CN102972253A - Facility high-yield cultivation technology for imping carya illinoensis - Google Patents
Facility high-yield cultivation technology for imping carya illinoensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN102972253A CN102972253A CN2012105524998A CN201210552499A CN102972253A CN 102972253 A CN102972253 A CN 102972253A CN 2012105524998 A CN2012105524998 A CN 2012105524998A CN 201210552499 A CN201210552499 A CN 201210552499A CN 102972253 A CN102972253 A CN 102972253A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a facility high-yield cultivation technology for imping carya illinoensis, and belongs to the field of cultivation methods of fruit trees. The method mainly comprises the following operation steps: firstly selecting a nursery, well constructing a horticultural facility, further performing deep tillage, ditching, sun-drying and sterilization on the nursery of the facility, and well preparing before permanent planting; performing the permanent planting of grafted seedlings of an improved variety with plant-row spacing of 80cm*120cm and headed trunk of 20-30cm at the end of winter and the beginning of spring, and performing high density and low plant height cultivation; and well doing facility cutting orchard management work, including scion stock management, horticultural facility management and management of plant diseases, insect pests and weeds. According to the cultivation method disclosed by the invention, intensive, facility and specialized production of imping of the carya illinoensis can be realized, and the cultivation method further has the advantages of great scion plucking quantity and simplicity in operation.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of facility high-yield cultivation technique of apocarya scion, belong to the fruit growing method.
Background technology
Apocarya [Carya illinoensis (Wangenn.) K.Koch] has another name called pecan, is Juglandaceae hickory deciduous tree.Be world-renowned dry fruit, high-grade woody edible oil material, timber and afforestation dual-purpose seeds, have economic worth and potentiality to be exploited, domestic and international market has a extensive future.
China introduces apocarya from the 19th-century end, and majority is the breeding of growing directly from seeds.Grow directly from seeds and breed solid evening, yield poorly and unstable, the strain difference great disparity has become the one of the main reasons that restricts the apocarya large-scale planting.Adopt the high-quality scion to produce grafting, then can effectively address this problem.
Generally in the production adopt following three kinds and adopt the fringe method, the one, from directly adopting fringe on the elite stand as a result, the 2nd, the unnecessary branch after surely doing from the finished product seedling is adopted fringe, and the 3rd, adopt the fringe seedling from cutting orchard and adopt fringe.It is little that the former adopts the fringe amount, and the output of elite stand is as a result made a big impact, and causes total crop failure when serious.Adopting fringe from the finished product seedling, to adopt the fringe amount equally very little, and affected the growth of seedling, postponed the fruiting period of seedling.The latter compares than the above two, and scion breeding dynamics improves greatly, but at present apocarya cutting orchard construction seldom, and all is open-air cultivation, is subject to the impact of extraneous unsuitable environmental condition.The production of scion is important technical measures in the apocarya cultivation, and a large amount of kind productions pure, the high-quality scion are the important channels of accelerating apocarya improved variety popularization paces, is the strong guarantee that realizes the apocarya large-scale planting; Not only can make grafting keep the characteristic of elite stand improved seeds, and can realize early real high yield.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of facility high-yield cultivation technique of apocarya scion, cutting orchard is built in the horticultural facility, and supporting Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing mode, realize that scion is intensive, facility, specialized production.Adopt culture technique of the present invention, make the fringe number of times of adopting of scion become annual twice (once, August once at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May) by annual (the 7-8 month) under the normal condition.Can produce ten thousand of bud 4.5-6.5 every mu of every year, and output is compared with common scion garden and improved more than 2 times.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention:
A kind of facility high-yield cultivation technique of apocarya scion specifically comprises following link:
1, horticultural facility construction: select sunny, soil layer is deep fertile, soil is faintly acid or alkalescence, and good water source and power supply are arranged, and has a good transport service, horticultural facility is built in location that the labour concentrates.Prolong the seedling growth phase, avoid simultaneously nursery stock affected by bad climate.
2, cutting orchard construction: comprise the preparation of ground, facility garden, the breeding field planting, ground, facility garden management etc., concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) ground, facility garden is prepared: in advance ground, facility garden is cultivated entirely, accomplished that deep ploughing is carefully whole, remove foreign material, and press line-spacing 120cm trench digging.Ditch depth 60cm, wide 90cm is put into one side of ditch, Exposure to Sunlight sterilization with the soil that digs out.
