CN112088712B

CN112088712B - Method for ecologically controlling southern stony desertification through combined cultivation of kiwi fruits and lonicera confusa

Info

Publication number: CN112088712B
Application number: CN202011062191.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴代东; 李洪艳; 陈伯伦; 李一伟; 余欢; 姜新
Original assignee: Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-09-30
Filing date: 2020-09-30
Publication date: 2022-06-17
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-30
Also published as: CN112088712A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating kiwi fruits and lonicera confusa by using time-space soil in a combined manner, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting land and preparing land; (2) building a frame: installing open-air wide-top T-shaped kiwi fruit cultivation frames according to the plant spacing and the row spacing of kiwi fruits; (3) ploughing planting ditches or planting holes on the ground with the frame vertically projected; (4) planting two crops in each hole according to the planned plant spacing and row spacing, wherein one crop is kiwi fruit, and the other crop is lonicera confusa; (5) pruning, soil fertilizer and water management and pest control of the young tree period and the production period of the kiwi fruit and the lonicera confusa are respectively operated according to the requirement of simplifying cultivation management; (6) and (6) harvesting. The method provided by the invention can be used for remarkably improving the utilization rate of the artificial cultivated crops in the south karst rock-desertification region on illumination, water and fertilizer, time and space; the bare rocky desertification area is covered by green plants all the year round, so that the ecological system can be rebuilt in the unit area of rocky desertification in the karst region, and more economic products can be produced.

Description

Method for ecologically controlling southern stony desertification through combined cultivation of kiwi fruits and lonicera confusa

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for cultivating kiwi fruits and lonicera confusa, in particular to a method for ecologically treating southern stony desertification by combined cultivation of the kiwi fruits and the lonicera confusa.

Background

The existing artificial cultivation crops for ecological economic management in south karst stony desertification areas have low utilization rate of illumination, water, fertilizer, time and space, low utilization rate of land and natural resources and waste of a large amount of fertilizer resources. Therefore, a method for efficiently utilizing the existing kiwi fruit and lonicera confusa variety resources, soil nutrient and water resources and time and space resources, rebuilding an ecosystem in a unit area of a karst stony desertification region and producing more economic products is urgently needed.

The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a method for cultivating kiwi fruits and lonicera confusa by combining time, space and soil, and aims to obtain a method for remarkably improving the utilization rate of illumination, water, fertilizer, time and space of artificially cultivated crops in south karst rock-desertification regions and cultivating the kiwi fruits and the lonicera confusa simultaneously.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

a method for cultivating kiwi fruits and lonicera confusa by combining time-space soil comprises the following operation steps:

(1) land selection and preparation: selecting a slope with the gradient of 0-25 degrees according to the topography and the landform of rocky hills and mountains, wherein the slope is in the southward, southwest or southeast direction, and the area suitable for planting kiwi fruits and lonicera confusa is used as a garden;

(2) building a frame: according to different stone mountain land conditions, installing a frame for cultivating open-air wide-top T-shaped kiwi fruits according to the range of 2-4 m of plant spacing and 3.0-4.0 m of row spacing of the kiwi fruits, arranging an upright post at each interval of 3-4 m in the horizontal equal-height transverse direction, arranging an upright post at each interval of 3.0-4.0 m in the longitudinal direction, pulling a multi-strand steel strand between each row of upright posts in the longitudinal direction as a bus i, reinforcing the bus i for use, arranging the multi-strand steel strand at the position of 180cm of the height of the upright posts, and pulling a multi-strand steel strand between each row of upright posts in the transverse direction as a bus ii for use; taking a bus ii as a center, arranging a plurality of steel wires at equal intervals on the left side and the right side of the bus ii as vine bearing lines, directly fixing the vine bearing lines on the bus i by using thin iron wires, and binding and fixing the vine bearing lines at the positions of 30cm and 80cm of the bus i by taking the upright column as the center respectively;

(3) cultivating and cultivating planting ditches or planting holes according to the same horizontal contour line on the ground with the vertical projection of the stand constructed by the upright posts, the bus bars and the vine bearing lines in the step (1), wherein the plant spacing is 2-4 m, the row spacing is 3.0-4.0 m, the planting ditches or the planting holes are loose and fertilized soil, each plant is averagely more than 0.5 cubic meter, the planting holes are 4/5 underground, and the depth (60-80 cm) of the planting ditches or the planting holes is multiplied by the width of 100 cm; firstly, moving 0-30cm of soil on the surface layer of a planting ditch or a planting hole to an upward slope surface, digging out 30-80cm of raw soil in the middle and at the bottom of the planting ditch or the planting hole, placing the raw soil on a downhill surface of the planting ditch, and then backfilling 0-20cm of surface soil on the surface of the ditch and the surface soil between rows into the ditch hole; during backfilling, placing soil blocks, turf, plants, dead branches and fallen leaves, rhizome residues and smaller stones on the surface layer at the bottom of the planting ditch, and adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.5-6.5 before backfilling the surface soil; during backfilling, 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is needed to be used for each cubic meter of acid soil, 20-30kg of farmyard manure is mixed, the backfilled soil is uniformly stirred as much as possible, preparation and waiting for planting are completed 30-60 days before planting, cultivation and fertilization management are preferably carried out when the soil is soft after rainfall before planting, and soil activation and labor-saving cultivation are facilitated; weeds, branches or leaves cover the surface of the tree disk after planting; the native plants without surface soil digging between plants and rows are only cut down on the overground part, the root systems are not dug, only the growth is controlled during the growth period, the ecological diversity of the plants is increased, the small rain and the medium rain can be stored, and the heavy rain is reduced to avoid water and soil loss caused by direct washing;

(4) planting two crops in each hole according to the plant spacing and the row spacing planned in the step (3), wherein one crop is kiwi fruit, the other crop is drought-resistant and heat-resistant lonicera hypoglauca miq, a planting point is arranged at the central position of a planting ditch or a planting hole, a planting hole is dug in a 30-40cm square, the plant spacing is 20cm, direct planting is carried out according to requirements, if a bare-rooted seedling needs to be planted after a root system mixed with slurry for promoting rooting is firstly carried out, a grafting opening is 5-10cm higher than the ground, and 1 male plant variety with an approximate flowering period is matched for each 8 female plants of the kiwi fruit to serve as a pollinator;

after the kiwi fruits grow, putting the kiwi fruit vines on vine bearing lines, and enabling the drought-resistant, damp-heat-resistant and damp-heat-resistant lonicera hypoglauca miq variety to grow on the inter-plant inter-row ground below the shelf surface or climb to cover the rock surface; (5) the pruning, soil fertilizer and water management and pest control of the young tree period and the delivery period of the honeysuckle of the lonicera hypoglauca miq and the lonicera hypoglauca miq are respectively operated according to the requirements of simplifying cultivation management;

(6) harvesting: harvesting, processing and selling Lonicera hypoglauca Miq in batches in stages according to the growth and development stage of flower buds and market demands during the period from April to May; according to the growth characteristics and market requirements of the Guichang Chinese gooseberries, in the late ten days of September to October, according to factors such as fruit maturity and inherent quality indexes, the Chinese gooseberries are harvested in batches in stages according to market sales and processing requirements.

Preferably, the area suitable for planting the kiwi fruits and the lonicera confusa in the step (1) is a soil area with the average temperature of 11.3-20 ℃ per year, the effective accumulated temperature of more than 10 ℃ of 4500-5600 ℃, the frost-free period of 160-270 days, the sunshine duration of 1300-2600 hours, the annual rainfall of 1000-1900mm, the relative air humidity of more than 75 percent, deep and thick soil layer with acidity or subacidity, fertile and loose soil and high humus content; the production areas are suitable for being provided with 10-20 mu rectangles along the contour line direction according to the landform, and a drainage and irrigation system, a windbreak forest, a management room, a traffic and storage processing area and the like are required to be suitable for the layout arrangement of the light and simple cultivation management processing requirement system.

Preferably, the upright column in the step (2) is a square cement column with the width of 8cm-10cm and the length of 2500cm and is internally provided with 4 No. 6 steel bars; the multi-strand steel strand is 7 strands of steel strands with nominal diameter of 6.9-9.6 mm, and the nominal tensile strength is greater than 39.84N/mm²(ii) a The steel wire vine-supporting line is an eight-to ten-size aluminum-clad steel wire or a galvanized anti-rust steel wire.

Preferably, the kiwi fruit variety in the step (4) is disease-resistant, damp-heat-resistant, noble and long kiwi fruit, the fruit is unique in sour and sweet flavor, rich in carbohydrate, mineral substances, amino acids, vitamins and other components, is known as the crown of manzhou fruit and Vc, and can be eaten fresh or processed into products such as kiwi fruit wine, kiwi fruit juice, kiwi fruit dry slices and the like.

Preferably, the simplified cultivation management requirement of kiwi fruits in the step (5) comprises the following operation steps:

(a) mixed culture of main stem, main vine and fruiting branch group of kiwi fruit:

selecting and reserving strong young shoots after field planting as main stem cultivation of kiwi fruit by means of vertical binding and traction of bamboo sticks, slightly pinching the young shoots for the first time when the young shoots grow to exceed 100cm above the ground, selecting and reserving a young shoot with a strong top end to continue upward cultivation (erasing the rest young shoots), and when the young shoots exceed a generatrix ii by 10-20cm, carrying out heavy shearing and pinching at a position 5cm-10cm below the generatrix ii to promote mixed buds at the top end of the main stem to germinate, selecting and reserving 2 strong young shoots to respectively and horizontally guide and bind and extend along the generatrix ii (erasing the rest young shoots), and directly cultivating as main vines; the bus bar ii is provided with a new tip extended by the main vine, the pinching is carried out once every time the bus bar is extended by 40cm, the thickening growth and the flower bud differentiation are promoted until the bus bar is connected with the adjacent main vine of the plant, namely the full-frame cultivation of the main vine is completed;

synchronously culturing a fixed fruiting branch group on the horizontal plane of each side of the main vines, wherein the distance between each branch group is 35cm, the diameter of the cut of the main vines and the branch groups during winter pruning is more than 0.8cm, the full stand is not completed in the first year, and the culture is continued in the second year and the third year according to the same method; the fruiting branch group which is close to the main stem of the kiwi fruit and cultured in the last year on the main vine can be directly used for trial production in the next year, and the like until the kiwi fruit is put into production at full stand and mature;

the cultivation method of the branch group of the main vine fixed fruit comprises the following steps: selecting 1 key strong main tip branch with proper position at the interval of 35-40 cm on each side of the main vine to form an angle of 90 degrees with the main vine, prolonging culture, respectively attaching the key strong main tip branch and the main vine to a first horizontal vine bearing line and a second horizontal vine bearing line in the same side direction, and taking thickening growth as a main culture target; the first path is the first path which is closest to the robust young shoot growing direction compared with the robust young shoots of the resultant branch group, and the second path which is adjacent to the first path in the young shoot growing direction;

after fruiting and production putting, when the fixed fruiting branch group except the first young shoot is cultured as the fruiting branch group of the second year, and when other young shoot branches grow 10cm to 20cm and show inflorescences, selecting and reserving horizontally or obliquely upwards growing middle to strong young shoots for fixing, wherein the distance between the young shoots is 10cm to 15cm, and the number of the young shoots per square meter is 12 to 14, and the principle of fixing and reserving the young shoots is that the maximum utilization efficiency of the space per unit area of each side is not shaded mutually; the sprouts on the main vines are uniformly wiped except for updating and filling in gaps; sprouts on the trunks are wiped off uniformly except for trunk renewal;

wherein, the fruiting mother branch refers to the branch of the bearing branch, the bearing branch refers to the new tip with fruit ear, the nutrition branch refers to the new tip without fruit ear, the bearing branch group grows on the bone stem branch or the auxiliary nutrition, and has more than two basic units of growth result composed of bearing branch and nutrition branch;

