CN102845596A - Omnivorous fish feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Omnivorous fish feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses an omnivorous fish feed, which comprises one or a plurality of materials selected from the following components: fish meal, wheat bran, corn germ meaL-so1, wheat-middlings, rapeseed meal, peanut meal, a composite vitamin premix, a traditional Chinese medicine combination additive, a mineral premix, and a feed binder, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine combination additive further comprises the following raw material drugs: indigowoad root, glossy privet fruit, tuckahoe, baikal skullcap root, weeping forsythia fruit, patrinia, szechwan lovage rhizome, heartleaf houttuynia herb, suberect spatholobus stem, salvia miltiorrhiza, prepared rhizome of rehmannia, dangshen, mongolian milkvetch root, oldenlandia and cortex moutan, the feed binder further comprises high strength flour and starch, a weight part ratio of the high strength flour to the starch is 5-6:4-5. According to the present invention, the Chinese herbals are adopted to prevent and treat fish diseases, such that requirements of pollution-free aquaculture development and green aquatic product production are completely met; the omnivorous fish feed of the present invention has characteristics of high water resistance and low scatter ratio; with the omnivorous fish feed of the present invention, absorption growth of omnivorous fishes and especially tiny fishes are easily achieved, fish taste is improved, outbreak of fish diseases can be significantly reduced, immunity of omnivorous fishes can be improved, safe and efficient farming can be ensured, and good economic benefits and social benefits are provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fish feed of producing as raw material with animal, plant and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of ominivore-fish feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Ominivore-fish is with carp, and rainbow trout is representative.Carp belongs to the end ominivore-fish that dwells, the meat and vegetables food of holding concurrently.Carp bait spectrum is extensively kissed the bone prosperity, often encircles mud and ingests.Carp is again the low poikilotherm of waiting, and body temperature changes with water temperature, need not lean on consumed energy to keep constant body temperature, so need bait to ingest total amount also not quite.Carp is the same with most fresh-water fishes simultaneously belongs to without the stomach fingerling, and enteron aisle is carefully short, and rate of metabolism is fast, so eating habit is for eating less diligent food.The digestive function of carp is very big with the water temperature relation, and the seasonality of ingesting is very strong.Substantially be in the semidormancy state of stopping eating winter (especially at subglacial), body fat approach exhaustion in one winter, arrive spring one, and the high protein diet of just being eager to ingest is replenished.In the time in late autumn, close on winter, in order to accumulate fat, " grabbing a food " peak period also can occur, and be as main take high protein bait.
Though carp belongs to the end dwelling property fish, this is not that its zone of action is unalterable.Season changes, the water temperature changes in temperature.Wind direction, air pressure height, the first and the fifteenth day of the lunar month substitute, water quality is pure and impure, current are big or small, fluctuation in stage, water body dissolved oxygen, bait substance environment etc., the capital changes the zone of action of fish at any time, make them usually carry out by a relatively large margin position movement, if in larger waters, just this be called ' migration ".Carp is compared with other fresh-water fishes, has common habit that special habit is also arranged.These habits mainly need by breeding, forage needs, the oxygen living necessities that become determine, like the various pasture and water of careless habit and water plant and grow waters in great numbers, also be the institute that various planktonic organisms and benthon multiply and live, fish can absorb rich food here.The luxuriant place of pasture and water is again the excellent ovulation obstetric tables of fish, annual breed in spring season, the institute of the gathering that this class place all is fish.
The protein of carp not only content is high, and quality is also good, and the human consumption absorptivity can reach 96%, and can supply with human body essential amino acid, mineral matter, vitamin A and vitamin D; Contain protein 17.6g, fatty 4.1g, calcium 50mg, phosphorus 204mg and multivitamin in every 100g meat.The fat of carp mostly is unrighted acid, can well reduce cholesterol, can prevent and treat artery sclerosis, coronary heart disease, therefore, eats fish more and can have good health and a long life.Carp growth is rapid, and with regard to whole growth course, body long fastest-rising period is 1-2 age, body weight gain then with 2-3 age for the rapidest.After 4 ages, fish reached sexal maturity, just increase and significantly slow down.1 age in winter fish length be 340 millimeter, body weight be 750 the gram about; 2 age in winter fish length be about 600 millimeters, 3.5 kilograms of body weight; 3 age in winter fish length be 680 millimeter, about 5 kilograms of body weight; 4 age in winter fish length be 740 millimeter, about 7 kilograms of body weight; 5 age in winter the fish body can reach 780 millimeter, about 7.5 kilograms of body weight; Maximum individuality can reach about 40 kilograms.Carp growth is fast, and individual large, maximum individuality can reach 40 kilograms.Meat fertilizer is tender, delicious.Every hectogram edible part contains protein 15.5-26.6 gram, fatty 1.4-8.9 gram, heat 83-187 kilocalorie, calcium 18-160 milligram, phosphorus 30-312 milligram, iron 0.7-9.3 milligram, 0.03 milligram of thiamine, 0.17 milligram in riboflavin, 2.2 milligrams of niacins.Carp is simple because of feeding habits, and feed source is extensive, and growth rapidly, and output is high, and what often be used as pond culture and lake, reservoir, river course mainly puts object in a suitable place to breed.Become the main intensive culture object of China.
Fish meal is the key factor that affects fish culture, also must be to safety and environmental protection feed future development.In the production process of hard pellet diet, starch burn degree is low, causes the resistance to water of final products poor.And fish meal is higher to the requirement of resistance to water, and the resistance to water that therefore improves fish meal just seems particularly important.In the process variation of various factors on quality of the fodder particularly resistance to water larger impact is arranged.Set about optimized production process from process, improve processing conditions and be and improve the effective method of resistance to water.
China mainly concentrates in the preliminary treatment of food processing field and feedstuff the research of extrusion technique, in the production of extruding fish meal, also be in the starting stage, on the one hand because extrusion machinery is relatively expensive, maintenance cost is higher, cause the production cost of fish meal to increase, thereby cause the raising of fish culture cost; Owing in extrusion process, have various controllable factors and disturbing factor, the variation of these factors has larger impact to product quality on the other hand.If in process of production, can not control timely and effectively various factors, then be difficult to guarantee the stability of production process and the quality of final products.Therefore, come study various factors on the impact of final products resistance to water and sinking from feed processing technology, can provide the technological guidance for the production process of reality, thereby be conducive to the improvement of production process condition, improve the fish meal quality, also be conducive to promote the healthy and sustainable development of fish culture industry, improve culture benefit.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, for the deficiencies in the prior art, need to provide a kind of both nutritious, and allotment is simple, is beneficial to ominivore-fish and digests and assimilates, and improves absorptivity; Particularly improve juvenile fish to the digesting and assimilating of bait, various compositions are mutually bonding again, and feed density improves, and products obtained therefrom is heavy property, adapt to ominivore-fish life style; Also to add as required nutritional labeling and medicine, strengthen physique and the immunity of fish, improve flesh quality.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of ominivore-fish feed, comprise in the following component one or more: fish meal, wheat bran, corn germ cake, inferior powder, rapeseed dregs, peanut meal, complex vitamin premix, Chinese traditional medicine composition additive, mineral substance premix, feed adhesive.
