CN109983670B - 离合器装置 - Google Patents
离合器装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109983670B CN109983670B CN201780070579.0A CN201780070579A CN109983670B CN 109983670 B CN109983670 B CN 109983670B CN 201780070579 A CN201780070579 A CN 201780070579A CN 109983670 B CN109983670 B CN 109983670B
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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- F16D21/06—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种离合器装置,其包括:第一部分离合器(4),该第一部分离合器包括与或能与电动机(2)的转子(3)联接的、带有至少两个第一外片(6)的第一外片托架(5)和带有至少一个嵌入到两个第一外片(6)之间的第一内片(8)的第一内片托架(7);以及至少一个第二部分离合器(16),该第二部分离合器包括多个设置在第一外片托架或者与或能与转子(3)联接的第二外片托架上的第二外片(17)以及带有嵌入到第二外片(17)之间的第二内片(18)的第二内片托架(19),其中,第一和第二离合器装置(4、16)布置在转子(3)之内,其中,转子(3)至少在一个轴向侧经由托架(36、37)转动支承在用于操纵至少一个离合器装置(4、16、21)的操纵装置(11、31)的壳体(40、41)上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种离合器装置,其包括:第一部分离合器,该第一部分离合器包括与或能与电动机的转子联接的、带有至少两个第一外片的第一外片托架和带有至少一个嵌入到两个第一外片之间的第一内片的第一内片托架;以及至少一个第二部分离合器,该第二部分离合器包括多个设置在第一外片托架或者与或能与转子联接的第二外片托架上的第二外片以及带有嵌入到第二外片之间的第二内片的第二内片托架,其中,第一和第二离合器装置布置在转子之内。
背景技术
这种离合器装置以公知的方式用于将驱动装置例如内燃机的驱动器与变速器联接。在带有混合式驱动器的现代机动车中,额外设有电动机,该电动机同样能够通过这种离合器装置与变速器联接,以便实现电动的行驶运行。但电动机此外也通过内燃机的输出机构与或能与内燃机联接,以便例如在启动时支持或驱动该内燃机。
为了实现所述各联接,这种离合器装置包括至少两个部分离合器。电动机的转子经由该第一部分离合器能够与能通过内燃机或类似设备驱动的驱动毂连接。这经由该第一部分离合器的第一内片托架实现,第一内片托架与驱动毂连接或能与驱动毂连接。转子本身与该第一部分离合器的第一外片托架连接。在该第一外片托架上通常布置有至少两个外片,通常为钢片,布置在第一内片托架上的、带有托架和两侧的摩擦衬片的内片,通常为摩擦片,嵌入到所述至少两个外片中。这种由至少这三个片构成的片组能够通过合适的操纵元件挤压到一起并处于摩擦锁合(Reibschluss)中。因此电动机的转子与驱动毂连接,从而转子旋转能够传递给驱动毂。因为驱动毂本身与内燃机联接,所以由此能够驱动内燃机用以启动。
为了使内燃机和电动机均与变速器联接,设有至少一个第二部分离合器,该至少一个第二部分离合器同样具有外片托架,多个第二外片以能轴向运动的方式布置在该外片托架上。所述外片托架可以是与电动机的转子联接的第一外片托架,也就是说,第一和第二外片布置在相同的外片托架上。但备选也可以是单独的第二外片托架。
