CN103264726A - 并排式全地形车辆 - Google Patents
并排式全地形车辆 Download PDFInfo
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- B60G3/18—Resilient suspensions for a single wheel with two or more pivoted arms, e.g. parallelogram
- B60G3/20—Resilient suspensions for a single wheel with two or more pivoted arms, e.g. parallelogram all arms being rigid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
- B60K17/348—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
- B60N2/005—Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles, e.g. dismountable auxiliary seats
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- B62D21/18—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted characterised by the vehicle type and not provided for in groups B62D21/02 - B62D21/17
- B62D21/183—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted characterised by the vehicle type and not provided for in groups B62D21/02 - B62D21/17 specially adapted for sports vehicles, e.g. race, dune buggies, go-karts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B62K25/00—Axle suspensions
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- B60G2200/144—Independent suspensions with lateral arms with two lateral arms forming a parallelogram
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- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
- B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
- B60G2204/12—Mounting of springs or dampers
- B60G2204/122—Mounting of torsion springs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
- B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
- B60G2204/12—Mounting of springs or dampers
- B60G2204/122—Mounting of torsion springs
- B60G2204/1222—Middle mounts of stabiliser on vehicle body or chassis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
- B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
- B60G2204/12—Mounting of springs or dampers
- B60G2204/122—Mounting of torsion springs
- B60G2204/1224—End mounts of stabiliser on wheel suspension
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