The ratio of weight and number of described component can be fish meal 5-10 part, wheat bran 10-20 part, corn germ cake 10-15 part, inferior powder 10-15 part, rapeseed dregs 5-10 part, peanut meal 5-10 part, Chinese traditional medicine composition additive 0.5-1 part, complex vitamin premix 0.5-1 part, mineral substance premix 0.5-1 part, feed adhesive 10-18 part.
The ratio of weight and number of described component can also be fish meal 5-8 part, wheat bran 10-15 part, corn germ cake 10-12 part, inferior powder 10-15 part, rapeseed dregs 5-8 part, peanut meal 5-8 part, Chinese traditional medicine composition additive 0.5-1 part, complex vitamin premix 0.5-1 part, mineral substance premix 0.5-1 part, feed adhesive 10-18 part.
The ratio of weight and number of described component also can be fish meal 5-8 part, wheat bran 15-20 part, corn germ cake 10-15 part, inferior powder 10-13 part, rapeseed dregs 5-9 part, peanut meal 5-9 part, Chinese traditional medicine composition additive 0.5-1 part, complex vitamin premix 0.5-1 part, mineral substance premix 0.5-1 part, feed adhesive 10-18 part.
Described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive may further include following bulk drug: Radix Isatidis, the fruit of glossy privet, Poria cocos, the root of large-flowered skullcap, the capsule of weeping forsythia, field pennycress, Ligusticum wallichii, cordate houttuynia, reticulate millettia, the red sage root, cultivated land, Radix Codonopsis, the Radix Astragali, oldenlandia diffusa, the root bark of tree peony.
Described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive, may further include the bulk drug of following ratio of weight and number: Radix Isatidis 5～10 weight portions, the fruit of glossy privet 5～10 weight portions, Poria cocos 5～10 weight portions, the root of large-flowered skullcap 5～10 weight portions, the capsule of weeping forsythia 5～10 weight portions, field pennycress 5～10 weight portions, Ligusticum wallichii 5～10 weight portions, cordate houttuynia 5～10 weight portions, reticulate millettia 5～10 weight portions, the red sage root 5～10 weight portions, cultivated land 5～10 weight portions, Radix Codonopsis 5～10 weight portions, the Radix Astragali 5～10 weight portions, oldenlandia diffusa 5～10 weight portions, the root bark of tree peony 5～10 weight portions.
Described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive, can further include the bulk drug of following ratio of weight and number: Radix Isatidis 5～8 weight portions, the fruit of glossy privet 5～8 weight portions, Poria cocos 5～8 weight portions, the root of large-flowered skullcap 5～10 weight portions, the capsule of weeping forsythia 5～10 weight portions, field pennycress 5～10 weight portions, Ligusticum wallichii 5～8 weight portions, cordate houttuynia 5～8 weight portions, reticulate millettia 5～8 weight portions, the red sage root 5～8 weight portions, cultivated land 5～10 weight portions, Radix Codonopsis 5～10 weight portions, the Radix Astragali 5～8 weight portions, oldenlandia diffusa 5～10 weight portions, the root bark of tree peony 5～8 weight portions.
Described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive, also may further include the bulk drug of following ratio of weight and number: Radix Isatidis 5～10 weight portions, the fruit of glossy privet 8～10 weight portions, Poria cocos 5～10 weight portions, the root of large-flowered skullcap 5～10 weight portions, the capsule of weeping forsythia 5～10 weight portions, field pennycress 8～10 weight portions, Ligusticum wallichii 8～10 weight portions, cordate houttuynia 8～10 weight portions, reticulate millettia 8～10 weight portions, the red sage root 8～10 weight portions, cultivated land 8～10 weight portions, Radix Codonopsis 8～10 weight portions, the Radix Astragali 8～10 weight portions, oldenlandia diffusa 5～10 weight portions, the root bark of tree peony 5～10 weight portions.
Described feed adhesive may further include: Strong flour and starch; The ratio of weight and number of described Strong flour and starch can be, 5-6:4-5.
Use starch can be cornstarch in the described adhesive, the ratio of weight and number of wherein giving birth to starch and ripe starch can be 80-85:15-20.
The Strong flour that uses in the described adhesive can be the flour of protein wt degree 12%-38%.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of described ominivore-fish feed, and concrete steps are:
A. get fish meal, wheat bran, corn germ cake, inferior powder, rapeseed dregs, peanut meal, complex vitamin premix, mineral substance premix co-grinding by described ratio of weight and number and sieve, stir after pouring again the Chinese traditional medicine composition additive into, get raw mix;
B. get feed adhesive and add water, begin modifiedly, pour in the spraying machine after stirring;
C. also pour in the spraying machine obtaining raw mix among the step a, it is fully mixed, with 60 degrees centigrade of water temperature modulation in the spraying machine, open sprayer, stirred 1 minute rapidly, the sprayer water temperature is controlled at 60-70 ℃, and feed adhesive and raw mix are fully binded;
D. continue to be warming up to 90 ℃ and finish expandedly, put into granulator after making it evenly, granulate, sieve, cooling, drying obtains feed.
The concrete method for making of described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive can for: first described raw material medicaments in part by weight is counted ratio and adds water and drop into multi-function extractor and extract twice, adding for the first time weight portion 8-10 times of water gaging decocted 1-2 hour, adding for the second time weight portion 4-8 times of water gaging decocted 1-2 hour, merge decocting liquid twice, filter to get filtrate; Heating is concentrated into pasty state, cools off after putting into 80 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven, grinds to form fine powder.
Get in the step that fish meal, wheat bran, corn germ cake, inferior powder, rapeseed dregs, peanut meal, complex vitamin premix, mineral substance premix co-grinding sieve by described ratio of weight and number, the aperture of sieving can be the classifying screen of 0.25-0.35mm; In the step of described granulation, the granular size of making can be 0.30mm～0.60mm.
The present invention uses the herbal control fish disease; the disease control criterion of meet the nuisanceless aquatic products industry of development fully, producing green aquatic product; research and production practices prove Chinese herbal medicine as mixed feeding agent or feed addictive, are particularly useful for the needs of intensive, the large-scale production of current culture fishery.They are formed compound preparation by a certain percentage, can better bring into play the cooperative effect of medicine, play the effect that brings out the best in each other; With steaming process the starch in the feed adhesive is binded under different temperatures, strengthened dilation, starch burn degree is improved greatly, the also fully effect of substituted chemistry adhesive in feed processing, heavy water-based and the cohesive of feed have been improved, resistance to water is high, scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio is little, be beneficial to ominivore-fish, the particularly absorption of juvenile fish growth improves flesh of fish mouthfeel, and the outburst of energy decrease fish disease, improve the immunity of ominivore-fish, can guarantee to cultivate safe and efficient, created good economic benefit and social benefit.
The specific embodiment
Fish meal with animal and fowl fodder except the selection difference of the design of nutrient formulation, raw material, the processing granulation more there is its specific (special) requirements, General Requirements fish feed pellets resistance to water in water is higher, lost to reduce, improve efficiency of feed utilization, this also is that proposed requirement is put into practice in the cultivation of mixed feed, also is that any enterprise will stride into the problem that the aquatic feeds industry must at first solve.