此外,设有带有多个第二内片的第二内片托架,其中,第二外片在此例如也是钢片并且第二内片在此例如也是摩擦片。第二外片和第二内片同样形成能轴向挤压到一起的第二片组,该第二片组能够通过合适的操纵元件挤压到一起。第二内片托架与和变速器联接的或能和变速器联接的驱动毂连接。由此能够将第二部分离合器的外片托架的经由内燃机或电动机促成的旋转传递给与变速器联接的驱动毂。
已知第三部分离合器与外片组和内片组的附加的整合,其中,外片在此也布置在共同的第一外片托架上或者布置在同样与转子联接的单独的第三外片托架上,而在内片托架上则设有相应的内片。这个片组也能够通过合适的操纵元件挤压到一起。通过第二和第三部分离合器能以本身公知的方式接通不同的变速器级组。但这种第三部分离合器是选择性的。
能够以不同的方式实现这种混合驱动器的运行。
在纯电动驱动的情况下,转子的旋转通过第二部分离合器和必要时第三部分离合器提供给驱动毂并因此将扭矩提供给变速器。第一部分离合器在此是断开的,因此没有提供与内燃机的联接。因此通过转子驱动第二部分离合器和/或第三部分离合器的外片托架。若该外片托架是本就与转子连接的第一外片托架,那么在转子旋转时强制性地给出该外片托架的旋转。若第二或第三部分离合器具有单独的第二或第三外片托架,那么第二或第三外片托架以相应的方式与转子联接。
若应当经由内燃机进行驱动,那么第一部分离合器就被接合,也就是说,内燃机侧的驱动毂与转子联接。基于转子与第二或第三部分离合器的联接,能够将由内燃机产生的力矩通过第一和第二和/或第三部分离合器传递给驱动毂并因此传递给变速器。在这种情况下,在此没有运行的电动机的转子随之转动。若整合有第三部分离合器,那么与所选择的驱动方式无关地与第二部分离合器交替地接通第三部分离合器。
为了操纵所设置的部分离合器,设置有例如形式为压力罐的相应的操纵元件,所述操纵元件分别挤压向轴向外置的外片,以便将各自的片组朝着止挡推移并带入到摩擦锁合中。若各自的片组卸去负荷,那么已挤压到一起的片应当彼此分开,也就是人们所说的片组的“拉开”,由此取消摩擦锁合并因此取消力矩传递。各自的部分离合器于是被断开。
为了实现一种特别是沿轴向方向需要尽可能少的结构空间的尽可能紧凑的离合器装置,已知的是,部分离合器布置在转子之内,也就是说,这些部分离合器轴向上前后相继地或者必要时也在径向上嵌套地布置,但无论如何都处在转子之内。由此能够利用由转子包围的结构空间。
转子本身是受转动支承的,为此转子通常通过设置在两个轴向侧的托架和相应的支承装置以常见的方式支撑或支承在壳体侧的支承容纳部上。因为壳体带有轴向间距地罩着电动机,因此需要与转子轴向间隔开地设置该支承部位,其中,附加地在壳体侧形成相应的支承容纳部。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,说明一种相对加以改进的、紧凑地构建的离合器装置。
为了解决该技术问题,按照本发明,在本文开头所提到的类型的离合器装置中规定,转子至少在一个轴向侧经由托架转动支承在用于操纵至少一个离合器装置的操纵装置的壳体上。
按照本发明,转子经由至少一个设置在其轴向侧的托架转动支承在用于操纵离合器装置的操纵装置的壳体上。这个例如形式为CSC(同心式工作缸,concentric slavecylinder)的液压操纵装置的操纵装置位置固定地安装,并且因为经由该操纵装置来驱控部分离合器的操纵元件而与沿轴向方向观察紧随其后的部分离合器紧密相邻地布置。按照本发明,转子现在转动支承在这个操纵装置的壳体上。因此,仅需要在这个相对转子径向上进一步内置的壳体上设置相应的支承座,支承装置、例如滚动轴承布置在该支承座上。这个位置在轴向上观察与最为紧随其后的部分离合器紧密相邻并且能够视壳体外直径而定地在径向上进一步外置或进一步内置。但无论如何都获得了进一步的紧凑性,这是因为支承点设置在同样已经关于给定的结构空间以高紧凑度设计或布置的构件上。