- B60G2300/07—Off-road vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
- B60G2300/13—Small sized city motor vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
- B62M27/00—Propulsion devices for sledges or the like
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有至少一对侧向隔开的座椅表面(18a、18b以及20a、20b)的全地形车辆(10)。更具体地,本发明涉及一种顺应道路的并排式全地形车辆(10)。
Description
本申请是申请人北极星工业有限公司的申请日为2006年12月19日、国家申请号为200680055961.6(国际申请号为PCT/US2006/048306)、发明名称为“并排式全地形车辆”的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有至少一对侧向隔开的座椅表面的并排式全地形车辆。更具体地,本发明涉及一种顺应道路的并排式全地形车辆。
背景技术
一般地,全地形车辆(“ATV”)和多功能车辆(“UV”)用来承载一个或两个乘客以及少量的货物穿越多种地形。由于对全地形车辆的休闲兴趣的增加,专用全地形车辆如用于道路越野、竞技和货运的全地形车辆已经进入市场。大多数全地形车辆包括用于供多达两个乘客的座椅,这两个乘客并排坐,或者是乘客坐在全地形车辆的驾驶员后面。驾驶员和乘客并排坐在侧向隔开的座椅上的并排式全地形车辆已经很受欢迎,因为其具有让乘客能够分享到驾驶员的视野以及驾乘体验的性能,而不是坐在驾驶员后面。由于这种并排式的座椅布置,大多数并排式全地形车辆的宽度为至少54英寸(137厘米)。数量不断增加的全地形车辆驾驶者享受在包括国家公园和国家森林的公有土地上的休闲式道路越野。这种公有土地上的大多数道路具有强制的最大宽度要求,以限制对环境的破坏。例如,大多数公园已经建立了约为50英寸的最大道路宽度,这使得大多数并排式全地形车辆在道路上的使用变得不可接受或不能实现。
发明内容
根据本公开的说明性实施方式,示出了一种全地形车辆,该全地形车辆包括车架、由车架支撑的发动机以及由车架支撑的变速器。一对前轮和一对后***作性地联接于车架。一对侧向隔开的座椅表面由车架支撑。车辆的一对最靠外的侧向点限定了小于54英寸的车辆宽度。
根据本公开的另一个说明性实施方式,示出了一种全地形车辆,该全地形车辆包括车架、由车架支撑的发动机以及由车架支撑的变速器。一对前轮和一对后***作性地联接于车架。一对侧向隔开的座椅表面由车架支撑。车辆的一对最靠外的侧向点限定了顺应道路的车辆宽度。
根据本公开的另一个说明性实施方式,一种全地形车辆包括车架和由车架支撑的一对侧向隔开的座椅表面。该全地形车辆还包括一对前轮和与所述一对前轮隔开轴距距离的一对后轮。所述一对前轮和所述一对后轮适于将车架支撑在路面上方。侧向隔开的座椅表面支撑在路面上方座椅高度距离处。该全地形车辆限定出至少为6.0比1的轴距距离与座椅高度距离的比。
通过结合附图参照下面对本发明实施方式的描述,本发明的上述和其他特征以及获得这些特征的方式将变得显而易见,并且本发明本身将会得到更好的理解。
附图说明
图1是并排式全地形车辆的一个实施方式的立体图;
图2是图1所示的并排式全地形车辆的轮廓图;
图3是图1和图2所示的全地形车辆的前视图;
图4是图1至图3所示的并排式全地形车辆的俯视平面图;
图5是图1至图4所示的并排式全地形车辆的驾驶室区域的局部立体图;
图6是图5所示的驾驶室区域的局部轮廓图;
图7是可在诸如图1所示的并排式全地形车辆的并排式全地形车辆上使用的保护杆的一个实施方式的局部立体图;
图8是可在诸如图1所示的并排式全地形车辆的并排式全地形车辆上使用的防护导轨的另一个实施方式;
图9是图1至图4所示的并排式全地形车辆的仰视平面图;
图10是图1至图4所示的全地形车辆的前端的部分分解的立体图;
图11是与图10相似的部分分解的立体图,示出了罩安装情况的细节;
图12是横截面图,示出罩从前部面板部分拆下后的罩安装情况;
图13是与图12类似的横截面图,其中罩联接于前部面板;
图14是图1至图4所示的并排式全地形车辆的车架和模块化发动机组件的后视立体图;
图15是图14所示的车架和模块化发动机组件的部分分解的后视立体图;
图16是可在诸如图1至图4所示的并排式全地形车辆的全地形车辆上使用的发动机安装组件的一个实施方式的分解立体图;
图17是可在诸如图1至图4所示的并排式全地形车辆的全地形车辆上使用的发动机安装组件的另一个实施方式的分解立体图;