Corn germ cake (corn germ meaL-so1) is take maize germ as raw material, the byproduct after getting oil through squeezing or lixiviate.Claim again the corn navel dregs of rice.Generally before producing cornstarch first with corn soaking, fragmentation, separated plumule, then get oil.Namely get corn germ cake after getting oil.Contain thick protein 18%～20% in the corn germ cake, crude fat 1%～2%, crude fibre 11%～12%.Its amino acid forms similar to maize gluten feed (or claiming the corn gluten feed).
Inferior powder is the part between flour and wheat bran, and flour mill can buy; Mouthfeel is poor when why being called " inferior powder " and referring to provide the people edible, and does not mean that and be of low nutritive value.Inferior powder and wheat bran are both milling by product, because processing technology is different, the powder process degree is different, it is different to go out the bran rate, the content of inferior powder is widely different, nearly 8 kinds in the wheat flour byproduct of the U.S., and Japan then is divided into large bran, little bran, powder bran and 4 kinds of products of last powder.There is the product that is called " prostitute (wheat middling) " tw Taiwan, is the powdery byproduct of flour mill's grinding technics latter end, contains a small amount of fine bran, plumule and flour, and crude fiber content is no more than 4%.The powder bran that the inferior powder that present embodiment uses produces as Japan.
Rapeseed dregs is the accessory substance after the rapeseed oil expression, and its crude protein content should be more than 32%, and crude fiber content should be below 12%.The dynamic rotation squeezing of common milling process of rapeseed and precompressed extract technology are two kinds at present, and the former accessory substance is rape cake, and the latter's accessory substance is rapeseed dregs.Rapeseed dregs is divided into 95 types, 200 types, dregs of rice, the secondary dregs of rice, the dishes made from scrambled eggs dregs of rice.What present embodiment used is dregs of rice.
Peanut meal is that peanut meal divides the dregs of rice, the secondary dregs of rice one time usually from the product of shelled peanut after oil plant is refined in squeezing.The meaning of dregs of rice is that the secondary dregs of rice namely squeezed twice peanut dregs through the remaining peanut dregs of first squeezing.Usually the output of peanut meal can reach more than 44%, that is to say that the oil yield of peanut reaches as high as 55%, so the output of peanut meal is fewer relatively.Peanut meal is rich in vegetable protein, and its mouthfeel is better, relatively is suitable for using in the fowl poultry aquatic feeds.The gross protein value of peanut meal is near Soybean Meal.The peanut meal that present embodiment uses is dregs of rice.
The specific embodiment 1: be taken as fish meal 1000g, wheat bran 1800g, corn germ cake 1200g, inferior powder 1000g, rapeseed dregs 800g, peanut meal 1200g, complex vitamin premix 100g, Chinese traditional medicine composition additive 100g, mineral substance premix 100g, raw material pulverizing afterwards all to sieve by the classifying screen of aperture as 0.25mm-0.35mm.
Described complex vitamin premix further comprises: it is 5000IU that every gram complex vitamin premix contains vitamin A, and vitamin D is 600IU, and vitamin B1 is 10mg, and vitamin B2 is 20mg, vitamin pantothenic acid 30mg, niacin 50mg, ascorbic acid 200mg.
Mineral substance premix: every gram mineral substance premix iron content 100mg, manganese 50mg, zinc 50mg, copper 10mg, cobalt 0.05mg, iodine 0.1mg.
The specific embodiment 2: the preparation method of fish meal Chinese traditional medicine composition additive: get Radix Isatidis 100g, fruit of glossy privet 100g, Poria cocos 100g, root of large-flowered skullcap 100g, capsule of weeping forsythia 100g, field pennycress 100g, Ligusticum wallichii 100g, cordate houttuynia 100g, reticulate millettia 100g, red sage root 100g, cultivated land 100g, Radix Codonopsis 100g, Radix Astragali 100g, oldenlandia diffusa 100g and root bark of tree peony 100g, raw medicinal material is cut into meal drops into twice of multi-function extractor extraction, adding for the first time 8-10 times of water gaging decocted 1-2 hour, adding for the second time 4-8 times of water gaging decocted 1-2 hour, merge decocting liquid twice, filter to get filtrate; Heating is concentrated into pasty state, cools off after putting into 80 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven, grinds to form fine powder, is that the classifying screen of 0.25mm-0.35mm sieves by the aperture.
The specific embodiment 3: get Strong flour 900g, mix with Treatment 510g and cooked maize starch 90g, its gelling point of cornstarch is 61 ℃ of beginnings, finishes for 63 ℃.Although gelling point is lower, adhesive is stuck with paste the same at the general Double-plate machine of bonding time image, and gel is rapid.Viscosity is usually at 27-32 between second.After cornstarch stirred in normal-temperature water, its particle was dispersed into emulsus, but can not dissolve, and also can not absorb moisture content.If stop to stir, starch then is deposited in the bottom and forms gradually lump, in case the lump type becomes, it is just so uneasy to disperse again, is scattered in the starch in the water, begins during heating to absorb moisture content and expands.
So the present invention adopts first and stirs high-strength flour and starch mixture with a small amount of water, add the raw material fine powder that mixes, after stirring, add in the steam blower, reaching 61 ℃ after steam blower starts in a few minutes begins to accelerate to stir, reach 70 ℃ in 1 minute, continue to be warming up to 90 ℃, finish expansion.The starch of gel is thickness very, and its degree is decided on the amount of starch in the water.
Granular size 0.30mm～0.60mm when the fish meal moulding is granulated.In the pelletization, the material in each pressing mold hole is subjected to the step extruding force of pressure roller, and the raw material of each extruding all changes to some extent.As the feed in the pressing mold hole is divided into some sections, the difference between section and the section is the basic reason that produces radial cracking.In the process of fish meal, pelletizing forming and cool drying are the main processing workshop sections that produces the particle surface crackle.The crushing material granularity is inhomogeneous, particularly has some larger particles, easily causes in the pelletization the stressed effect of material each several part inhomogeneous.In modified process, the amount of cure of material is inhomogeneous, and some do not have slaking or the lower material of amount of cure, and are low such as the stickiness of the components such as starch and protein, poor plasticity, other components around being difficult for binding.When moulding, easily do not obtain suitable modified material position from these and crack.In addition, it is inhomogeneous or modified improper to add water in the mixed process, can form the particle of semi-wet.When cool drying, have different coolings and rate of drying between the unbalanced part of these particles, have different shrinkage factors, very easily cause cracking.Keep particle length consistent, key is to guarantee that particle stressed effect in the nib of granulator is consistent.Under the identical condition in each aperture, hole of pressing mold, the length of particle depends on that material of pressing mold rotation is by the amount of nib.Inventory by a certain nib is subjected to material to be subjected to the suppression power of pressure roller to reach the impact of 3 factors of inventory of passing through nib by nib resistance, material.It is inhomogeneous to add water in the mixed process, and the material amount of cure is inconsistent in the modified process, all can cause material suppressing.Stressed effect in the journey is unbalanced, makes the particle of producing different in size.
