CN102498852B - Molding method for phyllanthus emblica trees - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a molding method for phyllanthus emblica trees and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree culture management. According to the method, 4 to 6-year-growth strong disease-and-pest-free wild phyllanthus emblica fruits are selected for seeding during the rootstock culture; a rootstock is cut off in a position with a distance being 8 to 10cm from the ground and is grafted; when scion sprouts grow to 17 to 20cm and branches are semi-lignified, compound fertilizers and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers are applied; when the height of grafting seedlings reaches 80 to 100cm, topping is carried out; when the height of tree crown is higher than 1.2m, 3 to 4 branches are selected and reserved for each plant to be cultured as primary branches, and the primary braches maintain an angle being 80 to 90 degrees; when the primary branches grow to 1.0 to 1.2m, the topping is carried out, secondary branches with the base part space being 25 to 35cm are selected and reserved, the secondary branches and the primary branches maintain an angle being 50 to 60 degrees, and fruiting trees are trimmed. The method has the advantages that the problems that the internal cavity of the phyllanthus emblica tree plant gradually grows, and the fruit setting rate and the yield are reduced are successfully solved. The acre yield of phyllanthus emblica reaches 332 to 372kg.

Description

A kind of model method of emblic subtree

Technical field

The invention belongs to fruit growing administrative skill field.Be specifically related to a kind ofly mould rationally tree-likely for the emblic subtree, increase as a result area, improve the model method of emblic fruit yield.

Background technology

Emblic ( Phyllanthus emblica L.) be Euphorbiaceae ( Euphorbiaceae) Leafflower ( Phyllanthus) plant, tropical and subtropical zone deciduous tree or shrub.Height of tree growth is rapid in early days for emblic, along with increasing height of tree speedup, the age of tree slows down, but leading thread and the hat width of cloth continue to increase, after entering fruiting period, the power of branching out also dies down with the increase of the age of tree, the young sprout average length also progressively diminishes, and the shoot growth direction is main lateral growth by main upwards growth alteration also.The empty thorax of plant inside increases along with the increase of the age of tree, and resultant layer more and more shifts to the tree crown top, although the height of tree, the hat width of cloth still increase to some extent, its as a result area gradually reduce on the contrary, emblic output is more and more lower.Therefore, for the Changing Pattern that the emblic tree crown is grown, in the different age of tree stage that emblic grows, must take certain measure, adjust the tree body structure of emblic, increase as a result area, to improve the ability of plant.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention be emblic along with the age of tree increases, the empty thorax of plant inside also increases,

Area gradually reduces as a result, causes yield reducation, and a kind of model method of emblic subtree is provided for this reason.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the model method of a kind of emblic subtree provided by the present invention may further comprise the steps:

(1) stock is cultivated

Select to give birth in 4 ~ 6 years healthy and strong again without the wild emblic seedling tree of damage by disease and insect, as the seed collecting elite stand; Gather emblic fruit ripe on the described elite stand autumn, the fruit that gathers removed take out seed after pulp will be planted the nuclear broken shell, with seed dry to moisture collecting 11% below, sow to 2 ~ March of next year, to reach 0.8 ~ 1.0m high when height of seedling, and basic diameter stem reaches and carries out grafting more than the 1cm;

(2) grafting

All can carry out grafting from spring to autumn, adopt the cut-grafting method to carry out grafting, the method is simple, and survival rate is high; During cut-grafting stock is cut off from distance ground 8 ~ 10cm, the equating section, rive from the section center, the degree of depth 6 ~ 8cm, the joint-cutting of stock is inserted in scion, and a strain stock inserts a scion, then uses the plastic strip colligation, the full life in 1 ~ 2 year of axillalry bud is selected in scion, and length is that 8 ~ 10cm and diameter stem are the branch of the improved seeds of 0.8 ~ 1.1cm;

