to 3d before sowing, coating the dry seeds with a coating agent, sowing the stock seeds in a stock seedling tray, sowing the scion seeds in the scion seedling tray with a sowing depth of 0.5 to 0.8cm, covering a substrate after sowing, and performing environmental management after sowing;

2) grafting after 4 leaves to 6 leaves of the stock and 4 leaves to 5 leaves of the scion, wherein the grafting adopts a grafting method, in the afternoon before the grafting, 150g of glucose plus 10ml of Dupont Adone with the concentration of 22.5 percent is added with 15kg of water, the stock and the scion are sprayed, the positions with the consistent thicknesses of the stock and the scion young stems are selected, the stock is obliquely cut at an angle of 30 degrees, the stock is cut from bottom to top, the scion is cut from top to bottom, the section length is 0.4cm to 0.6cm, the section of the scion and the stock is grafted, and the grafting clamp or a sleeve is used for fixing;

3) sterilizing and disinfecting a sunlight greenhouse before field planting, preparing land and applying fertilizer, manufacturing a built-in straw reactor and making a bed, when grafted seedlings have 7-8 unfolded leaves and the plant height is 20cm, carrying bud field planting, digging pits at 2/3 parts with wrong plants at the ridge height, planting the seedlings according to the plant spacing of 50cm, wherein the soil covering depth is higher than 1cm of seedling lumps, the field planting density is 2000 plants/mu, during field planting, 2g of bacillus subtilis and 1g of potassium fulvic acid are applied every m2, water or mixed soil is added for hole application, and field planting management is carried out after field planting.

Further, the stock seedling tray in the step 1) is a 72-hole plug tray, and the scion seedling tray is a flat tray;

the substrate is a complete nutrition substrate, the content of N + P2O5+ K2O is more than or equal to 1%, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 40%, and the number of effective viable bacteria is 2000 ten thousand/g.

Further, the environmental management in the step 1) comprises temperature management, water management and plant management;

the temperature management is that the temperature before emergence of seedlings is 25-32 ℃ at daytime, the temperature at night is 20-22 ℃, the temperature after emergence of seedlings is 25-28 ℃ during daytime, the temperature at night is 18-20 ℃, the temperature before grafting is 25-28 ℃ at daytime and the temperature at night is 16-20 ℃;

the water management is that the water content of the matrix is kept 100% after sowing, and the water content of the matrix is kept 70% -75% when the cotyledon is flattened to a period of two leaves and one heart; the water content of the matrix before grafting is kept between 65 and 70 percent;

and after the plant management is carried out on two leaf periods of the plant, spraying chlormequat chloride or 700 times of liquid for 1-2 times on the leaf surface of the plant which grows in vain.

Further, the step 2) also comprises the operation of management after grafting, wherein the operation is to cover the seedlings with a film in time after grafting, maintain the water content of the matrix to be 90-95%, the air humidity to be 95-100%, the temperature in the day before 3d after grafting to be 30-32 ℃, the temperature at night to be 18-20 ℃, the temperature after grafting to be 4 d-7 d, the temperature in the day to be 28-30 ℃, the temperature at night to be 18-20 ℃, and the film is lifted after the grafting wound is healed, the temperature in the day to be 27-28 ℃ and the temperature at night to be 15-18 ℃.

Further, the operation of sterilization and disinfection in the step 3) is high-temperature shed-closing disinfection and/or medicament disinfection;

the high-temperature greenhouse closing disinfection method comprises the steps of cleaning the crops in the middle of 7 months, adding 80kg of lime nitrogen into each mu of greenhouse, adding 1000kg of crushed straw, deeply turning 30-35 cm of the crushed straw and soil, irrigating with big water, sealing the ground by using a film, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 60-70 ℃, controlling the temperature of the soil to be about 40 ℃, and maintaining for 20-25 d;

the method for sterilizing the pesticide comprises the steps of mixing 1kg of sulfur, 3.5kg of sawdust and 0.5kg of 80% DDV0.5kg per mu 15 days before field planting, then igniting the mixture in 7-8 piles, and sealing the fumigation chamber for 24-48 hours.

Further, the land preparation and fertilization operation in the step 3) is to apply 3000kg of fully fermented and decomposed sheep manure per mu, add N: p: k is 1: 40 kg-60 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 1, 20kg of potassium magnesium sulfate, 1kg of zinc sulfate and 20kg of calcium nitrate, and after uniform spreading, rotary tillage is carried out for 2 times.

Further, the method for manufacturing the built-in straw reactor in the step 3) comprises the following steps:

(1) according to the straw leavening agent: wheat bran: water 1: 10: 12.5, covering the mixture by using a film, tightly stacking the mixture for 1 to 2 days, removing the film when the temperature in the stack reaches 35 to 38 ℃, spreading the film, and activating the marker straw leavening agent when white hyphae appear for later use;

(2) under a planting row, digging a ditch with the width of 35-40 cm and the depth of 20-25 cm, filling crop straws with the thickness of 25cm into the ditch, using the amount of 2000-2500 kg/mu, treading the ditch after filling, uniformly scattering a straw leavening agent, covering soil with the thickness of 8-10 cm, and watering the ditch, wherein the using amount of the straw leavening agent is 4-5 kg/mu.

Further, the operation of making the furrows in the step 3) is to fill soil on the straw reactor to make small and high furrows, water the straw reactor after making the furrows according to the large and small row planting mode, the large row spacing of 80 cm, the small row spacing of 50cm and the furrow height of 20cm-25 cm.