The present invention uses the introduction of the various bulk drug property of medicine:
Radix Isatidis cures mainly febrile virulent maculae; High heat headache; Major part pestilence; Tongue is dark reddish purple dark, scarlet fever; Erysipelas; Mumps; Larynx numbness; Sore is swollen, carbuncle is swollen; Varicella; Measles; Hepatitis; Influenza, epidemic meningitis, encephalitis, pneumonia, coma is told nosebleed, and pharynx is swollen, pinkeye, sore rash; Can prevent and treat Japanese Type-B encephalitis, acute, chronic hepatitis, mumps, osteomyelitis.Effect with clearing heat and detoxicating, cool blood detumescence, relieve sore throat.Radix Isatidis has effect to various bacteria.Infusion is to hay bacillus, staphylococcus aureus, and sarcine, Escherichia coli, typhoid bacillus, paratyphoid A bacillus, dysentery (will Hayes, Fu Shi) bacillus, bacillus enteritidis etc. have inhibitory action; The acetone leachate also has similar effect, and to hemolytic streptococcus effective (all using agar aperture flat band method).Similar to the bacteriostasis of A type meningococcus and garlic, honeysuckle.Radix Isatidis, antibiotic, the antiviral active ingredient of folium isatidis.
Fruit of glossy privet tonifying liver kidney yin, crow must make eye bright, and modern medicine study thinks that the effect that the fruit of glossy privet can suppress helicobacter pylori can treat stomach trouble, also has and suppresses the treatment that the purine abnormal metabolism is used for gout and hyperuricemia.Cure mainly: be used for the deficiency of liver-yin and kidney-yin, soreness of waist tinnitus, poliosis; Unseeing, poor vision; Fever due to yin deficiency, stomach trouble and gout and and hyperuricemia.Adopt the kinds of experiments inflammatory model to confirm fruit of glossy privet 12.5g/kg, 25g/kg ig every day, continuous 5 days, paraxylene caused that mouse peritoneal capillary permeability that mice auricle swelling, acetic acid cause increases timely carrageenan, egg white, formaldehyde rat footpad swelling obvious inhibitory action is all arranged; Fruit of glossy privet 20g/kg * 3 day ig can significantly reduce the burst size that rat inflammation is organized PGE; Fruit of glossy privet 20g/kg * 7 day can suppress rat granuloma hyperblastosis, simultaneously with the increase of adrenal gland weight.Its anti-inflammatory mechanisms may relate to the following aspects: 1. activate pituitary-adrenocortical system, promote the release of cortin; 2. suppress the synthetic or release of PGE.The fruit of glossy privet can reduce the GPS complement activity in addition, and the rat skin capillary permeability that antagonism inflammatory mediator histamine causes increases, so the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the fruit of glossy privet may also comprise above-mentioned effect.
The root bark of tree peony: have another name called moutan bark, the Chinese medicine name.Be the dry root skin of ranunculaceae peony.Originate in the ground such as Anhui, Shandong.Excavate root autumn, remove radicula, strip the root skin, dry.Give birth to or fry and use.Compendium of Material Medica: " nourishing Yin and falling fire, separate the spot poison, throat, diuresis stasis.The descendant specially controls mutually fire with yellow tiller, does not know that the merit of the root bark of tree peony more wins also.Red colored person is sharp, and the person of spending in vain mends, and the people also seldom realizes, and should distinguish it." modern study, contained paeonol and glucosides constituents in addition thereof all have antiinflammatory action; The methanolic extract of moutan bark has the inhibition Platelet; Paeonol has the effects such as the central inhibitory actions such as calmness, cooling, analgesic, analgesia, spasmolysis and antiatherosclerosis, diuresis, antiulcer
Ligusticum wallichii, original name rhizome of chuanxiong Qiong.A kind of Chinese medicinal plant is usually used in blood-activating and qi-promoting, wind-expelling pain-stopping, Main Cultivation in Sichuan, the ground such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hubei.The hot temperature of Ligusticum wallichii is fragrant dry, walks and does not keep, can go loose, the up top, mountain peak that reaches; Enter again blood system, the descending sea of blood that reaches.The promoting blood circulation effect is extensive, the suitable various illnesss of stagnation of blood stasis; Wind-expelling pain-stopping, effectiveness is excellent, can control the diseases such as a wind headache, arthralgia due to wind-dampness.It is gas medicine in the blood that the former times people calls Ligusticum wallichii, nearly says the functions such as hot loose, the Xie Yu of its residence, sensible, pain relieving.The in vitro test Ligusticum wallichiis such as antibacterial action have inhibitory action to large intestine, dysentery (Song Nei Shi), distortion, green pus, typhoid fever, paratyphosum Bacterium and comma bacillus etc.Ligusticum wallichii water logging agent (1:3) also has inhibitory action to some pathogenic dermatophyte in vitro.
Reticulate millettia is bitter, sweet, temperature.Return liver, kidney channel.Function cures mainly: enrich blood, invigorate blood circulation, vein relaxing.Be used for irregular menstruation, the deficiency of blood is sallow, paralysis and numbness, arthralgia due to wind-dampness.Property bitter but sweet flavor temperature is returned Liver Channel, has promoting circulation of blood to enrich blood, menstruation regulating, the effect such as stimulate the circulation of the blood and cause the muscles and joints to relax, can treat irregular menstruation, blockage of menstruation, dysmenorrhoea, the deficiency of blood through close etc. gynaecological disease and arthralgia due to wind-dampness, numb in every limb, limbs are weak and limp, flaccidity of limbs due to deficiency of blood is yellow etc., control leucocyte and reduce certain curative effect is also arranged.Arthralgia due to wind-dampness, numb in every limb, quadriplegia and the deficiency of blood are sallow.This product promoting circulation of blood is nourished blood, and stimulates the circulation of the blood and cause the muscles and joints to relax, and is not smooth for treating passages through which vital energy circulates, the common medicine of channels discord disease.As control arthralgia due to wind-dampness, extremity numbness, but compatibility medicine for rheumatism are such as medicines such as levisticum, the root of Chinese clematis, parasitic loranthus; It is numb in every limb to control apoplexy, quadriplegia, and Chang Peiwu qi and activate blood circulation vein relaxing medicine is such as medicines such as the Radix Astragali, the red sage root, earthworms; Extremity numbness and the deficiency of blood of controlling not nourishing the muscle and tendon of the deficiency of blood are sallow, and the Radix Astragali of polygamy qi-replenishing and blood-enriching medicine, Radix Angelicae Sinensis etc. are medicinal.
The Radix Astragali is take qi-restoratives as main, can invigorating qi for strengthening superficies, and diuresis holder poison, apocenosis, expelling pus and promoting granulation.Be used for that insufficiency of vital energy and blood, sore cave in, purulence becomes not burst or burst for a long time and do not hold back the person.The Radix Astragali has the function of good promoting pus discharge and tissue regeneration, i.e. the abscess suppuration myogenic of for a long time disunion.Modern medicine study shows that the Radix Astragali includes and multiple antibiotic effective ingredient, and can strengthen the immunologic function of body, therefore can also be used for the generation of some infectious disease of prevention." book on Chinese herbal medicine meets former " carries: " Radix Astragali can all void of tonifying five zang organs, controls arteries and veins string spontaneous perspiration, rushes down yin fire, removes lung heat, losslessly then sends out, and has sweat then to end." be the good medicine of promoting resistance and defence disease.