图18是可在诸如图1至图4所示的并排式全地形车辆的全地形车辆上使用的发动机安装组件的又一个实施方式的分解立体图;
图19是图1至图4所示的并排式全地形车辆的动力传动***部件的底侧的局部前视立体图;
图20是图1至图4所示的并排式全地形车辆的车架和后悬架***的部件的局部分解后视图;
图21是图20所示的车架和悬架***的后视图;
图22是可在诸如图1至图4所示的并排式全地形车辆的全地形车辆上使用的转向机构和前轴组件的局部后视立体图;
图23是图22所示的全地形车辆的转向机构和前轴组件的局部前视立体图;
图24是可在诸如图1至图4所示的并排式全地形车辆的全地形车辆上使用的制动组件的一个实施方式的局部立体图;
图25是图1至图4所示的并排式全地形车辆的发动机和离合器冷却部件的正视后视立体图;
图26是图25所示的发动机和离合器冷却部件的局部后视图;
图27是图1至图4所示的并排式全地形车辆的驾驶员侧搁脚区域的局部立体图;
图28是可在诸如图1至图4所示的并排式全地形车辆的全地形车辆上使用的转向组件的局部分解图;
图29是图28的转向组件的侧视正视图,示出了处于多个倾斜位置的转向盘;以及
图30是可在诸如图1至图4所示的并排式全地形车辆的全地形车辆上使用的可调抓杆的局部立体图。
在这些附图中,相应的附图标记指代相应的部分。尽管附图代表了本发明的实施方式,但是这些图并不一定是按比例绘制的,为了更好地图示和说明本发明,某些特征可能被放大了。
具体实施方式
下面公开的实施方式并不意在穷举或将本发明限制于下面的详细描述中所公开的精确形式。相反,选择和描述实施方式以使本领域其他技术人员可使用其教导。例如,尽管下面的描述主要是针对ATV而言,但这里所描述的某些特征可用到其它应用,如多功能车辆、雪上汽车、摩托车、机动脚踏两用车等。
首先参照图1,示出了并排式全地形车辆10的一个说明性实施方式。全地形车辆10包括前端12、后端14和车架15,车架15由一对前轮胎22a和前轮24a以及一对后轮胎22b和后轮24b支撑在地面上方。全地形车辆10分别包括一对侧向隔开的上座椅表面18a、18b和一对侧向隔开的下座椅表面20a、20b。上座椅表面18a、18b构造成支撑就座的驾驶者的背部,而下座椅表面20a、20b构造成支撑就座的驾驶者的臀部。在该说明性实施方式中,上座椅表面18a、18b和下座椅表面20a、20b形成桶式座椅装置,然而也可使用凳式座椅或任何其他形式的座椅结构。上座椅表面18和下座椅表面20安置在全地形车辆10的驾驶室17内。
保护罩16在驾驶室17上延伸,以帮助防止全地形车辆10的乘客被穿过的树枝或侧枝伤害,并且还可在车辆翻滚的情况下起到支撑的作用。如图1至图4所示,保护罩16随着其向上延伸而变窄,以允许驾驶员和乘客更容易地进入和离开驾驶室17。另外,在一些实施方式中,可将包括顶部、挡风玻璃和门(未示出)中的一个或多个的盖附接于保护罩16,以阻挡天气因素,如风、雨或雪。驾驶室17还包括前部控制台31、可调转向盘28和换挡杆29。前部控制台31可包括转速表、里程表或其它任何合适的仪器。全地形车辆10的前端12包括前部面板67、罩32和前悬架组件26。前悬架组件26将前轮24以可枢转的方式联接于全地形车辆10。全地形车辆10的后端14包括发动机盖19,发动机盖19在如图2、14和15所示的模块化发动机组件34上延伸。模块化发动机组件34说明性地完全安置在上座椅表面18a、18b和下座椅表面20a、20b后方。
如图2所示,前轮24由前轴36支撑用于转动。类似地,后轮24b由后轴38支撑用于转动。在图2所示的说明性实施方式中,在前轴36的中心和后轴38的中心之间延伸的轴距A等于大约77英寸(195.6厘米)。座椅高度B等于当全地形车辆10停止时下座椅表面20的低点21与车架15的底部之间的距离。在该说明性实施方式中,座椅高度B等于大约11.75英寸(29.8厘米)。在该说明性实施方式中,轴距与座椅高度之比,或距离A与距离B之比,约为6.55比1。在未示出的其它实施方式中,轴距与座椅高度之比可以等于其他适当的比值,然而本发明构想的是具有大于大约6.0比1的轴距与座椅高度比的全地形车辆。大于大约6.0比1的轴距与座椅高度比有助于车辆的重心相对较低,并进一步提供改进的功效因素、操纵性能和空间利用。
现在参照图3和图4,示出了全地形车辆10的前视图和俯视平面图。在该说明性实施方式中,定义为全地形车辆10的总体宽度的宽度C在全地形车辆10的最靠外的侧向点之间延伸。在该说明性实施方式中,全地形车辆10的前端和后端上的轮胎22的外表面限定最靠外的点。在其他实施方式中,宽度C可从前部面板67的外防护板测得。可以理解,如果由轮胎22的外表面和前部面板67的防护板各自限定的尺寸基本相等,则两者均可限定宽度C。在说明性实施方式中,宽度C为大约50英寸。在其他实施方式中,全地形车辆10可构建成其他的适当宽度,然而本发明构想的是具有顺应道路的宽度或小于大约54英寸的宽度的全地形车辆。
