CN103875501A - Method for yearly pruning apocarya for multiple bearing branch cultivation - Google Patents
Method for yearly pruning apocarya for multiple bearing branch cultivation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for yearly pruning apocarya for multiple bearing branch cultivation. The method comprises the steps that in the last ten-day of December, long branches (longer than 100 cm) of whole apocarya saplings growing for five years are pruned one second shorter and medium length branches (longer than 50 cm and shorter than 100 cm) are pruned one third shorter; in the middle ten days of March of the second year, long vertical branches with the diameter lager than 1.5 cm are girdled and prosperous branches with the diameter larger than 1 cm and smaller than 1.5 cm are ringed; in the middle ten days of June, one third of a whole shoot of each new vertical prosperous shoot of each tree higher than 50 cm is removed. A whole set of pruning measures are conducted on the saplings growing for five years and fertilizer and water management and disease and pest control are conducted in cooperation after the branches are pruned, multiple bearing branches of the apocarya can be cultivated in the third year.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit growing field, relate to a kind of annual trimming method of apocarya (branch band girdle girdling+summer pinching in cutting back+spring in winter) of cultivating large result branch.
Background technology
What the present invention relates to is to cultivate the annual pruning technique of a large amount of apocarya fruit bearing shoot, comprises then cutting back in winter, the girdling of Second Year branch in spring band girdle, three sport technique segments of summer pinching.
Apocarya generally forms buds result by the terminal bud of brachyplast (length is less than 30cm).Though the domestic apocarya grafting breeding Miao Jian garden of having realized is at present comparatively extensive to the management of apocarya treelet, does not substantially prune, general 7-8 is just shown in fruit, causes production cost too high, and efficiency is too low.Main cause is that the elongation growth of vegetative shoot is preponderated because the apical dominance of treelet is fairly obvious, and the germination rate of lateral bud is lower, and the brachyplast of formation is less, causes fruit bearing shoot to form more late, and negligible amounts is unfavorable for early real high yield.Therefore, need to break by pruning the apical dominance of tree body, the basis of cultivating a large amount of brachyplasts and think fruit bearing shoot.
The trimming measures such as cutting back, band girdle, girdling, pinching all can be broken apical dominance, regulate the balance of nourishing and growing with reproductive growth, promote the sprouting of lateral bud, control tree body and cross prosperous growth, the quality and quantity of brachyplast in raising, thereby the formation of promotion fruit bearing shoot.The cutting back of suitable intensity can promote more sprouting of lateral bud to form brachyplast.Band girdle, girdling can suppress to set the prosperous length of body, easily form more tubbiness branch.Pinching can promote lateral bud to sprout into brachyplast then.But due to the rudiment power of different tree species, become a lot of aspects such as principal stresses, dryness power there are differences, therefore the period of these prunings, position, intensity are also different, if pruning blindly, not only do not reach expected effect, weakening tree vigo(u)r that also can be serious, suppress tree bulk-growth, reduce the achievement amount of blooming.Therefore study the impact of these trimming measures on apocarya result, especially specifically prune practice and the corresponding cultivation management measure of period, position, intensity, particularly important for the industrialized development of apocarya.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is less mainly for over growth, the fruit bearing shoot of apocarya treelet existence, result is crossed the problems such as late, and a kind of annual trimming method (branch band girdle girdling+summer pinching in cutting back+spring in winter) of cultivating a large amount of apocarya fruit bearing shoot is provided.
Object of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
An annual trimming method for large scale cultivating apocarya fruit bearing shoot, comprises the steps:
(1) in late December, 5 years all long shoots of raw treelet of apocarya are carried out to cutting back;
(2) after Second Year apocarya mid-March treelet exhibition leaf, more upright prosperous long shoot bar is carried out to band girdle girdling;
(3) mid-June, the upright prosperous extending shoot of whole strain is extractd to the whole tip 1/3 length;
Wherein, after late December cutting back pruning, every tree soil is executed 20-40kg chicken manure and 1～5kg slow-release fertilizer; After pruning mid-March, mid-June, every tree imposes composite fertilizer, additional 400～600g rare-earth fertilizer that sprays; Organize artificial capture method and trapping lamp trapping moth dryness insect.
Step (1) is preferable over late December then the 5 years whole strain long shoot of raw treelet bars of apocarya is carried out to 1/2 cutting back pruning, moderate-length branch 1/3 cutting back pruning.
Described long shoot bar is preferably the branch that length is greater than 100cm; Described moderate-length branch is preferably the branch of length between 50-100cm.