Cordate houttuynia is hot, is slightly cold.Return lung channel, be used as medicine, the traditional Chinese medical science thinks that its flavor is hot, cold, energy is clearing heat and detoxicating, sore, promoting urination and removing dampness, stomach strengthening and digestion promoting are treated in the detumescence of row's pain, with controlling lung carbuncle that real heat, heat poison, damp evil, disease heat are trouble, sore swollen toxin, hemorrhoidal hemorrhage, retention of heat in the spleen and stomach etc., alone or compatibility compound, the equal determined curative effect of the use of oral administration and externally or multiple Dietotherapy method among the people.Pharmacological research, the cordate houttuynia master contains volatile oil, and the multiple components such as decanoyl acetaldehyde decanoy acetaldehyde have the inhibition antibacterial action to various Xenorhabduses, coccus, influenza virus, Leptospira etc., and can improve the human immunity regulatory function.
The field pennycress nature and flavor are bitter flat, have effect clearing heat and detoxicating, the broken stasis of blood of apocenosis.Can cure acute appendicitis, diarrhea, leukorrhea with reddish discharge, the stagnant stomachache of the stasis of blood in postpartum, red eye, swell pain.Enter stomach, large intestine, Liver Channel.Cure mainly clearing heat and detoxicating, the carbuncle that disappears apocenosis, blood circulation promoting competent silt.Be used for acute appendicitis, lung carbuncle and sore and toxic, the chest abdomen pain due to the real hot stasis of blood stagnates, the stagnant stomachache of the stasis of blood in postpartum waits disease.
The root of large-flowered skullcap has heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, and cool blood is antiabortive, detoxicating functions.Cure mainly the diseases such as warm heat disease, the infection of the upper respiratory tract, cough with lung heat, damp and hot jaundice, pneumonia, dysentery, hemoptysis, hot eyes, fetal irritability, hypertension, the swollen furuncle sore of carbuncle.The clinical practice of the root of large-flowered skullcap is antibiotic not worse than the coptis, and does not develop immunity to drugs.We are used in the fungal culture miscellaneous bacteria and infect special severity by the strong characteristics of broad-spectrum antibacterial action, and are fine with root of large-flowered skullcap extract effect." Bencao Jingshu ": the root of large-flowered skullcap, its property is respectful clearly, so evil removing: so bitter eliminating dampness; So cold sensation of the genitalia wins heat, so main all heat.All hot persons, heat symptoms caused by an exopathgen with all over heat also, jaundice, intestines be out-of-the-way, let out dysentery, the disease of all damp and hot victory is also analysed it, then all diseases are from recover.Bitter cold can be except damp and hot, thus small intestine profit and water from pursuing, the source is clearly then flowed also clean.The blood person of closing, real heat is at blood system, and instant heating human blood chamber makes us obstructed through closing, damp and hot solution, then Ying Qi is clearly and voluntarily also.Dislike sore subcutaneous ulcer erosion person, blood-head is then stayed knot, and is that the swollen stain of carbuncle is mashed also: fiery ulcer person, the internal heat blood trouble also, cool blood heat extraction, then self-healing also.
Radix Codonopsis is flat, sweet, little acid of distinguishing the flavor of.Return spleen, lung channel.Tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi, invigorating the spleen benefit lung.Be used for a little less than the spleen deficiency syndrome of the lung, the palpitaition of breathing hard, anorexia and loose stool, void is breathed with cough and is coughed, and interior heat is quenched one's thirst." book on Chinese herbal medicine justice " carries: Radix Codonopsis power energy tonifying spleen nourishing the stomach, and moistening lung is promoted the production of body fluid, gas in the tendon fortune, this is very mutually not far away with ginseng.Its outstanding valuable person, invigorating the spleen fortune and not dry is then grown stomach-Yin and wet, and moistening lung and do not violate is cold and coolly nourished blood and is not partially grown greasyly, inspires clear sun, gas in the vibration, and without just dry fraud.Radix Astragali tonifying Qi, can rise enriching spleen-QI, can admittedly show by beneficial lung again.The Radix Codonopsis tonifying Qi can only the invigorating the spleen tonifying Qi, and without the power of solid table, but Radix Codonopsis can also nourishing generate fluid, and the Radix Astragali is then without the effect of promoting the production of body fluid, the double energy of Radix Astragali Li Shui, and Radix Codonopsis is without the Li Shui effect.This two flavors medicine share can tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi, improves resistance.
The capsule of weeping forsythia is bitter, is slightly cold.Return lung, the heart, small intestinl channel.Function is clearing heat and detoxicating, dispersing swelling and dissipating binds.Be used for ulcer, scrofula, acute mastitis, erysipelas, anemopyretic cold, warm disease is from the beginning of, warm joining the army, high hot polydipsia, coma is sent out spot, and heat is drenched renal shutdown.The medicinal part of the capsule of weeping forsythia mainly is fruit.Its shell, i.e. " sticking up " in " a kind of reed mentioned in ancient books sticks up detoxifying pills ".Contain forsythol, coumarin, oleanolic acid, saponin, citrin etc.Have the effects such as heat-clearing, detoxifcation, dissipating bind apocenosis.Cure mainly warm, sore, scrofula, erysipelas, class's rash, influenza, be decocted in water for oral dose with fruit, or add in the prescription.Be usually used in anemopyretic cold.Nature,taste and action: Chinese medicine bitter, cold nature.Clearing heat and detoxicating, mass dissipating and swelling eliminating.The anaesthetic bitter, cool in nature.Clearly " association's day ", antidiarrheal.Cure mainly: Chinese medicine is controlled pyreticosis from the beginning of, anemopyretic cold, and heating is vexed, abscess of throat, and macula, erysipelas, scrofula, the carbuncle pyogenic infections from tumour or sore, acute nephritis, heat is drenched.The anaesthetic subcutaneous ulcer of harnessing the Yellow River, intestines shouting pain, " association day " disease, intestines heat.Sheng Nong's herbal classic ": main fever and chills, the mouse impotence, scrofula, carbuncle is swollen, dislikes sore, goiter and tumor, knot heat, disease due to noxious agents produced by various parasites.
Poria cocos flavor is sweet, light, property flat, be used as medicine have clearing damp and promoting diuresis, the function of beneficial spleen and stomach, antitoxic heart-soothing and sedative.Modern medicine study: Poria cocos can enhanced machine body immunity function, pachymaran has significantly antitumor and protect the liver dirty effect.The Poria cocos slightly sweet flavor is flat, enters the heart, lung, the spleen channel.Has eliminating dampness and diuresis, strengthening the spleen and stomach, the effect of antitoxic heart-soothing and sedative.Can control difficult urination, the oedema turgor, phlegm and retained fluid is coughed contrary, and it is contrary to vomit, and vomiting during early pregnancy is had loose bowels, seminal emission, stranguria with turbid discharge, palpitation with fear, forgetful disease such as grade.The Li Shui of Poria cocos reaches by strong fortune spleen PFT, and is different from the Chinese medicine of other direct Li Shui.Be used for splenasthenic diarrhea, the lower Poria cocos of band can invigorating the spleen, again can excreting dampness, and due to insufficiency of the spleen dysfunction of the spleen in transportation and transformation, have loose bowels, be with down, use the effect that Poria cocos has giving consideration to both the incidental and fundamental, often and the compatibilities such as Radix Codonopsis, the bighead atractylodes rhizome, Chinese yam.Can be used as the tonifying lung spleen, control the adjuvant of the deficiency of vital energy.