现在参照图5,示出了全地形车辆10的驾驶室17的局部视图。下座椅表面20联接于全地形车辆10的基部41。搁脚区域40在基部41下方延伸,并围住每个乘客的脚和小腿部分。搁脚区域40包括地板42和全地形车辆10每侧上的侧板46。地板42包括安置成允许流体流出地板42的孔44。侧板46在全地形车辆10每侧上从地板42向上延伸。在该说明性实施方式中,侧板46从地板42向上延伸大约4英寸(10.2厘米),然而侧板46可构建为任何适当的高度。侧板46和搁脚区域40防止当全地形车辆10运动时,例如当穿越崎岖的地形时,全地形车辆10的驾驶员和乘客的脚和小腿部分移出到驾驶室17外。在其它实施方式(未示出)中,侧板46可移除,以允许更容易地进入和离开全地形车辆10的驾驶室17。
现在参照图7,示出了并排式全地形车辆48的说明性实施方式。全地形车辆48包括驾驶员侧的座椅49、侧板52和发动机盖54。管56从发动机盖54向上延伸,以形成保护罩16。座椅防护件50联接在发动机盖54和侧板52之间,以防止坐在座椅49上的乘客在剧烈的行驶过程中侧向滑出座椅49。另外,座椅防护件50可提供不会受到经过的外部障碍物的损害。在全地形车辆48的乘客侧也可包含座椅防护件50。
现在参照图8,示出了包括附加的安全杆58的全地形车辆48的另一说明性实施方式。在该实施方式中,安全杆58联接在管56和座椅防护件50之间,以进一步将乘客包围在全地形车辆48的驾驶室区域中。另外,当进入或离开全地形车辆48时,安全杆58可用作扶手。另外,在座椅防护件50、安全杆58、管56以及侧板52中的一个或多个之间还可布置面板或限制构件,如网状构件,以进一步限制驾驶员或乘客的附件在剧烈的行进中离开车辆。
现在参照图9,示出了全地形车辆10的说明性仰视平面图。为了简化起见,已经移除了地板和底侧屏蔽件。在该实施方式中,全地形车辆10的驾驶员侧65示出在图9的上部中,而乘客侧63示出在图9的下部中。纵向轴线66将驾驶员侧65与乘客侧63分开,并限定出全地形车辆10的纵向中心线。在该实施方式中,各种相对较重的部件竖向安置在车架15附近,以降低车辆的重心,从而改善平衡和稳定性。例如,燃料箱62安置在全地形车辆10的乘客侧63的下座椅表面20b下方。燃料箱62由车架15支撑。如图所示,燃料箱62为L形,然而任何适当形状的燃料箱都是可以使用的。将燃料箱62安置在乘客侧63改善了仅有驾驶员在全地形车辆10的驾驶员侧65时全地形车辆10的平衡。电池64安置在全地形车辆10的驾驶员侧65的下座椅表面20a下方。在该实施方式中,电池64安置在全地形车辆10上轴线66附近并且相对较低,从而改善平衡。将电池64安置在座椅表面20a附近还允许更容易地进行维护,并能够缩短到发动机组件34的管线布置。
现在参照图10至13,更详细地示出了全地形车辆10的前端12。前端12包括罩32,罩32可以以可拆卸的方式联接于前部面板67。如图所示,罩安装组件包括以可拆卸的方式接收在圆筒形扣环97内的一对柱塞或栓钉95。柱塞95固定在罩32的后拐角附近,而扣环97则在存储区域68的后拐角附近固定于前部面板67。在该实施方式中,柱塞95和扣环97说明性性地分别由钢和弹性材料(如人造橡胶)形成,然而任何合适的材料都是可以使用的。罩32的前部包括多个凸缘99a,所述凸缘99a构造成与形成在前部面板67内的唇缘99b相协作,从而限定出可松开的铰链。
在该说明性实施方式中,存储区域68和检修面板61安置在罩32下方。存储区域68可接收工具箱、货物网袋或任何其他合适的用于全地形车辆10的车辆附件。检修面板61可包括任何合适的发动机或车辆维护端口或终端,如散热器填充盖、电池充电终端、注油塞或传送装置填充塞。
现在参照图14,示出了如图1所示全地形车辆10的并排式全地形车辆的车架15的一个说明性实施方式。车架15包括内部导轨72、前部横向构件71、中部横向构件73以及后部横向构件77。车架15还包括限定车架15的最靠外的宽度的外管70。后部组件92联接于上车架导轨90和横向构件77,并将在下面进行详细描述。车架15的位于中部横向构件73和后部横向构件77之间的部分支撑全地形车辆10的模块化发动机组件34。在该实施方式中,在安装在车架15中之前,模块化发动机组件34可包括变速器136,如连续可变变速器,和后差速器132,如图15所示。
参照图14和图15,车架15的内部导轨72在前端通过横向构件71联接在一起,并在后端通过后部横向构件77联接在一起。托架76在全地形车辆10的每侧将上车架管88、上车架导轨90、竖管74和外管70联接在一起。外管70通过托架69联接于内部导轨72。竖管74在下端联接于内部导轨72。上车架管88联接于支撑管83,支撑管83在下端联接于内部导轨72。上车架导轨90在后端联接于横向管91。