Further, the field planting management comprises temperature management, illumination management, water and fertilizer management, mulching film laying, shed film replacement, plant adjustment and pest control;

the temperature management comprises the following steps that the temperature in the daytime after field planting is 28-30 ℃, the temperature in the nighttime is 20-15 ℃, the temperature in the daytime after seedling postponing is 27-28 ℃, the temperature in the nighttime is 18-15 ℃, when the temperature in the middle and the last of 9 months is less than 15 ℃ according to the temperature condition, a bottom air port is closed, a first layer of straw mat or heat preservation felt is covered in the last 10 months for heat preservation, when the temperature in the middle and the last 11 months is less than 5 ℃, a second layer of straw mat or heat preservation felt is covered for heat preservation, the temperature in the last 12 months is 27-30 ℃, the temperature in the nighttime is 15-18 ℃, the seedling is pulled in the middle and the last 6 months, and the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not higher than 35 ℃;

the illumination management comprises the steps of installing a light supplement lamp in a greenhouse, installing 30-40 light supplement lamps in each mu, enabling the height of the light supplement lamps to exceed 20-30 cm of a vine hanging steel wire, and hanging a reflective screen with the width of 90-100 cm on the rear wall of the greenhouse, wherein the technical parameters of the light supplement lamp are as follows: luminous flux 1520lm, luminous efficiency 51.0lm/w, light radiation power 6.8 w;

the water and fertilizer management comprises the steps of immediately watering planting water in small furrows after planting, watering seedling-slowing water after 5d, timely punching holes between two seedlings after 7d, wherein the hole diameter is 2-4 cm, installing a 35N-folded micro-spraying belt in the small furrows after 10d, finishing squatting when the pepper grows to 10cm, starting topdressing and watering, watering once every 12 d-15 d during the fruiting period, watering once 20 d-25 d from the bottom of 11 months to the top ten days of the next year in 2 months, watering once 15d from the middle ten days of 2 months to the middle ten days of 3 months in 2 months, and watering once after 8 d-12 d after 3 middle ten days of the months; after 5 days of field planting, water flushing and applying microbial fertilizer containing mycorrhiza fungi along with the water for seedling revival, then controlling water and squatting, covering a mulching film after 20 days, opening the film to lead the seedlings out of the film, and additionally applying 7.5kg of high-potassium water flushing fertilizer with N, P, K being 22, 8 and 30 per mu along with the water; spraying foliar fertilizer from the beginning of the early flowering period, spraying calcium-magnesium micro-fertilizer, spraying zinc-boron micro-fertilizer after 4 days, circularly spraying once every 15 days, spraying 0.2-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate and chitin or 2% of amino-oligosaccharin on the leaf surface once every 15 days when the first capsicum begins, and spraying 6-8 times once after 15 days;

the mulching film is covered 15-20 days after field planting, intertillage, hoeing and marking are carried out before covering the mulching film, the cultivation row is covered firstly, and the operation row is covered after 10 middle and last ten days;

the greenhouse film is replaced in the last ten days of 9 months to the middle ten days of 10 months, and the new greenhouse film is replaced;

after the plants are adjusted to be fixedly planted for half a month, carrying out vine hanging, double-trunk or three-trunk pruning, and carrying out branching selection when no dew exists in the sunny day;

the pest control comprises gray mold control, canker control, whitefly control, bemisia tabaci, yellow tea mite control and thrips control;

the control method of gray mold comprises the following steps:

(1) the mulching film is fully covered, and the humidity in the shed is reduced;

(2) the ventilation quantity is increased, and the air humidity is reduced;

(3) removing the damaged dry flowers in time, removing diseased fruits, diseased leaves and diseased branches after disease attack, and destroying or deeply burying;

(4) when the flower is dipped, 10ml of 2.5 percent of yile liquid medicine is added into 2.5kg of liquid medicine for preventing diseases;

(5) starting to use 22.5 percent of Dupont Adone and 2 percent of amino-oligosaccharin to alternately spray for prevention and treatment 10 days after field planting, wherein the interval time is 15-20 days;

(6) immediately after the disease occurs, 3000 times of liquid of 50% flowery friend wettable powder, or 1500 times of 22.5% Dupont attone, or 1200 times of liquid of 50% Keze wettable powder, or 1200 times of liquid of 40% pyrimethanil water dispersible granules are used for preventing and treating, and the interval time is 5-7 d;

the method for preventing and treating the ulcer disease comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting a high-efficiency non-drip film, and flattening the greenhouse film when buckling the film to prevent the greenhouse film from dripping water downwards;

(2) pruning and twitching are carried out on sunny days when the humidity is high in cloudy days or in the morning;

(3) in the early stage of disease development, 70% of thiophanate methyl, 1% of zhongshengmycin aqueous solution and 10 times of water are added to be smeared on the disease part of a disease plant, then 47% of 600-800 times of Jiaruinong liquid or 1% of 800-1000 times of zhongshengmycin aqueous solution are alternately sprayed for 7 d-10 d once, when the occurrence degree is increased, the 600-800 times of Jiaruinong liquid or the 800-1000 times of 1% of zhongshengmycin aqueous solution is sprayed and root irrigation is combined, and the amount of liquid medicine of each disease plant of the root irrigation is 0.15 kg;

the control method of the trialeurodes vaporariorum and/or the trialeurodes vaporariorum comprises the following steps:

(1) 1 d-2 d before field planting, placing the seedling tray into sharp or sharp solution for soaking for 3-5 seconds;

(2) before field planting, firstly, suspending yellow insecticidal plates containing sex hormones in a shed to trap whiteflies, bemisia tabaci and aphids, suspending 30-40 yellow insecticidal plates per mu, suspending the yellow insecticidal plates containing the sex hormones in the east-west direction, keeping the yellow insecticidal plates 10cm away from a plant growth point, and covering insect-proof nets with more than 40 meshes at air outlets and doorways of a greenhouse;

(3) spraying the pesticide at the early stage of the whitefly and when the density is low, and using 2000-3000 times of 25% of Acetamol water dispersible granules, or 1000-1500 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 2000-3000 times of 1.8% of abamectin emulsifiable solution, or 2000-3000 times of 2.5% of high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable solution, or 2500-3000 times of 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable solution;

(4) the encarsia formosa and the trichogramma are used for preventing and treating;

the method for controlling tea yellow mites comprises the following steps:

(1) agricultural control: removing the Patrinia scabiosaefolia in the greenhouse before field planting, sterilizing the field planting greenhouse with sulfur and dichlorvos, fumigating the seedling raising greenhouse with 80% DDV1kg per mu, and sealing for 48 h;

(2) and (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament: 3000 times of 2% avermectin emulsifiable solution is added with 2000 times of 20% pyridaben emulsifiable solution for spraying, or 1000 times of 20% compound liuyangmycin emulsifiable solution for spraying, or 2500 times of 73% propargite emulsifiable solution for spraying once in 7-10 days, and the upper parts of plants, especially the back surfaces and tender stems of tender leaves, are sprayed in a key way;

the prevention and treatment method of thrips comprises the following steps:

(1) physical control, namely hanging blue trap insecticidal plates in the field, wherein the distance between the blue plates and the plant growing point is 10cm, and trapping and killing adult insects by using 30-50 blue trap insecticidal plates with the distance of 25cm × 30cm and 30-50 blue trap insecticidal plates per mu;

(2) and (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament: 10ml to 20ml of 6 percent spinetoram is mixed with 15kg to 30kg of water, or 7500 to 10000 times of 5 percent emamectin benzoate microemulsion and 3000 times of 10 percent bifenthrin emulsifiable solution, or 800 times of 4.5 percent high-efficiency cypermethrin and 1000 times of 1.8 percent avermectin solution are added to evenly spray the leaves.

By adopting the technical scheme, the pepper seedling grafting technology can be realized, a simple and easy-to-operate grafting method is adopted, optimized parameters are selected in each treatment process, the damage and risk of treatment are reasonably controlled, the survival rate is high, the fruit quality is high, and the fruit swelling is rapid, the grafting seedling method for solar greenhouse pepper cultivation improves the seedling survival rate by about 8%, the yield by about 12%, and the soil-borne disease resistance by 23.2%.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A grafting seedling method for pepper cultivation in a sunlight greenhouse comprises the following steps:

the quality of the producing area environment meets the specification of NY/T5010.

Soil conditions: the soil is light soil or loam, the thickness of a mature soil layer is required to be not less than 30cm, the soil is loose, the content of organic matters is not less than 20g/kg, the fertilizer storage and water retention capacity is strong, nutrients required by different stages of plants can be supplied timely, the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen is more than 0.07g/kg, the content of substitutional potassium is 0.1 g/kg-0.15 g/kg, and the content of quick-acting phosphorus is 0.06 g/kg-0.08 g/kg.

Greenhouse conditions: the greenhouse adopts an efficient energy-saving sunlight greenhouse, the length of the greenhouse is 80-120 m, the span of the greenhouse is 9-12 m, the span-height ratio of the greenhouse is 1.7-2.1, the indoor illumination intensity is not lower than 70-80% outdoors, and the extreme lowest temperature in the deep winter is more than or equal to 10 ℃.

Selecting a covering material: in cold period, double-layer straw mat (or one layer of heat-insulating felt plus one layer of straw mat), shed film, snow-proof film and four-layer covering are adopted. Covering with double-layer straw mat with the unit weight of 3.5kg/m²(ii) a Covering with a layer of straw mat and a layer of heat preservation felt, wherein the unit weight of the straw mat is 3.5kg/m²The unit weight of the heat preservation felt is 2.25kg/m². The greenhouse film is made of EVA (VA content is 7-9%) or a polyolefin resin efficient non-drip film, the thickness of the film is 0.1mm, the haze value is 14-20, the light transmittance is not less than 91%, and the infrared ray blocking rate is not less than 85%. The snow-proof film is a metallocene anti-aging film with the thickness of 0.1 mm.

Arranging stubble gaps: according to the requirement of the overwintering stubble sunlight greenhouse pepper production on the temperature, the production period of the sunlight greenhouse is from late 8 months to middle 6 months in the next year. Seeding and seedling raising are carried out on 5-7-10 days in 7 months, field planting is carried out on 25-8-30 days in 8 months, harvesting starts in the middle ten of 10 months, and seedling pulling is carried out in the middle and late ten of 6 months in the next year.

Variety selection: the variety with low temperature resistance, weak light resistance, strong disease resistance and good commodity is selected, for example, the scion is selected from fast (37-74) and brilliant sword (37-79), and the stock is selected from Weizhuibei pepper, Aipu 115 and other varieties.

The cultivation technology comprises the following steps:

1. seedling raising

Seedling growing places: the temperature is relatively high in the seedling raising period, and the seedlings are raised in an intelligent greenhouse with humidifying, cooling and ventilating conditions.

Seed treatment: and (5) drying seeds in the sun 2-3 days before sowing to improve the bud vigor, and selecting medicament coated dry seeds to broadcast in a seedling tray.

Seedling raising container: the stock uses a 72-hole plug, the scion uses a flat disc, the plug is soaked in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes before use, and the plug is dried in the shade for standby.

Seedling raising substrate: selecting a complete nutrition commodity substrate, (N + P)₂O₅+K₂O) content is more than or equal to 1 percent, organic matter content is more than or equal to 40 percent, and effective viable count (cfu) is 2000 ten thousand/g.

2. Sowing: the stock is sowed in a tray with 72 holes by adopting a precision seeder or an artificial seeding method, and each hole has 1 grain; and (3) sowing the scion seeds into the flat disc with the sowing depth of 0.5-0.8 cm, and covering the matrix after sowing.

3. Post-seeding environmental management

Temperature management: as in the table below.

Temperature management

Time period	Daytime temperature (. degree. C.)	Temperature at night (. degree.C.)
			Before emergence of seedlings	25～32	20～22
After seedling emergence, the two leaves and the core	25～28	18～20
			Before grafting	25～28	16～20

Water content management: after sowing, the water content of the substrate reaches 100 percent; flattening the cotyledon until the cotyledon is flattened to two leaves and one heart, and keeping the water content of the matrix at 70-75%; before grafting, the water content of the matrix is maintained at 65-70%.