(2) breeding field planting: field planting before the nursery stock bud is not sprouted at the beginning of last month of spring in winter, seeding row spacing is taked 80cm * 120cm.Prune root elder generation end before the field planting, cut off broken hinder root segment, long root and short its of part master root taken root, shear in the 30mg/kgABT rooting powder solution, to soak 15min afterwards.Grafting after the processing is pressed field planting in ditch of 80cm, and surely does in the 20-30cm eminence, impels the following sprouting of lateral bud of section.
(3) ground, facility garden management: comprise the horticultural facility management and adopt the management of fringe maternal plant.
Horticultural facility management: at button canopy during cold weather at the beginning of 2 months, overlay film heats, and temperature is controlled at about 25 ℃ in the facility.Take insulation film mid-May off, the 7-8 month is covered sunshade net at frame, avoids nursery stock to be subject to hot weather effect.
Adopt the management of fringe maternal plant: comprise rich water quality management, the extermination of disease and insect pest and weeds management, the fringe bar is gathered.
1. rich water quality management: after the grafting field planting, water 1-2 time per month annual 5 times of fertilising.Urea is executed (20-30 jin/mu) 4 times, is at the beginning of 2 months before the rudiment, at the beginning of 3 months after the rudiment, adopts behind the fringe at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May for the first time and before adopting fringe for the second time by the end of July.Fertilizer is executed once, and annual September or October execute, and execute 6000-8000 jin for every mu.
2. the extermination of disease and insect pest and weeds management: enter white to trunk before the winter, the ground, garden of turning over, cleaning dry branches and fallen leaves, in conjunction with artificial insect-catching with spray the method prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as medicament.Lay gardening ground cloth and suppress facility cutting orchard weed growth.
3. the fringe bar is gathered: the Second Year of grafting field planting begins to adopt fringe.Nursery stock begins to sprout by the end of February in the facility cutting orchard, and branch is long to 30cm by the end of March, and eye is substantial full in the time of by the end of May, and degree of lignification reaches adopts the fringe requirement, carries out adopting the first time fringe.August, seedling can reach the fringe demand of adopting again, carried out adopting the second time fringe.Use secateurs during collection, clip will be put down, and stays 2-3 bud in the bottom of adopting fringe maternal plant fringe bar branch, continues to adopt fringe realizing, adopts more and more.
Beneficial effect
The invention provides a kind of facility high-yield cultivation technique of apocarya scion.By to the supporting Cultivation With Dwarf Varieties And Close Spacing of the facility cultivation of grafting, realized: the intensive production of (1) scion, raising land utilization rate; (2) scion is specialized produces, and has both prevented that adopting fringe from elite stand as a result affected that it is solid, adopt fringe from the finished product seedling and postpone its fruiting period, also than common scion garden output increased more than 2 times; (3) scion facility production, control device heats the time, prolongs newly growth time slightly of apocarya, begins to adopt fringe from mid-May as required, adopts fringe than open country and does sth. in advance 35-50d, prolongs and adopts the fringe phase, increases the fringe amount of adopting, and improves output and the quality of scion.
Adopt culture technique of the present invention, make the fringe number of times of adopting of scion become annual twice (once, August once at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May) by annual (the 7-8 month) under the normal condition.Can produce ten thousand of bud 4.5-6.5 every mu of every year, and output is compared with common scion garden and improved more than 2 times.
Embodiment
Tested in 2010 in joyous mouthful of town in the Feng County, Jiangsu, and method is as follows:
1, horticultural facility construction: joyous mouthful of town builds 2 in greenhouse, long 50m, wide 6.5m, high 2.5m in the Feng County, Jiangsu.Cover polyethylene film winter, cover sunshade net summer, avoid cathay hickory to suffer the impact of extraneous poor environment.
2, cutting orchard construction:
(1) ground, facility garden is prepared: entirely cultivate the soil in November, 2010, and it is carefully whole to deep plough, and removes foreign material, and press line-spacing 120cm trench digging.Ditch depth 60cm, wide 90cm is put into one side of ditch, Exposure to Sunlight sterilization with the soil that digs out.