(b) pinching, tip shearing, flower thinning, pollination, fruit thinning and leading in the growth period:

(b-1) the specific operation steps of the cultivation of the fruiting mother branch of the main vine in the sapling stage are as follows:

selecting and reserving a robust new tip at intervals of 35-40 cm at each side of the main vine by taking an auxiliary leaf pinching measure of every 3-4 leaves of the main vine to culture the robust new tip as a fruiting mother branch, pinching the fruiting mother branch new tip once every 8-10 leaves, and when the fruiting mother branch new tip is 30-40cm, leading and binding the robust new tip on a transverse first vine bearing line, and uniformly distributing and leading and binding the robust new tip on a second horizontal vine bearing line when the new tip is extended to about 40cm so as to promote thickening growth and prevent branches from being overlapped, wherein except for a top new tip, a leaf pinching is reserved at an auxiliary tip of each branch; pinching the top new shoot exceeding the second horizontal vine bearing line, and naturally drooping the new shoot regrown at the top after pinching, and when the natural drooping grows to honeysuckle in the Reynaudiana japonicas mountain close to the ground, using lawn shears to hedge and trim at a position 120cm away from the ground; wherein, compared with the young shoots of the resulting mother branches, the first shoot is closest to the growing direction of the young shoots, and the second shoot is adjacent to the first shoot in the extending direction of the young shoots;

(c-2) the specific operation steps of renewal and culture of fruiting mother branches of main vines of mature delivery trees are as follows:

after the cultivation of the main trunk and the main vine is finished, a first new shoot (if a flower bud needs to be removed) nearest to the main vine is selected as a nutrition branch to be cultivated into a fruiting mother branch of the second year every year, the new shoot grows parallel to the main vine, pinching is performed once every 6-8 leaves, thickening growth and flower bud differentiation are promoted, when the new shoot grows to 35-45cm, the new shoot is attached to an adjacent fruiting mother branch along the new shoot, the branches are prevented from being overlapped, the pinching exceeds the top end of the new shoot of the adjacent fruiting mother branch to a medium degree, the top end regrows the new shoot to completely naturally droop, and when the new shoot grows to a honeysuckle flower of a lonicera hypoglauca lonicera near the ground in a downward-hanging manner, fence type pruning is performed at a position 120cm away from the ground by using lawn shears; when pruning is carried out in winter, only the first cultured nutrient branch in the last year is reserved, 5-8 sections of single branches are reserved for updating, all other branches which have fruit bearing are mechanically pruned, the nutrient branches are uniformly distributed and guided on a first horizontal vine bearing line after the surface of a frame is cleaned, and the first path is the same as the first path which is closest to the growing direction of the nutrient branches;

(c-3) specific operation steps of fruiting branch group culture management of mature production trees:

when inflorescences appear when other young shoots grow 10cm-20cm except for the first young shoot cultured on the fruiting mother branch in the next year, selecting and reserving horizontally or obliquely upwards grown medieval to strong flowering young shoots and fixing the young shoots as fruiting branches; the total fixed tips per square meter is 12-14, the distance between the new tips is 15-20 cm, and the principle of maximum utilization efficiency of unit area space of each side, no mutual shading and convenient management is taken as fixed tip and tip retaining; selecting 1-3 fruiting branches between first horizontal lines and main vines in parallel, and guiding the fruiting branches and the main vines to adjacent fruiting parent branches, selecting 2-4 fruiting branches between second horizontal lines, and guiding the fruiting branches to the second horizontal lines to prevent branches from overlapping, wherein the first path is closest to the fruiting branch growing direction, and the second path is adjacent to the first path in the extending direction of the fruiting branches;

3-6 leaf pinching is left before the inflorescence or young fruit of the top end of the bearing branch of the mature delivery tree, one to two lateral buds growing at the top end of the bearing branch are left, 4-5 leaf pinching is left, redundant lateral buds are removed in time, and the positions of pruning and pinching are as middle as possible between the nodes as the cut healing is slow; the bearing branches and the vine bearing lines are parallelly bound on the adjacent old branches along the binding direction, and the ratio of the nutrient branches to the bearing branches is 1: 6-8; the leaves of the branches cannot be too dense, light leakage spots need to be arranged under the support, and the growth of the ground mountain honeysuckle is considered;

(d) flower thinning, pollination, fruit thinning, leaf and fruit bagging management in the growth period:

most inflorescences grow separately at 2-3 axilla of the same leaf, if all inflorescences are left, nutrients are lost, one female flower bud with the largest center is left, and the rest female flower buds are thinned; the artificial supplementary pollination is needed in the flowering period, particularly when the flowering period meets poor weather conditions, the stamens of the blooming male flowers are taken and smeared on the pistils of the blooming female flowers, one male flower can carry out the artificial supplementary pollination on ten female flowers, the fruits of the artificial supplementary pollination grow regularly, grow fast and have large heads, and the auxiliary pollination can be carried out by using commercial pollen through a pollinator, so that the working efficiency and the benefit are obviously improved; bee can be put in a suitable place for supplementary pollination, fruits which finish pollination in a natural state hardly fall, if fruits are not thinned, too many fruits grow little, defective fruits, small fruits and malformed fruits are preferentially thinned during fruit thinning, and only normal fruits are kept;

1-5 fruits are reserved on each bearing branch according to the condition of strength, the fruit expansion period is 40-50 days after blooming, 35-45 fruits can be set and reserved on each square meter of effective setting surface, a special bag with wind resistance, rain resistance and good air permeability can be conditionally selected for bagging fruits, the bagging is carried out 3-7 afternoon at 8-11 am in sunny days, the spraying of the pesticide is carried out twice before bagging, the contact between the fruits and plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced after bagging, the direct or indirect contact between the fruits and the pesticide is avoided, the pollution is reduced, meanwhile, the physiological disease can be effectively prevented from being scorched, and the quality of the fruits is obviously improved;

during the growth period, the management of the leaves is carried out according to the ratio of 6:1 between the leaves and fruits of the functional leaves after blooming and fruit setting and before harvesting, and the over-dense branches, the insect-disease branches and the redundant branches are cut off in time to ensure ventilation and light transmission; after harvesting, cutting out branches, particularly weak branches and dense branches which have fruits, which are nearest to the main vines and are cultured to be branches except for branch vegetative branches which have fruits in the second year in time, and increasing ventilation and light transmission to promote the trees to recover tree vigor as soon as possible;

5-8 buds are left for winter pruning 15-20 days after natural defoliation of grown trees every year, only the first fruiting mother branch cultured on the main vine in the last year is kept, 5-8 knots of single branches are adopted for updating and pruning, 50% of cyanamide dormancy breaking agent which is 40 times of that of the top buds is sprayed 15-20 days before natural germination after pruning, and then normal management is carried out;

preferably, the kiwi fruit soil fertilizer and water management in the step (5) comprises the following operation steps:

(5-1.1) management of soil surface: artificially weeding the soil surface of the tree disc or using a glufosinate chemical herbicide to control weeds, and then covering an agricultural film or the removed weeds; the weeds with certain thickness can be kept by manually mowing in the growing season in the area outside the tree disc or between trench rows, so that the effects of drought prevention, moisture preservation and orchard climate adjustment are achieved;

(5-1.2) fertilizer management: determining the total fertilizing amount by combining the planned target yield of the second year according to the comprehensive factors of the kiwi fruit growth fertilizer requirement rule, the fertilizer variety, the utilization rate of the fertilizer, the tree vigor growth condition, the hilly and mountain land soil condition and the like, wherein the delivery tree is fertilized 3 times per year in soil, the kiwi fruit is a fleshy root system, and each fertilization is preferably operated when the soil is wet after rain, so that the damage to the root system is reduced;

recovering fertilizer after harvesting after 1 time of harvesting, applying 600-1000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu according to the yield target of every 1000kg, mixing 9kg of converted chemical fertilizer, 14kg of pure phosphorus and 7kg of pure potassium fertilizer, combining intertillage digging and radial ditch deep application for 20-40 cm on a tree disc and the periphery, paying attention to shallow digging at a position close to a trunk and deep digging at a position far away, alternately turning deep ploughing and applying fertilizer positions year by year, and reserving a ditch 12 centimeters away from the ground after applying fertilizer and returning soil;

applying tip-accelerating and flower-promoting fertilizers 7-10 days before flowering and pollination of kiwi fruits for the 2 nd time, applying 100kg of commercial bio-organic fertilizers (produced by Jinzheng biological chemical engineering Co., Ltd.) per mu according to the yield target of every 1000kg, mixing the converted fertilizers with 6kg of slow-release pure nitrogen, 2kg of pure phosphorus and 2.8kg of pure potassium fertilizers, and spreading the fertilizers into a first reserved fertilizing ditch to cover 6cm of thin soil;

applying fertilizer for promoting fruit and strengthening fruit 10-20 days after flowering and pollination of kiwi fruits 3 times, applying 200kg of commercial bio-organic fertilizer (produced by Jinzheng biological chemical industry Co., Ltd.) per mu according to the yield target of every 1000kg, mixing the fertilizer after conversion into 3.6kg of slow-release pure nitrogen, 4.0kg of pure phosphorus and 4.2kg of pure potassium fertilizer, spreading the fertilizer, placing the fertilizer in a first reserved fertilizing ditch, covering 6cm of thin soil, and covering the fertilizing ditch with soil to level the tree tray ground after the last fertilization;

besides large-scale elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, medium elements of calcium, magnesium and sulfur and trace elements of boron, iron, zinc, molybdenum, manganin and chlorine are also one of essential elements, soil and plant tests are conditionally required, the calcium, magnesium and sulfur can be supplemented by fertilizers such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate and the like in a combined manner, other trace elements can be combined to prevent plant diseases and insect pests from being sprayed on the leaves, and particularly, the leaves are enhanced to be sprayed before and after flowering to supplement nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizers;

the frequency of top dressing and foliage spraying can be increased in the young tree period before delivery, and the growth of the young tree is accelerated and the young tree is shaped and grown in a full stand type in advance on the principle of few times and root damage as little as possible;

(5-1.3) moisture management: the kiwi fruit is a tree species with weak drought tolerance, appropriate water needs to be supplemented when soil water is deficient during the growth period, and a water and fertilizer integrated auxiliary facility can be conditionally adopted, particularly, water needs to be supplemented in time when continuous drought occurs in the weather after fertilization, meanwhile, the kiwi fruit is not resistant to waterlogging, and needs to be drained in the continuous rainy period and soil waterlogging; before harvesting, attention should be paid to water control to facilitate accumulation of sugar.