Step (2) is preferable over after Second Year apocarya mid-March treelet exhibition leaf, and the above more upright long shoot of diameter 1.5cm is carried out to band girdle, and band girdle width is 2mm, deeply reaches xylem but does not injure xylem; Prosperous long shoot to diameter 1-1.5cm carries out girdling, carves wound 1 circle at branch base portion, deeply reaches xylem but does not injure xylem, and treatment sites is wrapped up with preservative film.Wherein more upright long shoot is to press from both sides the long shoot bar of 70 °-90 ° with horizontal plane.
Step (3) is preferable over extracts the whole tip 1/3 length to prosperous extending shoot more than 50cm mid-June.
The nitrogen of described slow-release fertilizer: phosphorus: the molar ratio of potassium element is: 14:13:13, slow-release period: 5-6 month; " green No. 5 difficult to understand " slow-release fertilizer that preferably Scotts company produces.
Described rare-earth fertilizer is rare-earth fertilizer or the RE microbial fertilizer of the conventional commercially available any manufacturer production in this area, " green overlord " board high-tech rare-earth fertilizer that preferably Baotou factory of Ruo Ersi composite fertilizer produces.
Above-mentioned three kinds of trimming measures, in conjunction with carrying out, can be cultivated a large amount of apocarya result branches to the 3rd year, more not pruning tree increases 70%-80%.
Key point of the present invention
(1) winter the branch that is greater than two kinds of length between 100cm and 50-100cm is carried out respectively to 1/2 and 1/3 cutting back pruning;
(2) open up after leaf the branch that diameter is greater than to two kinds of different rugosity between 1.5cm and 1-1.5cm spring and carry out respectively band girdle and girdling, band girdle width is 2mm, girdling is carved wound 1 circle at branch base portion, all will deeply reach xylem but not injure xylem, and treatment sites is wrapped up with preservative film;
(3) summer prosperous extending shoot more than 50cm is extractd to the whole tip 1/3 length;
(4), after cutting back pruning in winter, every tree soil is executed 20-40kg chicken manure and 2kg slow-release fertilizer (imported from America, trade name " green No. 5 difficult to understand ", composition: nitrogen: phosphorus: the ratio of potassium is: 14:13:13.Slow-release period: 5-6 month); After spring, summer pruning, every tree imposes composite fertilizer, the additional 500g rare-earth fertilizer (" green overlord " board high-tech rare-earth fertilizer that Baotou factory of Ruo Ersi composite fertilizer produces, is made up of 17 kinds of elements) that sprays.Organize the moth dryness insect such as artificial capture method and trapping lamp trapping longicorn.
By above-mentioned every complete sets of Techniques, can cultivate a large amount of apocarya fruit bearing shoot.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
By applying above-mentioned a series of trimming measure, and coordinate rich water quality management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, final every pruning is set in the 3rd annual and has been formed 48 fruit bearing shoot, and more not pruning tree increases 45%-55%, and fruit yield improves 200%-250%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 the inventive method process chart.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The annual trimming method of apocarya of cultivating large result branch, as described in Figure 1, concrete steps are as follows for process chart:
(1) on December 26th, 2009,70 apocaryas ' Ma Han ' the 5 years whole strain long shoot of raw treelet bar (length is greater than 100cm) is carried out to 1/2 cutting back pruning, moderate-length branch (50-100cm) 1/3 cutting back pruning, thin and delicate branch is slow to be put.
(2) on March 18th, 2010, the above more upright long shoot of whole strain diameter 1.5cm is carried out to band girdle, the prosperous long shoot that is 1cm-1.5cm to diameter carries out girdling.
(3), on June 16th, 2010, upright prosperous extending shoot more than whole strain 50cm is extractd to the whole tip 1/3 length.
(4), after cutting back pruning in winter, every tree soil is executed 20kg chicken manure and 2kg slow-release fertilizer (production of Scotts company, trade name " green No. 5 difficult to understand ", composition: nitrogen: phosphorus: the molar ratio of potassium is: 14:13:13.Slow-release period: 5-6 month); After spring, summer pruning, every tree imposes composite fertilizer's (commercially available any brand), the additional 500g rare-earth fertilizer (" green overlord " board high-tech rare-earth fertilizer that Baotou factory of Ruo Ersi composite fertilizer produces, is made up of 17 kinds of elements) that sprays.Organize the moth dryness insect such as artificial capture method and trapping lamp trapping longicorn.Except trimming measure, contrast tree is taked same rich water quality management and cultivation step with pruning tree.