如图15所示,模块化发动机组件34可在安装在车架15中之前预先装配。在构建车架15的过程中,将上支架78附接于车架15,以在焊接过程中提供空间稳定性。在安装模块化发动机组件34的过程中,将上支架78从车架15中拆下,并将模块化发动机组件34布置在车架15上。然后将上支架78重新附接到车架15上。更具体地,如图14所示,在将模块化发动机组件34安置在车架15中的上车架导轨90之间后,便可安装上支架78。
上支架78包括外托架86、后托架84、横向构件80和斜构件82。斜构件82通过托架84在一端联接在一起,并通过横向构件80在相对端联接在一起。每个托架86都大致为U形且包括孔85。U形托架86适于与上车架管88重叠。托架86中的孔85和上车架管88中的孔87对准并接收紧固件以将上支架78固定于上车架管88。托架84包括与横向管91中的孔89对准的孔81,并可利用任何适当的紧固件固定。
在该实施方式中,模块化发动机组件34利用三位安装***安装在全地形车辆10的车架15上,以允许将模块化发动机组件34放到车架15中,并作为一个单元螺栓连接或附接。在图16至图18中示出了三个安装组件中每一个的说明性实施方式。现在参照图16,示出了安置在模块化发动机组件34的驾驶员侧和车架15上的安装***94。在将模块化发动机组件34安装在车架15中之前,将托架96安装于模块化发动机组件34。下托架102联接于车架15的导轨75并容纳安装板100。安装板100通过紧固件104联接于托架102。
在将模块化发动机组件34安装到车架15中的过程中,将托架96与安装板100对准,将紧固件98安置在托架96中的孔中和安装板100的孔101中,以将托架96和模块化发动机组件34固定于车架15。类似地,如图18所示,将安装组件120安置在模块化发动机组件34的乘客侧和车架15上。托架128联接于车架15。安装板126通过紧固件130联接于托架128。支架122联接于模块化发动机组件34的乘客侧,并安置成使得当将模块化发动机组件34安装在车架15中时,托架122中的孔与安装板126的中央孔127对准。紧固件124延伸穿过托架122中的孔和安装板126中的孔127,以将模块化发动机组件34固定于车架15。
模块化发动机组件34还通过图14和图17所示的第三安装组件安装于车架15。安装组件106包括托架108、侧板116和安装板114。支架108联接于后组件92的托架93。托架108包括竖向延伸的板110并通过将紧固件(未示出)延伸穿过孔109而联接于托架93。侧板116联接于发动机组件34的后差速器132。安装板114通过紧固件118联接在侧板116之间。在将模块化发动机组件34安装到车架15中的过程中,托架108的竖向延伸板110安置在安装板114的各侧上。然后将紧固件112安置穿过竖向延伸板110中的孔和安装板114的孔115,以将模块化发动机组件34固定在车架15中。
现在参照图19,示出了全地形车辆10的传动***部件的局部前向底侧立体图。模块化发动机组件34包括发动机133、变速器136和后差速器132。在该实施方式中,发动机133的曲轴(未示出)与全地形车辆10的前后方向平行,并提供全地形车辆10的较窄的车辆总体宽度和改善的重心。在该实施方式中,发动机133是产生大约50马力的760cc发动机。发动机133产生极好的加速特性和响应特性。全地形车辆10重约950磅(430.9千克),并具有大约0.053/1的功率/重量比(马力/磅)。在全地形车辆10中可使用任何合适的发动机,且全地形车辆10可构建为具有任何适当的重量,然而本发明构想的是具有至少0.045/1的功率/重量比(马力/磅)的全地形车辆。
模块化发动机组件34的后差速器132通过壳体148直接联接于变速器136,以保持中心距并能够容易地组装。在该说明性实施方式中,后差速器132是可锁定的电子后差速器,然而任何合适的后差速器或后轴都是可以使用的。输出轴138从变速器136向全地形车辆10的前部延伸,并旋转以给全地形车辆10的前轮24a提供动力。在该实施方式中,全地形车辆具有带可切换的反向驱动的随选全轮驱动,然而任何合适的动力传动***如两轮驱动或四轮驱动都可使用。
如图19所示,输出轴138在保护面板134下方延伸。保护面板134安置在上座椅表面18a、18b和下座椅表面20a、20b下方,并保护全地形车辆10中的乘客不被模块化发动机组件34的移动部件伤害,并且有助于屏蔽噪声。输出轴138的延伸端包括适于与联接器142的内周接合的花键部分140。联接器142联接于万向节144。万向节144将联接器142连接于给全地形车辆10的前轮提供动力的前驱动轴146。联接器142可在输出轴138的花键部分140上沿前后方向移动,同时保持与花键部分140接合。在剧烈的行驶过程中,前驱动轮146可在前后方向上移动,使得联接器142在输出轴138的花键部分140上沿纵向滑动,同时前驱动轴146保持与输出轴138旋转地联接。