(2) breeding field planting: in field planting in March, 2011 grafting, prune root elder generation end before the field planting, cut off broken hinder root segment, long root and short its of part master root taken root, shear in 30mg/kg ABT rooting powder solution, to soak 15min afterwards.Press seeding row spacing 80cm * 120cm field planting, and surely do in the 20-30cm eminence, nursery stock 330 strains of planting of each booth.
(3) ground, facility garden management
The management of horticultural facility: the greenhouse is at cold weather time button canopy at the beginning of 2 months, and temperature is controlled at about 25 ℃ in the greenhouse.Take insulation film mid-May off, 7-8 covers sunshade net during month heat, avoids nursery stock to be subject to hot weather effect.
Adopt the management of fringe maternal plant:
1. rich water quality management: field planting in 2011 is cultivated then and is adopted the fringe maternal plant, does not adopt fringe.Water per month 1 to 2 time, execute urea (20-30 jin/mu) May once, organic fertilizer in September (6000-8000 jin/mu) once.Second Year begins normal management after adopting fringe.Water annual 5 times of fertilising 1-2 time per month.Urea is executed 4 times, and fertilizer is executed once.
2. the extermination of disease and insect pest and weeds are processed: whole canopy spreads gardening ground cloth during field planting, and the soil moisture conservation effect is played in the evaporation of control moisture, suppresses simultaneously the growth of weeds.November is white to trunk, the ground, garden of turning over, cleaning dry branches and fallen leaves, and pre-preventing disease and pest occurs.
3. gathering of fringe bar: adopt fringe for the first time in by the end of May, 2012, two canopies, 660 young plants are adopted more than 2600 of fringe altogether, 20,000 of buds.Adopt for the second time fringe in August, 2012, adopts altogether more than 3300 of fringe, more than 20,000 6 thousand of buds.Adopted altogether more than 40,000 6 thousand of buds in 1 year.Expectation is along with the cultivation of facility cutting orchard nursery stock can be produced more than 60,000 of buds in two greenhouses after 2 years.
Claims (8)
1. the facility high-yield cultivation technique of an apocarya scion is characterized in that: choose the location and build horticultural facility, carry out the preparation on ground, facility garden before the field planting, field planting grafting with improved seed seedling at the beginning of last month of spring in winter, management work with carrying out at last the facility garden.
2. the facility high-yield cultivation technique of a kind of apocarya scion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: select sunny, soil layer is deep fertile, soil is faintly acid or alkalescence, has the location of good water source and power supply to build horticultural facility.
3. the facility high-yield cultivation technique of a kind of apocarya scion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in advance ground, facility garden is cultivated entirely, it is carefully whole deep plough, removes foreign material, and presses line-spacing 120cm and ditch ditch depth 60cm, wide 90cm.
4. the facility high-yield cultivation technique of a kind of apocarya scion according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: field planting grafting with improved seed seedling at the beginning of last month of spring in winter, prune root elder generation end before the field planting, cut off brokenly and hinder short its of root segment, long root and part master root and take root, in the 30mg/kgABT rooting powder solution, soak 15min after shearing; Grafting after the processing is pressed seeding row spacing 80cm * 120cm field planting in the field planting ditch, and surely does in the 20-30cm eminence, impels the following sprouting of lateral bud of section.
5. the facility high-yield cultivation technique of a kind of apocarya scion according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: detain canopy at the beginning of 2 months, overlay film heats, and temperature is controlled at about 25 ℃ in the facility; Take insulation film mid-May off, cover sunshade net at frame during 7-8 month heat, avoid nursery stock to be subject to hot weather effect.
6. the facility high-yield cultivation technique of a kind of apocarya scion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: after the grafting field planting, water 1-2 time per month annual 5 times of fertilising; Urea is executed (20-30 jin/mu) 4 times, is at the beginning of 2 months before the rudiment, at the beginning of 3 months after the rudiment, adopts behind the fringe at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May for the first time and before adopting fringe for the second time by the end of July; Fertilizer is executed once, and annual September or October execute, and execute 6000-8000 jin for every mu.
7. the facility high-yield cultivation technique of a kind of apocarya scion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: enter white to trunk before the winter, the ground, garden of turning over, cleaning dry branches and fallen leaves, in conjunction with artificial insect-catching with spray the method prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as medicament; Lay gardening ground cloth and suppress weed growth in the facility cutting orchard.
