CN103568813A - 用于混合动力车辆的驱动单元 - Google Patents

用于混合动力车辆的驱动单元 Download PDF

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CN103568813A
CN103568813A CN201310345518.4A CN201310345518A CN103568813A CN 103568813 A CN103568813 A CN 103568813A CN 201310345518 A CN201310345518 A CN 201310345518A CN 103568813 A CN103568813 A CN 103568813A
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clutch
shaft
rotor
input shaft
driver element
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CN103568813B (zh
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R.格拉斯纳
H.卡斯特勒
R.海姆伯格
D.C.诺斯普
J.皮特里奇
G.沃尼克
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Magna Co ltd
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Engineering Center Steyr GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B60K6/405—Housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/19023—Plural power paths to and/or from gearing
    • Y10T74/19051—Single driven plural drives

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种描述为用于混合驱动机动车辆的驱动单元，包括：输入轴（EW），可以连接到内燃机的曲轴；变速器轴（GW），可以经由离合器片（KS）的带齿轮毂连接为下游变速器的输入轴；电机（EM），其转子（R）旋转固定地连接到离合器（K1、K2），其中所述部件被容纳在壳体（G）中，并且壳体（G）具有沿径向延伸的壳体壁作为支承壁（LG），其中支承壁（LG）形成了电机（EM）的腔室与离合器（K1、K2）的腔室的物理分离。