Bighead atractylodes rhizome bitter, sweet, temperature.Return spleen, stomach warp.Cure mainly strengthening the spleen and replenishing qi, eliminating dampness Li Shui, hidroschesis, antiabortive.It is few to be used for insufficiency of the spleen food, and abdominal distension is had loose bowels, and phlegm and retained fluid is dizzy throbs with fear, oedema, spontaneous perspiration, fetal irritability.The bighead atractylodes rhizome has CDCC to oncocyte, can reduce the rate of increase of oncocyte, lowers the aggressive of tumor tissue, improves the ability of the antitumor reaction of body.Baizhu volatile oil has inhibitory action to mouse EC, lymphosarcoma ascitic type, the cancer of the esophagus (Ecal09), sarcoma 180 etc.Atractylodes lactone B lumbar injection is to the murine sarcoma people.Remarkable inhibitory action is also arranged." property of medicine opinion " carries it: monarch, and it is sweet to distinguish the flavor of, and suffering is nontoxic.Can main large wandering arthritis, diarrhea due to disorder of qi for many years, trusted subordinate's distending pain, the broken place food that disappears, sputum is removed in appetizing, except fever and chills, lets out under ending.Interarea light is pleased, and preserves youthful looks, and goes to deceive.The swelling of harnessing the river is full, tells to vomit contraryly, and crymodynia in the abdomen is vomited and diarrhoea incessantly, and the cold dysentery of stomach Qi deficiency.
Cultivated land has another name called prepared rhizome of rehmannia or throws oneself on the ground, belong to goatweed, be a kind of first-class Chinese medicine, have the enriching yin of enriching blood effect, it is sallow to can be used for the deficiency of blood, dizzy, palpitation and insomnia, irregular menstruation, the diseases such as uterine bleeding, also can be used for hectic fever hectic fever due to yin, the night sweat of the deficiency of the kidney yin, the disease such as pass out semen, quench one's thirst, is one of asthenic symptoms class non-prescribed medicine medicine Liuwei Dihuang Wan main component.This quality is moistened into kidney, kind nourishing kidney yin, and life essence-filling, marrow-benefitting is the key medicine of tonifying kidney-yin.Ancients call it " large tonifying five zang organs is Kidney-Yin ", " mending greatly true water ".Normal be equal to usefulness with Chinese yam, Fructus Corni, treat the deficiency of liver-yin and kidney-yin, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, seminal emission, night sweat, tinnitus, deafness and quench one's thirst etc., but filling liver kidney, beneficial marrow is such as Liuwei Dihuang Wan; Also can be equal to treatment deficiency of Yin osteopyrexia and fever, such as dabuyin pill (" danxi's experiential therapy ") with the wind-weed, golden cypress, tortoise plastron.This product benefiting essence-blood, black beard and hair, the compatibilities such as the normal and fleece-flower root, the root of bidentate achyranthes, the seed of Chinese dodder are controlled the blood and essence asthenia poliosis, such as Qibao Meiran Dan (" collection of prescriptions with notes "); This product is mended the lean marrow, is strengthened muscles and bones, and also can join tortoise plastron, cynomorium songaricum, rhizoma cibotii etc., the treatment kidney deficiency and liver, and five kinds of retardation five weaknesses is such as Huqian Wan (" collection of prescriptions with notes ").In addition, the prepared rhizome of rehmannia charcoal can stop blooding, and can be used for the deficiency of blood such as uterine bleeding and goes out blood trouble.
Along with the expansion of fish culture scale, the research of its disease and control is also caused day by day people's attention.Carp is the ominivore-fish that economic worth is very high and have larger cultivation potentiality.Its juvenile growth is fast, and is individual large, nutritious, very popular, now obtained large-area popularization and cultivation.Along with increasing of water surface for aquaculture, the disease species of fish also can be increasing.Research finds that many Chinese herbal medicines can improve immunity of organisms.Utilize Chinese herbal medicine to improve the Immunoresistance of carp, thus strengthen the carp body resist the ability of various diseases and to external world the adaptive capacity of environment be undoubtedly a kind of good method.The present invention has added Chinese herb feed additive in feed, improve the effect of carp juvenile fish nonspecific immunity power, in the hope of providing theoretical foundation for promoting the application of Chinese medicine immunity enhancer in the fish culture diseases prevention.
Feed immunity test of the present invention
This experimental study wants to show that feed of the present invention can strengthen the immunologic function of carp.Test as follows:
1.1.1 the healthy carp of experiment material is juvenile fish when body lengths of the fish is respectively 5cm-12cm, the juvenile fish of juvenile fish 5cm-12cm is used in this invention experiment.Choose the specification in the same size.Experimental water family case specification is 90cm * 60cm * 60cm, and depth of water 50cm puts into the sandstone pasture and water at the bottom of the water tank case.Experimental water is the running water behind the aeration, and carp was supported 2 days in aquarium temporarily, begins experiment after ingesting normally.Experiment periods every other day throw something and feed feed 2 times, feeding volume is 3%～5% of fish body weight, changes water 1 time in per 5 days, quantity of exchanged water is about 1/3, continuous charge, water temperature is controlled at 25～28 ℃.
Control feed: " how rich board " fish meal is produced in the Qingdao.
1.2 method
1.2.1 test method
Each 50 juvenile fish of control group and of the present invention group every group are established in test, establish simultaneously 5 groups parallel group, and the control group control feed of throwing something and feeding is thrown something and fed for of the present invention group and added feed of the present invention, and Feeding time is 10d.
1.2.2 the carp of the experiment feed 10d that throws something and feeds is chosen in the extraction of fish liver pancreas, muscle extract at random, fish liver pancreas, muscle are taken out in vivisection, in 0.9% physiological saline of pH 7.2, press (w/v) homogenate in 1: 3,4 ℃ of centrifugal 6min of 1000r/min get supernatant, and-20 ℃ save backup.
1.2.3 the mensuration of antibacterial activity (Ua) and Bacteriolytic activity (UL) adopts improved Hultmark method.
1.2.4 the mensuration of phenol oxidase (PO) vigor (APO) adopts the methods such as improved Ashida take L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine as substrate, enzyme activity is with under the experimental condition, and it is an enzyme activity unit that the OD490 per minute increases by 0.001.
1.2.5 the mensuration of peroxidase (POD) relative activity (APOD) adopts improved history to become silver-colored method.The POD relative activity represents with APOD=A4-A3 in the extract.
1.2.6 the mensuration of extract aggegation vigor (HA) is got blood take Alsever's liquid as anti-agglutinant, fully washs centrifugal (2000r/min * 5min) for several times, be made into afterwards the blood cell suspension of 1% (w/w) with PBS; Getting 25 μ L extracts is added in the V-shaped blood-coagulation-board, make the multiple proportions serial dilution with PBS, then every hole adds isopyknic red cell suspension, hatches 60min in 28 ℃ behind the mixing, observe agglutination activity, the criterion of extract aggregation can be with reference to " immunoassay technology ".