现在参照图20和图21,示出了全地形车辆10的后悬架的部件。后车架组件92由斜管105、竖管107、后托架160、前托架162、下管180以及横管182和184形成。斜管105联接于上车架导轨90并向后延伸。下管180在一端联接于后横向构件77。下管180的相对端通过横管182联接在一起。横管182支撑栓164,栓164可用来联接于拖车或其它用于在全地形车辆10后面拖曳的设备。斜管105的下端通过横管184联接在一起。前托架162和后托架160在下管180和斜管105之间延伸。竖管107从上车架导轨90向下延伸并联接于下管105。每个斜管105均包括托架186。类似地,每个竖管107均包括托架176。
后轮24b包括内毂组件25。上控制臂172和下控制臂170的下端联接于后轮24b的内毂组件25。缓冲器168的下端同样联接于内毂组件25。上控制臂172和下控制臂170的上端以可枢转的方式联接于在全地形车辆10的每侧上的前托架162和后托架160。缓冲器168的上端178联接于竖管107上的托架176。稳定器或扭杆174通过杆171联接于内毂组件25。更具体地,杆171具有连接于扭杆174的相对端的上端和连接于下控制臂170的下端。扭杆174联接于斜管105上的托架186,并提供后轮24b的下控制臂170之间的扭转横向连接。
后轮24b可以以独立的方式沿着上控制臂172和下控制臂170限定的路径竖向移动。例如,当全地形车辆10遇到崎岖的地形时,后轮24b可上下移动,以保持与地面接触。通过将联接于缓冲器168的托架176安置在车架15的竖管107上,当后轮24b向上运动时产生的负载路径通过车架15的竖向定位的车架构件(竖管107)被转换。另外,扭杆174通过相应的控制臂170提供后轮24b的独立悬架之间的相互作用。如本领域公知的,在转弯过程中,扭杆174通过将偏转传递到内后轮24b,而阻止由离心力引起的的外后轮24b的偏转。这些元件可提高全地形车辆10的行驶和操纵特性。
现在参照图22至图24,示出了包括右前制动器组件199在内的前悬架的部件。前车架组件203包括联接于上横向构件205的前管204。后管207安置在前管204后面并联接于斜支架209和横向构件71(图14)。上托架211由前管204和支架209支撑,而下托架213由下管215支撑。上控制臂210和下控制臂212的下端联接于轮24a的内毂25。转向臂(通常称为转向杆)208的下端和缓冲器217同样联接于轮24a的内毂。上控制臂210和下控制臂212的上端以可枢转的方式在全地形车辆10的每侧上联接于下托架。缓冲器217的上端以可枢转的方式联接于在后管207之间延伸的托架223。控制臂210、212以及缓冲器217协同起来以限定用于右前轮和左前轮24a的独立前悬架。更具体地,前轮24a可以以独立的方式沿上控制臂210和下控制臂212限定的路径竖向地移动。
进一步参照图22和图23,稳定器或扭杆214联接于前管。连杆或杆219a和219b说明性地分别通过左夹持件225a、左力矩杆221a以及右夹持件225b、右力矩杆221b操作性地联接于扭杆214的相对左端和右端。杆219通过上控制臂210联接于右前轮和左前轮24a的内毂组件25。在使用中,当车辆行驶期间有力施加在右前轮和左前轮24a中的一个上时,前悬架可将相应的力传递到右前轮和左前轮24a中的另一个上。例如,当由于碰撞或转弯而有向上的力施加到左前轮24a上时,相应的上控制臂210和下控制臂212可相对于全地形车辆10向上移动。这种向上移动可向上推压相应的杆219a,这可导致左力矩杆221a的相应端向上移动。左力矩杆221a可用作杠杆,在扭杆214的左端上施加力矩。
扭杆214可包括力矩传递调节器(未示出),该力矩传递调节器确定由左力矩杆221a(或右力矩杆221b)所施加的力矩中有多少被传递到右力矩杆221b(或左力矩杆221a)。夹持件225a和225b可沿着力矩杆221a和221b重新安置或移动,以改变悬挂效果。在当前的示例中,左力矩杆221a的向上运动可引起右力矩杆221b的向上运动,从而向上推压右杆219b和所连接的控制臂210和212。右控制臂210和212的向上运动可施加向上的力在右前轮24a上。因此,前悬架可将行驶路面施加在左前轮24a上的向上的力的一部分施加在右前轮24a上。尽管当前的示例涉及的是行驶路面施加在左前轮24a上的力,但当行驶路面施加力在右前轮24a上时,前悬架可以以相似的方式操作。在2006年1月26日提交的序列号为11/340,301的美国专利申请中公开了一种说明性实施方式的扭杆,这里通过引用的方式将该专利申请明确地并入。