Plant management: after the two-leaf period of the plant, if spindling occurs, the leaf surface can be sprayed with chlormequat or 700 times of liquid for 1-2 times.

4. Grafting

And (3) grafting seedling age: and 4 leaves to 5 leaves of the scion reach the grafting standard in the 4-6 leaf stage of the stock.

The grafting method comprises the following steps: grafting by adopting a grafting method. In the afternoon before grafting, the rootstock and the scion are sprayed with glucose 150g + 22.5% Dupont Adone (picoxystrobin) 10ml and water 15 kg. Selecting a place with the same thickness of the rootstock and the scion young stem, beveling according to an angle of 30 degrees, cutting the rootstock from bottom to top, cutting the scion from top to bottom, wherein the section length is 0.4 cm-0.6 cm, grafting the scion and the rootstock, and fixing by using a grafting clip or a sleeve.

And (3) management after grafting: after grafting, the seedlings are covered with a film in time, and the water content of the matrix is maintained to be 90-95%, and the air humidity is maintained to be 95-100%. The air temperature in the daytime is 30-32 ℃ and the temperature in the night is 18-20 ℃ before 3 days after grafting; 4-7 days after grafting, the temperature is 28-30 ℃ in daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night. After 7 days, the wound is healed, the film is lifted, and the operation is carried out normally, wherein the temperature is 27-28 ℃ in the daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night.

Seedling strengthening indexes are as follows: the time from sowing to field planting is about 50-55 days, and when the grafted seedling has 7-8 unfolded leaves and the plant height is 20cm, the field planting is carried out with buds.

5. Planting

5.1, preparation before planting:

5.1.1 sterilizing and disinfecting for sunlight greenhouse

Adopts a method combining high-temperature closed-shed disinfection and medicament disinfection.

(1) High-temperature greenhouse closing and disinfection: cleaning the crops in the middle ten days of 7 months, adding 80kg of lime nitrogen (calcium cyanamide) into each mu of the crops, adding 1000kg of crushed straws, deeply ploughing 30-35 cm together with soil, irrigating with big water, sealing the ground by using a film, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 60-70 ℃ and the temperature of the soil at about 40 ℃ for 20-25 days.

(2) Disinfecting with a medicament: 1kg of sulfur, 3.5kg of sawdust and 0.5kg of 80% DDV0.5kg are used for each mu 15 days before field planting, mixed and then are ignited in a way of being piled up by 7-8, and the fumigation shed is sealed for 24-48 hours.

5.1.2 soil preparation and fertilization

The selection and use of the fertilizer should meet the requirements of NY/T394. 3000kg of fully fermented and thoroughly decomposed sheep manure is applied to each mu, 40 kg-60 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 1:1:1), 20kg of potassium magnesium sulfate, 1kg of zinc sulfate and 20kg of calcium nitrate are added, and rotary tillage is carried out for 2 times after uniform spreading.

5.1.3 making a built-in straw reactor

(1) Preparing a straw leavening agent: according to the straw leavening agent: wheat bran: water 1: 10: 12.5, tightly covering with a film, tightly stacking for 1-2 d, removing the film when the temperature in the stack reaches 35-38 ℃, spreading, and activating the marker straw leavening agent when white hypha appears for later use.

(2) Ditching: under the planting rows, ditches with the width of 35-40 cm and the depth of 20-25 cm are dug, corn or other crop straws with the thickness of 25cm are filled in the ditches, the dosage is 2000-2500 kg/mu, the ditches are trampled after being filled, straw leavening agents are uniformly scattered, and the ditches are watered after 8-10 cm of soil is covered. The dosage of the straw leaven is 4 kg-5 kg per mu.

5.1.4 making bed

Soil is filled in the straw reactor to form a small high furrow, and the straw reactor is watered after the furrow is formed according to the large and small row planting form, the large row spacing of 80 cm, the small row spacing of 50cm and the furrow height of 20cm-25 cm. Planting after 3 d-5 d.

5.2, permanent planting

And (3) selecting the afternoon on a sunny day, digging pits at 2/3 parts with staggered plants, planting seedlings according to the plant spacing of 50cm, wherein the soil covering depth is 1cm higher than the seedling lumps, and the planting density is 2000 plants/mu. At the time of field planting, every m²2g of 10 hundred million/g of bacillus subtilis (ncd-2) and 1g of potassium fulvate are applied, and the mixture is added with water or mixed with soil for hole application.

5.3, management after planting

5.3.1 temperature management

Permanent planting in late 8 months with high temperature, properly shading in noon within 5d after permanent planting, controlling the temperature at 28-30 ℃ in the daytime and 20-15 ℃ at night to promote seedling revival. After the seedlings are released, the temperature of the shed is properly reduced, the temperature is controlled to be 27-28 ℃ in the daytime, and the temperature is controlled to be 18-15 ℃ at night.

And (5) sealing the bottom air opening when the night temperature is less than 15 ℃ according to the air temperature condition within 9 months and 15-20 days.

Covering the first layer of straw mat in the last 10 months and preserving heat.

And covering a second layer of straw mat (or heat preservation felt) when the night temperature in the middle and last ten days of 11 months is less than 5 ℃.

In the first ten days of 12 months to the middle 2 months of the next year, the temperature is worst, the high temperature period is short, the temperature in the daytime should be properly increased, the temperature at night is promoted to be increased, the temperature in the daytime is controlled to be 27-30 ℃ in sunny days, the temperature in the first half night is 15-18 ℃, and the temperature at the lowest is 12 ℃. The temperature is adjusted by adopting two methods of air release and air exchange. And (3) after the straw mat is uncovered for 1h in the morning, pulling the upper air inlet open for air exchange, controlling the width of the air inlet to be about 15cm, and immediately closing the air inlet after the air exchange time is 15 minutes and raising the temperature. When the temperature reaches the highest required temperature, air release is started, the air release time is determined according to weather conditions, but the air temperature is not lower than 25 ℃. And mastering a temperature change management method for high morning and low afternoon, high first midnight and low second midnight. After 2 months, the sunshine duration is gradually increased, and the light duration and the ventilation time are properly prolonged.

