CN113906943A - Ultrahigh-density apple cultivation method - Google Patents
Ultrahigh-density apple cultivation method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113906943A CN113906943A CN202010658175.7A CN202010658175A CN113906943A CN 113906943 A CN113906943 A CN 113906943A CN 202010658175 A CN202010658175 A CN 202010658175A CN 113906943 A CN113906943 A CN 113906943A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- plant
- ultra
- planting
- high density
- row
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000220225 Malus Species 0.000 claims abstract 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NWBJYWHLCVSVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-benzyladenine Chemical compound N=1C=NC=2NC=NC=2C=1NCC1=CC=CC=C1 NWBJYWHLCVSVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000141359 Malus pumila Species 0.000 description 19
- 235000011430 Malus pumila Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 235000015103 Malus silvestris Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 6
- REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacontan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO REZQBEBOWJAQKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthaleneacetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PCRHXLPZZNPXMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-benzyl-7h-purine-2,6-diamine Chemical compound N=1C=2NC=NC=2C(N)=NC=1NCC1=CC=CC=C1 PCRHXLPZZNPXMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000021749 root development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrahigh-density apple cultivation method, wherein selected nursery stocks are short-shoot dwarfing stocks; the planting parameters are as follows: carrying out wide-row field planting, wherein the row spacing is larger than the plant spacing, the row spacing is 3.5-4.0 m, and the plant spacing is 0.3-0.6 m; the length of the inter-plant overground rootstock is 10-15 cm; the fixed dry height is 1.5-1.7 m; after the results, 20-30 fruits per plant were retained. The invention does not need a wire drawing stand frame in the close planting of the apples, and solves the problems of difficult mastering of apple short stock cultivation management technology, high production cost, low early yield and the like in the prior art; the invention adopts wide-row cotton field type management, is easy to master, saves labor greatly and has high return benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to an ultrahigh-density apple cultivation method.
Background
The apple is a tall tree, the traditional arbor cultivation density is low, about 40 plants are planted per mu generally, the yield per unit area is low, the fruit bearing can be started in 4-5 years generally, the early bearing is low, the yield is low, the investment pressure of fruit growers is high, the enthusiasm of fruit growers is seriously contused, and the development of the apple industry is hindered, so that the problem that how to shorten the vegetative growth period of the apple and improve the yield of the apple is urgently solved by the industrial development is solved.
However, the current close planting cultivation of the apple dwarf stocks still faces the problems of large early investment, high management cost, difficult mastering of key technologies and the like, directly influences the close planting development of the apple dwarf stocks, and most of large-scale modern orchards are in a state of reluctant maintenance or even loss, thereby limiting the development of the modern apple industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an ultrahigh-density cultivation method, which is used for solving the problems of difficulty in mastering the apple dwarf stock cultivation management technology, high production cost, low early yield and the like in the prior art; the wide-row cotton field type management is adopted, the management is easy to master, the labor is saved greatly, and the return benefit is high.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the invention aims to provide an ultrahigh-density apple cultivation method, wherein selected nursery stocks are short-shoot dwarfing stocks;
the planting parameters are as follows: carrying out wide-row field planting, wherein the row spacing is larger than the plant spacing, the row spacing is 3.5-4.0 m, and the plant spacing is 0.3-0.6 m; the length of the inter-plant overground stock is 10-15 cm, so that scions are prevented from rooting due to too deep planting and losing dwarfing effect;
the fixed dry height is 1.5-1.7 m, and the height is always kept, so that the picking is suitable; preferably, full buds are reserved for dry fixation;
after the results, 20-30 fruits per plant were retained.
Furthermore, no wire drawing vertical frame is needed in the cultivation process.
The apple is cultivated in ultrahigh density, the density can reach 2-5 times of that of common close planting, and 333-635 apples can be cultivated per mu; and the height of the adult plant is half of that of the common close planting.