8. the facility high-yield cultivation technique of a kind of apocarya scion according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the facility cutting orchard is adopted the fringe maternal plant and is begun to sprout by the end of February, branch is long to 30cm by the end of March, eye enriches full in the time of by the end of May, degree of lignification reaches adopts the fringe requirement, carries out adopting the first time fringe; August, seedling can reach the fringe demand of adopting again, carried out adopting the second time fringe; Use secateurs during collection, clip will be put down, and stays 2-3 bud in the bottom of adopting fringe maternal plant fringe bar branch, continues to adopt fringe realizing, adopts more and more.
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| CN2012105524998A CN102972253A (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2012-12-19 | Facility high-yield cultivation technology for imping carya illinoensis |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103875501A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-06-25 | 南京农业大学 | Method for yearly pruning apocarya for multiple bearing branch cultivation |
| CN103947498A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-30 | 梁文荣 | Trimming method of young walnut trees |
| CN104137739A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-12 | 孔令波 | Thin-shell walnut double-tongue grafting technology |
| CN104488636A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-08 | 苏州青青生态种植园 | Planting technique for increasing growth speed of walnut trees |
| CN105165538A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-23 | 广西八桂石漠化核桃产业开发有限公司 | Walnut tree cultivating method |
| CN105481510A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-04-13 | 上海艳紫化工科技有限公司 | Method for organically planting pecans |
| CN105622209A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-06-01 | 常州王者青城生态观光有限公司 | Organic pecan planting method |
| CN108370791A (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2018-08-07 | 昭通和堂生物技术有限公司 | A kind of method for planting of walnut |
| CN108432534A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-08-24 | 南京林业大学 | Pecan tree does sth. in advance the promotion method of result |
| CN108812005A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-11-16 | 湖北省林业科学研究院 | A kind of apocarya cutting orchard efficiently builds method |
| CN109220282A (en) * | 2018-09-02 | 2019-01-18 | 杭州富阳飞博科技有限公司 | A kind of apocarya grafting and breeding method |
| CN109496665A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-22 | 云南省林业科学院漾濞核桃研究院 | The shaping and trimming method of apocarya cutting orchard tree body |
| CN111955265A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-11-20 | 江苏水木农景股份有限公司 | Method for obtaining high-quality and high-yield carya illinoensis ear strips |
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2012
- 2012-12-19 CN CN2012105524998A patent/CN102972253A/en active Pending
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104137739A (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-11-12 | 孔令波 | Thin-shell walnut double-tongue grafting technology |
| CN103875501A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-06-25 | 南京农业大学 | Method for yearly pruning apocarya for multiple bearing branch cultivation |
| CN103875501B (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2016-01-27 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of annual trimming method of apocarya of cultivating large result branch |
| CN103947498A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-30 | 梁文荣 | Trimming method of young walnut trees |
| CN104488636A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-08 | 苏州青青生态种植园 | Planting technique for increasing growth speed of walnut trees |
| CN105165538A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-23 | 广西八桂石漠化核桃产业开发有限公司 | Walnut tree cultivating method |
| CN105481510A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-04-13 | 上海艳紫化工科技有限公司 | Method for organically planting pecans |
| CN105622209A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-06-01 | 常州王者青城生态观光有限公司 | Organic pecan planting method |
| CN108370791A (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2018-08-07 | 昭通和堂生物技术有限公司 | A kind of method for planting of walnut |
| CN108432534A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-08-24 | 南京林业大学 | Pecan tree does sth. in advance the promotion method of result |
| CN108432534B (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2020-08-11 | 南京林业大学 | Method for promoting early fruiting of Carya cathayensis |
| CN108812005A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-11-16 | 湖北省林业科学研究院 | A kind of apocarya cutting orchard efficiently builds method |
| CN109220282A (en) * | 2018-09-02 | 2019-01-18 | 杭州富阳飞博科技有限公司 | A kind of apocarya grafting and breeding method |
| CN109220282B (en) * | 2018-09-02 | 2021-06-08 | 杭州富阳飞博科技有限公司 | Grafting breeding method for apocarya |
| CN109496665A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-22 | 云南省林业科学院漾濞核桃研究院 | The shaping and trimming method of apocarya cutting orchard tree body |
| CN111955265A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-11-20 | 江苏水木农景股份有限公司 | Method for obtaining high-quality and high-yield carya illinoensis ear strips |
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Application publication date: 20130320 |