After 3 months and 4 months, the air release time is gradually prolonged, the air release amount is increased along with the warming of the weather, the air humidity is reduced, the front roof bottom air port is opened for ventilation when necessary, and the 'late spring cold' is prevented.

In the middle and last ten days of 6 months, pulling seedlings, controlling the indoor maximum temperature not to exceed 35 ℃, and preventing the premature senility of plants.

5.3.2 light management

In the winter of deep winter, the heat-insulating covering is uncovered early and covered late under the condition of temperature which does not influence the normal growth of plants, and the illumination time is prolonged. The intelligent light-induced plant growth light supplementing lamp is installed in the shed, 30-40 lamps are installed per mu, and the height of the intelligent light-induced plant growth light supplementing lamp exceeds that of the vine hanging steel wire by 20-30 cm. The intelligent plant growth light supplement lamp has the technical parameters that: luminous flux 1520lm, luminous efficiency 51.0lm/w, light radiation power 6.8 w. A reflective screen with the width of 90cm-100cm is hung on the rear wall of the greenhouse, so that the illumination condition of the middle rear part of the greenhouse is improved.

5.3.3 management of fertilizer and water (principle and requirement of fertilizer use, type of fertilizer permitted and prohibited, etc. are performed according to NY/T496)

Watering

And immediately pouring enough planting water in the small furrows after planting, pouring seedling-reviving water after 5 days, and timely punching holes between two seedlings after 7 days, wherein the hole diameter is 2-4 cm, so that the gas exchange of the straw reactor is promoted. And after 10d, installing a 35N micro-spraying belt with a folding diameter in the small furrow. When the pepper grows to 10cm, ending squat seedlings, starting topdressing and watering, and watering once every 12-15 days during fruiting; the temperature is lower from the bottom of 11 months to 2 months in the next year, the watering times are controlled as much as possible, and water is watered for 20-25 days in principle. Watering is carried out in the morning on a sunny day, and the sunny day is guaranteed for more than 3 days after watering; watering once from 2 middle ten days to 3 middle ten days, and watering for 15 days; and after 3 ten days in the middle of the month, pouring water once in 8-12 days.

Fertilizing

After 5 days of field planting, water with water for seedling revival is used for flushing and applying microbial fertilizer containing mycorrhiza fungi, and the root system is propagated. Then controlling water and squatting the seedlings. And covering a mulching film after 20 days, and opening the film to lead the seedlings out of the film. Applying 7.5kg of high-potassium (N: P: K: 22:8:30) water-soluble water flush fertilizer to each mu of land along with water; and later fertilization is carried out by alternately adopting a balanced fertilizer (N: P: k is 1:1:1) and a high-potassium water soluble water flush fertilizer.

Foliage fertilizer

Spraying foliar fertilizer, calcium-magnesium micro-fertilizer, zinc-boron micro-fertilizer after 4 days at intervals, and spraying once every 15 days in a circulating way from the beginning of the flowering period. When the capsicum starts, 0.2-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate and chitin (or 2% of amino-oligosaccharin) are sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the spraying is carried out for 6-8 times after 15 days.

5.3.4 spreading mulching film

Covering a mulching film 15-20 days after field planting, ploughing, hoeing and marking before covering the mulching film, covering the cultivation row firstly, and covering the operation row after 10 middle and last ten days.

5.3.5, replacing shed film

And replacing the new shed film in the last 9 th-10 th of the month.

5.3.6 plant regulation

And (5) hanging vines half a month after field planting. Pruning two or three trunks. And the crotch breaking is carried out when no dew exists in the sunny days.

5.3.7 prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

The principle and the requirement for controlling the pest and disease damage and safely using the pesticide, the types of permitted and prohibited pesticide and the like in the solar greenhouse pepper sticking overwintering production are carried out according to the regulation of GB/T8321.

Basic principle of prevention and cure

Takes prevention as a main part, comprehensively prevents and controls diseases and pests by coordinately applying measures of biology, agriculture, manpower, physics and the like and assisting with high-efficiency low-toxicity and low-residue chemical pesticides to achieve the aim of reducing the using amount of the pesticides to the maximum extent

Disease and disease

The main diseases in the production of the overwintering stubbles and the peppers by grafting comprise gray mold and canker.

Prevention and treatment of gray mold

(1) The mulching film is fully covered, so that the evaporation of soil moisture is reduced, and the humidity in the shed is reduced;

(2) the ventilation quantity is increased, the air humidity is reduced, and diseases are prevented;

(3) removing the damaged dry flowers in time, removing diseased fruits, diseased leaves and diseased branches after disease attack, and destroying or deeply burying;

(4) when the flower is dipped, 10ml of 2.5 percent of yile liquid medicine is added into 2.5kg of liquid medicine for preventing diseases;

(5) strengthening prevention, wherein after 10 days of field planting, the control is carried out by alternately spraying 22.5 percent of DuPont Adone (picoxystrobin) or 2 percent of amino-oligosaccharin at intervals of 15-20 days;

(6) immediately after the disease occurs, 3000 times of 50% of wettable powder of flower friend (fludioxonil), 1500 times of 22.5% of Dupont Adone (picoxystrobin), 1200 times of 50% of wettable powder of boscalid or 1200 times of 40% of pyrimethanil water dispersible granule are used for preventing and treating, and the interval time is 5-7 d.