Preferably, in the step (5), the diseases and insect pests of the kiwi fruits are mainly prevented, the mainly occurring diseases and insect pests include root rot, canker, yellow spot, flower rot, leaf blight, black spot, root knot nematode, chafer, red spider, scale insect, stinkbug, leafhopper, dichocrocis punctiferalis and the like, and the method mainly adopts 'active prevention' of agricultural control, biological control, physical control and chemical control, and comprises the following operation steps:

(5-2.1) in the period from dormancy to germination, strengthening winter garden cleaning, reducing the number of pathogenic insect sources, clearing diseased branches, insect branches, fallen leaves and fallen fruits in the garden, deeply burying or burning, locally crushing the trimmed branches, composting and decomposing at high temperature, returning to the field, stripping the surface soil around the root neck to expose the root system in the shape of chicken claws, whitening the surface, trunk, main tendrils and large cut mouths of the root system to prevent frost damage of fruit trees, and also eliminating a large amount of overwintering germs and pests, wherein the whitening agent is prepared by 10 parts of quicklime, 2 parts of lime, 1 part of salt and 35 parts of water according to the proportion, after the fallen leaves and the winter of the fruit trees are trimmed in winter, then preparing mixed wetting medicine soil by using 100 times of 30% DT (copper (colloidal succinate) suspending agent and 1000 times of 3% carbofuran granules to cover the root neck, and when the average lint ratio of the branch buds is about 5%, spraying 45% of 300 times of crystal sulfur solution to the fruiting branch groups on the main tendrils in a directional manner, preventing root rot, ulcer, flower rot, scale insect, etc.; the combination of intertillage tree trays is an important measure for improving soil and promoting the yield of fruit trees and is an effective method for eliminating overwintering diseases and pests;

(5-2.2) selecting the bactericide bismerthiazol, fluazinam, oxine-copper, chlorothalonil, petai, mancozeb, Zengwei Yinglv, junctite or Kate and the like before harvesting in the bud spreading leaves, selecting the biocontrol agents such as bacillus subtilis EM microbial inoculum, zhongshengmycin, beauveria, bacillus thuringiensis and the like, selecting the insecticide acaricide thiamethoxam, bifenthrin, imidacloprid, buprofezin, matrine and other oral medicaments for controlling corresponding plant diseases and insect pests, alternately matching for use, strictly keeping the safe interval period of the pesticide, and increasing the foliar fertilizer to supplement nutrition when preventing the plant diseases and insect pests according to the needs;

(5-2.3) after harvesting, performing management work mainly for disease prevention and leaf protection, and spraying 1: 0.5: 200 bordeaux mixture and 1% urea solution to prevent various diseases and supplement leaf nitrogen nutrition, wherein chemical pesticides can be used for prevention and control as required if leafhoppers and other migratory pests are pests.

Preferably, the honeysuckle lonicera hypoglauca miq pruning in the step (5) comprises the following steps: during the growth period after planting, according to the landform and the landform of the ground and the positions around the plants, in addition to manual management work, the branches are spread and pulled, are uniformly and reasonably distributed, and ground resources under the kiwi fruit frame, among the plants and among the rows are utilized to the largest extent; weak branches, diseased branches, dead branches, old branches, over dense branches and overgrown branches in plants are pruned in autumn and winter every year, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced, the ventilation and light-transmitting microenvironment is improved, and the growth of vines is promoted; and after the delivery period, a shaping method for stabilizing the diameter of the crown is adopted, the shaping is carried out before the sprouting in spring, the selected and remained branches are completely retracted to the base of the first-batch flowering branch in the previous year, and two to three sections of heavy shears are remained, so that the influence of overlarge growth amount on the whole ventilation and light transmission is prevented.

Preferably, the soil fertilization and water management of the lonicera confusa in the step (5) comprises the following operation steps:

(5-3.1) managing the soil surface, wherein the soil surface of the tree tray can be artificially weeded or covered with agricultural film or dry-branch deciduous weeds after the weeds are prevented and controlled by chemical herbicides such as glufosinate and the like; the weeds with certain thickness can be kept by manually mowing in the growing season in the area outside the tree disc or between ditches, so that the effects of drought prevention, moisture preservation and orchard climate regulation are achieved;

(5-3.2) fertilizer management: fertilizing for 2 times every year after delivery, respectively topdressing in early spring (2 months) and after flower buds are harvested (6 months), fertilizing for 6kg of nitrogenous fertilizer, 4kg of quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, 6kg of potash fertilizer, 0.4g of boron and 0.1g of molybdenum fertilizer in each mu in early spring, and managing shallow intertillage topdressing by combining with a tree disc; after flower buds are harvested, radial ditches are dug in a combined mode to be deeply applied for 10-30cm on a tree disc and the periphery, deep ploughing positions are alternated year by year, 300 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 5kg of nitrogenous fertilizer, 10kg of slow-acting phosphate fertilizer and 5kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu of land, and disease and insect prevention and spraying of foliar fertilizer can be combined in the growth and bud stage of new shoots; the frequency of topdressing can be increased in the sapling period before the delivery;

(5-3.3) moisture management: the method mainly comprises the water management of kiwi fruit cultivation, honeysuckle of lonicera hypoglauca belongs to the crops in the same season of rain and heat, and has the advantages of strong drought tolerance, no waterlogging tolerance and attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention in rainy seasons.

Preferably, in the step (5), the pest and disease damage prevention of lonicera hypoglauca miq is mainly implemented by powdery mildew, aphids, thrips and the like, and comprehensive measures of agricultural control, biological control, physical control and chemical control are mainly adopted, and the method comprises the following operation steps:

(5-4.1) the agricultural control mainly comprises the steps of properly pruning, applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, cleaning the field and the garden and reducing the base number of insect sources;

(5-4.2) biological control mainly comprises the steps of protecting the original natural enemy insects in the plantation and keeping the original vegetation as much as possible;

(5-4.3) the physical prevention and control mainly comprises the steps of trapping and killing thrips and aphids by utilizing a yellow armyworm plate;

(5-4.4) chemical control: powdery mildew easily occurs in spring young bud growth period in drought climate, high-efficiency low-toxicity ethirimol wettable powder, enestroburin or propiconazole are selected to be sprayed and prevented if necessary, and 0.36% matrine aqua, 1% azadirachtin or 1% celastrol botanical insecticide are selected to prevent and treat thrips and aphids.

The harvesting, storing and processing of the Guichang kiwi fruit comprise: the harvesting and processing are key steps in the whole management link of the noble and long kiwi fruits, accurate yield estimation is needed, channels for sale and processing are dredged, and preparation related to the harvesting and processing is made in advance. The kiwi fruits with different purposes are required to be harvested with different maturity; and (4) standard harvesting: the harvesting is carried out after the content of the soluble solid matters reaches 7.5 percent, so that the storage property, the shelf life and the flavor quality after the soft ripening of the fruits are better; harvesting in due time: the date from blooming to harvesting of the Actinidia polygama is generally 120-150 days, the growth periods of fruits in different planting environments and regions are greatly different, and the mature period starts from 9 middle of the month to 10 months. The early-picked kiwi fruits have less nutrient accumulation, the sugar content and the acidity can not reach the standard, and the flavor of the original variety is lost after the kiwi fruits are soft and ripe. High starch content and easy taste change during the conversion process. The fruits are picked in sunny morning and evening or cloudy days, so that the fruits are prevented from being picked at high temperature in noon, otherwise, a large amount of field heat is absorbed by the fruits and is not emitted, the softening of the fruits is easy to accelerate, the fruits are not suitable to be picked when raining, heavy fog and dew are not dry, and the damp surfaces of the fruits are favorable for pathogenic bacteria infection. Removing the bag before picking: if the kiwi fruit which is managed by bagging is adopted, the bagging is preferably removed 5-7 days before picking, so that the surface of the fruit peel is colored under the irradiation of sunlight, the appearance of a full green fruit is avoided, the sugar content of the fruit can be improved, and the quality of the fruit is improved. The harvesting method comprises the following steps: when picking fruits, holding the fruits by hands, slightly pressing the fruit handles with fingers, breaking the fruits at the position close to the fruits, and slightly holding the fruits to avoid stabbing, pressing and bruising the fruits as much as possible. In order to avoid damage caused by fruit picking, fruit picking personnel should cut nails short and smooth, wear soft gloves, and spread soft bedding on wooden boxes, fruit baskets and the like to avoid fruit bruising. Storing the Guichang kiwi fruits: can be stored in a cool environment for several weeks without refrigeration, but refrigeration is necessary to maintain good commercial value for a long period of time, reduce wastage and adjust marketing volume. Under the condition of refrigeration, the kiwi fruits can be stored for more than 4-6 months, and under the condition of modified atmosphere storage, the kiwi fruits can be stored for more than 6-8 months. The storage life of the harvested fruits is longest when the content of soluble solids is 7% -9%, and the best method for storing and refreshing the kiwi fruits is to pre-cool and then cool.

The honeysuckle of the lonicera hypoglauca miq is harvested, processed and sold in batches in stages according to the growth and development stages of buds and market demands during the period from April to May. The harvesting and processing of the lonicera hypoglauca miq comprise the following steps: the harvesting and processing are a key step in the whole management link, accurate yield estimation is needed, channels for sale and processing are dredged, and relevant preparation is made in advance; harvesting in good time is the key for increasing both production and income, mature flower buds look plump, the tops are milky white, the bases are bluish white, the optimal harvesting period is the optimal harvesting period, and harvesting is performed from 9 am to 12 am in sunny days; the fresh flowers after being harvested need to be dried in time, and a hot air drying and dehydrating technology is preferably adopted: firstly, the hot air is adopted for carrying out the water-removing by hot air at the temperature of 120-150 ℃, the temperature of hot air drying is 80-100 ℃, and then the mixture is packaged and sold according to grades.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the method for cultivating the kiwi fruits and the lonicera confusa effectively utilizes the existing precious and long kiwi fruit (deciduous woody liana perennial fruit trees in winter) variety and lonicera hypoglauca (evergreen woody liana perennial medicinal plants) variety resources, and obviously improves the utilization rate of illumination, water, fertilizer, time and space of artificially cultivated crops in the south karst rock-desertification region; the bare rocky desertification area is covered by green plants all the year round, so that an ecological system can be rebuilt in the unit area of rocky desertification in the karst region, more economic products (kiwi fruits and lonicera confusa) can be produced, the problem of deep poverty in the mountain area is relieved, the implementation of the rural happy strategy is assisted, and the harmonious development of the society is promoted;