It should be noted that the invention obtains the balance of the plant and the root system through the selection of the apple seedlings, the improvement of the cultivation density, the selection of the fixed dry height and the reasonable load management, and can be used for cultivating without setting a bracket, pulling an iron wire and laying non-woven fabrics or reflective films.
In the field of close planting and cultivation of apples, it is known that a wire drawing vertical frame is required, otherwise, the root system cannot support the overground part of plants; on the premise of higher than the common cultivation density, the invention realizes the omission of wire drawing vertical frames in close planting. The newly-built orchard cultivated by the method can bear fruits in the second year after field planting, the fruits are full and large, the yield per mu can reach more than 2000kg, higher economic benefits than common close planting cultivation are obtained, and labor and cost are saved.
Further, the short-branch dwarf rootstock is a dwarf self-rooted rootstock, and preferably the rootstock M9T337 variety is Nicotiana tabacum No. 7 or Nicotiana tabacum No. 6.
Furthermore, the selected seedlings are perennial big seedlings with the height of more than 1.8 meters. The preferred rootstocks are consistent in type; preferably selects high-quality strong seedlings with good root development, pure varieties, thick and full branches and eyes.
The selection of the nursery stock is necessary, and the technical scheme and the technical effect of the invention can be realized only by short-branch dwarfing rootstock.
Further, ridging is carried out, and the specific conditions are as follows: and (3) ridging and ridging 60-70 cm away from the tree rows to form a ridge, so that a tree disc with the width of about 1.2-1.4 m is formed, the ground of the tree disc formed by ridging and ridging is obviously higher than the inter-row ground, and the ground of the tree disc is 10-30 cm higher than the inter-row ground.
Further, the main cultivated variety nursery stock and the pollinated variety nursery stock are as follows according to the ratio of (4-5): 1 proportion planting in rows.
Further, spraying 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) of 500ppm at the tip of a fruit tree branch to promote branch development. Spraying is preferably carried out before germination.
Further, chemical flower thinning and fruit thinning are carried out.
Further, water and fertilizer integrated management is carried out.
Furthermore, grass naturally grows between the lines, and grass pressing is carried out when the grass is higher than 30cm, and mowing is not carried out.
Furthermore, micro-spray watering is adopted to effectively save water; and covering the tree ridge.
Further, a trap and the like are hung to predict and forecast plant diseases and insect pests, and a mist sprayer is adopted to spray the pesticide in time according to the prediction result.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the number of the seedlings is increased to the maximum extent, and a foundation is laid for high yield.
And secondly, chemical spraying replaces bud carving management, picking management difficulty of workers is reduced by the height of a proper tree body, investment such as vertical frame wire drawing is removed by reasonable load, manual flower thinning and fruit thinning are replaced by chemistry, wide-row cotton field type bag-free management is adopted, labor amount is greatly reduced, production cost is reduced, and economic benefit is improved.
Thirdly, the newly built garden managed by the method can bear fruits in the second year, the fruits are full and large, the yield per mu can reach more than 2000kg, and farmers can quickly recover the capital and have extremely high economic value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the results of the second year of the orchard establishment by the method of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples, which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
An ultrahigh-density apple cultivation method comprises the following operations:
(1) ridging and ridging: before planting, ridging the tree rows 60-70 cm away from the center of the tree row to form a ridge to form a tree tray with the width of about 1.2-1.4 m, wherein the ground of the tree tray is 10-30 cm higher than the ground between the rows.
(2) Selecting nursery stocks: the stock M9T337 is a high-quality strong seedling with the variety of No. 7 tobacco, the seedling grows for many years, the height of the seedling is more than 1.8 meters, the root system grows well, the variety is pure, the stock types are consistent, the branches are thick and full, and the eyes are full.