Prune and coordinate rich water quality management by above-mentioned three kinds, in 2011, pruning tree and form 52 fruit bearing shoot for average every, more not pruning the height of tree and go out 55%, fruit yield improves 250%.
Embodiment 2
(1) on December 20th, 2010,70 apocaryas ' Ma Han ' the 5 years whole strain long shoot of raw treelet bar (length is greater than 100cm) is carried out to 1/2 cutting back pruning, moderate-length branch (50-100cm) 1/3 cutting back pruning.
(2) on March 10th, 2011, the above more upright long shoot of whole strain diameter 1.5cm is carried out to band girdle, the prosperous long shoot of diameter 1cm-1.5cm is carried out to girdling.
(3), on June 15th, 2011, upright prosperous extending shoot more than whole strain 50cm is extractd to the whole tip 1/3 length.
(4), after cutting back pruning in winter, every tree soil is executed 30kg chicken manure and 2kg slow-release fertilizer (production of Scotts company, trade name " green No. 5 difficult to understand ", composition: nitrogen: phosphorus: the molar ratio of potassium is: 14:13:13.Slow-release period: 5-6 month); After spring, summer pruning, every tree imposes composite fertilizer's (commercially available any brand), the additional 500g rare-earth fertilizer (" green overlord " board high-tech rare-earth fertilizer that Baotou factory of Ruo Ersi composite fertilizer produces, is made up of 17 kinds of elements) that sprays.Organize the moth dryness insect such as artificial capture method and trapping lamp trapping longicorn.Except trimming measure, contrast tree is taked same rich water quality management and cultivation step with pruning tree.
Prune and coordinate rich water quality management by above-mentioned three kinds, to spring in 2012, prune tree and form 44 fruit bearing shoot for average every, more do not prune the height of tree and go out 45%, fruit yield improves 200%.
Embodiment 3
(1) on December 24th, 2011,100 apocaryas ' Ma Han ' the 5 years whole strain long shoot of raw treelet bar (length is greater than 100cm) is carried out to 1/2 cutting back pruning, moderate-length branch (50-100cm) 1/3 cutting back pruning.
(2) on March 15th, 2012, the above more upright long shoot of whole strain diameter 1.5cm is carried out to band girdle, the prosperous long shoot of diameter 1-1.5cm is carried out to girdling.
(3), on June 14th, 2012, upright prosperous extending shoot more than whole strain 50cm is extractd to the whole tip 1/3 length.
(4), after cutting back pruning in winter, every tree soil is executed 40kg chicken manure (commercially available any brand) and 2kg slow-release fertilizer (production of Scotts company, trade name " green No. 5 difficult to understand ", composition: nitrogen: phosphorus: the molar ratio of potassium is: 14:13:13.Slow-release period: 5-6 month); After spring, summer pruning, every tree imposes composite fertilizer's (commercially available any brand), the additional 500g rare-earth fertilizer (" green overlord " board high-tech rare-earth fertilizer that Baotou factory of Ruo Ersi composite fertilizer produces, is made up of 17 kinds of elements) that sprays.Organize the moth dryness insect such as artificial capture method and trapping lamp trapping longicorn.Except trimming measure, contrast tree is taked same rich water quality management and cultivation step with pruning tree.
Prune and coordinate rich water quality management by above-mentioned three kinds, to spring in 2013, prune tree and form 49 fruit bearing shoot for average every, more do not prune the height of tree and go out 48%, fruit yield improves 230%.
Claims (8)
1. an annual trimming method for large scale cultivating apocarya fruit bearing shoot, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) in late December, 5 years all long shoots of raw treelet of apocarya are carried out to cutting back;
(2) after Second Year apocarya mid-March treelet exhibition leaf, more upright prosperous long shoot bar is carried out to band girdle girdling;
(3) mid-June, the upright prosperous extending shoot of whole strain is extractd to the whole tip 1/3 length;
Wherein, after late December cutting back pruning, every tree soil is executed 20～40kg chicken manure and 1～5kg slow-release fertilizer; After pruning mid-March, mid-June, every tree imposes composite fertilizer, additional 400～600g rare-earth fertilizer that sprays; Organize artificial capture method and trapping lamp trapping moth dryness insect.
2. annual trimming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that step (1) is in late December is carried out 1/2 cutting back pruning, moderate-length branch 1/3 cutting back pruning to the 5 years whole strain long shoot of raw treelet bars of apocarya then.
3. annual trimming method according to claim 2, is characterized in that described long shoot bar is the branch that length is greater than 100cm; Described moderate-length branch is the branch of length between 50～100cm.