(3) managing after grafting

With garden ground, stock and scion water spray keep ground, garden moistening after the grafting, prevent that the burning sun fringe bar that is exposed to the sun from drying out wiltingly, and grafting checked the situation that survives in 20 days afterwards, in time mended and connect and in time erase the lateral bud that stock is sprouted; When 17 ~ 20cm is grown in the scion rudiment, during the branch semi-lignified, remove the plastic strip of colligation, impose fertilizer, described fertilizer is comprised of composite fertilizer and fused calcium magnesium phosphate, in mass fraction, total nutrient in the described composite fertilizer 〉=45%, N-P ₂O ₅-K ₂O is 15-15-15; P in the described fused calcium magnesium phosphate ₂O ₅〉=20%, MgO 〉=12%, SiO ₂〉=20%; Composite fertilizer 0.3 ~ 0.4kg is used in every strain, and fused calcium magnesium phosphate 0.5 ~ 0.6kg is used in every strain;

(4) the tree-like cultivation of treelet

When grafting height of seedling 80～100cm, pinch; When crown height 1.2m is above, open Zhi Lajiao, whenever select good strains in the field for seed and stay 3 ~ 4 branches to cultivate as Their First Branch, primary branches is fixed on the timber on ground with the rope traction, make to keep about 80 °～90 ° angle between each Their First Branch; When Their First Branch grows to 1.0 ~ 1.2m, pinch, when the secondary branch grows to 60 ~ 70cm, select and remain spacing between the secondary branch base portion at the secondary branch of 25 ~ 35cm, prune all the other secondary branches off, the secondary branch that keeps is fixed on the timber on ground with the rope traction, makes to keep 50 °～60 ° angle between secondary branch and the Their First Branch, treelet draws branch to carry out 2 ~ 3 years;

(5) bearing-age tree is pruned

A. the described secondary branch of step (4) that surpasses 60-80cm is carried out pinching or cutting back;

B. wipe out the damage by disease and insect branch before blooming, slim and frahile branch and the branch that intersects;

C. wipe out damage by disease and insect branch, slim and frahile branch and the branch that intersects after the fruit picking, the cutting back diameter is the branch group of 1.5 ~ 2.0cm, and cutting back branch group amount accounts for tree crown 18～22%, year by year cutting back retraction tree crown by turns.

The described grafting time of step (2): the axillalry bud of scion in spring expand and not sprouting period be best grafting time.

Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:

1. the inventive method is cultivated by the stock of suitable emblic subtree, grafting, and managing after grafting, the tree-like cultivation of treelet, bearing-age tree is pruned the measure of multi-step plastotype, on the one hand, has effectively increased the illuminating area of flowers and fruits branches, takes full advantage of photosynthesis; On the other hand, reduced the empty thorax of plant inside, increase the fruit bearing shoot quantity in the resultant layer, increased as a result area, successfully solved the emblic subtree because the tree body structure is unreasonable, the inner empty thorax of plant is more long larger, and make the problem of fruit-setting rate and the yield reducation of emblic, fruit-setting rate and the output of emblic are significantly increased, and the emblic single fruit weight reaches 5.7 ~ 6.5g, and contrast improves 23.9% ~ 27.4%; The single plant yield of emblic reaches 4.1 ~ 4.6kg, and contrast improves 46.4% ~ 48.4%; The emblic per mu yield reaches 332.1 ~ 372.6kg, and contrast improves 46.4% ~ 48.4%.

The stock height was controlled at about 8cm when 2, the inventive method was by grafting, and by the tree-like cultivation of later stage treelet, thus emblic subtree low body, for pluck fruit, the operation of damage by disease and insect aspect is easier, the time and labour saving has reduced management cost.

3. the inventive method easy operating is practical.

Embodiment

The embodiment of embodiment 1 the inventive method

Implement the place: academy of agricultural sciences, Yunnan Province hot-zone ecological agriculture research institute Hou Shan proving ground

Present embodiment adopts the inventive method to do 3 processing, and three repetitions are established in each processing.