(2) the method of the invention skillfully utilizes open-air ecological planting of matching of early-maturing high-quality lonicera confusa variety and late-maturing high-quality high-resistance high-quality lonicera confusa variety on the same unit area of the rocky mountain area, fully utilizes the characteristics of different crop growth period differences, evergreen plants, fallen leaf plants, root growth distribution depth differences and the like through scientific and reasonable layout of the branches and tendrils of the precious long kiwi fruit and the branches and tendrils of the lonicera hypoglauca franch, realizes cultivation of the precious long kiwi fruit and mixed cultivation of the lonicera hypoglauca franch in the same unit area, and maximizes ecological benefits and economic benefits of unit time, space, soil nutrient moisture, manpower resource utilization and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a unit of the rack for combined cultivation of kiwi fruit and lonicera confusa according to the present invention; wherein the main labels are as follows: 1-kiwi fruit trunk, 2-main vine, 3-fruiting mother branch, 4-fruiting branch, 5-upright column, 6-1 bus i, 6-2 bus ii, 7-vine bearing line and 8-Lonicera hypoglauca Miq.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, but it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. The raw materials used in the examples were all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

Example 1

A kiwi fruit and lonicera confusa cultivation method combining time-space soil utilization is disclosed, and the operation steps are as follows:

(1) land selection and preparation: selecting a slope with the gradient of 0-25 degrees according to the topography and the landform of rocky hills and mountains, wherein the slope is in the southward, southwest or southeast direction, and the area suitable for planting kiwi fruits and lonicera confusa is used as a garden; the area suitable for planting the kiwi fruits and the lonicera confusa is a soil area with the average temperature of 11.3-20 ℃ per year, the effective accumulated temperature of more than 10 ℃ of 4500-plus 5600 degrees, the frost-free period of 160-270 days, the sunshine duration of 1300-plus 2600 hours, the annual rainfall of 1000-plus 1900mm, the air relative humidity of more than 75 percent, and the soil area with deep soil layer, fertile and loose soil and high humus content which is acidic or slightly acidic;

(2) building a frame: according to different mountain and field conditions, installing open wide-top T-shaped kiwi fruit cultivation racks within the range of 2-4 m of plant spacing and 3.0-4.0 m of row spacing of kiwi fruits, arranging an upright post 5 at each interval of 3-4 m in horizontal equal-height and transverse directions, arranging an upright post at each interval of 3.0-4.0 m in longitudinal directions, pulling a multi-strand steel strand between each row of upright posts in longitudinal directions to serve as a bus i 6-1, and reinforcing the kiwi fruits for use, wherein the multi-strand steel strand is arranged at the position 180cm of the height of the upright posts; in thatTransversely pulling a multi-strand steel strand between every two transverse rows of upright columns 5 to be used as a bus ii 6-2, taking the bus ii 6-2 as a center, arranging 3 steel wires on the left side and the right side of the bus ii 6-2 at equal intervals to be used as vine bearing wires 7, directly fixing the vine bearing wires 7 on the bus i by using thin iron wires, and binding and fixing the vine bearing wires 7 at the positions of 30cm and 80cm of the bus i by taking the upright columns as the center respectively; wherein, the upright column is a square cement column with the width of 8cm-10cm and the length of 2500cm and is internally provided with 4 No. 6 steel bars; the stranded steel wire is 7 stranded steel wires with nominal diameter of 6.9-9.6 mm, and the nominal tensile strength is greater than 39.84N/mm²(ii) a The steel wire vine bearing line is an aluminum-clad steel wire from eight to ten;

(3) cultivating and preparing planting holes according to the same horizontal contour line on the ground with the vertical projection of the stand constructed by the upright posts, the bus bars and the vine bearing lines in the step (1), wherein the row spacing is 2-4 m, the row spacing is 3.0-4.0 m, the planting holes are loose fertile soil, each plant is averagely more than 0.5 cubic meter, the planting holes are 4/5 underground, and the depth (60-80 cm) of the planting holes is multiplied by the width of 100 cm; firstly, moving the soil of the planting furrows to an upward slope position, digging out raw soil with the middle part and the bottom part of the planting furrows being 30-80cm, placing the raw soil on a downhill surface of the planting furrows, and backfilling surface soil on the furrow surface and surface soil between rows with the thickness of 0-20cm into furrow holes; during backfilling, placing soil blocks, turf, plants, dead branches and fallen leaves, rhizome residues and smaller stones on the surface layer at the bottom of the planting ditch, and adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.5-6.5 before backfilling the surface soil; when backfilling, 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is needed to be used for each cubic meter of acid soil, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is mixed with farmyard manure and uniformly stirred to backfill the soil, the backfilled soil is uniformly stirred as much as possible, and the preparation and the waiting for planting are completed 30 days before planting, so that the soil is preferably cultivated and fertilized to manage the soil when the soil is soft after rainfall before planting, and the soil is activated and cultivated in a labor-saving manner; weeds cover the surface of the tree disc after planting; the native plants without surface soil digging between plants and rows are only cut down on the overground part, the root systems are not dug, only the growth is controlled during the growth period, the ecological diversity of the plants is increased, the small rain and the medium rain can be stored, and the heavy rain is reduced to avoid water and soil loss caused by direct washing;

(4) planting two crops in each hole according to the plant spacing and row spacing planned in the step (3), wherein one of the crops is a long and noble kiwi fruit, the other is drought-resistant and heat-resistant lonicera hypoglauca miq 8, a planting point is arranged at the central position of a planting ditch, a planting hole is dug in a 30-40cm square, the plant spacing is 20cm, the direct planting is directly carried out according to the requirements, a bare-rooted seedling needs to be planted after being mixed with a slurry root system for promoting rooting, the grafting opening is 5-10cm higher than the ground, and the kiwi fruit is planted with 1 male plant variety with an approximate flowering period as a pollinator according to each 8 female plants; after the kiwi fruits grow, putting the kiwi fruit vines on vine bearing lines, and enabling the drought-resistant, damp-heat-resistant and damp-heat-resistant lonicera hypoglauca miq variety to grow on the inter-plant inter-row ground below the shelf surface or climb to cover the rock surface;

the late-maturing disease-resistant damp-heat-resistant kiwi fruit variety is selected from the noble kiwi fruits which are good varieties in Chinese kiwi fruits, is suitable for local soil environmental climate conditions, has good quality, strong disease resistance, high photosynthetic efficiency and damp-heat-resistant and little-sunlight-resistant conditions, and can utilize the water and nutrient of the soil of a full plough layer (0-30 CM); the Guichang kiwi fruits bud in the last 3 months, flower and pollinate in the first 3 months of May, branches grow rapidly and fruits grow in the sixth to August, the Guichang kiwi fruits are harvested from the last 3 months of September to the last ten months of October, and the requirement of the full growth period on fertilizers is that nitrogen fertilizers are more than potassium fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers;

the honeysuckle variety of the drought-tolerant and heat-tolerant lonicera hypoglauca has strong disease resistance, moisture resistance, heat resistance, drought resistance, low-sunlight-resistant condition, barren soil resistance and waterlogging resistance, and the main root system is distributed in the soil of the plough layer within 30 centimeters; the mature flower picking and bud period of honeysuckle of lonicera hypoglauca is from April to mid-May, most of the dates are just staggered with the flowering and fruit setting periods of the long and noble kiwi fruits, and the requirements of the fertilizer in the whole growth period are potassium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, which are similar to the fertilizer requirement rule of the long and noble kiwi fruits;

(5) the pruning, soil fertilizer and water management and pest control of the young tree period and the delivery period of the honeysuckle of the lonicera hypoglauca miq and the lonicera hypoglauca miq are respectively operated according to the requirements of simplifying cultivation management;

the simple cultivation management requirement of the kiwi fruits comprises the following operation steps:

selecting and reserving strong young shoots after field planting as a main stem 1 of the kiwi fruit for cultivation by means of vertical binding and traction of bamboo sticks, slightly pinching the young shoots for the first time when the young shoots grow to exceed 100cm above the ground, selecting and reserving a young shoot with a strong top end for continuous upward cultivation (erasing the rest young shoots), and when the young shoots exceed a generatrix ii by 10-20cm, carrying out heavy shearing and pinching at a position 5cm-10cm below the generatrix ii to promote mixed buds at the top end of the main stem to germinate, selecting and reserving 2 strong young shoots, respectively and horizontally guiding and binding and extending to the left and right direction along the generatrix ii (erasing the rest young shoots), and directly cultivating as a main vine 2; the bus bar ii is provided with a new tip extended by the main vine, the pinching is carried out once every time the bus bar is extended by 40cm, the thickening growth and the flower bud differentiation are promoted until the bus bar is connected with the adjacent main vine of the plant, namely the full-frame cultivation of the main vine is completed;

synchronously cultivating a fixed fruiting branch group on the horizontal plane of each side of the main vines, wherein the distance between each branch group is 35cm, the diameter of a cut trimmed by the main vines and the branch groups is more than 0.8cm during winter trimming, the whole vine is not finished in the first year, and the cultivation is continued according to the same method in the second year and the third year; the fruiting branch group which is close to the main stem of the kiwi fruit and cultured in the last year on the main vine can be directly used for trial production in the next year, and the like until the kiwi fruit is put into production at full stand and mature;

after fruiting and production putting, when the fixed fruiting branch group except the first young shoot is cultured as the fruiting branch group of the second year, and when other young shoot branches grow 10cm to 20cm and show inflorescences, selecting and reserving horizontally or obliquely upwards growing middle to strong young shoots for fixing, wherein the distance between the young shoots is 10cm to 15cm, and the number of the young shoots per square meter is 12 to 14, and the principle of fixing and reserving the young shoots is that the maximum utilization efficiency of the space per unit area of each side is not shaded mutually; the sprouts on the main vines are uniformly wiped except for updating and filling gaps; sprouts on the trunks are wiped off uniformly except for trunk renewal;

(b) pinching, tip shearing, flower thinning, pollination, fruit thinning and leading and binding in the growth period:

(b-1) the specific operation steps of the cultivation of the fruiting mother branch of the main tendrils in the sapling stage are as follows:

selecting and reserving a robust new tip at intervals of 35-40 cm at each side of the main vine by taking an auxiliary leaf pinching measure of every 3-4 leaves of the main vine to culture the robust new tip as a fruiting female branch 3, pinching every 8-10 leaves of the new tip of the fruiting female branch 3 once at the time of 30-40cm, and leading and binding the robust new tip on a transverse first vine bearing line, wherein the robust new tip is uniformly distributed and led and bound on a second horizontal vine bearing line along with the extension of the new tip to 40cm or so to promote thickening growth and prevent branches from overlapping, and a leaf pinching is reserved at the auxiliary tip of each branch except the top new tip; pinching the top new shoot exceeding the second horizontal vine bearing line, and naturally drooping the new shoot regrown at the top after pinching, and when the natural drooping grows to honeysuckle in the Reynaudiana japonicas mountain close to the ground, using lawn shears to hedge and trim at a position 120cm away from the ground; wherein, compared with the young shoots of the resulting mother branches, the first shoot is closest to the growing direction of the young shoots, and the second shoot is adjacent to the first shoot in the extending direction of the young shoots;

when inflorescences appear when other young shoots grow 10cm-20cm except for the first young shoot cultured on the fruiting mother branch in the next year, selecting and reserving horizontally or obliquely upwards grown medieval to strong flowering young shoots as fruiting branches 4; the total fixed tips per square meter are 12-14, the distance between the new tips is 15-20 cm, and the fixed tip retaining principle is that the maximum utilization efficiency of the space per unit area of each side, mutual shading and convenient management are adopted; selecting 1-3 fruiting branches between the first horizontal line and main vines in parallel and guiding to adjacent fruiting mother branches, selecting 2-4 fruiting branches between the second horizontal line and guiding to the second horizontal line to prevent branches from overlapping, wherein the first path is closest to the fruiting branch growing direction, and the second path is adjacent to the first path in the fruiting branch extending direction;

during growth, the ratio of leaves to fruits of the functional leaves is 6:1 after blooming and fruit setting and before harvesting, and excessively dense branches, insect-infected branches and redundant branches are cut off in time to ensure ventilation and light transmission; after harvesting, cutting out branches, particularly weak branches and dense branches which have fruits, which are nearest to the main vines and are cultured to be branches except for branch vegetative branches which have fruits in the second year in time, and increasing ventilation and light transmission to promote the trees to recover tree vigor as soon as possible;

the honeysuckle of lonicera hypoglauca miq includes: during the growth period after planting, according to the landform and the landform of the ground and the positions around the plants, in addition to manual management work, the branches are spread and pulled, are uniformly and reasonably distributed, and ground resources under the kiwi fruit frame, among the plants and among the rows are utilized to the largest extent; weak branches, diseased branches, dead branches, old branches, over dense branches and overgrown branches in plants are pruned in autumn and winter every year, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced, the ventilation and light-transmitting microenvironment is improved, and the growth of vines is promoted; after the delivery period, a shaping method for stabilizing the diameter of the crown is adopted, the shaping is carried out before sprouting in spring, the selected and remained branches are all retracted to the base of the first stubble of flowering branch in the previous year, two to three sections of heavy shears are reserved, and the influence of overlarge growth amount on the whole ventilation and light transmission is prevented;

the kiwi fruit soil fertilizer and water management method comprises the following operation steps:

(5-1.1) management of soil surface: after the soil surface of the tree disc is artificially weeded and controlled, an agricultural film is covered; manually mowing in growing seasons in areas outside the tree trays or between ditches, keeping weeds with certain thickness, and achieving the effects of drought prevention, moisture preservation and orchard climate adjustment;

(5-1.2) fertilizer management:

determining the total fertilizing amount by combining the planned target yield of the second year according to the comprehensive factors of the kiwi fruit growth fertilizer requirement rule, the fertilizer variety, the utilization rate of the fertilizer, the tree vigor growth condition, the hilly and mountain land soil condition and the like, wherein the delivery tree is fertilized 3 times per year in soil, the kiwi fruit is a fleshy root system, and each fertilization is preferably operated when the soil is wet after rain, so that the damage to the root system is reduced;

recovering fertilizer after harvesting in 1 st time, applying 600-1000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu according to the yield target of every 1000kg, mixing converted chemical fertilizers of 9kg of pure nitrogen, 14kg of pure phosphorus and 7kg of pure potassium fertilizer, performing intertillage digging on a tree tray and the periphery to deeply apply 20-40 cm radial ditches, performing shallow digging on a position close to a trunk and performing deep digging on a position far away from the trunk, alternately performing deep ploughing and fertilizing positions year by year, and remaining ditches 12 cm away from the ground after fertilizing and returning soil;

applying tip-accelerating and flower-promoting fertilizers 7-10 days in the early stage of flowering and pollination of kiwi fruits in the 2 nd time, applying 100kg of commercial bio-organic fertilizer (produced by Jinzheng biological chemical industry Co., Ltd.) per mu according to the yield target of 1000kg, mixing the converted fertilizers of 6kg of slow-release pure nitrogen, 2kg of pure phosphorus and 2.8kg of pure potassium fertilizer, and broadcasting and applying the mixture into a first reserved fertilizing ditch and covering 6cm of thin soil;

applying fertilizer for promoting fruit and strengthening fruit 10-20 days after flowering and pollination of kiwi fruit at the 3 rd time, applying 200kg of commercial bio-organic fertilizer (produced by Jinzheng biochemical chemical company Limited) per mu according to the yield target of every 1000kg, mixing the converted fertilizer with 3.6kg of slow-release pure nitrogen, 4.0kg of pure phosphorus and 4.2kg of pure potassium fertilizer, spreading the fertilizer, placing the fertilizer into a first reserved fertilizing ditch, covering 6cm of thin soil, and covering the fertilizing ditch with soil to level the tree tray ground after the last fertilization;

(5-1.3) moisture management: the kiwi fruit is a tree species with weak drought tolerance, appropriate water needs to be supplemented when soil water is deficient during the growth period, and a water and fertilizer integrated auxiliary facility can be conditionally adopted, particularly, water needs to be supplemented in time when continuous drought occurs in the weather after fertilization, meanwhile, the kiwi fruit is not resistant to waterlogging, and needs to be drained in the continuous rainy period and soil waterlogging; before harvesting, attention should be paid to water control to facilitate accumulation of sugar;

the method mainly comprises the following steps of preventing diseases and pests of the kiwi fruits, wherein the main diseases and pests mainly comprise root rot, canker, yellowing disease, flower rot, leaf blight, black spot, root knot nematode disease, chafer, red spider, scale insect, stinkbug, leafhopper, dichocrocis punctiferalis and the like, mainly adopting active prevention of agricultural prevention, biological prevention, physical prevention and chemical prevention, and comprising the following operation steps of:

(5-2.3) after harvesting, performing management work mainly for disease prevention and leaf protection in a leaf falling period, spraying 1: 0.5: 200 bordeaux mixture and 1% urea solution to prevent various diseases and supplement leaf nitrogen nutrition, and if migratory pests such as leafhoppers exist, using chemical pesticides for prevention and control as required;

the lonicera confusa soil fertilizer and water management method comprises the following operation steps:

(5-3.1) managing the soil surface, wherein the soil surface of the tree disc can be covered with an agricultural film after artificial weeding and weed control; the weeds with certain thickness can be kept by manually mowing in the growing season in the area outside the tree disc or between trench rows, so that the effects of drought prevention, moisture preservation and orchard climate adjustment are achieved;

(5-3.3) moisture management: the method mainly comprises the following steps of (1) taking the water management of kiwi fruit cultivation as a main part, wherein honeysuckle of lonicera hypoglauca belongs to crops in the same season of rain and heat, and the method is strong in drought resistance, intolerant to waterlogging and capable of paying attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention in rainy seasons;

the pest and disease damage prevention of lonicera hypoglauca miq is mainly characterized in that powdery mildew, aphids, thrips and the like occur, comprehensive measures of agricultural control, biological control, physical control and chemical control are mainly adopted, and the operation steps are as follows:

(5-4.4) chemical control: powdery mildew easily occurs in spring young bud growth period in drought climate, high-efficiency low-toxicity ethirimol wettable powder, enestroburin or propiconazole are selected for spraying prevention if necessary, and 0.36% matrine aqua, 1% azadirachtin or 1% celastrus angulatus botanical insecticide can be selected for preventing and treating thrips and aphids;

Example 2

(1) land selection and preparation: selecting a slope of 0-25 degrees according to the terrain and the landform of hills and mountains, wherein the slope is in the south direction, the southwest direction or the southeast direction, an area suitable for planting kiwi fruits and lonicera confusa is used as a garden, integrally planning and constructing, and arranging a production area, a drainage and irrigation system, a windbreak forest, a house for management, a traffic and a storage processing area, wherein each production area is preferably provided with 10-20 mu of rectangles along the contour direction, and the drainage and irrigation system, the windbreak forest, the house for management, the traffic and the storage processing area are required to adapt to the layout arrangement of a light and simple cultivation management processing demand system; the area suitable for planting the kiwi fruits and the lonicera confusa is a soil area with the average temperature of 11.3-20 ℃ per year, the effective accumulated temperature of more than 10 ℃ of 4500-plus 5600 degrees, the frost-free period of 160-270 days, the sunshine duration of 1300-plus 2600 hours, the annual rainfall of 1000-plus 1900mm, the air relative humidity of more than 75 percent, and the soil area with deep soil layer, fertile and loose soil and high humus content which is acidic or slightly acidic;

(2) building a frame: according to different stone mountain land conditions, installing open-air wide-top T-shaped kiwi fruit cultivation racks according to the range of the plant spacing of 2-4 m and the row spacing of 3.0-4.0 m of kiwi fruit, arranging an upright post 5 at the interval of 3.0-4.0 m in the horizontal equal-height transverse direction, arranging an upright post at the interval of 3.0-4.0 m in the longitudinal direction, pulling a multi-strand steel strand between every two rows of upright posts in the longitudinal direction as a bus i 6-1 for reinforcement, and arranging the multi-strand steel strand at the position of 180cm of the upright post; transversely pulling a multi-strand steel strand between every two transverse rows of upright columns 5 to serve as a bus bar ii 6-2, taking the bus bar ii 6-2 as a center, arranging 3 steel wires on the left side and the right side of the bus bar ii 6-2 at equal intervals to serve as vine bearing wires 7, directly fixing the vine bearing wires 7 on the bus bar i by using thin iron wires, and binding and fixing the vine bearing wires 7 at positions of 30cm and 80cm of the bus bar i by taking the upright columns as the center; wherein, the upright column is a square, 8cm-10cm wide, 2500cm long, and is provided with 4 cement columns with 6# steel bars; the stranded steel wire is 7 stranded steel wires with nominal diameter of 6.9-9.6 mm, and the nominal tensile strength is greater than 39.84N/mm²(ii) a The steel wire vine bearing line is a galvanized antirust steel wire;

(3) cultivating and cultivating planting ditches or planting holes according to the same horizontal contour line on the ground with the vertical projection of the stand constructed by the upright posts, the bus bars and the vine bearing lines in the step (1), wherein the row spacing is 2-4 m, the row spacing is 3.0-4.0 m, the planting holes are loose and fertilized soil, each plant is averagely more than 0.5 cubic meter, the planting holes are 4/5 underground, and the planting holes are deep (60-80 cm) and 100cm wide; firstly, moving 0-30cm of soil on the surface layer of the planting hole to the position of an upward slope, digging out raw soil 30-80cm away from the middle part and the bottom of the planting hole, placing the raw soil on a downhill surface of a planting ditch, and backfilling 0-20cm of surface soil between the surface soil and the rows of the ditch surface into the ditch hole; during backfilling, placing soil blocks, turf, plants, dead branches and fallen leaves, rhizome residues and smaller stones on the surface layer at the bottom of the planting ditch, and adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.5-6.5 before backfilling the surface soil; when backfilling, 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is needed to be used for each cubic meter of acid soil, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is mixed with farmyard manure and uniformly stirred to backfill the soil, the backfilled soil is uniformly stirred as much as possible, the preparation and the waiting for planting are finished 45 days before planting, the soil is preferably cultivated and fertilized to manage the soil when the soil is soft after rainfall before planting, and the soil is activated and labor-saving cultivation and cultivation are facilitated; the surface of the tree disk is covered with branches and leaves after planting; the native plants without surface soil digging between plants and rows are only cut down on the overground part, the root systems are not dug, only the growth is controlled during the growth period, the ecological diversity of the plants is increased, the small rain and the medium rain can be stored, and the heavy rain is reduced to avoid water and soil loss caused by direct washing;

