CN102845595B - Feed for herbivorous fishes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Feed for herbivorous fishes and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feed for herbivorous fishes. The feed comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of bone meal, wheat bran, bean cake, rice bran, rapeseeds, a composite vitamin premix, a traditional Chinese medicinal composite additive, a mineral matter premix and a feed adhesive. The traditional Chinese medicinal composite additive further comprises the following traditional Chinese medicine bulk drugs: dyers woad leaves, common andrographis herb, Indian bread, root of large-flowered skullcap, weeping forsythia capsule, patrinia herb, curcuma tuber, heartleaf houttuynia herb, Chinese magnoliavine fruit, red sage root, dodder seeds, tangshen, milkvetch root, heydyotis and white peony root. According to the invention, the feed for herbivorous fishes is in accordance with demands for intensive and large-scale production in the current aquaculture industry; a compound preparation is prepared from raw materials for the feed according to a certain proportion, which enables synergistic effects of the bulk drugs in the traditional Chinese medicinal composite additive to be better performed; a steaming process is utilized to allow starch in the feed adhesive to agglutinate at different temperatures, so the degree of expansion is increased, the degree of gelatinization of the starch is substantially improved, the effects of a chemical adhesive in feed processing can be totally replaced, and sinking performance and binding performance of the feed are enhanced, which is beneficial for growth and culture of herbivorous fishes and enables good economic benefits and social benefits to be created.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of feed of producing as raw material with animal, plant and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of herbivorous fishes feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Herbivorous fishes are with grass carp, and catfish is representative.These fish inhabit the rivers and lakes of plains region, and general happiness occupy middle lower floor and many pasture and water of offshore region of water.Property active, swimming rapidly, often hunts in packs.For typical herbivorous fishes.Because its growth is rapid, feed resource is wide, is one of four large Chinese carps of CHINESE FRESHWATER cultivation.The factor that affects fish bait quality mainly contains: 1. material quality; 2. processing technology and equipment; 3. equipment operating management; 4. formula Design.Material quality is the primary factor that determines fish bait quality.The selection of raw material, except according to conventional criteria, be the more important thing is the digestion feature that will consider by letting animals feed.For fish, its digestive system, not as good as terraria, must, from being conducive to the digest and assimilate of fish, select more should pay attention to this point for the raw material of postlarva and juvenile fish bait in the time selecting raw material.Noticeable especially have 2 points: the 1. enzyme processing of raw material.For improving juvenile fish to the digesting and assimilating of bait, should utilize digestive ferment in advance albumen and energy bins to be divided and carried out external digestion, albumen and energy component after processing, enzymeization are degraded.It should be noted that while selecting exogenous enzymes, should adapt with water temperature, this technology has been widely used in the production of enzymic fodder at present; 2. because some trace element has inhibitory action to digestive ferment as Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Cu2+ etc., its inhibiting rate reaches 50%～90%.For this reason, this class trace element is adopted coated chelating as far as possible or trace element is made to soap, these micro-metal ions and digestive ferment time delay are met, to reduce metal ion to digestion enzyme inhibition.