The concrete steps of processing 1 are as follows:

1. stock is cultivated

Select to give birth in 4 years healthy and strong again without the wild emblic seedling tree of damage by disease and insect, as the seed collecting elite stand.Gather the wild emblic fruit of maturation on the elite stand autumn, after fruit gathers, remove and take out seed after pulp will be planted the nuclear broken shell, seed is dried to moisture collect 11%, to next year, sow for namely in February, 2005.After planting to note water management and fertilizing and weeding, make the nursery stock normal growth.Specifically adopt conventional moisture and fertilizing and weeding management by methods: the farmers''s rich water with 1% when seedling grows 4-5 to leaf sprays, and every 20 days once, along with nursery stock grows up, increases fertilizing amount, reduces fertilizer application frequency.When seedling growth after 7 days, in time remove the weeds of growth on every side.To reach 0.8～1.0m high when height of seedling, and basic stem reaches slightly that 1cm is above just can to carry out grafting.

2. grafting

The cut-grafting method is adopted in grafting, and its method is simple, and survival rate is high.The March in spring in 2007, the axillalry bud of scion expands and the equating section is cut off stock in grafting when not sprouting from distance ground 8 ~ 10cm during grafting, rive from the section center, about 6 ~ the 8cm of the degree of depth is the joint-cutting of the scion insertion stock of 8 ~ 10cm with length, and a strain stock inserts a scion, then use the plastic strip colligation tight, stock and fringe bar are closely linked, can in time heal, sprout rapidly.The full life in 1 ~ 2 year of axillalry bud, the branch of the improved seeds of thick 0.8 ~ 1.1cm are selected in scion.The branch of improved seeds refers to: robust growth, and without damage by disease and insect, the branch of life in 1 ~ 2 year on the maternal plant tree crown of continuous stable high yield.

3. managing after grafting

With garden ground, stock and scion water spray keep ground, garden moistening after the grafting, prevent that the burning sun fringe bar that is exposed to the sun from drying out wilting.Seedling grafting will check the situation of surviving after 20 days, promptly mended to connect, and in time erased the lateral bud that stock is sprouted.As the long 17 ~ 20cm of scion rudiment, during the branch semi-lignified, just to remove plastic strip, and impose fertilizer, described fertilizer is comprised of composite fertilizer and fused calcium magnesium phosphate, and composite fertilizer 0.3kg is used in every strain, and fused calcium magnesium phosphate 0.5kg promotes that the fringe blastogenesis is long; Described fertilizer is comprised of composite fertilizer and fused calcium magnesium phosphate, in mass fraction, and total nutrient in the described composite fertilizer 〉=45%, N-P ₂O ₅-K ₂The ratio of O is 15-15-15; P in the described fused calcium magnesium phosphate ₂O ₅〉=20%, MgO 〉=12%, SiO ₂〉=20%; Composite fertilizer 0.3 ~ 0.4kg is used in every strain, and fused calcium magnesium phosphate 0.5 ~ 0.6kg is used in every strain.

4. the tree-like cultivation of treelet

When grafting height of seedling 80～100cm, in time pinch, impel branch, by increasing branch progression, enlarge fast tree crown, when crown height 1.2m is above, open Zhi Lajiao.Whenever selecting good strains in the field for seed, 3～4 branch positions are reasonable, the branch of robust growth is cultivated as Their First Branch.Behind selected Their First Branch, branch is fixed on the timber on ground with the cord traction, make to keep 80 ° ~ 90 ° angle between each Their First Branch, all the other branches remove.When the long 1.0 ~ 1.2m of Their First Branch, pinch, impel the secondary branches of sprouting on the Their First Branch more.When the long 60 ~ 70cm of secondary branch, remove the overstocked secondary branch of growth, make spacing between each secondary branch base portion at 25～35cm.The secondary branch that remains is fixed on the timber on ground with the cord traction, makes to keep 50 ° ~ 60 ° angle between secondary branch and the Their First Branch.Treelet draws branch generally will carry out 2 ~ 3 years, otherwise the major branch branch that pulls open also recovers vertical growth easily.