在此特别适宜的是,转子也在第二轴向侧经由第二托架转动支承在第二操纵装置的壳体上,至少一个部分离合器能经由该第二操纵装置操纵。因此,若使用两个单独的操纵装置来操纵第一和第二部分离合器或者操纵第三部分离合器(倘若设有第三部分离合器的话),那么能够考虑到的是,使转子在两侧经由相应的托架转动支承在各一个操纵装置例如CSC或电气的操纵装置的壳体上。
在此,当处于转子之内、用于整合部分离合器的结构空间已经被耗尽时,一个或两个壳体能轴向布置在转子之外,从而在这种情况下各自的托架转动支承在转子之外。但也能够考虑到的是:倘若结构空间允许,一个或两个壳体轴向伸入到转子中并且托架转动支承在转子的内部。当然也能够考虑到的是:各自的支承设施,在径向上观察的话,至少部分地嵌入到转子中,这是因为该支承设施自然也具有一定的轴向延伸。此外还能够考虑到的是:一个支承部位布置在转子之外,而另一个支承部位至少部分地布置在转子之内。
按照本发明的已经探讨过的适宜的扩展方案,也能够考虑到的是:设置有第三部分离合器,该第三部分离合器包括多个设置在第一外片托架、第二外片托架或者与或能与所述转子联接的第三外片托架上的第三外片和带有嵌入到第三外片之间的第三内片的第三内片托架,该第三部分离合器同样布置在转子之内。因此在这种情况下实现了三离合器,其中,第一部分离合器用于接连内燃机,而第二和第三部分离合器则用于联接到两个单独的变速器级组,这本身是公知的。在这种情况下,在构造有第三部分离合器时,这个第三部分离合器也整合在转子内部,从而也在实现三个部分离合器的情况下仍得到更为紧凑的结构。
为了经由一个或两个托架支承转子,使用一个或两个滚动轴承,所述滚动轴承包括外圈和内圈,其中,托架视滚动轴承在壳体上的布置而定要么与外圈连接要么与内圈连接。若两个托架转动均支承在一操纵装置的壳体上,那么能够考虑到的是:其中一个托架布置在其中一个滚动轴承的外圈上,所述其中一个滚动轴承以其内圈于外侧安放在第一操纵装置的壳体上,并且另一个托架布置在另一个滚动轴承的内圈上,所述另一个滚动轴承以其外圈于内侧坐落在第二操纵装置的壳体中。因此,在其中一侧上设置有外侧的支承部,而在另一侧上设置有内侧的支承部。但自然也能考虑到的是:在两侧均将托架布置在于是分别坐落在壳体外侧的滚动轴承的外圈上。
此外,按照本发明,一个或多个托架与转子也与之连接的第一或第二或必要时第三外片托架连接。在此,第一和第二以及必要时第三部分离合器的外片优选布置在共同的第一外片托架上,转子以及一个或多个托架也与该共同的第一外片托架连接。也就是说,仅设有一个共同的第一外片托架,所有的部分离合器的全部的外片均布置在该共同的第一外片托架上,这允许了进一步的紧凑性。一个或多个托架直接布置在第一外片托架上,从而它们能够直接相邻于分别邻近的部分离合器径向向内地以及朝着各自的轴承座导引。
若设有三个部分离合器,那么第一或第二操纵装置能够用于操纵两个部分离合器,也就是说,在壳体内设有相应的操纵设备,通过所述相应的操纵设备能单独地操作两个分别配属于一个部分离合器的压力罐。若第二托架也支承在这种壳体上,那么这个操纵装置仅用于一个部分离合器。在此,第一操纵装置优选用于操纵第一和第二离合器并且第二部分离合器用于操纵第三部分离合器。
在此,在这种发明设计方案中,第一部分离合器在径向上比第二部分离合器更靠内地安置并且由能操纵第二部分离合器的操纵元件穿过。也就是说,用于操纵第二部分离合器的压力罐例如穿过第一部分离合器的外片。因为两个部分离合器的外片具有相同的转速,所以可以毫无困问题地实现这一点。
附图说明
接下来参考附图借助实施例详细阐释本发明。附图是示意图并且:
图1在剖面图中示出了按本发明的离合器装置;
图2是在示出了转子支承在第一操纵装置上的情况下图1的离合器的放大的局部视图;以及
