CN102933809B - 排气管 - Google Patents

排气管 Download PDF

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CN102933809B
CN102933809B CN201180024515.XA CN201180024515A CN102933809B CN 102933809 B CN102933809 B CN 102933809B CN 201180024515 A CN201180024515 A CN 201180024515A CN 102933809 B CN102933809 B CN 102933809B
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outlet pipe
emission control
exhaust emission
control catalyst
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CN102933809A (zh
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小野寺贵夫
景山游大
大原功
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Hino Motors Ltd
Isuzu Motors Ltd
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2853Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2853Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
    • F01N3/2867Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing the mats or gaskets being placed at the front or end face of catalyst body
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/18Ammonia
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

一种排气管,能够通过简单的构成,来防止还原剂浸透到排气净化催化剂的支承部件中,并且能够有效地抑制由于支承部件的膨胀而排气净化催化剂破损。在该排气管(10)中,经由支承部件(20)而内设有排气净化催化剂(30),该排气净化催化剂(30)通过供给的还原剂将从内燃机排出的排气中的氮化物还原净化,在该排气管(10)中,在比排气净化催化剂(30)更靠上游侧的内周面上设置有阻挡部(15),该阻挡部(15)防止还原剂向排气净化催化剂(30)浸透。

Description

排气管
技术领域
本发明涉及一种排气管,具有通过供给的还原剂将从内燃机排出的排气中的氮化物还原净化的排气净化催化剂。
背景技术
作为将从柴油机(内燃机)排出的排气中的氮化物(以下称为NOx)还原净化的排气净化催化剂,例如已知有选择还原型NOx催化剂(以下称为SCR催化剂)、吸藏还原型NOx催化剂(以下称为LNT催化剂)。
SCR催化剂通过促进作为还原剂供给的氨(NH3)与NOx的还原反应,来将排气中的NOx还原净化。此外,LNT催化剂通过使废气成为稀混合气氛而吸藏排气中的NOx,并且利用作为还原剂供给的燃料(HC)使排气成为浓混合气氛而放出吸藏的NOx,由此利用排气中的CO、HC、H2等将NOx还原净化。为了将作为这种还原剂的氨、燃料向排气净化催化剂供给,而采用在比排气净化催化剂靠上游侧的排气管中设置了还原剂喷射阀的构造。
例如,专利文献1公开了一种排气净化装置,在SCR催化剂上游侧的排气通路上设置尿素水喷射器,从该尿素水喷射器向在排气通路中流动的废气喷射尿素水,而向SCR催化剂供给作为还原剂的氨。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2009-144636号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
然而,在上述那种、在上游侧的排气通路上设置尿素水喷射器等尿素水喷射构件、并从该尿素水喷射构件向排气净化催化剂供给尿素水的构造中,所喷射的尿素水的一部分未在排气中水解、而附着到排气管内的壁面上。该附着的尿素水在向排气管内的底部汇集的同时流向排气管的下游侧,并到达排气净化催化剂的紧上游。排气净化催化剂一般经由耐热海绵等支承部件而内设于排气管,因此到达排气净化催化剂的紧上游的尿素水有时会浸透该支承部件。
如此,在尿素水浸透了支承部件的情况下,例如在排气管内流动的排气的温度上升了的情况下,浸透到支承部件中的尿素水会固化而使支承部件膨胀。而且,当支承部件膨胀时,对于由支承部件支承的排气净化催化剂也会产生应力,由于该应力而排气净化催化剂可能破损。
本发明是鉴于这种课题而进行的,其目的在于提供一种排气管,能够通过简单的构成,来防止从还原剂供给构件喷射的还原剂浸透到排气净化催化剂的支承部件中,并且能够有效地抑制由于支承部件的膨胀而排气净化催化剂破损。
用于解决课题的手段
为了实现上述目的,本发明的排气管为,经由支承部件而内设有排气净化催化剂,该排气净化催化剂通过供给的还原剂将从内燃机排出的排气中的氮化物还原净化,其特征在于,上述排气管在比上述排气净化催化剂更靠上游侧的内周面上设置有阻挡部,该阻挡部防止上述还原剂向上述支承部件浸透。
此外,也可以为,上述排气管具有形成为比上游侧的内径更大径的扩径部,并且上述排气净化催化剂经由上述支承部件而内设于上述扩径部,上述阻挡部设置在与上述扩径部的上游端邻接的上述内周面上。
此外,也可以为,上述排气管为圆筒状,并且上述阻挡部在上述内周面的下部沿着圆周方向形成为圆弧状。
此外,也可以为,在上述阻挡部和上述排气净化催化剂之间设置有缓冲部件。
此外,也可以为,上述阻挡部朝向上述排气管的上游侧倾斜地设置。
此外,也可以为,上述阻挡部为,使上述排气管的一部分向内侧突出而与该排气管形成为一体。
此外,也可以为,上述排气净化催化剂为选择还原型NOx催化剂,上述还原剂为尿素水。
发明的效果
根据本发明的排气管,能够通过简单的构成,来防止从还原剂供给构件喷射的还原剂浸透到排气净化催化剂的支承部件中,并且能够有效地抑制由于支承部件的膨胀而排气净化催化剂破损。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明一个实施方式的排气管的截面构造的截面图。