Growth of Grass Carps Ctenopharyngodon Idellus is rapid, and with regard to whole growth course, body long fastest-rising period is 1-2 age, body weight gain with 2-3 age for the rapidest.When 4 age fish reach after sexal maturity, increase and just significantly slow down.1 age in winter fish length be 340 millimeter, body weight is 750 grams of left and right; 2 age in winter fish length be about 600 millimeters, 3.5 kilograms of body weight; 3 age in winter fish length be 680 millimeter, approximately 5 kilograms of body weight; 4 age in winter fish length be 740 millimeter, approximately 7 kilograms of body weight; 5 age in winter fish body can reach 780 millimeter, approximately 7.5 kilograms of body weight; Maximum individuality can reach 40 kilograms of left and right.Growth of Grass Carps Ctenopharyngodon Idellus is fast, and individual large, maximum individuality can reach 40 kilograms.Meat fertilizer is tender, delicious.Every hectogram edible part is containing protein 15.5-26.6 gram, fatty 1.4-8.9 gram, heat 83-187 kilocalorie, calcium 18-160 milligram, phosphorus 30-312 milligram, iron 0.7-9.3 milligram, 0.03 milligram of thiamine, 0.17 milligram, riboflavin, 2.2 milligrams of niacins.Grass carp because of feeding habits simple, feed source is extensive, and growth is rapidly, output is high, what be often used as pond culture and lake, reservoir, river course mainly puts object in a suitable place to breed.After artificial induced spawning in 1958, the success of fertilization and hatching technology, fry, fingerling source easily, have become the main intensive culture object of China.Grass carp also can be removed in water body and littoral grass because of it, and is used for swinging and putting in a suitable place to breed one, two year outside by fisherman, with the weeding of opening up wasteland.Grass carp can be removed rapidly the various careless classes of water body because of it and is called as " pioneer ".China builds the ridge in You Jianghuang field, Guangdong latter stage the Tang Dynasty, fills with rainwater, puts grass carp in a suitable place to breed one, two years, to remove weeds, makes the record in ripe field.Together with grass carp is often raised together with silver carp, flathead, drop into green grass and raise grass carp, and be retained in feed in water and the refuse of grass carp discharge, decompose by fermentation, can be bacterial reproduction adapt circumstance is provided, and then turn out planktonic organism, bacterium and planktonic organism can be used as again the feed of silver carp, flathead.Grass carp is distributed widely in the plains region in Guangdong to the northeast of China except Xinjiang and Qinghai-Tibet Platean.After artificial induced spawning and insemination in 1958 is hatched successfully, many countries in Asia, Europe, the United States, non-each continent are migrated to
Fish meal is the key factor that affects fish culture, also must be to safety and environmental protection feed future development.In the production process of hard pellet diet, starch burn degree is low, causes the resistance to water of final products poor.And fish meal is higher to the requirement of resistance to water, the resistance to water that therefore improves fish meal just seems particularly important.In process the variation of various factors on quality of the fodder particularly resistance to water have larger impact.Set about optimized production process from process, improve processing conditions and be and improve the effective method of resistance to water.
China mainly concentrates on the research of extrusion technique in the pretreatment of food processing field and feedstuff, extruding fish meal production on also in the starting stage, on the one hand because extrusion machinery is relatively expensive, maintenance cost is higher, cause the production cost of fish meal to increase, thereby cause the raising of fish culture cost; Due in extrusion process, have various controllable factors and disturbing factor on the other hand, the variation of these factors has larger impact to product quality.If in process of production, can not control timely and effectively various factors, be difficult to ensure the stability of production process and the quality of final products.Therefore, carry out the impact of study various factors on final products resistance to water and sinking from feed processing technology, can provide technological guidance for actual production process, thereby be conducive to improvement of production process condition, improve fish meal quality, also be conducive to promote the healthy and sustainable development of fish culture industry, improve culture benefit.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, for the deficiencies in the prior art, provides one both nutritious, and allotment is simple, is beneficial to fish and digests and assimilates, and improves digestibility; For improving juvenile fish to the digesting and assimilating of bait, various compositions are mutually bonding again, and feed density improves, and products obtained therefrom is heavy property, adapts to the herbivorous fishes feed of fish life style; Add as required nutritional labeling and Chinese medicine composition, strengthen physique and the immunity of fish, improve flesh quality simultaneously.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of herbivorous fishes feed, comprise one or more in following component: bone meal, wheat bran, soya-bean cake, rice bran, vegetable seed, complex vitamin premix, Chinese traditional medicine composition additive, mineral substance premix, feed adhesive.
The ratio of weight and number of described component can be: bone meal 10-15 part, wheat bran 10-20 part, rice bran 10-15 part, soya-bean cake 10-15 part, vegetable seed 10-15 part, Chinese traditional medicine composition additive 1-2 part, complex vitamin premix 1-2 part, mineral substance premix 0.5-1 part, feed adhesive 10-15 part.
Described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive may further include following bulk drug: folium isatidis, Herba Andrographitis, Poria cocos, the root of large-flowered skullcap, the capsule of weeping forsythia, field pennycress, root tuber of aromatic turmeric, cordate houttuynia, the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine, the red sage root, the seed of Chinese dodder, Radix Codonopsis, the Radix Astragali, oldenlandia diffusa and the root of herbaceous peony.