Prevention and treatment of ulcer

(1) Selecting a high-efficiency non-drip film, and flattening the greenhouse film when buckling the film to prevent the greenhouse film from dripping water downwards;

(2) when farming activities such as pruning and twitching need to avoid cloudy days or the humidity is high in the morning, the farming activities are carried out on sunny days;

(3) at the early stage of disease development, 70% of thiophanate methyl and 1% of zhongshengmycin aqueous solution are mixed with 10 times of water to be smeared on the disease part of a diseased plant, and then 47% of Garinong 600-800 times of solution or 1% of zhongshengmycin aqueous solution is alternately sprayed for 7-10 days. When the occurrence degree is aggravated, spraying and root irrigation are carried out by using 47% of 600-800 times of Garcinon or 1% of 800-1000 times of Zhongshengmycin aqueous solution, and the amount of liquid medicine for each plant of the root irrigation is 0.15 kg.

Insect pest

The main pests in the pepper grafting overwintering production include whitefly, bemisia tabaci, yellow tea mite and thrips.

Whitefly and bemisia tabaci

(1) 1 d-2 d before field planting, the seedling tray can be placed into sharp or sharp solution for soaking for 3-5 seconds to prevent insect damage;

(2) before planting, yellow insecticidal plates containing sex hormones are hung in a shed to trap and kill whiteflies, bemisia tabaci and aphids, and 30-40 insects are hung in each mu. The sex hormone yellow insecticidal plate is hung in the east-west direction and is 10cm away from the plant growing point. Covering an insect-proof net with more than 40 meshes at the air outlet (bottom air inlet and top air inlet) and the door opening of the greenhouse to prevent pests from entering the greenhouse;

(3) spraying pesticide at the early stage of whitefly occurrence and when the density is low, spraying 25% of Acetafenozide (thiamethoxam) water dispersible granules of 2000-3000 times liquid, or 10% of imidacloprid wettable powder of 1000-1500 times liquid, or 1.8% of abamectin emulsifiable solution of 2000-3000 times liquid, or 2.5% of high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable solution (cyhalothrin) of 2000-3000 times liquid, or 3% of acetamiprid emulsifiable solution of 2500-3000 times liquid, and the like, paying attention to alternate application, prolonging the service life of the pesticide and delaying the generation of antibiotics;

(4) the natural enemies such as encarsia formosa (1 ten thousand released per mu) and trichogramma are utilized for control.

Tea yellow mite

(1) Agricultural control: removing the Patrinia scabiosaefolia in the greenhouse before field planting, sterilizing the field planting greenhouse with sulfur and dichlorvos, fumigating the seedling raising greenhouse with 80% DDV1kg per mu, and sealing for 48 h;

(2) and (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament: 3000 times of 2% avermectin emulsifiable solution is added with 2000 times of 20% pyridaben emulsifiable solution for spraying, or 1000 times of 20% compound liuyangmycin emulsifiable solution for spraying, or 2500 times of 73% propargite emulsifiable solution for spraying once in 7-10 days, and the pesticide is mainly sprayed on the upper parts of plants, especially the back surfaces and tender stems of tender leaves.

Thrips

(1) Physical control, namely hanging blue trap insecticidal plates in the field, wherein the distance between the blue plates and a plant growing point is 10cm, and trapping and killing adult insects by using 30-50 blue trap insecticidal plates with the width of 25cm × 30cm and 30cm l per mu;

(2) and (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament: a systemic insecticide is adopted, such as 10ml to 20ml of an evergreen suspending agent (6 percent of spinetoram) with 60 g/L, 15kg to 30kg of water is added, or 7500 to 10000 times of 5 percent emamectin benzoate microemulsion, 3000 times of 10 percent bifenthrin missible oil or 800 times of 4.5 percent high-efficiency cypermethrin and 1000 times of 1.8 percent abamectin are added, and the mixture is evenly sprayed on the leaves. Taking care to avoid the strong illumination period when the medicine is applied.

6. Harvesting

Pesticide residue detection is carried out before harvesting, harvesting is carried out in time after the harvesting is qualified, graded packaging is carried out, and the seedling survival rate is improved by about 8 percent, the yield is improved by about 12 percent, and the soil-borne disease resistance is improved by 23.2 percent in the grafting seedling method for the solar greenhouse pepper cultivation.

Claims (10)

1. A grafting seedling method for pepper cultivation in a sunlight greenhouse is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) airing the stock seeds and the scion seeds 2d to 3d before sowing, coating the dry seeds with a coating agent, sowing the stock seeds in a stock seedling tray, sowing the scion seeds in the scion seedling tray with a sowing depth of 0.5 to 0.8cm, covering a substrate after sowing, and performing environmental management after sowing;

2) grafting after 4 leaves to 6 leaves of the stock and 4 leaves to 5 leaves of the scion, wherein the grafting adopts a grafting method, in the afternoon before the grafting, 150g of glucose plus 10ml of Dupont Adone with the concentration of 22.5 percent is added with 15kg of water, the stock and the scion are sprayed, the positions with the consistent thicknesses of the stock and the scion young stems are selected, the stock is obliquely cut at an angle of 30 degrees, the stock is cut from bottom to top, the scion is cut from top to bottom, the section length is 0.4cm to 0.6cm, the section of the scion and the stock is grafted, and the grafting clamp or a sleeve is used for fixing;

3) sterilizing and disinfecting a sunlight greenhouse before field planting, preparing land and applying fertilizer, manufacturing a built-in straw reactor and making furrows, when grafted seedlings have 7-8 unfolded leaves and the plant height is 20cm, carrying bud field planting, digging pits at the positions with plant errors at the positions with the ridge height of 2/3, field planting the seedlings according to the plant spacing of 50cm, wherein the soil covering depth is 1cm higher than the plant lumps, the field planting density is 2000 plants/mu, and during field planting, every m of seedlings are planted²2g of 10 hundred million/g of bacillus subtilis and 1g of potassium fulvate are applied, mixed with water or mixed with soil for hole application, and field planting management is carried out after field planting.

2. The grafting seedling raising method for solar greenhouse pepper cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stock seedling tray in step 1) is a 72-hole plug tray, and the scion seedling tray is a flat tray;

the substrate is a complete nutrition substrate, N + P₂O₅+K₂The content of O is more than or equal to 1 percent, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 40 percent, and the number of effective viable bacteria is 2000 ten thousand per gram.