5. bearing-age tree is pruned

(a) bearing-age tree is pruned and is focused on the upwards outwards passing of control tree crown, and the described secondary branch of step 4 that surpasses 60-80cm is carried out pinching or cutting back;

(b) the front pruning of blooming: wipe out the damage by disease and insect branch, slim and frahile branch intersects branch;

(c) prune after the fruit picking: wipe out damage by disease and insect branch, slim and frahile branch, intersect branch, the cutting back diameter is the branch group of 1.5 ~ 2.0cm, and cutting back branch group amount accounts for tree crown 18～22%, year by year cutting back retraction tree crown by turns.

In the process of growth of above-mentioned emblic subtree, press emblic subtree conventional fertilizer application management method, the emblic subtree is intertilled fertilising, weeding management, pest control method carries out the extermination of disease and insect pest to the emblic subtree routinely.As the annual Spring Festival to autumn, every mu is watered with glyphosate 1.5kg and the weeds cauline leaf is sprayed weeding, annual 2 ~ 3 times afterwards.The emblic root growth is very fast, should be thin fertile diligent fertilising, and fertilizer is take nitrogenous fertilizer as main, compounding application phosphorus potash fertilizer, annual 3 ~ 5 times.Note the control of damage by disease and insect behind the grafting survival, aphid is the primary pest of emblic, occur very general, before control should rest in blooming of early April, 1000 times of liquid of the dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate with 40% or 1000 times of liquid of 25% phosmet missible oil spray.

Process 2 divided by outside the lower operating procedure difference, all the other operating procedures are identical with processing 1, repeat no more.

1. stock is cultivated

Select to give birth in 5 years healthy and strong again without the wild emblic seedling tree of damage by disease and insect, as the seed collecting elite stand.With the emblic seed dry to moisture in 9% collection, to next year, namely in March, 2005 sowing;

2. grafting

Carry out grafting the May in summer in 2007;

3. managing after grafting

Impose fertilizer, composite fertilizer 0.4kg is used in every strain, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 0.6kg.

Process 3 divided by outside the lower operating procedure difference, all the other operating procedures are identical with processing 1, repeat no more.

1. stock is cultivated

Select to give birth in 6 years healthy and strong again without the wild emblic seedling tree of damage by disease and insect, as the seed collecting elite stand.With the emblic seed dry to moisture in 5% collection, to next year, namely in February, 2005 sowing;

2. grafting

Carry out grafting the October in autumn in 2007.

The implementation result of 3 processing of present embodiment sees table 1. for details

The emblic output of 3 processing of table 1. embodiment 1

Embodiment 2

Embodiment 2 is contrasts of embodiment 1

Implement the place: select equally academy of agricultural sciences, Yunnan Province hot-zone ecological agriculture research institute Hou Shan proving ground

Cultivation management method: spring axillalry bud expand and grafting when not sprouting, cutting strunk is stayed side shoot at trunk 1 ~ 1.5m place, selects to graft in respectively the section place that 4 lopwood bars block with 4 emblic scion of embodiment 1 same kind, wait grafting survival after, do not carry out Pruning and rectifying, give free rein to growth.All the other measures are identical with embodiment 1 processing 1.Implementation result sees Table 2.

The emblic output Contrast on effect of table 2. embodiment 1 and embodiment 2

As can be seen from the above embodiments:

(1) enforcement by the inventive method, effectively increased the illuminating area of emblic flowers and fruits branches, take full advantage of photosynthesis, also increase as a result area, successfully solved the emblic subtree because the tree body structure is unreasonable, the inner empty thorax of plant is increasing, and makes the problem of fruit-setting rate and the yield reducation of emblic.

(2) adopt the stock of the inventive method to cultivate, grafting, managing after grafting, the tree-like cultivation of treelet, the technical scheme that bearing-age tree is pruned, the emblic single fruit weight reaches 5.7 ~ 6.5g, and contrast improves 23.9% ~ 27.4%; The single plant yield of emblic reaches 4.1 ~ 4.6kg, and contrast improves 46.4% ~ 48.4%; The emblic per mu yield reaches 332.1 ~ 372.6kg, and contrast improves 46.4% ~ 48.4%.