Description

用于混合动力车辆的驱动单元
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于混合驱动机动车辆的驱动单元，包括：输入轴，该输入轴可以连接到内燃机的曲轴；变速器轴，扭矩可以经由该变速器轴被供给至下游变速器；电机，该电机的转子可以经由第一离合器进行连接，其中所述部件被容纳在壳体中，并且壳体具有沿径向延伸的壳体壁作为支承壁，其中该支承壁形成了用于电机的腔室以及用于第一离合器的腔室。
背景技术
在混合动力车辆中，用内燃机、用电动机支撑操作、以及发电机操作是可行的。例如，一部分动能可以用驱动单元以电动方式加以返回。
串联混合驱动意味着内燃机和电动机串联连接而没有机械联接。内燃机驱动发电机，发电机经由电池供电给电动机，电动机又产生用于车轮的驱动力矩。
在并联混合驱动中，内燃机和电动机两者与车轮机械联接。用于车轮的驱动力矩可以由一个或两个驱动机产生。
公知的驱动单元允许串联、并联以及发电机操作，并被布置为位于内燃机与手动或自动变速器之间的相应组件。来自内燃机的驱动力矩可以经由离合器而脱离，并且具有电动机支撑的驱动力矩可以经由另一离合器被转换直到变速器。当内燃机脱离时，纯电气驱动是可以的。
DE10297305T5描述了用于机动车辆的具有两个离合器和电机的传动单元。在该解决方案中，曲轴的延伸部突出到传动单元中。
EP1027224B1示出了具有两个离合器的驱动***，其可以独立地进行转换并具有电动机。飞轮直接设置在突出到驱动***中的轴上。
根据DE102010041843A1，用于机动车辆的电动马达具有：环形定子，可旋转安装的转子与之同轴；冷却通道，延伸在定子上；以及旋转位置传感器。旋转位置传感器的固定元件布置在界定冷却通道的盖元件之上。
根据DE112005002200B4的混合动力车辆驱动单元具有起动器离合器，其中转子支撑部件的柱形区域被置于离合器鼓的圆周表面上，其中游隙存在于柱形区域和外圆周表面之间。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种用于机动车辆的驱动单元，其与公知的解决方案相比具有改进的设计。
该目的通过设备相关权利要求的特征来实现。改进来自从属权利要求。
根据本发明的解决方案是用于混合驱动机动车辆的驱动单元，包括：输入轴，该输入轴可以连接到内燃机的曲轴；变速器轴，扭矩可以经由该变速器轴被供给至下游变速器；电机，该电机的转子可以经由第一离合器进行连接，其中所述部件被容纳在壳体中，并且壳体具有沿径向延伸的壳体壁作为支承壁，其中该支承壁形成了用于电机的腔室以及用于第一离合器的腔室。
一个实施例包括：输入轴，为驱动目的该输入轴可以连接到内燃机的曲轴；变速器轴，为驱动目的该变速器轴可以经由离合器片的带齿轮毂作为输入轴而连接到下游变速器；电机，该电机的转子与离合器旋转固定地连接，其中所述部件被容纳在壳体中，并且壳体具有沿径向延伸的壳体壁作为支承壁，其中该支承壁形成了用于电机的腔室与用于离合器的腔室的物理分离。
因此，本解决方案提出了一体壳体，借助于沿径向延伸的壳体壁，该一体壳体使联接腔室与马达腔室彼此分离，并由此作为支承壁来承载用于电机的轴承。在此，电机具有形成为空心轴的转子轴。该空心轴由布置在支承壁中的轴承来加以安装。驱动单元的输入轴被引导穿过转子的空心轴。
由于离合器与电机的分离，由磨耗导致的磨损可以不进入电机的腔室。另外，形成了热分隔。
根据本发明的实施例，两个离合器布置在离合器腔室中，一个是第一离合器，内燃机借助于第一离合器而脱离。可优选地，该第一离合器形成为多片离合器。第二离合器用来脱离变速器，并构成主离合器。这形成为单片干式离合器，并成为用于下游变速器的输入离合器。可优选地，两个离合器结合成一个离合器单元。在此，第一离合器的形成为多片离合器的离合器转鼓（clutch basket）被旋转固定地连接到第二离合器的背压板。在此，背压板形成了第一离合器—多片离合器的摩擦表面。
由于第一离合器的离合器转鼓旋转固定地连接到第二离合器的背压板—针对可释放或不可释放连接，两个离合器之间的有利热联接得以实现。离合器***的热容量得以改进。
如果根据本发明的在驱动单元下游连接的变速器是具有转换器的自动变速器，则主离合器—第二离合器不是必要的。在这种情况下的驱动单元被旋转固定地连接到转换器。
电机的转子被旋转固定地连接到第一离合器的离合器转鼓。设置在壳体的支承壁中的第一轴承承载电机的转子。第一离合器的离合器转鼓经由布置在支承壁中的第二轴承被安装并支撑。离合器转鼓经由多槽轮廓（带齿轮毂）以旋转固定且轴向可移动的方式安装在转子的空心轴上。这导致设计为空心轴的转子轴的第一直接安装和第二间接安装。对于观测电机的气隙以及离合器单元因生产导致的失衡的公差而言，该安装设计在此是有利的。
描述转子轴和离合器转鼓的安装用宽的轴承座给出了倾斜稳定的支撑。轴承被设计为分开密封的单元。此外，当变速器已经移除时，离合器单元可以更换—电机的转子轴经由第一轴承仍然以稳定的方式保持在壳体中。
内燃机的曲轴借助于凸缘连接到飞轮。该飞轮经由扭振减振器而作用于输入轴上，其中扭振减振器经由带齿轮毂（多槽轮廓）与输入轴联接。飞轮延伸在电机的端部绕组区域上，部分地处于轴向外侧，并且与之螺栓连接的输入侧扭振减振器部分或完全地处于端部绕组内侧。由此，在轴向方向上可以实现尽可能紧凑的构造。
输入轴经由密封的轴瓦在曲轴方向上被安装为在凸缘中保持曲轴-飞轮的导轴承。输入轴用另一密封轴承安装在电机的形成为空心轴的转子轴中。第一离合器的离合器轮毂牢固地连接到或模制在输入轴上，或一体地附接至输入轴，该离合器轮毂沿轴向对准输入轴。变速器输入轴经由第二密封轴瓦被安装在输入轴中。
可优选地，第一离合器经由压缩空气和环形工作活塞而致动。工作腔室由支承壁中的柱形壳体扩展部形成，其用作对电机转子轴的轴承以及对离合器转鼓的轴承的端部屏蔽。工作活塞设计为阶梯式活塞，并经由直接***于壳体中的两个沿轴向间隔开的密封件来密封。滑面是阶梯式活塞的汽缸外面，其可优选地生产为未加工的已模制好的钢制活塞。