3. The grafting seedling method for solar greenhouse pepper cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the environmental management in step 1) comprises temperature management, moisture management, and plant management;

the temperature management is that the temperature before emergence of seedlings is 25-32 ℃ at daytime, the temperature at night is 20-22 ℃, the temperature after emergence of seedlings is 25-28 ℃ during daytime, the temperature at night is 18-20 ℃, the temperature before grafting is 25-28 ℃ at daytime and the temperature at night is 16-20 ℃;

the water management is that the water content of the matrix is kept 100% after sowing, and the water content of the matrix is kept 70% -75% when the cotyledon is flattened to a period of two leaves and one heart; the water content of the matrix before grafting is kept between 65 and 70 percent;

and after the plant management is carried out on two leaf periods of the plant, spraying chlormequat chloride or 700 times of liquid for 1-2 times on the leaf surface of the plant which grows in vain.

4. The grafting seedling raising method for solar greenhouse pepper cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 2) further comprises an operation of post-grafting management, wherein the operation is to cover the seedling with a film immediately after grafting, maintain the substrate water content at 90-95%, the air humidity at 95% -100%, the temperature during the day before 3d after grafting at 30-32 ℃, the temperature during night at 18-20 ℃, the temperature after grafting at 4-7 d, the temperature during the day at 28-30 ℃, the temperature at night at 18-20 ℃, open the film after healing of grafting wounds, the temperature during the day at 27-28 ℃ and the temperature at night at 15-18 ℃.

5. The grafting seedling raising method for solar greenhouse pepper cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sterilization and disinfection in step 3) is performed by high temperature shed-closing disinfection and/or chemical disinfection;

the high-temperature greenhouse closing disinfection method comprises the steps of cleaning the crops in the middle of 7 months, adding 80kg of lime nitrogen into each mu of greenhouse, adding 1000kg of crushed straw, deeply turning 30-35 cm of the crushed straw and soil, irrigating with big water, sealing the ground by using a film, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 60-70 ℃, controlling the temperature of the soil to be about 40 ℃, and maintaining for 20-25 d;

the method for sterilizing the pesticide comprises the steps of mixing 1kg of sulfur, 3.5kg of sawdust and 0.5kg of 80% DDV0.5kg per mu 15 days before field planting, then igniting the mixture in 7-8 piles, and sealing the fumigation chamber for 24-48 hours.

6. The grafting seedling raising method for solar greenhouse pepper cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil preparation and fertilization operation in step 3) is to apply 3000kg of fully fermented and decomposed sheep manure per mu, add N: p: k is 1: 40 kg-60 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 1, 20kg of potassium magnesium sulfate, 1kg of zinc sulfate and 20kg of calcium nitrate, and after uniform spreading, rotary tillage is carried out for 2 times.

7. The grafting seedling method for solar greenhouse pepper cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for manufacturing the built-in straw reactor in step 3) comprises:

(1) according to the straw leavening agent: wheat bran: water 1: 10: 12.5, covering the mixture by using a film, tightly stacking the mixture for 1 to 2 days, removing the film when the temperature in the stack reaches 35 to 38 ℃, spreading the film, and activating the marker straw leavening agent when white hyphae appear for later use;

(2) under a planting row, digging a ditch with the width of 35-40 cm and the depth of 20-25 cm, filling crop straws with the thickness of 25cm into the ditch, using the amount of 2000-2500 kg/mu, treading the ditch after filling, uniformly scattering a straw leavening agent, covering soil with the thickness of 8-10 cm, and watering the ditch, wherein the using amount of the straw leavening agent is 4-5 kg/mu.

8. The grafting seedling raising method for solar greenhouse pepper cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operation of making a bed in step 3) is to fill soil on the straw reactor to make a small high bed, and water after making a bed according to a large and small row planting form, a large row spacing of 80 cm, a small row spacing of 50cm and a bed height of 20cm-25cm, and water the straw reactor thoroughly.

9. The grafting seedling method for solar greenhouse pepper cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the field planting management comprises temperature management, illumination management, water and fertilizer management, mulching film laying, shed film replacement, plant adjustment and pest control;

the temperature management comprises the following steps that the temperature in the daytime after field planting is 28-30 ℃, the temperature in the nighttime is 20-15 ℃, the temperature in the daytime after seedling postponing is 27-28 ℃, the temperature in the nighttime is 18-15 ℃, when the temperature in the middle and the last of 9 months is less than 15 ℃ according to the temperature condition, a bottom air port is closed, a first layer of straw mat or heat preservation felt is covered in the last 10 months for heat preservation, when the temperature in the middle and the last 11 months is less than 5 ℃, a second layer of straw mat or heat preservation felt is covered for heat preservation, the temperature in the last 12 months is 27-30 ℃, the temperature in the nighttime is 15-18 ℃, the seedling is pulled in the middle and the last 6 months, and the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be not higher than 35 ℃;

the illumination management comprises the steps of installing a light supplement lamp in a greenhouse, installing 30-40 light supplement lamps in each mu, enabling the height of the light supplement lamps to exceed 20-30 cm of a vine hanging steel wire, and hanging a reflective screen with the width of 90-100 cm on the rear wall of the greenhouse, wherein the technical parameters of the light supplement lamp are as follows: luminous flux 1520lm, luminous efficiency 51.0lm/w, light radiation power 6.8 w;