(4) planting two crops in each hole according to the plant spacing and row spacing planned in the step (3), wherein one of the crops is a long and noble kiwi fruit, the other is drought-enduring and heat-and-humidity-resistant lonicera hypoglauca miq 8, a planting point is arranged at the central position of a planting hole, a 30-40cm square is dug in the planting hole, the plant spacing is 20cm, the direct planting is directly carried out according to the requirement, a bare-rooted seedling needs to be planted after being mixed with a root system of slurry for promoting rooting, a grafting opening is 5-10cm higher than the ground, and the kiwi fruit is matched with 1 male plant variety with an approximate flowering period as a pollinator according to every 8 female plants; after the kiwi fruit grows, the kiwi fruit vines are lapped on vine bearing lines, and the drought-resistant and damp-heat resistant lonicera hypoglauca miq variety grows on inter-plant row ground below the frame surface or climbs to cover the rock surface;

(5) pruning, soil fertilizer and water management and pest and disease control of the kiwi fruit and lonicera hypoglauca miq at the sapling stage and the delivery stage respectively according to the requirement of simplifying cultivation management;

the management of the main trunk, the main vine, the fruiting branch group, the pinching, the tip shearing, the flower thinning, the fruit thinning, the leading and the binding and the like of the Guichang kiwi fruit comprises the following steps:

synchronously culturing a fixed fruiting branch group on the horizontal plane of each side of the main vines, wherein the distance between each branch group is 35cm, the diameter of the cut of the main vines and the branch groups during winter pruning is more than 0.8cm, the full stand is not completed in the first year, and the culture is continued in the second year and the third year according to the same method; the fruiting branch group close to the main trunk of the kiwi fruit cultured on the main vine in the last year can be directly used for trial production in the next year, and the like until the kiwi fruit is put into production for the full stand and mature;

the cultivation method of the branch group of the main vine fixed fruit comprises the following steps: selecting 1 key strong main tip branch with proper position at the interval of 35-40 cm on each side of the main vine to form an angle of 90 degrees with the main vine, prolonging culture, respectively attaching the key strong main tip branch and the main vine to a first horizontal vine bearing line and a second horizontal vine bearing line in the same side direction, and taking thickening growth as a main culture target; the first path is the first path which is closest to the robust young shoot growing direction and the second path which is adjacent to the first path in the young shoot growing direction compared with the robust young shoot as a result branch group;

selecting and reserving a robust new tip at intervals of 35-40 cm at each side of the main vine by taking an auxiliary leaf pinching measure of every 3-4 leaves of the main vine to culture the robust new tip as a fruiting female branch 3, pinching every 8-10 leaves of the new tip of the fruiting female branch 3 once at the time of 30-40cm, and leading and binding the robust new tip on a transverse first vine bearing line, wherein the robust new tip is uniformly distributed and led and bound on a second horizontal vine bearing line along with the extension of the new tip to 40cm or so to promote thickening growth and prevent branches from overlapping, and a leaf pinching is reserved at the auxiliary tip of each branch except the top new tip; pinching the top new shoot exceeding the second horizontal vine bearing line, and naturally drooping the new shoot regrown at the top after pinching, and when the natural drooping grows to honeysuckle in the Reynaudiana japonicas mountain close to the ground, using lawn shears to hedge and trim at a position 120cm away from the ground; wherein, compared with the young shoots of the resulting mother branches, the first path is the closest to the growing direction of the young shoots, and the second path is adjacent to the first path in the extending direction of the young shoots, and the following steps are the same;

when inflorescences appear when other young shoots grow 10cm-20cm except for the first young shoot cultured on the fruiting mother branch in the next year, selecting and reserving horizontally or obliquely upwards grown medieval to strong flowering young shoots as fruiting branches 4; the total fixed tips per square meter is 12-14, the distance between the new tips is 15-20 cm, and the principle of maximum utilization efficiency of unit area space of each side, no mutual shading and convenient management is taken as fixed tip and tip retaining; selecting 1-3 fruiting branches between first horizontal lines and main vines in parallel, and guiding the fruiting branches and the main vines to adjacent fruiting parent branches, selecting 2-4 fruiting branches between second horizontal lines, and guiding the fruiting branches to the second horizontal lines to prevent branches from overlapping, wherein the first path is closest to the fruiting branch growing direction, and the second path is adjacent to the first path in the extending direction of the fruiting branches;

1-5 fruits are reserved for each fruit branch according to the condition of strength, 35-45 fruits are reserved for each square meter in the fruit expansion period from 40 days to 50 days after blooming, a special bag with good wind resistance, rain resistance and air permeability can be selected for fruit bagging conditionally, the fruit bagging is performed 3-7 afternoon at 8-11 am in sunny days, the medicine is sprayed twice before bagging, the contact between the fruits and plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced after bagging, the direct or indirect contact between the fruits and the pesticide is avoided, the pollution is reduced, meanwhile, the physiological disease caused by sunburn can be effectively prevented, and the quality of the fruits is obviously improved;

the honeysuckle of lonicera hypoglauca miq includes: during the growth period after planting, according to the landform and the landform of the ground and the positions around the plants, in addition to manual management work, the branches are spread and pulled, are uniformly and reasonably distributed, and ground resources under the kiwi fruit frame, among the plants and among the rows are utilized to the largest extent; weak branches, diseased branches, dead branches, old branches, over-dense branches and overgrown branches in plants are pruned in autumn and winter every year, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced, the ventilation and light-transmission microenvironment is improved, and the growth of vines is promoted; after the delivery period, a shaping method for stabilizing the diameter of the crown is adopted, the shaping is carried out before sprouting in spring, the selected and remained branches are all retracted to the base of the first stubble of flowering branch in the previous year, two to three sections of heavy shears are reserved, and the influence of overlarge growth amount on the whole ventilation and light transmission is prevented;

(5-1.1) management of soil surface: after the soil surface of the tree disc is used for preventing and controlling weeds by using the glufosinate-ammonium chemical herbicide, an agricultural film is covered; in the area outside the tree disc or between trench rows, artificial mowing is carried out in growing seasons, weeds with certain thickness are kept, and the effects of drought prevention, moisture preservation and orchard climate adjustment are achieved;

(5-1.2) fertilizer management:

the disease and insect pest prevention of the kiwi fruits, the main diseases and insect pests have root rot, canker, yellowing disease, flower rot, leaf blight, black spot, root knot nematode disease, chafer, red spider, scale insect, stinkbug, leafhopper, dichocrocis punctiferalis and the like, the 'active prevention' of agricultural control, biological control, physical control and chemical control is mainly adopted, and the method comprises the following operation steps:

(5-2.2) selecting the bactericide bismerthiazol, fluazifop-butyl, oxine-copper, chlorothalonil, Baitai, mancozeb, zengweilv, junctir or Kate and the like from the budding and leaf spreading to the harvest, selecting the biocontrol preparation bacillus subtilis EM microbial inoculum, zhongshengmycin, beauveria bassiana and the like, selecting the insecticide acaricide thiamethoxam, bifenthrin, imidacloprid, buprofezin, matrine and other oral medicaments for controlling corresponding plant diseases and insect pests, alternately matching for use, strictly keeping the safe interval period of the pesticide, and increasing the foliar fertilizer for supplementing nutrition when preventing the plant diseases and insect pests according to the needs;

(5-2.3) after harvesting, performing management work mainly for disease prevention and leaf protection in a leaf falling period, spraying a 1: 0.5: 200 Bordeaux solution and 1% urea solution to prevent various diseases and supplement leaf nitrogen nutrition, and if flying pests such as leafhoppers are harmful, chemical pesticide control such as chemical pesticide control and the like can be used as required; the lonicera confusa soil fertilizer and water management method comprises the following operation steps:

(5-3.1) managing the soil surface, and covering an agricultural film after the soil surface of the tree disc uses chemical herbicides such as glufosinate and the like to prevent and control weeds; the weeds with certain thickness can be kept by manually mowing in the growing season in the area outside the tree disc or between trench rows, so that the effects of drought prevention, moisture preservation and orchard climate adjustment are achieved;

(5-3.3) moisture management: the method mainly comprises the following steps of (1) taking the water management of grape cultivation as a main part, wherein honeysuckle of lonicera hypoglauca belongs to crops in the same season of rain and heat, and the method is strong in drought resistance, intolerant to waterlogging and capable of paying attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention in rainy seasons;

Example 3

(2) building a frame: according to different stone mountain land conditions, installing open-air wide-top T-shaped kiwi fruit cultivation racks according to the range of the plant spacing of 2m-4m and the row spacing of 3.0m-4.0m of kiwi fruits, arranging an upright post 5 at each interval of 3m-4m in the horizontal equal-height transverse direction, arranging an upright post at each interval of 3m-4m in the longitudinal direction, pulling a multi-strand steel strand between each row of upright posts in the longitudinal direction as a bus i 6-1, and reinforcing the steel strand steel for use, wherein the multi-strand steel is arranged at the position of 180cm of the height of the upright posts; transversely pulling a multi-strand steel strand between every two transverse rows of upright columns 5 to serve as a bus bar ii 6-2, taking the bus bar ii 6-2 as a center, arranging 3 steel wires on the left side and the right side of the bus bar ii 6-2 at equal intervals to serve as vine bearing wires 7, directly fixing the vine bearing wires 7 on the bus bar i by using thin iron wires, and binding and fixing the vine bearing wires 7 at positions of 30cm and 80cm of the bus bar i by taking the upright columns as the center; wherein, the upright column is a square cement column with the width of 8cm-10cm and the length of 2500cm and is internally provided with 4 No. 6 steel bars; the stranded steel wire is 7 stranded steel wires with nominal diameter of 6.9-9.6 mm, and the nominal tensile strength is greater than 39.84N/mm²(ii) a The steel wire vine bearing line is an aluminum-clad steel wire from eight to ten;