4. annual trimming method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that step (2) is after Second Year apocarya mid-March treelet exhibition leaf, the above more upright long shoot of diameter 1.5cm is carried out to band girdle, and band girdle width is 2mm, deeply reaches xylem but does not injure xylem; Prosperous long shoot to diameter 1～1.5cm carries out girdling, carves wound 1 circle at branch base portion, deeply reaches xylem but does not injure xylem, and treatment sites is wrapped up with preservative film; Described more upright long shoot is to be the long shoot bar of 70 °～90 ° with horizontal plane angle.
5. the annual trimming method of large scale cultivating apocarya fruit bearing shoot according to claim 1, is characterized in that step (3) extracts the whole tip 1/3 length mid-June to prosperous extending shoot more than 50cm.
6. annual trimming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that after late December cutting back pruning, and every tree soil is executed 20～40kg chicken manure and 2kg slow-release fertilizer; After pruning mid-March, mid-June, every tree imposes composite fertilizer, the additional 500g rare-earth fertilizer that sprays.
7. according to the annual trimming method described in claim 1 or 6, it is characterized in that the nitrogen of described slow-release fertilizer: phosphorus: the molar ratio of potassium element is: 14:13:13, slow-release period: 5～6 months; " green No. 5 difficult to understand " slow-release fertilizer that preferably Scotts company produces.
8. according to the annual trimming method described in claim 1 or 6, it is characterized in that described rare-earth fertilizer is rare-earth fertilizer or the RE microbial fertilizer of the conventional commercially available any manufacturer production in this area, " green overlord " board high-tech rare-earth fertilizer that preferably Baotou factory of Ruo Ersi composite fertilizer produces.
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Cited By (11)
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| CN104145771A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-11-19 | 云南省林业技术推广总站 | Method for promoting late-fruiting walnut tree to fruit earlier and increase production through spiral girdling |
| CN104542159A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-04-29 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for quickly cultivating carya pecan tree crown |
| CN104641911A (en) * | 2015-02-28 | 2015-05-27 | 蔡炜 | Method for breeding hickory seedlings |
| CN105248029A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2016-01-20 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Fertilizing method of Carya illinoensis trees |
| CN105850645A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-08-17 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Cultivation method for increasing walnut yield |
| CN106576959A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-04-26 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Topping method for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN107371967A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-11-24 | 阜阳市新丰种业有限公司 | A kind of trimming measure of apocarya |
| CN107926424A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-04-20 | 泗洪县科晖现代农业发展生态园 | A kind of method that apocarya high yield tree-shaped is cultivated |
| CN108476845A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-09-04 | 江苏林丰绿化工程有限公司 | Apocarya tree crown directed cultivation method |
| CN108605639A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-10-02 | 苏州蓝碧农产品发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of walnut |
| CN110800534A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-18 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | Hickory branch tip culture method suitable for southern areas |
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| CN104145771B (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-05-18 | 云南省林业技术推广总站 | A kind of spiral band girdle promotes late real walnut to do sth. in advance the method for solid volume increase |
| CN104145771A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-11-19 | 云南省林业技术推广总站 | Method for promoting late-fruiting walnut tree to fruit earlier and increase production through spiral girdling |
| CN104542159A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-04-29 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for quickly cultivating carya pecan tree crown |
| CN104641911A (en) * | 2015-02-28 | 2015-05-27 | 蔡炜 | Method for breeding hickory seedlings |
| CN105248029B (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2018-05-29 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | A kind of fertilizing method of thin shell mountain pecan peach |
| CN105248029A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2016-01-20 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Fertilizing method of Carya illinoensis trees |
| CN105850645A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-08-17 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Cultivation method for increasing walnut yield |
| CN105850645B (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2019-04-26 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of cultural method improving walnut yield |
| CN106576959A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-04-26 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Topping method for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN107371967A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-11-24 | 阜阳市新丰种业有限公司 | A kind of trimming measure of apocarya |
| CN107926424A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-04-20 | 泗洪县科晖现代农业发展生态园 | A kind of method that apocarya high yield tree-shaped is cultivated |
| CN108476845A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-09-04 | 江苏林丰绿化工程有限公司 | Apocarya tree crown directed cultivation method |
| CN108476845B (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2019-12-24 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Directional cultivation method for carya illinoensis crown |
| CN108605639A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-10-02 | 苏州蓝碧农产品发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of walnut |
| CN110800534A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-18 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | Hickory branch tip culture method suitable for southern areas |
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