The ratio of weight and number of the bulk drug of described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive can be: folium isatidis 5～10 weight portions, Herba Andrographitis 5～10 weight portions, Poria cocos 5～10 weight portions, the root of large-flowered skullcap 5～10 weight portions, the capsule of weeping forsythia 5～10 weight portions, field pennycress 5～10 weight portions, root tuber of aromatic turmeric 5～10 weight portions, cordate houttuynia 5～10 weight portions, the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine 5～10 weight portions, the red sage root 5～10 weight portions, the seed of Chinese dodder 5～10 weight portions; Radix Codonopsis 5～10 weight portions, the Radix Astragali 5～10 weight portions, oldenlandia diffusa 5～10 weight portions and the root of herbaceous peony 5～10 weight portions.
The ratio of weight and number of the bulk drug of described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive can also be: folium isatidis 5～8 weight portions, Herba Andrographitis 5～10 weight portions, Poria cocos 5～8 weight portions, the root of large-flowered skullcap 5～10 weight portions, the capsule of weeping forsythia 5～10 weight portions, field pennycress 5～8 weight portions, root tuber of aromatic turmeric 5～10 weight portions, cordate houttuynia 5～8 weight portions, the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine 5～8 weight portions, the red sage root 5～8 weight portions, the seed of Chinese dodder 5～10 weight portions; Radix Codonopsis 5～10 weight portions, the Radix Astragali 5～10 weight portions, oldenlandia diffusa 5～10 weight portions and the root of herbaceous peony 5～10 weight portions.
The ratio of weight and number of the bulk drug of described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive can be also: folium isatidis 5～10 weight portions, Herba Andrographitis 5～10 weight portions, Poria cocos 8～10 weight portions, the root of large-flowered skullcap 8～10 weight portions, the capsule of weeping forsythia 5～10 weight portions, field pennycress 8～10 weight portions, root tuber of aromatic turmeric 8～10 weight portions, cordate houttuynia 8～10 weight portions, the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine 5～10 weight portions, the red sage root 8～10 weight portions, the seed of Chinese dodder 5～10 weight portions; Radix Codonopsis 5～10 weight portions, the Radix Astragali 5～10 weight portions, oldenlandia diffusa 5～10 weight portions and the root of herbaceous peony 5～10 weight portions.
The ratio of weight and number of the bulk drug of described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive can be again: folium isatidis 5～10 weight portions, Herba Andrographitis 5～10 weight portions, Poria cocos 8～10 weight portions, the root of large-flowered skullcap 5～10 weight portions, the capsule of weeping forsythia 5～8 weight portions, field pennycress 5～10 weight portions, root tuber of aromatic turmeric 5～8 weight portions, cordate houttuynia 5～10 weight portions, the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine 8～10 weight portions, the red sage root 5～8 weight portions, the seed of Chinese dodder 5～10 weight portions; Radix Codonopsis 8～10 weight portions, the Radix Astragali 5～8 weight portions, oldenlandia diffusa 8～10 weight portions and the root of herbaceous peony 5～10 weight portions.
Described feed adhesive may further include: Strong flour and starch, wherein the ratio of weight and number of Strong flour and starch is, 5-6:4-5.
In described adhesive, using starch can be cornstarch, and wherein the ratio of weight and number of raw starch and ripe starch is, 80-85:15-20.
The Strong flour using in described adhesive can be the flour of protein wt degree 13.5%-42%.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of described herbivorous fishes feed, its concrete steps are: get bone meal, wheat bran, soya-bean cake, rice bran, vegetable seed, complex vitamin premix, mineral substance premix by described ratio of weight and number, co-grinding sieves, after pouring again Chinese traditional medicine composition additive into, stir, obtain raw mixture; Get feed adhesive add water start modified, after stirring, pour in spraying machine, aforementioned base materials mixture is also poured in spraying machine; it is fully mixed, by 60 degrees Celsius of water temperature modulation in spraying machine, open sprayer; stir 1 minute rapidly, sprayer water temperature is controlled at 60-70 DEG C, and feed adhesive and raw mixture are fully binded; continue to be warming up to 90 DEG C and complete expandedly, put into granulator after making it evenly, granulate; sieve; cooling, dry, obtain feed.