图3是在示出了转子支承在第二操纵装置上的情况下图1的离合器装置的放大的局部视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了按本发明的离合器装置1,其带有配属的、配备有转子3的电动机2。设有第一部分离合器4,通常也称为K0离合器,该第一部分离合器带有第一外片托架5,在该第一外片托架上布置着多个第一外片6、例如钢片。在第一内片托架7上布置着多个内片8,在这种情况下是摩擦片。第一外片托架5牢固地与转子3连接,而第一内片托架7则与驱动毂9连接,驱动毂与未详细示出的内燃机联接。
第一外片6和第一内片8形成了片组,因为第一外片6和第一内片8以能轴向运动的方式布置在各自的第一外片托架5和第一内片托架7上,所以所述片组能轴向地朝着支座10挤压到一起。在这种情况下,发生了摩擦锁合的连接并且因此发生了从转子3经由第一外片托架5、片组以及第一内片托架7至驱动毂9的力矩传递,以便由此例如启动内燃机。反过来,由此当然也能将内燃机的扭矩提供给第一外片托架5,该扭矩随后能通过接在下游的另一个部分离合器引导至变速器。
为了操纵这个由第一外片6和第一内片8构成的片组,设有牢固的操纵装置11,该操纵装置涉及形式为CSC(同心式工作缸)的液压地工作的操纵装置。在压力室12中能够借助液压流体建立起相应高的压力,所述压力促成缸13的轴向运动,形式为压力罐的环形的操纵元件15通过滚动轴承14与该缸联接。由该操纵元件的轴向运动引起第一外片6和第一内片86、8挤压到一起并因此引起了用于力矩传递的摩擦锁合。在卸去压力时,操纵元件15又往回运动,挤压到一起的片彼此分离,发生了所谓的“拉开”。
此外,还设有通常也称为K1离合器的第二部分离合器16。这个第二部分离合器也包括多个第二外片17,在此也是钢片,并且也包括多个形式为摩擦片的第二内片18。第二外片17以能轴向运动的方式容纳在第一外片托架5上,而第二内片18则以能轴向运动的方式布置在第二内片托架19上,其中,第一外片6也布置在所述第一外片托架上。
第二内片托架19与和变速器连接的驱动毂20抗相对转动地连接。
通过所述第二部分离合器16能建立起第一外片托架5进而转子3往驱动毂20进而变速器的所配属的传动级的传递力矩的连接,从而能够传递转子3的旋转用于电驱动,但同样也能够将经由内燃机驱动的驱动毂9的旋转由此提供给变速器。
最后,设有通常称为K2离合器的第三部分离合器21,其同样包括多个设计成钢片形式的第三外片22和多个作用于这些外片之间的设计成摩擦片形式的第三内片23。在此,第三外片22也以能轴向运动的方式布置在共同的第一外片托架5上,而第三内片23则以能轴向运动的方式布置在第三内片托架24上,所述第三内片托架与设计成空心轴的第二驱动轴25抗相对转动地连接,通过该第二驱动轴25能联接变速器的第二级组的传动级。
两个部分离合器16和21也能以它们由第二外片17和第二内片18以及第三外片22、第三内片23形成的各自的片组来断开和接合,为此又设有相应的操纵机构。第二部分离合器16同样能够通过第一操纵装置11来操纵。为此设有另一个圆柱形的压力室26,在该压力室内同样能建立起足够的压力,从而能使圆柱形的活塞27轴向移动。在此形式也为压力罐的操纵元件29经由滚动轴承28布置在所述活塞上并能轴向运动。这个操纵元件27如图中所示那样穿过第一部分离合器4的第一外片6并且挤压到第二部分离合器16的左侧的第二外片17上,从而该第一外片能够朝着支座30挤压到一起。由此接合第二部分离合器16。在卸压时该第二部分离合器又断开。
为了操纵第三部分离合器21,设有第二操纵装置31,该第二操纵装置同样包括圆柱形的压力室32,能运动的圆柱形的活塞33布置在该压力室中,形式为压力罐的另一个操纵元件35通过滚动轴承34与该活塞联接。所述另一个操纵元件作用在第三部分离合器21的右侧外置的外片22上,从而所述右侧外置的外片能轴向地朝着支座30挤压到一起。在卸压时在此也发生第三部分离合器21的拉开。