为了简化起见,在图22和图23中仅仅示出了右前制动器组件199,然而相似的制动器组件可用于全地形车辆10的每个车轮24。前制动器组件199联接于车轮24的内毂25。前轴206由内毂组件25支撑。如前面所详细描述的,上控制臂210和下控制臂212以及转向臂208联接于车轮24a的内毂25。转向臂208安置在前轴206的上方和后方,以允许卡钳托架201和卡钳200安置在前轴206的后方或背侧上。控制臂210安置在转向臂208上方,以有助于转向臂208还有卡钳托架201和卡钳200的相对安置。卡钳托架201和制动盘202同样联接于车轮24的内毂25。制动卡钳200联接于卡钳支架201的背部或面朝后的端部。将制动卡钳200放置在卡钳托架201的面朝后的端部上防止了当轮胎22向前或逆时针旋转时,泥土和碎片堆在卡钳200上。将卡钳201放置在制动盘202的面朝前的侧部或端部上可能需要刮片或壳体来防止来自轮胎22的泥土和碎片堆在卡钳200上。
现在参照图25和图26,示出了全地形车辆10的发动机盖19的正视立体图和后视轮廓图。模块化发动机组件34包括发动机冷却介质入口220和离合器冷却介质入口218。入口218和220向上延伸穿过发动机盖19上的开口216,并将冷却空气引导到离合器壳体135和发动机133。离合器壳体135保护适于将动力从发动机133传递到变速器136的离合器机构。入口218和220安置在驾驶员的上座椅表面18和乘客的上座椅表面18之间,以在全地形车辆沿向前方向行使时,收集穿过上座椅表面18a和18b之间的空气。随着全地形车辆10加速,更多的空气穿过上座椅表面18a和18b之间并被入口218和220收集。
现在参照图27,示出了全地形车辆10的驾驶室17的驾驶员侧的局部立体图。如上所述,驾驶室17包括上座椅表面18、下座椅表面20、转向盘28和前部控制台31。在该说明性实施方式中,加速踏板226和制动踏板224安置在驾驶室17的搁脚区域40中。
现在参照图28,示出了可在诸如全地形车辆10的全地形车辆上使用的转向组件的分解图。在该说明性实施方式中,转向盘28可通过绕枢转轴线227枢转而倾斜,如图29所示。说明性地,转向盘28可以在预定的运动角度范围α内无限地调节,即,以连续的方式调节。在该说明性实施方式中,α限定为大约42度。在另一个说明性实施方式中,转向盘28可在沿着纵向轴线228的方向上可伸缩地调整。
转向盘28联接于延伸穿过倾斜托架30的杆234。杆234连接于将转向盘28和杆234的旋转传递到万向节244的联接器242。万向节244联接于转向轴246的上端。转向轴246的下端联接于万向节248,万向节248将转向轴246的旋转传递到前齿轮箱组件247和转向臂208(图22)以使前轮24转弯。倾斜托架30通过限定出枢转轴线227的紧固件组件235以可枢转的方式联接于托架250。紧固件组件235可包括传统的螺栓235a、垫圈235b以及螺母235c。托架250包括下臂232。调节装置230的下端或安装部240联接于托架250的臂232。调节装置230的上端或安装部238联接于倾斜托架30的凸片236。当转向盘28向上倾斜时,调节装置230延伸且倾斜托架30向上转动。相反地,当转向盘28向下倾斜时,调整装置230回缩且倾斜托架30向下旋转。
在该说明性实施方式中,调节装置230包括具有筒体252和可动活塞杆254的气弹簧。杠杆256操作性地联接于活塞杆254并构造成选择性地阻挡筒体252内的流体流。在操作中,当杠杆256阻挡流体流时,杠杆256处于停止位置,并将杆254因此还有转向盘28锁定在适当的位置。杠杆256的致动允许流体在筒体252内流动,并因此允许杆254和转向盘28的调整。在一个说明性实施方式中,调节装置230包括可从Stabilus获得的气弹簧。
现在参照图30,示出了用于坐在全地形车辆10中的乘客的可调抓杆。同样在图22和图23中示出的可调抓杆190安置在全地形车辆10的前防撞板195中,并向后朝坐在驾驶室17中的乘客延伸。可调抓杆190包括手柄部分192、管193和194以及锁定机构196。乘客可以伸缩性地调节手柄部分192的位置。管193可延伸出管194和缩回到管194内,以允许乘客在进入或离开全地形车辆10的驾驶室17的过程中调节手柄部分192的位置。锁定机构196将管193和手柄部分192固定在期望的位置。
尽管本发明已经描述成具有示例性设计,但本发明可在本公开的精神和范围内进一步改型。因此本申请意在覆盖利用本发明基本原理的任何变型、使用或改型。另外,本申请意在覆盖偏离本公开但落在本发明所属领域的已知或常见实践内的情况。
Claims (20)
1.一种全地形车辆,包括:
车架(15)和由所述车架(15)支撑的一对侧向隔开的座椅(18a、18b),所述一对侧向隔开的座椅(18a、18b)包括驾驶员座椅和乘客座椅;
由所述车架(15)支撑的发动机(133),所述发动机(133)沿纵向安置在所述一对侧向隔开的座椅后方;
联接于所述发动机的变速器(136);