(3) cultivating and cultivating planting ditches on the ground with the vertical projection of the stand constructed by the upright posts, the bus and the vine bearing lines in the step (1) according to the same horizontal contour line, wherein the plant spacing is 2-4 m, the row spacing is 3.0-4.0 m, the soil for loosening and fertilizing the planting ditches is more than 0.5 cubic meter per plant on average, planting holes are 4/5 underground, and the depth (60-80 cm) of the planting ditches is multiplied by the width of 100 cm; firstly, moving soil of a planting ditch to an upward slope surface, digging raw soil 30-80cm away from the middle part and the bottom of the planting ditch, placing the raw soil on a downhill surface of the planting ditch, and backfilling surface soil on the surface of the ditch and surface soil 0-20cm between rows into ditch holes; during backfilling, placing soil blocks, turf, plants, dead branches and fallen leaves, rhizome residues and smaller stones on the surface layer at the bottom of the planting ditch, and adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.5-6.5 before backfilling the surface soil; when backfilling, 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is needed to be used for each cubic meter of acid soil, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is mixed with farmyard manure and uniformly stirred to backfill the soil, the backfilled soil is uniformly stirred as much as possible, preparation and waiting for planting are completed 60 days before planting, cultivation and fertilization management are preferably carried out when the soil is soft after rainfall before planting, and soil activation and labor-saving cultivation are facilitated; weeds, branches and leaves cover the surface of the tree disc after planting; the original plants without digging out surface soil between plants and rows are only cut down on the ground, root systems are not dug out, only growth is controlled during growth, ecological diversity of the plants is increased, light rain and medium rain can be stored, heavy rain is reduced, and water and soil loss caused by direct washing is avoided;

after fruiting and production putting, when the fixed fruiting branch group except the first young shoot is cultured as the fruiting branch group of the second year, and when other young shoot branches grow 10cm to 20cm and show inflorescences, selecting and reserving horizontally or obliquely upwards growing middle to strong young shoots for fixing, wherein the distance between the young shoots is 10cm to 15cm, and the number of the young shoots per square meter is 12 to 14, and the principle of fixing and reserving the young shoots is that the maximum utilization efficiency of the space per unit area of each side is not shaded mutually; the sprouts on the main vines are uniformly wiped except for updating and filling in gaps; sprouts on the trunks are uniformly wiped off except for being used for trunk renewal;

after the cultivation of the main trunk and the main vine is finished, a first new tip (if a flower bud needs to be removed) nearest to the main vine is selected every year to serve as a bearing mother branch of the second year, the new tip and the main vine grow in parallel, pinching is performed once every 6-8 leaves, thickening growth and flower bud differentiation are promoted, when the new tip grows to 35-45cm, the new tip is guided to adjacent bearing mother branches, branch overlapping is prevented, pinching beyond the top end of the new tip of the adjacent bearing mother branch to a medium degree, the new tip growing at the top end completely naturally drops, and when the new tip grows to silver flowers in lonicera hypoglauca mountain close to the ground in a downward-hanging mode, fence-type trimming is performed at a position 120cm away from the ground by using lawn shears; when pruning is carried out in winter, only the first cultured nutrient branch in the last year is reserved, 5-8 sections of single branches are reserved for updating, all other branches which have fruit bearing are mechanically pruned, the nutrient branches are uniformly distributed and guided on a first horizontal vine bearing line after the surface of a frame is cleaned, and the first path is the same as the first path which is closest to the growing direction of the nutrient branches;

(5-1.1) management of soil surface: after the soil surface of the tree tray uses the glufosinate chemical herbicide to control weeds, the agricultural film is covered; the weeds with certain thickness can be kept by manually mowing in the growing season in the area outside the tree disc or between ditches, so that the effects of drought prevention, moisture preservation and orchard climate regulation are achieved;

(5-2.3) after harvesting, performing management work mainly for disease prevention and leaf protection in the leaf falling period, spraying 1: 0.5: 200 Bordeaux solution +1% urea solution to prevent various diseases and supplement leaf nitrogen nutrition, and if migratory pests such as leafhoppers are harmful, using chemical pesticides for prevention and control

(5-4.4) chemical control: powdery mildew easily occurs when the growth period of new buds and buds in spring meets drought climate, high-efficiency and low-toxicity ethirimol wettable powder, enestroburin or propiconazole are selected for spraying prevention when necessary, and 0.36% of matrine aqueous solution, 1% of azadirachtin or 1% of celastrol botanical insecticide can be selected for preventing and treating thrips and aphids;

Comparative example 1

Only the long and noble kiwi fruits are planted in the crops, and the rest operation and management are completely the same as those in the example 1.

Comparative example 2

The operation and management of the crop are completely the same as those of the example 1 except that only lonicera hypoglauca miq is planted, and the drainage and irrigation system facilities are not erected and installed.

Statistics are given to the cost per acre directly input and the sales income of fresh raw materials in example 1(C), comparative example 1(A) and comparative example 2(B), and the results are shown in Table 1:

TABLE 1 comparison table of input-output effects of different cultivation modes

The harvest, storage and processing of the Guichang kiwi fruit comprise: the harvesting and processing are key steps in the whole management link of the Guichang Chinese gooseberries, accurate yield estimation is needed, channels for sale and processing are dredged, and preparation related to the harvesting and processing is made in advance. The kiwi fruits with different purposes are required to be harvested with different maturity; and (4) standard harvesting: the harvesting is carried out after the content of the soluble solid reaches 7.5 percent, so that the storage property, the shelf life and the flavor quality after the soft ripening of the fruits are better; harvesting in due time: the date from blooming to harvesting of the Actinidia polygama is generally 120-150 days, the growth periods of fruits in different planting environments and regions are greatly different, and the mature period starts from 9 middle of the month to 10 months. The early-picked kiwi fruits have less nutrient accumulation, the sugar content and the acidity can not reach the standard, and the flavor of the original variety is lost after the kiwi fruits are soft and ripe. High starch content and easy taste change during the conversion process. The fruits are picked in sunny morning and evening or cloudy weather, so that the fruits are prevented from being picked at high temperature in noon, otherwise, a large amount of field heat is absorbed by the fruits and is not dissipated, the softening of the fruits is easy to accelerate, the fruits are not suitable to be picked when raining, heavy fog and dew are not dry, and the damp surfaces of the fruits are favorable for pathogenic bacteria infection. Removing the bag before picking: if the kiwi fruit which is managed by bagging is preferably removed 5-7 days before picking, the surface of the peel is hyperchromic under the irradiation of sunlight, the appearance of green fruits is avoided, the sugar content of the fruits can be improved, and the quality of the fruits is improved. The harvesting method comprises the following steps: when picking fruits, holding the fruits by hands, slightly pressing the fruit handles with fingers, breaking off the fruits at the position close to the fruits, and slightly taking and placing the fruits to avoid stabbing, pressing and bruising the fruits as much as possible. In order to avoid damage caused by fruit picking, fruit picking personnel should cut nails short and smooth, wear soft gloves, and spread soft bedding on wooden boxes, fruit baskets and the like to avoid fruit bruising. Storing the Guichang kiwi fruits: can be stored in a cool environment for several weeks without refrigeration, but refrigeration is necessary to maintain good commercial value for a long period of time, reduce wastage and adjust marketing volume. Under the condition of refrigeration, the kiwi fruits can be stored for more than 4-6 months, and under the condition of modified atmosphere storage, the kiwi fruits can be stored for more than 6-8 months. The storage life of the harvested fruits is longest when the soluble solid content is 7% -9%, and the best method for storing and preserving the kiwi fruits is to pre-cool and then cool.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A kiwi fruit and lonicera confusa cultivation method by combined utilization of time-space soil is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:

(1) land selection and preparation: selecting a slope of 0-25 degrees according to the topography and landform of the mountain and hilly land, wherein the slope is in the south direction, the southwest direction or the southeast direction, and the area suitable for planting kiwi fruits and lonicera confusa is used as a garden;

(2) building a frame: installing a frame for cultivating open-air wide-top T-shaped kiwi fruits according to the range of 2-4 m of plant spacing and 3.0-4.0 m of row spacing of the kiwi fruits, arranging an upright post at each interval of 3-4 m in the horizontal equal-height transverse direction, arranging an upright post at each interval of 3.0-4.0 m in the longitudinal direction, pulling a multi-strand steel strand between each row of upright posts in the longitudinal direction to serve as a bus i, arranging the multi-strand steel strands at the position of 180cm of height of the upright posts, and pulling a multi-strand steel strand between each row of upright posts in the transverse direction to serve as a bus ii; taking a bus ii as a center, arranging a plurality of steel wires at equal intervals on the left side and the right side of the bus ii as vine bearing wires, and directly fixing the vine bearing wires on the bus i by using thin iron wires;

(3) cultivating and cultivating planting ditches or planting holes according to the same horizontal contour line on the ground with the vertical projection of the stand constructed by the upright posts, the bus bars and the vine bearing lines in the step (1), wherein the plant spacing is 2-4 m, the row spacing is 3.0-4.0 m, the planting ditches or the planting holes are loose and fertilized soil, each plant is averagely more than 0.5 cubic meter, the planting holes are 4/5 underground, and the depth (60-80 cm) of the planting ditches or the planting holes is multiplied by the width of 100 cm; before surface soil backfilling, adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.5-6.5; during backfilling, 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 20-30kg of mixed farmyard manure are needed to be used for each cubic meter of acid soil, and the preparation and the waiting for planting are completed 30-60 days before planting;

(4) planting two crops in each hole according to the plant spacing and the row spacing planned in the step (3), wherein one crop is kiwi fruit, the other crop is lonicera confusa, a planting point is arranged at the central position of a planting ditch or a planting hole, a planting hole is dug to be 30-40cm square, the plant spacing is 20cm, planting is carried out according to requirements, a grafting opening is 5-10cm higher than the ground, and the kiwi fruit is used as a pollinator according to 1 male plant variety with similar flowering period in each 8 female plants;

after the kiwi fruits grow, putting the kiwi fruit vines on vine bearing lines, and growing the lonicera confusa variety on the inter-plant inter-row ground under the shelf surface or climbing to cover the rock surface; the kiwi fruit variety is disease-resistant, damp-heat resistant, noble and long kiwi fruit, and the lonicera confusa is drought-resistant, damp-heat resistant, lonicera confusa;

(5) pruning, soil fertilizer and water management and pest control of the young tree period and the production period of the kiwi fruit and the lonicera confusa are respectively operated according to the requirement of simplifying cultivation management; the light simplified cultivation management requirement of the kiwi fruits comprises the following operation steps:

selecting and reserving strong young shoots after field planting to be vertically bound as main stem cultivation of kiwi fruit, lightly pinching the young shoots for the first time when the young shoots grow to exceed 100cm above the ground, selecting and reserving a young shoot with a strong top end to continue upward cultivation, when the young shoots exceed a generatrix ii by 10-20cm, heavily shearing and pinching the young shoots for the second time at a position 5cm-10cm below the generatrix ii, selecting and reserving 2 strong young shoots to respectively horizontally guide and bind and extend along the generatrix ii in the left-right direction, and directly using the young shoots as main vine cultivation; a new tip extending from the main vine on the bus bar ii is pinched once every time the extension is 40cm until the new tip is connected with the adjacent main vine of the plant, namely the main vine is cultured in a full frame way;

selecting a robust new tip at intervals of 35-40 cm on each side of the main vine by taking an auxiliary leaf pinching measure for every 3-4 leaves of the main vine, culturing the robust new tip into a fruiting mother branch, pinching the fruiting mother branch new tip once every 8-10 leaves at intervals of 30-40cm, leading and binding the fruiting mother branch new tip on a transverse first vine bearing line, uniformly distributing and leading and binding the fruiting mother branch new tip on a second horizontal vine bearing line along with the extension of the new tip to 40cm, and leaving a leaf pinching on an auxiliary tip of a branch except a top new tip; pinching the top new tips of the horizontal vine bearing lines beyond the second path, and trimming when the new tips grown again at the top end naturally droop after pinching and the wild honeysuckle growing to be close to the ground; wherein, compared with the young shoots of the resulting mother branches, the first shoot is closest to the growing direction of the young shoots, and the second shoot is adjacent to the first shoot in the extending direction of the young shoots;