The concrete method for making of described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive can be: first described Chinese medicine material medicinal powder is broken into meal, more further repeatedly pulverizes, cross 120 mesh sieves, the fine powder amount that enable pass is crossed 120 mesh sieves reaches or is greater than 30%; Collect and obtain fine powder a by the fine powder of 120 mesh sieves; Can not drop into multi-function extractor by the meal of 120 mesh sieves again and extract twice, and add for the first time weight portion 8-10 times of water gaging and decoct 1-2 hour, and add for the second time weight portion 4-8 times of water gaging and decoct 1-2 hour, merge twice decocting liquid, filter to get filtrate; Heating is concentrated into pasty state, puts into after 80 DEG C of oven dry of baking oven coolingly, grinds to form fine powder b, and a is mixed with b.
Described bone meal, wheat bran, soya-bean cake, rice bran, vegetable seed, complex vitamin premix, the mineral substance premix got by ratio of weight and the number of copies, in the step of grinding and sieving, the aperture of sieving can be the classifying screen of 0.18mm; In the step of described granulation, the granular size of making can be 0.25mm～0.45mm.
The present invention's application Chinese herbal medicine strengthens physique and the immunity of fish, improve the disease control criterion that flesh quality meets the nuisanceless aquatic products industry of development completely, produces green aquatic product, research and production practices proofs Chinese herbal medicine are particularly useful for the needs of intensive, the large-scale production of current culture fishery as mixed feeding agent or feed addictive, they are formed to compound preparation by a certain percentage, the cooperative effect that can better bring into play medicine, plays the effect bringing out the best in each other; Starch in feed adhesive is binded under different temperatures with steaming process, strengthen dilation, starch burn degree is improved greatly, and the also effect of substituted chemistry adhesive in feed processing completely, has improved heavy water-based and the cohesive of feed, resistance to water is high, scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio is little, is beneficial to herbivorous fishes, the particularly absorption of juvenile fish growth, can guarantee to cultivate safe and efficient, create good economic benefit and social benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
The factor that affects fish bait quality mainly contains: 1. material quality; 2. processing technology and equipment; 3. equipment operating management; 4. formula Design.Material quality is the primary factor that determines fish bait quality.The selection of raw material, except according to conventional criteria, be the more important thing is the digestion feature that will consider by letting animals feed.For fish, its digestive system, not as good as terraria, must, from being conducive to the digest and assimilate of fish, select more should pay attention to this point for the raw material of postlarva and juvenile fish bait in the time selecting raw material.Noticeable especially have 2 points: the 1. enzyme processing of raw material.For improving juvenile fish to the digesting and assimilating of bait, should utilize digestive ferment in advance albumen and energy bins to be divided and carried out external digestion, albumen and energy component after processing, enzymeization are degraded.It should be noted that while selecting exogenous enzymes, should adapt with water temperature, this technology has been widely used in the production of enzymic fodder at present; 2. because some trace element has inhibitory action to digestive ferment as Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Cu2+ etc., its inhibiting rate reaches 50%～90%.For this reason, this class trace element is adopted coated chelating as far as possible or trace element is made to soap, these micro-metal ions and digestive ferment time delay are met, to reduce metal ion to digestion enzyme inhibition.The error of processing technology that raw material smashing fineness depends primarily on mixture homogeneity, adapt with curing degree, the various components that ensure to search for food every day, in allowed band, guarantees to cultivate efficiency.1. mixture homogeneity.Mixture homogeneity is except outside the Pass having with mixer performance, material characteristic, also relevant with the feed intake of mixing ratio, smashing fineness, fish.Existing mixture homogeneity analytical method is methyl violet, and mixing ratio is 1: 1 × 104, and crystal violet smashing fineness is 150 orders, granularity is 0.1mm, sampling amount is not less than 200g, and analysis sample is 10g, and detected object is that in fowl poultry animal minimum edible 10g analyzes the chicken of sample every day.This assay method only considers 10g analyzes in sample whether contain enough microcomponent populations, and does not consider that 10g analyzes microcomponent in sample and whether evenly distributes.Therefore,, when animal is when every day, amount was greater than 10g, the analytical method of this mixture homogeneity meets raising requirement.In the time that every day, amount was less than 10g, for example, analyze sample or every day amount below 1g, above-mentioned analytical method does not reach analyzes the mixture homogeneity of sample while being 10g.So, to every day feed intake be only the juvenile fish of 0.017g, 0.048g, 0.088g, 0.19g, its bait is measured mixture homogeneity with said method, may not necessarily meet the mixing quality requirement of juvenile fish.Only take to improve smashing fineness, reach under mixing index condition after measures such as reducing the standard analyzing the amount of sample or suitably improve mixture homogeneity, the requirement of mixture homogeneity just can meet amount and be less than 10g time.Wherein improve smashing fineness and be effective measures, ensure that the feed particles of taking in every day counts coincidence loss requirement.