所述全地形车辆的特征在于,所述座椅后方的车架包括下后车架部和上后车架部,所述下后车架部至少部分地在所述发动机和所述变速器下方延伸,所述上后车架部至少部分地在所述发动机和所述变速器上方延伸,并且所述上后车架部的至少一部分能够拆卸,以将所述发动机安装在所述一对侧向隔开的座椅后方。
2.如权利要求1所述的全地形车辆,其中,所述上后车架部包括上车架外部和上车架内部。
3.如权利要求2所述的全地形车辆,其中,所述上车架外部是所述车架的固定部,所述内部能够容易地拆卸。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的全地形车辆,其中,可拆卸的所述内部是可拆卸的上支架(78)的形式。
5.如权利要求3或4所述的全地形车辆,其中,所述上车架外部限定出平面,所述上车架内部限定出平面,并且当组装时,所述外部限定的平面和所述内部限定的平面是共面的。
6.如权利要求5所述的全地形车辆,其中,所述内部包括能够附接于所述上车架外部的横向构件(80)。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的全地形车辆,其中,所述内部包括两个支架构件(82、82),所述两个支架构件(82、82)交叉,使得在所述座椅附近,第一构件位于第二构件的右边,而在车辆的最后部附近,所述第一构件位于所述第二构件的左边。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的全地形车辆,其中,在所述上车架的后部附近,所述上车架外部比所述上车架的靠近中间车架部的一部分窄。
9.如权利要求8所述的全地形车辆,其中,在所述上车架的后部附近,所述上车架内部比所述上车架的靠近所述中间车架部的一部分窄。
10.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的全地形车辆,其中,所述上车架内部和所述上车架外部限定所述上车架内部和所述上车架外部之间的可拆卸联接的三个点。
11.如权利要求10所述的全地形车辆,其中,所述上车架内部的前端限定与所述上车架外部的可拆卸联接的两个点(86、86),并且所述上车架内部的后端限定与所述上车架外部的可拆卸联接的一个点(84),所述后端处的可拆卸联接的点在侧向上定位在所述前端处的可拆卸联接的两个点之间。
12.如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的全地形车辆,其中,所述上车架外部限定有尺寸设定为容纳所述发动机穿过的开口。
13.如权利要求12所述的全地形车辆,其中,所述上车架内部容纳在所述开口内并且联接于所述上车架外部,使得所述发动机穿过孔的通过被阻挡。
14.如权利要求1至13中任一项所述的全地形车辆,还包括由所述车架(15)支撑的外部本体面板。
15.如权利要求1至14中任一项所述的全地形车辆,还包括由所述上后车架部支撑的发动机盖(54)。
16.一种组装全地形车辆的方法,包括以下步骤:
a.提供车架,所述车架包括前车架部、中间车架部和后车架部,所述后车架部包括下后车架部和上后车架部,其中所述上后车架部的至少一部分能够拆卸以提供所述后车架部的敞开的上表面;
b.提供包括由所述中间车架部支撑的乘客座椅和驾驶员座椅的一对侧向隔开的座椅(18a、18b);
c.提供发动机(133)并将所述发动机安装在所述一对侧向隔开的座椅后方并且穿过所述车架的敞开的上表面,使得所述发动机沿纵向安置在所述一对侧向隔开的座椅后方并由所述下后车架部支撑;
d.将变速器(136)联接于所述发动机;以及
e.重新附接可拆卸部以提供所述发动机上方的封闭的车架。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中,在所述发动机安装到所述车架中之前将所述变速器联接于所述发动机,由此,所述发动机和所述变速器限定子组件(34),并且所述发动机和所述变速器子组件被降低以穿过所述车架的敞开的上表面,并且由所述下后车架部支撑。
18.如权利要求16或17所述的方法,其中,在所述车架的制造期间安装所述可拆卸部,使得车架部件被适当地对准。
19.如权利要求16至18中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述车架部件被焊接在一起,并且将上支架(78)附接于所述车架(15),以在焊接过程中提供空间稳定性。
20.如权利要求16至19中任一项所述的方法,还提供发动机盖,其中所述发动机盖(19)安置在所述发动机上方并且由所述上后车架部支撑。
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2006
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