1.2.7 the mensuration of superoxide dismutase (S0D), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) relative activity (AKP) is with measuring kit measurement, the mensuration of superoxide dismutase adopts the detection method of T-SOD.
Represent with average ± standard deviation 1.2.8 data are processed experimental result data, adopt SPSS11.0 that data are carried out one-way analysis of variance.
2 results
The measurement result of the every immune indexes of Hepatopancreas of Cyprinus Carpio behind the feed of the present invention 2.1 feed
Of the present invention group Bacteriolytic activity, antibacterial activity, phenoloxidase activity, peroxidase activity are compared two group differences with control group not remarkable.Of the present invention group hemagglutination activity, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase are compared significant difference with control group.Above result shows that the immune level of of the present invention group of juvenile fish sees Table 1 apparently higher than control group.
Annotate: have same-sign # with each data acceptance of the bid in the delegation and represent difference not significantly (P〉O.05), the identical symbol ◇ of mark tool represents significant difference (P＜0.05)
Of the present invention group Bacteriolytic activity, antibacterial activity, phenoloxidase activity, peroxidase activity and photograph group are compared significant difference, because hemagglutination activity is difficult to measure in the carp muscle, of the present invention group acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase are compared significant difference with control group, above result shows that the immune level of of the present invention group of carp is apparently higher than control group.
Two. the experiment of feed resistance to water
In the raw material of fish meal, poor as the adhesion of the raw material of dietary protein origin take fish meal, grouts, mainly be that the starch by gelatinization sticks together various components, improve the anti-corrosion ability in water.Starch burn degree is the index of indirectly judging the feed resistance to water.The technological process of production of grit fish meal mainly contains: pulverizing, mixing, modified, granulate, stable, cool drying etc.In these processes, the workshop section that affects starch burn degree mainly contains pulverizing, modified and stable.
The below affects the whole bag of tricks of starch burn degree with description of test
1. starch burn degree is measured
Starch burn degree is measured: the beta amylase Hydrolyze method.Choose cornstarch, potato starch, starch from sweet potato is tested respectively, and it is the highest at 60-63 degree centigrade of gelatinization degree to obtain cooked maize starch.Treatment can reach maximum viscosity at 90 degrees centigrade, becomes glue.May be selected to be adhesive.
2. resistance to water is measured
2.1 water resisting time is measured
In the process of measuring scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio, require the water resisting time of feed greater than two hours.Because the water resisting time of some feeds did not reach two hours, so resistance to water needs to represent with water resisting time that employing is soaked tweezer and gone out method mensuration.Get the beaker of 4 500mL, add respectively water 400mL, put in 25 ℃ of thermostatical water baths, drop into respectively 30 feed granules, record the time.After a period of time, with feed granules of the careful tweezer of tweezers, firmly degree is limited so that particle is fallen down in a beaker, slowly leaves the water, and observes the defeated and dispersed situation of particle.The particle that takes out discard need not, other particle of tweezer one by one.Within different blanking times, defeated and dispersed granule number reaches a half in a beaker, then writes down the soak time of feed granules in this beaker, as the water resisting time of this feed.The result shows that the feed granules of making is difficult for defeated and dispersed most between 60-70 ℃.
2.2 scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio is measured for the feed of water resisting time greater than two hours, resistance to water represents with scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio, adopts quick Nephelometric Determination.Take by weighing respectively the particulate samples of certain mass in six pipe disintegration testers, disintegration 30min in 25 ℃ 1000mL deionized water.After disintegration finishes, take out the disintegration pipe, solution pipettes the l00mL disintegration liquid in the turbidity pipe after using high speed bruisher homogeneous, with eddy oscillating device vibration 2min, puts into fast transmissometer, does reference with the turbidity free water, regulates instrument zero, measures turbidity value, is designated as A1.Then accurately take by weighing the crushed material with disintegration material equal in quality, immerse in the 1000mL deionized water, constant temperature 20min in 25 ℃ of water-baths stirs soak, gets the vibration of l00mL solution and surveys its turbidity, is designated as A2.The scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio of product (%)=A1/A2 * 100 then.The result shows that the feed granules scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio of making is minimum between 60-70 ℃.
2.3 subsidence velocity is measured
Subsidence velocity refers to the average speed that feed granules sinks in water.Getting a diameter is 6cm, and length is the transparent pipe of 45cm, one section sealing, and depth of water 40cm vertically places, and measures respectively feed granules and sinks to the pipe time at the end from the underwater.Average subsidence velocity is calculated in parallel determination 20 times.The result shows that the feed granules subsidence velocity of making is the fastest between 60-70 ℃.
3 pulverize resistance to water research
3.1 the crushing material granularity adopts the technique of preparing burden first and pulverizing afterwards to the research experiment process of resistance to water under the pulverizer sieve sheet of different pore size.Material has different geometric mean particle sizes after pulverizing by the sieve (2.0mm, 1.6mm, 1.0mm) of different pore size, mix 5min, pass into the steam that flow is 20g/min (steam pressure is 0.1-0.15MPa), granulate behind the modified 2min, then at 90 ℃ of stable 30min, 105 ℃ of dry 30min, be cooled to room temperature after, measure index of correlation, research material geometric mean particle size is on the impact of modified rear starch burn degree and final products resistance to water.
3.2 the crushing material granularity is to the research of resistance to water under the classifying screen of different pore size
Experimentation adopts to pulverize first and prepares burden after (the sieve aperture is 1.0mm) sieves again, and disintegrating process namely once circulates.Pass through to adjust the pore size of classifying screen behind the crushing material, make material all by the aperture be 0.60,0.42,0.25,0.18, the classifying screen of 0.15mm, mix 5min, pass into the steam that flow is 20g/min, granulate behind the modified 2min, then at 90 ℃ of stable 30min, 105 ℃ of dry 30min, be cooled to room temperature after, measure index of correlation.
4. modified to resistance to water research
4.1 modified rear moisture content of material adopts once circulation to pulverize to make material all behind the classifying screen by certain pore size to the research of resistance to water, in mixed process, add respectively 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% moisture make mix after moisture content of material increase in gradient, pass into the steam that flow is 15g/min, granulate behind the modified 2min, then at 90 ℃ of stable 30min, 105 ℃ of dry 30min, be cooled to room temperature after, measure index of correlation.
4.2 modified rear temperature of charge adopts once circulation to pulverize to make material all behind the classifying screen by certain pore size to the research of resistance to water, does not add moisture in mixed process, passes into the steam that flow is 20g/min, modified 2min; Add 0.5% moisture, pass into the steam that flow is 18g/min, modified 2min; Add 2% moisture, pass into the steam that flow is 12g/min, modified 2min; Add 2.5% moisture, pass into the steam that flow is 10g/min, modified 2min; Add 5% moisture, without modified, after granulating at 90 ℃ of stable 30min, 105 ℃ of dry 30min, be cooled to room temperature after, measure index of correlation.
4.3 the modified time adopts once circulation to pulverize to make material all behind the classifying screen by certain pore size to the research of resistance to water, interpolation 2.5% moisture passes into the steam that flow is 40g/min, modified 30s in mixed process; Pass into the steam that flow is 20g/min, modified 60s; Pass into the steam that flow is 10g/min, modified 120s; Pass into the steam that flow is 7g/min, modified 180s, after granulating at 90 ℃ of stable 30min, 105 ℃ of dry 30min, be cooled to room temperature after, measure index of correlation.