after the cultivation of the main trunk and the main tendrils is completed, the first new shoot closest to the main tendrils is selected as a nutrition branch to be cultivated into a fruiting mother branch in the second year every year, the new shoot and the main tendrils grow in parallel, every 6-8 leaf pinching is performed once, when the new shoot grows to 35-45cm, the new shoot is attached to the adjacent fruiting mother branch along the direction, the middle pinching degree is performed on the top end of the new shoot of the adjacent fruiting mother branch, the top end grows new shoots to be completely naturally drooped, and the new shoots are pruned when the new shoots grow to the honeysuckle of the lonicera hypoglauca miq near the ground; when pruning is carried out in winter, only the first cultured nutrient branch in the last year is reserved, 5-8 sections of single branches are reserved for updating, all other branches which have fruit are pruned, the nutrient branches are uniformly distributed and guided on a first horizontal line vine bearing line after the surface of a frame is cleaned, and the first path is the same as the first path which is closest to the growing direction of the nutrient branches;

when inflorescences appear when other young shoots grow 10cm-20cm except for the first young shoot cultured on the fruiting mother branch in the next year, selecting and reserving horizontally or obliquely upwards grown medieval to strong flowering young shoots and fixing the young shoots as fruiting branches; the total fixed tips per square meter is 12-14, the distance between the new tips is 15-20 cm, and the principle of maximum utilization efficiency of unit area space of each side, no mutual shading and convenient management is taken as fixed tip and tip retaining; selecting 1-3 fruiting branches between the first horizontal line and main vines in parallel and guiding to adjacent fruiting mother branches, selecting 2-4 fruiting branches between the second horizontal line and guiding to the second horizontal line, wherein the first path is closest to the fruiting branch growing direction, and the second path is adjacent to the first path in the fruiting branch extending direction;

3-6 leaf pinching is left before the inflorescence at the top of the bearing branch of the grown-up delivery tree or young fruit, one to two lateral buds growing at the top of the bearing branch are left, 4-5 leaf pinching is left, and redundant lateral buds are timely erased; the bearing branches and the vine bearing lines are parallelly bound on the adjacent old branches along the binding direction, and the ratio of the nutrient branches to the bearing branches is 1: 6-8;

2-3 inflorescences of a plurality of inflorescences grow separately at the axilla of the same leaf, a female flower bud with the largest center is left, and the rest are thinned;

1-5 fruits are reserved on each bearing branch according to the condition of strong and weak, the fruit expansion period is 40-50 days after blooming, 35-45 fruits can be set and reserved in each square meter of effective area, and the fruit setting and the fruit reserving are carried out at 8-11 am and 3-7 pm in sunny days;

during the growth period, the leaf management is carried out with the leaf-fruit ratio of the functional leaves being 6:1 after flowering and fruit setting and before harvesting, so as to ensure ventilation and light transmission; after harvesting, cutting out branches, particularly weak branches and over-dense branches which have fruits, which are nearest to the main vines and are cultured to be branches except for branch vegetative branches bearing fruits in the second year in time;

(6) harvesting: harvesting, processing and selling Lonicera hypoglauca Miq in batches at different stages during the period from April to May; according to the growth characteristics and market demands of the Guichang Chinese gooseberries, the Chinese gooseberries are harvested in batches by stages.

2. The method for cultivating kiwi fruit and lonicera confusa according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the area suitable for planting the kiwi fruits and the lonicera confusa in the step (1) is a soil area with the average temperature of 11.3-20 ℃ per year, the effective accumulated temperature of more than 10 ℃ of 4500-5600 ℃, the frost-free period of 160-270 days, the sunshine duration of 1300-plus 2600 hours, the annual rainfall of 1000-plus 1900mm, the relative air humidity of more than 75 percent, and the acid or slightly acid soil layer which is deep, fertile, loose and high in humus content.

3. The cultivation method of kiwi fruit and lonicera confusa according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the upright column in the step (2) is a square cement column with the width of 8cm-10cm and the length of 2500cm and is internally provided with 4 No. 6 steel bars; the stranded steel wire is 7 stranded steel wires with nominal diameter of 6.9-9.6 mm, and the nominal tensile strength is greater than 39.84N/mm²(ii) a The steel wire vine-supporting line is an eight-to ten-size aluminum-clad steel wire or a galvanized anti-rust steel wire.

4. The cultivation method of kiwi fruit and lonicera confusa according to claim 1, wherein the kiwi fruit soil fertilizer and water management in the step (5) comprises the following operation steps:

(5-1.1) management of soil surface: after the soil surface of the tree disc is used for preventing and controlling weeds, covering with an agricultural film or removed weeds; manually mowing in the area outside the tree disc or between trench rows in the growing season;

(5-1.2) fertilizer management: determining the total fertilizing amount by combining the planned target yield of the second year according to the comprehensive factors of the fertilizer requirement rule of the growth of the kiwi fruits, the fertilizer variety, the utilization rate of the fertilizer, the tree vigor growth condition and the soil condition of hilly and mountainous regions, fertilizing soil of the delivery tree for 3 times every year, wherein the kiwi fruits are fleshy root systems, and preferably operating when the soil is moist after rain for each fertilization, so that the damage to the root systems is reduced;

recovering fertilizer after harvesting after 1 time of harvesting, applying 600-1000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu according to the yield target of every 1000kg, mixing 9kg of converted chemical fertilizer, 14kg of pure phosphorus and 7kg of pure potassium fertilizer, combining intertillage and digging radial ditches deeply at the tree disc and the periphery for 20-40 cm, and reserving ditches 12 centimeters away from the ground after fertilizing and returning soil;

applying tip-accelerating and flower-promoting fertilizers 7-10 days in the early stage of flowering and pollination of kiwi fruits at the 2 nd time, applying 100kg of commercial bio-organic fertilizer per mu according to the yield target of every 1000kg, mixing the converted fertilizers with 6kg of slow-release pure nitrogen, 2kg of pure phosphorus and 2.8kg of pure potassium fertilizer, and spreading the fertilizers into a first reserved fertilizing ditch to cover 6cm of thin soil;

applying fertilizer for promoting fruit and strengthening fruit 10-20 days after flowering and pollination of kiwi fruits for the 3 rd time, applying 200kg of commercial bio-organic fertilizer per mu according to the yield target of every 1000kg, mixing the fertilizer obtained after conversion into slow-release pure nitrogen of 3.6kg, pure phosphorus of 4.0kg and pure potassium of 4.2kg, spreading the fertilizer into a first reserved fertilizing ditch and covering 6cm of thin soil, and covering the fertilizing ditch with soil to level the tree disc ground after the last fertilization;

(5-1.3) moisture management: after fertilization, water must be supplemented in time when the weather is continuous and dry, and water needs to be drained when soil waterlogging occurs in a continuous rainy period; before harvesting, attention should be paid to water control to facilitate accumulation of sugar.

5. The cultivation method of kiwi fruit and lonicera confusa according to claim 1, wherein the pest and disease prevention of kiwi fruit in the step (5) mainly adopts 'active prevention' of agricultural control, biological control, physical control and chemical control, and comprises the following operation steps:

(5-2.1) in the dormancy stage to the germination stage, strengthening winter garden cleaning, whitening the surface of a root system, a trunk, a main vine and a large cut to prevent freezing damage of a fruit tree, wherein the whitening agent is prepared by 10 parts of quicklime, 2 parts of lime stone, 1 part of salt and 35 parts of water according to the proportion, after the fruit tree falls off leaves and is cut in winter, mixed wetting medicine soil is prepared by using 1000 times of 30% DT suspension 100 times and 3% carbofuran granules to cover the neck of the root, and when the average lint exposure rate of bearing branches is 5%, 45% crystal sulfur mixture 300 times is directionally sprayed on bearing branches on the main vine to prevent root rot, canker, flower rot and scale insects;

(5-2.2) selecting the bactericide bismerthiazol, fluazinam, oxine-copper, chlorothalonil, petasite, mancozeb, Sunweigyonglv, junctite or Kate from the budding and leaf spreading to the harvest time, selecting the biocontrol agent bacillus subtilis EM microbial inoculum, zhongshengmycin, beauveria bassiana and bacillus thuringiensis, selecting the insecticide acaricide thiamethoxam, bifenthrin, imidacloprid, buprofezin and matrine to control corresponding plant diseases and insect pests, and alternately matching the pesticides;

(5-2.3) after harvesting, performing management work mainly for disease prevention and leaf protection in a leaf falling period, and spraying a 1: 0.5: 200 Bordeaux mixture solution and 1% urea solution to prevent various diseases and supplement leaf nitrogen nutrition.

6. The method for cultivating actinidia chinensis and lonicera confusa as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pruning of lonicera confusa in step (5) comprises: after field planting, the branches are subjected to cloth swinging traction in the growth period and are uniformly and reasonably distributed; pruning weak branches, diseased branches, dead branches, old branches, dense branches and overgrown branches in the plants in autumn and winter every year; and after the delivery period, a shaping method for stabilizing the diameter of the crown is adopted, the shaping is carried out before the sprouting in spring, and the selected and remained branches are completely retracted to the base of the first-batch flowering branch in the previous year, and two to three-section heavy shears are remained.

7. The cultivation method of kiwi fruit and lonicera confusa as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil fertilizer and water management of lonicera confusa in step (5) comprises the following steps:

(5-3.1) managing the soil surface, wherein the soil surface of the tree disc can be manually weeded or covered with an agricultural film or dry-branch deciduous weeds after the weeds are prevented and controlled by using a glufosinate-ammonium chemical herbicide; manually mowing in the area outside the tree disc or between ditches in growing seasons;

(5-3.2) fertilizer management: fertilizing for 2 times every year after delivery, respectively topdressing in early spring of 6 months and after flower buds are harvested, fertilizing for 6kg of nitrogenous fertilizer, 4kg of quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, 6kg of potash fertilizer, 0.4g of boron and 0.1g of molybdenum fertilizer per mu in early spring, and managing shallow intertillage topdressing by combining with a tree disc; after flower buds are harvested, radial ditches are dug in a combined mode to be deeply applied for 10-30cm on a tree disc and the periphery, deep ploughing positions are alternated year by year, 300 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 5kg of nitrogenous fertilizer, 10kg of slow-acting phosphate fertilizer and 5kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu of land, and disease and insect prevention and spraying of foliar fertilizer can be combined in the growth and bud stage of new shoots;

(5-3.3) moisture management: the water management of kiwi fruit cultivation is taken as the main point, the lonicera confusa belongs to crops in the same season of rain and heat, and has strong drought resistance, no waterlogging resistance and water drainage and waterlogging prevention in rainy seasons.

8. The cultivation method of kiwi fruit and lonicera confusa according to claim 1, wherein the pest and disease prevention of lonicera confusa in the step (5) mainly adopts comprehensive measures of agricultural control, biological control, physical control and chemical control, and comprises the following operation steps:

(5-4.1) the agricultural control mainly comprises pruning, applying phosphorus potassium fertilizer additionally, cleaning the field and reducing the base number of insect sources;