所述第二操纵装置31也构造成形式为CSC的液压的操纵装置。也就是说,对全部三个部分离合器4、16、21的操纵经由各自的CSC液压地进行。
转子3和与该转子在此共同使用的第一外片托架5经由两个轴向侧设置的托架36、37转动支承。这两个托架36、37径向向内地延伸。转动支承经由各一个滚动轴承38、39来实现。按照本发明,这两个滚动轴承38、39坐落在各自的第一或第二操纵装置11、31的各自的壳体40、41上。
图2和3分别示出了图1的离合器装置1的带有相应的轴承区域的截段。
如图2所示出的那样,在第一操纵装置11的壳体40上构造有轴承座42,第一滚动轴承38的外圈43容纳在该轴承座中并且通过挡圈44和处在另一侧的止挡45来固定。托架36与外圈46连接,为此,这个外圈贴靠在止挡47上并且另一方面通过挡圈48轴向固定。因此托架36在此转动支承在壳体40的外侧上。
图3中所示出的托架37的支承的设计方案则不同。参看图3,此外由用于将第三部分离合器21的片组挤压到一起的操纵元件35在相应的穿通部中穿过的托架37弯折地设计,使得该托架延伸到第二操纵装置31的壳体41之下的区域中。在壳体41的内侧上构造有相应的轴承座49,该轴承座带有止挡50,滚动轴承39的外圈51贴靠到该止挡上。在另一侧设有挡圈52,该挡圈轴向地固定外圈51。
托架37本身嵌入到滚动轴承39的内圈53中。内圈53贴靠在托架37的止挡54上并且该内圈轴向通过挡圈55固定。因此,在壳体内侧实现了转子方位。
两个操纵装置,即两个CSC,在此均具有双重功能。它们一方面作为执行器用以驱控各个部分离合器。另一方面,它们的两个壳体同时用作针对转子支承部的容纳部。因为CSC壳体40、41从径向观察相对靠近内部地安置,所以出于这个原因能够减小滚动轴承38、39的直径,此外不需要另外的壳体支撑部用作支承容纳部。此外,通过将CSC壳体加工为轮廓线逻辑件(Konturzuglogik)而确保了轴承具有尽可能最小的同轴偏差。因此得到了极小的不平衡度。
附图标记列表
1 离合器装置
2 电动机
3 转子
4 部分离合器
5 外片托架
6 第一外片
7 第一内片托架
8 第一内片
9 驱动毂
10 支座
11 操纵装置
12 压力室
13 缸
14 滚动轴承
15 操纵元件
16 部分离合器
17 第二外片
18 第二内片
19 第二内片托架
20 驱动毂
21 部分离合器
22 第三外片
23 第三内片
24 第三内片托架
25 驱动轴
26 压力室
27 活塞
28 滚动轴承
29 操纵元件
30 支座
31 操纵元件
32 压力室
33 活塞
34 滚动轴承
35 操纵元件
36 托架
37 托架
38 滚动轴承
39 滚动轴承
40 壳体
41 壳体
42 轴承座
43 外圈
44 挡圈
45 止挡
46 外圈
47 止挡
48 挡圈
49 轴承座
50 止挡
51 外圈
52 挡圈
53 内圈
54 止挡
55 挡圈
Claims (10)
1.一种离合器装置,其包括:
第一部分离合器(4),所述第一部分离合器包括与或能与电动机(2)的转子(3)联接的、带有至少两个第一外片(6)的第一外片托架(5)和带有至少一个嵌入到两个第一外片(6)之间的第一内片(8)的第一内片托架(7);以及
至少一个第二部分离合器(16),所述第二部分离合器包括多个设置在所述第一外片托架或者与或能与所述转子(3)联接的第二外片托架上的第二外片(17)以及带有嵌入到所述第二外片(17)之间的第二内片(18)的第二内片托架(19),
其中,第一离合器装置(4)和第二离合器装置(16)布置在所述转子(3)之内,
其特征在于,所述转子(3)至少在一个轴向侧经由托架(36、37)转动支承在用于操纵至少一个离合器装置(4、16、21)的操纵装置(11、31)的壳体(40、41)上。