图2是表示本发明一个实施方式的排气管的构造的平面图。
图3是表示本发明其它实施方式的排气管的构造的平面图。
图4是表示本发明其它实施方式的排气管的截面构造的截面图。
图5是表示本发明其它实施方式的排气管的截面构造的截面图。
图6是表示本发明其它实施方式的排气管的截面构造的截面图。
具体实施方式
以下,根据图1、2说明本发明一个实施方式的排气管。对同一部件赋予同一符号,其名称及功能也相同。因此,不对其重复进行详细说明。
如图1、2所示,本实施方式的排气管10形成为圆筒状。此外,如图1所示,排气管10从排气方向的上游侧起依次具有:上游侧排气管部11,与连接管50连接,该连接管50与未图示的作为内燃机的柴油机(以下称为发动机)的排气***连接,该上游侧排气管部11形成为与该连接管50的内径大致相同直径;中间部(扩径部)12,形成为比上游侧排气管部11的内径更大径;以及下游侧排气管部13,形成为与上游侧排气管部11的内径大致相同直径。
此外,如图1所示,在排气管10中,从上游侧起依次内设有:将排气中的氮化物(NOx)还原净化的选择还原型NOx催化剂(以下称为SCR催化剂)30;以及氧化催化剂(以下称为DOC催化剂)31。
SCR催化剂30为,当从发动机排出的排气流入时,促进该排气中含有的NOx的还原反应。具体地说,从设置在上游侧的尿素水喷射构件(未图示)喷射的尿素水,通过排气而水解并生成氨。SCR催化剂30吸附该所生成的氨,并且在废气通过SCR催化剂30内时利用吸附的氨将NOx还原净化。此外,设置在下游侧的DOC催化剂31为,当从SCR催化剂30漏出剩余的氨时,从废气中将该剩余的氨氧化除去。
如图1所示,该SCR催化剂30和DOC催化剂31经由垫部件(支承部件)20而支承在中间部12的内周面上。此处,作为垫部件20,例如使用具备耐热性的耐热海绵等。
如图1、2所示,阻挡板(阻挡部)15构成为,短边方向截面形成为大致L字状,并具备横板部15b和规定高度H的纵板部15a。此外,阻挡板15的纵板部15a和横板部15b在长边方向上形成为圆弧状,使纵板部15a位于下游侧,将横板部15b熔敷到上游侧排气管部11内周面的下部,由此被固定为阻挡尿素水从上游侧排气管部11向中间部12流动。
此外,如图2所示,在从轴向对排气管10进行正面观察的情况下,阻挡板15以右端部15c的法线L1和左端部15d的法线L2在排气管10的轴中心相互以大约90度相交的方式,配置在上游侧排气管部11内周面的下部。
另外,也可以如图3所示,沿着上游侧排气管部11的内周面整周设置该阻挡板15。此外,纵板部15a的规定高度H,在纵板部15a的面积不对排气的流动产生较大影响的范围内,也可以根据排气管10的内径、SCR催化剂30的容量等来适当调整而设定。此外,在本实施方式中,如图1、2所示,阻挡板15设置在上游侧排气管部11内周面的与中间部12上游端邻接的位置上,但是例如也能够将该阻挡板15设置为位于上游侧排气管部11内周面的上游端。
如图1所示,在阻挡板15和SCR催化剂30之间夹装有网眼状的缓冲部件18。该缓冲部件18抑制SCR催化剂30向轴向上游的移动,并且通过将阻挡板15的纵板部15a的背面与SCR催化剂30的前面部抵接,由此防止SCR催化剂30破损。
另外,该缓冲部件18既可以沿着阻挡板15和SCR催化剂30之间的整周设置,也可以局部地设置。
通过上述那样的构成,根据本发明一个实施方式的排气管10,能够发挥以下那样的作用、效果。
为了将排气中的NOx进行还原净化,从设置在连接管50的上游部的尿素水喷射构件(未图示)向管内喷射的尿素水,大部分在排气中水解而生成氨。另一方面,从尿素水喷射构件(未图示)向管内喷射的一部分尿素水,未水解而附着到连接管50的内周面上,并在底部流动的同时流入排气管10的上游侧排气管部11。流入到该上游侧排气管部11的尿素水,由设置在上游侧排气管部11内周面的阻挡板15阻挡。
因此,阻止尿素水向中间部12侵入,因此能够可靠地防止尿素水向将SCR催化剂30、DOC催化剂31支承在中间部12内的垫部件20浸透,并且能够有效地抑制由于垫部件20的膨胀而SCR催化剂30、DOC催化剂31破损。特别是,在沿着上游侧排气管部11内周面的整周设置阻挡板15的情况下(参照图3),即使在排气管10向上下左右较大地振动时,也能够可靠地阻止尿素水向中间部12侵入。
此外,由阻挡板15阻挡并滞留在上游侧排气管部11内周面的下部的尿素水,随着时间的经过,其大部分通过排气而水解,并在生成氨后被供给到SCR催化剂30。
因此,能够可靠地防止尿素水向垫部件20浸透,并且能够减少未被水解的浪费的尿素水,因此尿素水向氨的生成效率提高,当然也能够提高SCR催化剂30的NOx还原净化效率。
此外,在不沿着上游侧排气管部11内周面的整周而仅在下部设置阻挡板15的构造中,能够不阻碍排气管10内的排气流动、而可靠地防止尿素水向垫部件20浸透。
此外,在阻挡板15和SCR催化剂30之间设置有网眼状的缓冲部件18,因此能够抑制SCR催化剂30向轴向上游的移动,并且能够通过阻挡板15的纵板部15a的背面来防止SCR催化剂30的前面部破损。
另外,本发明并非限定于上述实施方式,在不脱离本发明主旨的范围内,能够适当变形而实施。
例如,在上述实施方式中,说明了排气管10的中间部12的内径形成为比上游侧排气管部11的内径更大径的情况,但也可以如图4所示那样,将该中间部12的内径形成为与上游侧排气管部11、下游侧排气管部13的内径大致相同直径。在这种情况下,也能够发挥与上述实施方式同样的作用效果。
此外,阻挡板15的纵板部15a不一定需要沿铅垂方向设置,例如,也可以如图5所示那样,将该纵板部15a设置为朝向排气管10的上游侧倾斜。
此外,阻挡板15不一定需要为板部件,例如,也可以如图6所示那样,使上游侧排气管部11的一部分向排气管10的内侧突出而将阻挡部15与排气管10形成为一体。
此外,在上述实施方式中,说明了排气管10具备SCR催化剂30的情况,但是该SCR催化剂30例如也可以是吸藏还原型NOx催化剂(LNT催化剂)。在这种情况下,也能够可靠地防止作为还原剂供给的未燃燃料(HC)向垫部件20浸透。
此外,DOC催化剂31不是必须的,也能够省略该DOC催化剂31。
此外,在上述实施方式中,说明了使排气管10为圆筒状的情况,但不一定需要为圆筒状,例如也可以使用截面为方形的排气管等。
符号的说明
10排气管
12中间部(扩径部)
15阻挡板(阻挡部)
18缓冲部件
20垫部件(支承部件)
30SCR催化剂(排气净化催化剂)