(3) Planting parameters:
a. planting density: carrying out wide-row field planting, wherein the row spacing is larger than the plant spacing, the row spacing is 3.5-4.0 m, the plant spacing is 0.3-0.5 m, 333-635 plants are planted per mu, and the main planting variety and the pollination variety are as follows (4-5): 1, planting in rows in proportion;
b. planting depth: the length of the inter-plant overground rootstock is 10-15 cm;
(4) shaping and trimming:
a. dry fixing technology: keeping full buds as much as possible for dry fixation; the fixed dry height is 1.5-1.7 m, and the fixed dry height is always kept;
b. branch promoting technology: before germination, 500ppm6-BA is sprayed on the tip of the branch to promote the branch.
(5) And (3) reasonable load management: after the apple trees are fruited, 20-30 apples are kept in each apple tree, no support is arranged, no iron wire is pulled, no non-woven fabric is laid, no reflective film is laid, and no bagging management is performed; when 80% of the central flowers bloom, thinning the flowers by 0.1% of triacontanol 0.667ppm, 2% of benzylamino adenine 75ppm and 20% of naphthylacetic acid 7.5 ppm; when the diameter of the fruit is 8-10mm, thinning the fruit for the first time by using 0.1% triacontanol 0.667ppm, 2% benzylamino adenine 75ppm and 20% naphthylacetic acid 7.5 ppm; when the diameter of the fruit is 14-16mm, 0.1% triacontanol 0.667ppm, 2% benzylamino adenine 75ppm, 20% naphthalene acetic acid 7.5ppm are used for second thinning.
(6) And (3) managing diseases and pests of water and fertilizer: and carrying out water and fertilizer integrated management in the whole garden. The water is effectively saved by adopting micro-spraying watering, the tree bed is covered, grass naturally grows in the row, and grass is pressed when the grass is higher than 30cm, and is not cut; and (4) hanging a trap and the like to predict and forecast the plant diseases and insect pests, and spraying the pesticide in time by using a mist sprayer according to the prediction result.
The orchard construction was carried out by the method of example 1, and the results of the second year of orchard construction are shown in FIG. 1.
The orchard constructed by the method of the embodiment 1 of the invention is compared with the common traditional close planting, and the comparison of the input, the output and the planting density is shown in the table 1
TABLE 1 comparison of input-output for example 1 with conventional close planting
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating an ultra-high density apple is characterized in that,
selecting short-branch dwarfing stocks as nursery stocks;
the planting parameters are as follows: carrying out wide-row field planting, wherein the row spacing is larger than the plant spacing, the row spacing is 3.5-4.0 m, and the plant spacing is 0.3-0.6 m; the length of the inter-plant overground rootstock is 10-15 cm;
the fixed dry height is 1.5-1.7 m;
after the results, 20-30 fruits per plant were retained.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein no wire-drawing stand is used during the cultivation process.
3. The method for cultivating ultra-high density apples according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the short-shoot dwarfing rootstock is a dwarfed self-rooted rootstock.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the selected nursery stock has a height of 1.8 m or more.
5. The ultrahigh-density apple cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein ridging is performed: and (3) ridging the tree rows 60-70 cm to form ridges to form tree trays with the width of about 1.2-1.4 m, wherein the ground of each tree tray is 10-30 cm higher than the ground between the rows.
6. The cultivation method of the ultra-high density apples according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the main cultivated variety nursery stock and the pollinated variety nursery stock are as follows (4-5): 1 proportion planting in rows.
7. The cultivation method of ultra-high density apples according to claim 1 or 2, wherein 500ppm of 6-benzylaminopurine is sprayed on the tips of the branches before germination.
8. The method for cultivating ultra-high density apples according to claim 1 or 2, wherein chemical flower thinning and fruit thinning are performed.
9. The method for cultivating ultra-high density apples according to claim 1 or 2, wherein water and fertilizer integrated management is performed.