致动器活塞布置在用于电机的转子轴的第一轴承和用于第一离合器的离合器转鼓的第二轴承之间。密封推力轴承以及阶梯式致动器活塞的密封件由此受到保护，防止来自离合器腔室、电机的腔室以及接收输入侧扭振减振器的另一腔室的污染物。
闭止推力轴环（closed thrust collar）经由致动元件加压，该致动元件引导穿过沿径向处于尽可能远尽可能向内的离合器转鼓的凹处。推力轴环处于克服第一离合器的弹簧元件而装配的力下。推力轴承经由滑座而居中于转子轴上，阶梯式活塞沿径向引导并沿轴向由推力轴承定位。由此，倾斜稳定地引导活塞得以实现。经由推力轴承致动的轴向力应当尽可能小地加以保持，这可以通过第一离合器的离合器弹簧的相应平移比来实现。
工作活塞以压力缓解的方式作用在弹簧元件上，该弹簧元件压缩离合器转鼓的各片以及板架（plate carrier）的各片。压缩空气经由壳体壁中的孔、通道进行供给。
可优选地，第二离合器（主离合器）的致动是自动变速器的标准致动。离合器单元的第一和第二离合器的致动力彼此相对作用，这样轴向力相减，并因此用离合器单元缓解在转子的轴承上的负荷。轴承的轴向负荷较小，是两个致动力间的差值。
可优选地，电机的高压连接离开电机的定子绕组被引导到位于输出侧壳体凸缘上的端部接触加工部。因此，在驱动单元的壳体上具有外部加工部的径向外侧接线盒不是必要的。
旋转发射器（位置传感器）布置在输入侧扭振减振器和电机的转子轴之间。具有插销和线缆连接的旋转发射器的定子由盖板承载，或预安装在盖板上。旋转发射器的转子经由垫圈而旋转固定地连接到转子轴。密封件可以布置在该垫圈中，其密封了两个相邻腔室。
下面描述的具有预装部件的安装依次发生。第一轴承和致动器密封件被装配于壳体中。具有所施加的冷却套管的电机定子被***于壳体中的驱动侧。预安装在转子轴的轮缘状垫圈上的转子经由第一轴承被***并居中于壳体中。具有旋转发射器转子的垫圈被安装在电机的转子轴中。具有旋转发射器定子、插销和接线的预安装盖板被螺栓连接到壳体。致动活塞被***于壳体中输出侧，并且第二轴承被安装在壳体中。高压连接通过壳体壁中的开口被连接到输出侧凸缘的定子接触件。壳体壁中的开口借助于盖被紧密封。具有致动器元件的预装离合器单元经由第二轴承被安装并居中于壳体中。该组件经由预先准备的接口被螺栓连接到内燃机，并且下游变速器被螺栓连接到驱动单元的壳体。在离合器单元中一个或两个离合器维修的情况下，这可以进行更换，不必从内燃机的壳体释放驱动单元的壳体。接收旋转扭振减振器和电机的腔室仍然不受影响。
附图说明
现在，本发明的示例性实施例参考附图加以说明。
图1示出了穿过驱动单元的截面。
具体实施方式
图1示出了穿过驱动单元的截面，其包括具有沿径向延伸的壳体壁作为支承壁LG的壳体G。该支承壁LG将壳体分成两个腔室，其中一个腔室接收离合器K1、K2，而第二腔室用来容纳电机EM。
支承壁LG具有用于两个轴承L1、L2的轴承保持架LA。电机EM的转子R和设计为空心轴的转子轴RW经由轴承L1被安装在壳体侧。第一离合器K1的形成为多片离合器的离合器转鼓KK经由第二轴承L2被安装在壳体侧。
内燃机的曲轴（未示出）经由凸缘FL被连接到飞轮SW。飞轮SW经由第一扭振减振器DS1而作用于输入轴EW上，输入轴EW穿过电机EM的设计为空心轴的转子轴RW。扭振减振器DS1经由带齿轮毂而旋转固定地连接到输入轴EW。
输入轴EW经由轴瓦LB1被安装在飞轮SW中，并经由轴承L3被安装在转子轴RW中。变速器轴GW经由轴瓦LB2被安装在输入轴EW中。扭矩经由变速器轴被供给至变速器（未示出）。此外，输入轴EW相对于设计为空心轴的转子轴RW经由离合器轮毂KN沿轴向定位。
电机EM由转子R和固定地布置在壳体G中的定子ST组成。借助于置于壳体G中的盖板AB，电机EM布置在分离腔室中，其中盖板AB具有位于通过输入轴EW区域的密封装置以及用于检测转子位置的旋转发射器DG。旋转发射器DG的具有插销和线缆连接的定子由盖板承载，或预安装在盖板AB上。旋转发射器的转子经由垫圈与转子轴RW旋转固定地连接。具体地，密封件布置在该垫圈中，借助于此，扭振减振器DS1的腔室与电机EM的腔室密封开来。飞轮SW和扭振减振器DS1布置在位于电机EM腔室上游的飞轮壳体SG的腔室中。内燃机的飞轮壳体（图1中未示出）在中间具有开口，用于经由凸缘FL将曲轴连接到飞轮SW。
第一离合器K1的离合器转鼓KK经由带齿轮毂旋转固定地设置在设计为空心轴的转子轴RW上。输入轴具有离合器轮毂KN，它与离合器转鼓KK和联接到离合器轮毂KN的盘一起形成多片离合器。该多片离合器经由弹簧元件FE关闭，并经由环形工作活塞AK打开，环形工作活塞AK设置在轴承L1和L2之间，并可以用压缩空气加压。工作活塞AK经由致动元件而作用，以缓解弹簧元件FE上的压力。经由壳体G中、支承壁LG中的孔B，工作活塞AK用压缩空气加压。
第一离合器K1的离合器转鼓KK与单片干式离合器的背压板GDP后面旋转固定地联接，这形成了用于下游变速器（未示出）的第二离合器K2和主离合器。为驱动目的，离合器K2的离合器片KS经由第二扭振减振器DS2并经由带齿轮毂与变速器轴GW连接。第二离合器K2以通常方式被致动，未加以示出。
所示的驱动单元布置在内燃机和变速器之间，并经由凸缘连接而连接到飞轮壳体和变速器壳体（未示出）。
附图标记列表
G         壳体
LG        壳体壁、支承壁
SG        飞轮壳体
LA        轴承保持架
K1、K2    第一离合器、第二离合器
EM        电机
R         转子
ST        定子绕组
L1、L2    （转子轴、离合器转鼓的）第一轴承、第二轴承
KK        （第一离合器、多片离合器的）离合器转鼓
FL        （曲轴的）凸缘
SW        飞轮
DS1、DS2  第一扭振减振器、第二扭振减振器
EW        输入轴
RW        转子轴
GW        变速器轴
LB1、LB2  （飞轮、变速器轴的）轴瓦
L3        轴承圈
AB        盖板
KN        离合器轮毂
FE        （第一离合器的）弹簧元件
AK        工作活塞
B         孔
GDP       （第二离合器的）背压板
KS        离合器片