(3) the inventive method since during grafting the stock height be controlled at about 8cm, by the tree-like cultivation of later stage treelet, thus emblic subtree low body, for pluck fruit, the operation of damage by disease and insect aspect is easier, the time and labour saving reduces management cost.

Claims (2)

1. the model method of an emblic subtree may further comprise the steps:

(1) stock is cultivated

Select to give birth in 4 ~ 6 years healthy and strong again without the wild emblic seedling tree of damage by disease and insect, as the seed collecting elite stand; Gather emblic fruit ripe on the described elite stand autumn, the fruit that gathers removed take out seed after pulp will be planted the nuclear broken shell, with seed dry to moisture collecting 11% below, sow to 2 ~ March of next year, to reach 0.8 ~ 1.0m high when height of seedling, and basic diameter stem reaches and carries out grafting more than the 1cm;

(2) grafting

Adopt the cut-grafting method to carry out grafting from spring to autumn, during cut-grafting stock is cut off from distance ground 8 ~ 10cm, the equating section, rive from the section center, the degree of depth 6 ~ 8cm inserts scion the joint-cutting of stock, one strain stock inserts a scion, then use the plastic strip colligation, the full life in 1 ~ 2 year of axillalry bud is selected in scion, and length is that 8 ~ 10cm and diameter stem are the branch of the improved seeds of 0.8 ~ 1.1cm;

(3) managing after grafting

With garden ground, stock and scion water spray keep ground, garden moistening after the grafting, prevent that the burning sun fringe bar that is exposed to the sun from drying out wiltingly, and grafting checked the situation that survives in 20 days afterwards, in time mended and connect and in time erase the lateral bud that stock is sprouted; When 17 ~ 20cm is grown in the scion rudiment, during the branch semi-lignified, remove the plastic strip of colligation, impose fertilizer, described fertilizer is comprised of composite fertilizer and fused calcium magnesium phosphate, in mass fraction, total nutrient in the described composite fertilizer 〉=45%, N-P ₂O ₅-K ₂O is 15-15-15; P in the described fused calcium magnesium phosphate ₂O ₅〉=20%, MgO 〉=12%, SiO ₂〉=20%; Composite fertilizer 0.3 ~ 0.4kg is used in every strain, and fused calcium magnesium phosphate 0.5 ~ 0.6kg is used in every strain;

(4) the tree-like cultivation of treelet

When grafting height of seedling 80～100cm, pinch; When crown height 1.2m is above, open Zhi Lajiao, whenever select good strains in the field for seed and stay 3 ~ 4 branches to cultivate as Their First Branch, primary branches is fixed on the timber on ground with the rope traction, make between each Their First Branch to keep 80 °～90 °; When growing to 1.0 ~ 1.2m, Their First Branch pinches, when growing to 60 ~ 70cm, selects and remain spacing between the secondary branch base portion in the secondary branch at the secondary branch of 25 ~ 35cm, prune all the other secondary branches off, the secondary branch that keeps is fixed on the timber on ground with the rope traction, make between secondary branch and the Their First Branch to keep 50 °～60 °, treelet draws branch to carry out 2 ~ 3 years;

(5) bearing-age tree is pruned

A. the described secondary branch of step (4) that surpasses 60-80cm is carried out pinching or cutting back;

B. wipe out the damage by disease and insect branch before blooming, slim and frahile branch and the branch that intersects;

C. wipe out damage by disease and insect branch, slim and frahile branch and the branch that intersects after the fruit picking, the cutting back diameter is the branch group of 1.5 ~ 2.0cm, and cutting back branch group amount accounts for tree crown 18～22%, year by year cutting back retraction tree crown by turns.

2. the model method of a kind of emblic subtree according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described grafting time of step (2) expands and does not sprout period at the axillalry bud of scion in spring.