5. stabilisation adopts once circulation to pulverize to make all classifying screens by certain pore size of material to resistance to water research, after mixing 5min, pass into the steam that flow is 20g/min, granulate behind the modified 2min, then place immediately stabilizer airtight and insulation, equilibrium temperature be stablize respectively 0,5,10,15,30 under 90,100,110,120 ℃, 60min, behind 105 ℃ of dry 30min, be cooled to room temperature, measure index of correlation, research stabilization temperature and time are to starch burn degree and resistance to water.
Obtain through experiment: the present invention utilizes plants starch and Strong flour to be mixed and made into adhesive, the effect that chemical adhesive is arranged fully can the production of substituted chemistry adhesive in fish meal, and have no side effect, also can be absorbed by water-bed fish, be a good adhesive.
Claims (10)
1. ominivore-fish feed, it is characterized in that, comprise in the following component one or more: fish meal, wheat bran, corn germ cake, inferior powder, rapeseed dregs, peanut meal, complex vitamin premix, Chinese traditional medicine composition additive, mineral substance premix, feed adhesive.
2. described ominivore-fish feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the ratio of weight and number of described component is: fish meal 5-10 part, wheat bran 10-20 part, corn germ cake 10-15 part, inferior powder 10-15 part, rapeseed dregs 5-10 part, peanut meal 5-10 part, Chinese traditional medicine composition additive 0.5-1 part, complex vitamin premix 0.5-1 part, mineral substance premix 0.5-1 part, feed adhesive 10-18 part.
According to claim 1 described in the ominivore-fish feed, it is characterized in that, described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive further comprises following bulk drug: Radix Isatidis, the fruit of glossy privet, Poria cocos, the root of large-flowered skullcap, the capsule of weeping forsythia, field pennycress, Ligusticum wallichii, cordate houttuynia, reticulate millettia, the red sage root, cultivated land, Radix Codonopsis, the Radix Astragali, oldenlandia diffusa, the root bark of tree peony.
4. described ominivore-fish feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive, the bulk drug that further comprises following ratio of weight and number: Radix Isatidis 5～10 weight portions, the fruit of glossy privet 5～10 weight portions, Poria cocos 5～10 weight portions, the root of large-flowered skullcap 5～10 weight portions, the capsule of weeping forsythia 5～10 weight portions, field pennycress 5～10 weight portions, Ligusticum wallichii 5～10 weight portions, cordate houttuynia 5～10 weight portions, reticulate millettia 5～10 weight portions, the red sage root 5～10 weight portions, cultivated land 5～10 weight portions, Radix Codonopsis 5～10 weight portions, the Radix Astragali 5～10 weight portions, oldenlandia diffusa 5～10 weight portions, the root bark of tree peony 5～10 weight portions.
5. described ominivore-fish feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that described feed adhesive further comprises: Strong flour and starch; The ratio of weight and number of described Strong flour and starch is 5-6:4-5.
6. described ominivore-fish feed according to claim 5 is characterized in that, uses starch to be cornstarch in the described adhesive, and the ratio of weight and number of wherein giving birth to starch and ripe starch is: 80-85:15-20.
7. described ominivore-fish feed according to claim 5 is characterized in that the Strong flour that uses in the described adhesive is the flour of protein wt degree 12%-38%.
8. preparation method of ominivore-fish feed as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that concrete steps are:
A. get fish meal, wheat bran, corn germ cake, inferior powder, rapeseed dregs, peanut meal, complex vitamin premix, mineral substance premix co-grinding by described ratio of weight and number and sieve, stir after pouring again the Chinese traditional medicine composition additive into, get raw mix;
B. get feed adhesive and add water, begin modifiedly, pour in the spraying machine after stirring;
C. also pour in the spraying machine obtaining raw mix among the step a, it is fully mixed, with 60 degrees centigrade of water temperature modulation in the spraying machine, open sprayer, stirred 1 minute rapidly, the sprayer water temperature is controlled at 60-70 ℃, and feed adhesive and raw mix are fully binded;
D. continue to be warming up to 90 ℃ and finish expandedly, put into granulator after making it evenly, granulate, sieve, cooling, drying obtains feed.
9. described preparation method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, the concrete method for making of described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive is: first described raw material medicaments in part by weight is counted ratio and add twice of water input multi-function extractor extraction, adding for the first time weight portion 8-10 times of water gaging decocted 1-2 hour, adding for the second time weight portion 4-8 times of water gaging decocted 1-2 hour, merge decocting liquid twice, filter to get filtrate; Heating is concentrated into pasty state, cools off after putting into 80 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven, grinds to form fine powder.
10. described preparation method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, get in the step that fish meal, wheat bran, corn germ cake, inferior powder, rapeseed dregs, peanut meal, complex vitamin premix, mineral substance premix co-grinding sieve by described ratio of weight and number, the aperture of sieving is the classifying screen of 0.25-0.35mm; In the step of described granulation, the granular size of making is 0.30mm～0.60mm.
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| CN111184775A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-05-22 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | Feed additive and application thereof in resisting carp herpesvirus |
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| CN103549219B (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2015-03-04 | 厦门星鲨动物保健品厂 | Drug feed additive for promoting skin health of aquatic animals and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104957436A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-10-07 | 青岛海之星生物科技有限公司 | Compound feed for juvenile Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and preparation method of compound feed |
| CN105053707A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-11-18 | 青岛海之源智能技术有限公司 | Mystus wyckioides compound feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN105961226A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-09-28 | 铜陵鑫安农业科技有限公司 | Disease-resistant rapid hilsa herring culture method |
| CN106107249A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-16 | 湛江国联饲料有限公司 | Feedstuff prepared by Java tilapia skin collagen protein |
| CN106421014A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-02-22 | 通化师范学院 | Feed additive composition for cold water fish and application thereof |
| CN106798193A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-06-06 | 新昌县柏克动物饲料技术开发有限公司 | Silver carp rearing feed addictive |
| CN109292945A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-02-01 | 天津地天科技发展有限公司 | A kind of green agriculture intestines gill health improver of water quality used for aquiculture |
| CN107691897A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-02-16 | 五河县金塘水产养殖有限公司 | A kind of bait for improving carp kidney cell digestion power |
| CN108740608A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-11-06 | 宿松县绿通生态农业专业合作社 | A kind of feed of grass carp and preparation method thereof |
| CN111184775A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-05-22 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | Feed additive and application thereof in resisting carp herpesvirus |
| CN114847415A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-08-05 | 山西中医药大学 | Functional traditional Chinese medicine bait for preventing influenza |
| CN114042101A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-02-15 | 广西壮族自治区兽医研究所 | Aquatic fish immunopotentiator and preparation method and application thereof |
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Address after: 266071 Shandong city of Qingdao province Hongkong City Road No. 32 Minmetals building room 1101 Applicant after: Yang Gaolin Address before: 266033 No. 138, Liu Liu Road, Sifang District, Shandong, Qingdao Applicant before: Yang Gaolin |
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