Claims (15)

1.一种用于混合驱动机动车辆的驱动单元，包括：输入轴（EW），所述输入轴可以连接到内燃机的曲轴；变速器轴（GW），扭矩可以经由所述变速器轴被供给至下游变速器；电机（EM），所述电机的转子（R）可以经由第一离合器（K1）进行连接，其中所述部件被容纳在壳体（G）中，并且所述壳体（G）具有沿径向延伸的壳体壁作为支承壁（LG），其中所述支承壁（LG）形成了用于所述电机（EM）的腔室以及用于所述第一离合器（K1）的腔室。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述支承壁（LG）具有轴承保持架（LA），所述轴承保持架用于实现电机（EM）的转子（R）的轴承。
3.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述电机（EM）的转子（R）具有形成为空心轴的转子轴（RW），所述输入轴（EW）被引导穿过所述转子轴。
4.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述输入轴（EW）旋转固定地连接到离合器部分，可优选地连接到所述第一离合器（K1）的形成为多片离合器的离合器轮毂（KN）。
5.根据权利要求4所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述第一离合器（K1）的离合器转鼓（KK）与第二离合器（K2）的背压板（GDP）旋转固定地联接。
6.根据权利要求4所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述离合器轮毂（KN）被一体地连接到所述输入轴（EW）。
7.根据权利要求5所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述第二离合器（K2）的背压板（GDP）形成了所述第一离合器（K1）的摩擦表面。
8.根据权利要求2所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述轴承保持架（LA）经由第一轴承（L1）直接地承载所述电机（EM）的转子（R）的转子轴（RW），并经由第二轴承（L2）承载直接地安装并旋转固定地设置在转子轴（RW）上的离合器部分，具体地承载所述第一离合器（K1）的离合器转鼓（KK）。
9.根据权利要求2所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述轴承保持架（LA）具有环形的工作活塞（AK），所述环形的工作活塞可以用压力介质加压，可优选地用压缩空气加压，以致动所述第一离合器（K1）。
10.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述输入轴（EW）同轴地设置到凸缘（FL），用以联接所述内燃机的曲轴，并设置到所述变速器轴（GW），并且相对于轴瓦（LB1、LB2）中的这些部分进行安装。
11.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述电机（EM）经由布置在所述壳体（G）中的盖板（AB）与扭振减振器（DS1）分离，所述扭振减振器将所述内燃机的扭矩传递到所述输入轴（EW）。
12.根据权利要求11所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，密封装置通过所述盖板（AB）被布置在穿过所述输入轴（EW）的区域中。
13.根据权利要求11所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，旋转发射器（DG）被布置在所述输入轴（EW）的通道的、穿过所述盖板（AB）的区域中，以检测所述转子轴（RW）的位置。
14.根据权利要求13所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述旋转发射器（DG）的定子被布置在所述盖板（AB）中。
15.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其特征在于，所述离合器（K1、K2）可以进行更换，不必将所述驱动单元的壳体（G）与飞轮壳体分离。
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