10. The cultivation method of ultra-high density apples according to claim 1 or 2, wherein grass is pressed in a garden above 30cm without mowing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010658175.7A CN113906943A (en) | 2020-07-09 | 2020-07-09 | Ultrahigh-density apple cultivation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010658175.7A CN113906943A (en) | 2020-07-09 | 2020-07-09 | Ultrahigh-density apple cultivation method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113906943A true CN113906943A (en) | 2022-01-11 |
Family
ID=79232025
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010658175.7A Pending CN113906943A (en) | 2020-07-09 | 2020-07-09 | Ultrahigh-density apple cultivation method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113906943A (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102893836A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-01-30 | 运城市果业发展中心 | Two-branch one-trunk forming and planting method and reshaping method for apple trees |
| CN104351006A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-02-18 | 西北农林科技大学 | Apple dwarfing self-rooted rootstock garden building method |
| CN106069544A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-11-09 | 烟台现代果业科学研究院 | Reversely hung Yong tower pine shape cultivation of fruit tree method |
| CN110896777A (en) * | 2019-12-28 | 2020-03-24 | 莱州大自然园艺科技有限公司 | Method for promoting early yield increase of apple dwarf stock close planting cultivation |
-
2020
- 2020-07-09 CN CN202010658175.7A patent/CN113906943A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102893836A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-01-30 | 运城市果业发展中心 | Two-branch one-trunk forming and planting method and reshaping method for apple trees |
| CN104351006A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-02-18 | 西北农林科技大学 | Apple dwarfing self-rooted rootstock garden building method |
| CN106069544A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-11-09 | 烟台现代果业科学研究院 | Reversely hung Yong tower pine shape cultivation of fruit tree method |
| CN110896777A (en) * | 2019-12-28 | 2020-03-24 | 莱州大自然园艺科技有限公司 | Method for promoting early yield increase of apple dwarf stock close planting cultivation |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 冯建忠: "矮化中间砧苹果宽行密植建园技术", 《现代农村科技》 * |
| 张连翔等: "《北方地区林下经济 可适生新品种和先进实用技术》", 31 December 2015, 辽宁科学技术出版社 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109362501B (en) | Transparent frame-shaped cultivation method for passion fruit | |
| CN111887092B (en) | Breeding method for two-year-of-one-year-of-breeding of grapes | |
| CN107996272B (en) | Stable-yield cultivation method for close planting vineyard thin planting transformation | |
| CN109197311B (en) | Method for thinning flowers and fruits of apple trees | |
| CN104365422A (en) | Pear short dense early harvest cultivation method | |
| JP2013252086A (en) | Method for manufacturing potted grape | |
| CN112868453A (en) | Spindle-shaped apple tree pruning method without artificial branch pulling | |
| CN110800539B (en) | Branch culture method for promoting apple seedlings to fruit in advance | |
| CN104351000A (en) | Culture method of pomelo hybrid | |
| CN111543243A (en) | Ectopic two-main-branch Y-shaped cultivation method for improving quality of green plums | |
| CN109699389B (en) | Flower and fruit management method of sunshine roses | |
| CN109156245B (en) | Wall-shaped shaping method for multiple hedges of peach tree | |
| CN114747382B (en) | Pruning and management method beneficial to yield increase of peppers | |
| CN106613721B (en) | Cold-shed cultivation method for seedless Victoria grapes | |
| CN113141898B (en) | Grafting and seed changing method without influencing current year yield of grapes | |
| CN108541577A (en) | A kind of selection of nectarine precocity new varieties | |
| CN113906943A (en) | Ultrahigh-density apple cultivation method | |
| CN109832135B (en) | Cotton planting method and method for preparing dry flowers by using cotton | |
| CN112335501A (en) | Eggplant pruning and yield increasing method | |
| CN111543234A (en) | Method for cultivating high-stock branch seedlings | |
| CN113994841A (en) | High-yield cultivation method for ananas comosus high-trunk four-main-branch open-heart-shaped crown | |
| CN111328623A (en) | Vine-sinking type trellis grape vine cultivation method | |
| Rasulov et al. | Yield efficiency for apple trees depending on intensive orchard systems in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic | |
| Tripathi et al. | High-density planting in fruit crops for enhancing fruit productivity | |
| CN110367017A (en) | A kind of seed selection breeding method of white peach |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20220111 |