Claims (11)

1.一种排气管,经由支承部件而内设有排气净化催化剂,该排气净化催化剂通过供给的还原剂将从内燃机排出的排气中的氮化物还原净化,该排气管的特征在于,
上述排气管在比上述排气净化催化剂更靠上游侧的内周面上设置有阻挡部,该阻挡部防止上述还原剂向上述支承部件浸透,
上述阻挡部构成为,短边方向截面形成为L字状,具备横板部和规定高度的纵板部,使上述纵板部位于下游侧,并且将上述横板部固定到上游侧排气管部内周面的下部,
在上述阻挡部的纵板部和上述排气净化催化剂之间设置有缓冲部件。
2.如权利要求1所述的排气管,其特征在于,
上述排气管具有形成为比上游侧的内径更大径的扩径部,并且上述排气净化催化剂经由上述支承部件而内设于上述扩径部,上述阻挡部设置在与上述扩径部的上游端邻接的上述内周面上。
3.如权利要求1所述的排气管,其特征在于,
上述排气管为圆筒状,并且上述阻挡部在上述内周面的下部沿着圆周方向形成为圆弧状。
4.如权利要求2所述的排气管,其特征在于,
上述排气管为圆筒状,并且上述阻挡部在上述内周面的下部沿着圆周方向形成为圆弧状。
5.如权利要求1~4中任一项所述的排气管,其特征在于,
上述缓冲部件由网眼状的缓冲部件形成,沿着上述阻挡部的纵板部和上述排气净化催化剂之间的整周设置或者局部地设置。
6.如权利要求1~4中任一项所述的排气管,其特征在于,
上述阻挡部朝向上述排气管的上游侧倾斜地设置。
7.如权利要求5所述的排气管,其特征在于,
上述阻挡部朝向上述排气管的上游侧倾斜地设置。
8.如权利要求1~4中任一项所述的排气管,其特征在于,
上述排气净化催化剂为选择还原型NOx催化剂,上述还原剂为尿素水。
9.如权利要求5所述的排气管,其特征在于,
上述排气净化催化剂为选择还原型NOx催化剂,上述还原剂为尿素水。
10.如权利要求6所述的排气管,其特征在于,
上述排气净化催化剂为选择还原型NOx催化剂,上述还原剂为尿素水。
11.如权利要求7所述的排气管,其特征在于,
上述排气净化催化剂为选择还原型NOx催化剂,上述还原剂为尿素水。
CN201180024515.XA 2010-05-17 2011-05-16 排气管 Expired - Fee Related CN102933809B (zh)

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