the water and fertilizer management comprises the steps of immediately watering planting water in small furrows after planting, watering seedling-slowing water after 5d, timely punching holes between two seedlings after 7d, wherein the hole diameter is 2-4 cm, installing a 35N-folded micro-spraying belt in the small furrows after 10d, finishing squatting when the pepper grows to 10cm, starting topdressing and watering, watering once every 12 d-15 d during the fruiting period, watering once 20 d-25 d from the bottom of 11 months to the top ten days of the next year in 2 months, watering once 15d from the middle ten days of 2 months to the middle ten days of 3 months in 2 months, and watering once after 8 d-12 d after 3 middle ten days of the months; after 5 days of field planting, water flushing and applying microbial fertilizer containing mycorrhiza fungi along with the water for seedling revival, then controlling water and squatting, covering a mulching film after 20 days, opening the film to lead the seedlings out of the film, and additionally applying 7.5kg of high-potassium water flushing fertilizer with N, P, K being 22, 8 and 30 per mu along with the water; spraying foliar fertilizer from the beginning of the early flowering period, spraying calcium-magnesium micro-fertilizer, spraying zinc-boron micro-fertilizer after 4 days, circularly spraying once every 15 days, spraying 0.2-0.3% of monopotassium phosphate and chitin or 2% of amino-oligosaccharin on the leaf surface once every 15 days when the first capsicum begins, and spraying 6-8 times once after 15 days;

the mulching film is covered 15-20 days after field planting, intertillage, hoeing and marking are carried out before covering the mulching film, the cultivation row is covered firstly, and the operation row is covered after 10 middle and last ten days;

the greenhouse film is replaced in the last ten days of 9 months to the middle ten days of 10 months, and the new greenhouse film is replaced;

after the plants are adjusted to be fixedly planted for half a month, carrying out vine hanging, double-trunk or three-trunk pruning, and carrying out branching selection when no dew exists in the sunny day;

the pest control comprises gray mold control, canker control, whitefly control, bemisia tabaci, yellow tea mite control and thrips control.

10. The grafting seedling method for solar greenhouse pepper cultivation as claimed in claim 9, wherein the method for controlling gray mold comprises:

(1) the mulching film is fully covered, and the humidity in the shed is reduced;

(2) the ventilation quantity is increased, and the air humidity is reduced;

(3) removing the damaged dry flowers in time, removing diseased fruits, diseased leaves and diseased branches after disease attack, and destroying or deeply burying;

(4) when the flower is dipped, 10ml of 2.5 percent of yile liquid medicine is added into 2.5kg of liquid medicine for preventing diseases;

(5) starting to use 22.5 percent of Dupont Adone and 2 percent of amino-oligosaccharin to alternately spray for prevention and treatment 10 days after field planting, wherein the interval time is 15-20 days;

(6) immediately after the disease occurs, 3000 times of liquid of 50% flowery friend wettable powder, or 1500 times of 22.5% Dupont attone, or 1200 times of liquid of 50% Keze wettable powder, or 1200 times of liquid of 40% pyrimethanil water dispersible granules are used for preventing and treating, and the interval time is 5-7 d;

the method for preventing and treating the ulcer disease comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting a high-efficiency non-drip film, and flattening the greenhouse film when buckling the film to prevent the greenhouse film from dripping water downwards;

(2) pruning and twitching are carried out on sunny days when the humidity is high in cloudy days or in the morning;

(3) in the early stage of disease development, 70% of thiophanate methyl, 1% of zhongshengmycin aqueous solution and 10 times of water are added to be smeared on the disease part of a disease plant, then 47% of 600-800 times of Jiaruinong liquid or 1% of 800-1000 times of zhongshengmycin aqueous solution are alternately sprayed for 7 d-10 d once, when the occurrence degree is increased, the 600-800 times of Jiaruinong liquid or the 800-1000 times of 1% of zhongshengmycin aqueous solution is sprayed and root irrigation is combined, and the amount of liquid medicine of each disease plant of the root irrigation is 0.15 kg;

the control method of the trialeurodes vaporariorum and/or the trialeurodes vaporariorum comprises the following steps:

(1) 1 d-2 d before field planting, placing the seedling tray into sharp or sharp solution for soaking for 3-5 seconds;

(2) before field planting, firstly, suspending yellow insecticidal plates containing sex hormones in a shed to trap whiteflies, bemisia tabaci and aphids, suspending 30-40 yellow insecticidal plates per mu, suspending the yellow insecticidal plates containing the sex hormones in the east-west direction, keeping the yellow insecticidal plates 10cm away from a plant growth point, and covering insect-proof nets with more than 40 meshes at air outlets and doorways of a greenhouse;

(3) spraying the pesticide at the early stage of the whitefly and when the density is low, and using 2000-3000 times of 25% of Acetamol water dispersible granules, or 1000-1500 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 2000-3000 times of 1.8% of abamectin emulsifiable solution, or 2000-3000 times of 2.5% of high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable solution, or 2500-3000 times of 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable solution;

(4) the encarsia formosa and the trichogramma are used for preventing and treating;

the method for controlling tea yellow mites comprises the following steps:

(1) agricultural control: removing the Patrinia scabiosaefolia in the greenhouse before field planting, sterilizing the field planting greenhouse with sulfur and dichlorvos, fumigating the seedling raising greenhouse with 80% DDV1kg per mu, and sealing for 48 h;

(2) and (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament: 3000 times of 2% avermectin emulsifiable solution is added with 2000 times of 20% pyridaben emulsifiable solution for spraying, or 1000 times of 20% compound liuyangmycin emulsifiable solution for spraying, or 2500 times of 73% propargite emulsifiable solution for spraying once in 7-10 days, and the upper parts of plants, especially the back surfaces and tender stems of tender leaves, are sprayed in a key way;

the prevention and treatment method of thrips comprises the following steps:

(1) physical control, namely hanging blue trap insecticidal plates in the field, wherein the distance between the blue plates and the plant growing point is 10cm, and trapping and killing adult insects by using 30-50 blue trap insecticidal plates with the distance of 25cm × 30cm and 30-50 blue trap insecticidal plates per mu;

(2) and (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament: 10ml to 20ml of 6 percent spinetoram is mixed with 15kg to 30kg of water, or 7500 to 10000 times of 5 percent emamectin benzoate microemulsion and 3000 times of 10 percent bifenthrin emulsifiable solution, or 800 times of 4.5 percent high-efficiency cypermethrin and 1000 times of 1.8 percent avermectin solution are added to evenly spray the leaves.