2.按照权利要求1所述的离合器装置,其特征在于,所述转子(3)也在第二轴向侧上经由第二托架转动支承在第二操纵装置(11、31)的壳体上,经由所述第二操纵装置能操纵至少一个离合器装置(4、16、21)。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的离合器装置,其特征在于,一个或两个壳体(40、41)轴向布置在所述转子(3)之外并且各自的托架(36、37)转动支承在所述转子(3)之外,或者一个或两个壳体(40、41)轴向伸入到所述转子(3)中并且各自的托架(36、37)转动支承在所述转子(3)的内部。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的离合器装置,其特征在于,设有第三部分离合器(21),所述第三部分离合器包括多个设置在所述第一外片托架、所述第二外片托架或者与或能与所述转子(3)联接的第三外片托架上的第三外片(22)和带有嵌入到所述第三外片(22)之间的第三内片(23)的第三内片托架(24),所述第三部分离合器同样布置在所述转子(3)之内。
5.按照权利要求1或2所述的离合器装置,其特征在于,所述每个托架(36、37)经由包括外圈和内圈(45、46、51、53)的滚动轴承(38、39)转动支承在所述壳体(40、41)上并且与所述外圈(46、51)或与所述内圈(45、53)连接。
6.按照权利要求5所述的离合器装置,其特征在于,其中一个托架(36)布置在其中一个滚动轴承(38)的外圈(46)上,所述其中一个滚动轴承以其内圈(46)于外侧安放在第一操纵装置(11)的壳体(40)上,并且另一个托架(37)布置在另一个滚动轴承(39)的内圈(53)上,所述另一个滚动轴承以其外圈(51)于内侧坐落在第二操纵装置(31)的壳体(41)中。
7.按照权利要求4所述的离合器装置,其特征在于,一个或多个托架(36、37)与所述转子(3)也与之连接的所述第一外片托架或所述第二外片托架或必要时所述第三外片托架连接。
8.按照权利要求7所述的离合器装置,其特征在于,所述第一部分离合器的和所述第二部分离合器的以及必要时所述第三部分离合器的外片布置在共同的第一外片托架(5)上,所述转子(3)以及一个或多个托架(36、37)也与所述共同的第一外片托架连接。
9.按照权利要求6所述的离合器装置,其特征在于,第一操纵装置(11)或第二操纵装置(31)用于操纵两个部分离合器(4、16、21)。
10.按照权利要求9所述的离合器装置,其特征在于,所述第一操纵装置(11)用于操纵第一离合器装置(4)和第二离合器装置(16)并且所述第二操纵装置(31)用于操纵第三部分离合器(21)。
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EP3545608B2 (de) | 2023-08-23 |
US10989253B2 (en) | 2021-04-27 |
DE112017005942A5 (de) | 2019-09-05 |
WO2018095474A1 (de) | 2018-05-31 |
KR102515926B1 (ko) | 2023-03-31 |
US20190271362A1 (en) | 2019-09-05 |
DE102016223277A1 (de) | 2018-05-24 |
EP3545608B1 (de) | 2021-03-03 |
CN109983670A (zh) | 2019-07-05 |
EP3545608A1 (de) | 2019-10-02 |
KR20190084059A (ko) | 2019-07-15 |
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