2. the smashing fineness of energy, protein raw materials.The smashing fineness of energy, protein raw materials should be according to the digestion characteristics of aquatic animal, the raw material residing state that dissolves in extrusion process, and starch gelatinization and protein-denatured effect are determined.While being used for into fish bait, the smashing fineness of energy, protein raw materials is 40 order left and right, and granularity is 0.36～0.40mm; When the modified and kneading of extruder dissolves effect when fine, smashing fineness also can be 70 orders.
3. the smashing fineness of trace element.Trace element is difficult to formation and dissolves effect in extrusion process, still exists with graininess.The fineness of all kinds of micro-components in feed is mostly in 100 order left and right, and particle diameter is 0.144mm left and right.For guaranteeing the juvenile fish every day of the intake to various trace elements, its bait should, under the prerequisite mixing, meet the probable error requirement of taking in particle, and the trace element of absorption is on the basis that meets addition, and smallest particles number should not be less than 8～10.The grinding particle size of trace element should be according to different growing stages, and the probable error of taking in particle is determined.
Fish meal with animal and fowl fodder except the selection difference of the design of nutrient formulation, raw material, processing is granulated and more had its particular/special requirement, General Requirements fish feed pellets resistance to water in water is higher, lost to reduce, improve efficiency of feed utilization, this is also that proposed requirement is put into practice in the cultivation of mixed feed, also becomes raiser at present weigh the primary standard whether aquatic granulated feed is qualified in southern most areas.Also be that any enterprise will stride into the problem that first aquatic feeds industry must solve.
Bone meal is that to raise bone be the powder product that raw material is made.Can make the mineral feed of domestic animal, second-rate person can make fertilizer.The proportion that poultry bone accounts for trunk is very large, and pig is about 13%, Niu Yuewei 20.5%, and thin sheep even can reach 40%.Therefore, the utilization of poultry bone is also the big event of animal husbandry byproduct processing.Main component is tricalcium phosphate, gelatine and fat.Bone meal can divide three kinds of raw bone meal (coarse bone powder), degelatinized bone meal (steamed bone meal) and bone tankages.Coarse bone powder has another name called and boils bone meal, first will raise bone and crush, and through boiling 3～8 hours, remove portion grease and gelatine drop after moisture, are dried, pulverized to the greatest extent at the temperature of 100～140 DEG C, are finished product.Because wherein containing more protein and fat, be difficult to ensure and deposit.Steamed bone meal is without this fraud.It is manufactured system poultry bone is put in pressure pan, passes into steam, with the temperature heating of 105～110 DEG C, emits one time factice liquid every 1 hour, then by dry the residual backbone who removes most of grease and glue, pulverizing.Coarse bone powder and steamed bone meal be about calcic 23% and 30% respectively, phosphorus 10% and 14.5%.Bone meal is generally pale powder, water insoluble, and plant utilization is very slow, especially in calacareous soil, but very fast in acid ground.Can make base manure.Sneak in compost or barnyard manure and use after fermentation, can improve fertilizer efficiency.Also can be used as animal feed and toothpaste phosphor-included additive.The present invention's bone meal used is degelatinized bone meal (steamed bone meal).
Detailed description of the invention 1: be taken as bone meal 1000g, wheat bran 1500g, soya-bean cake 900g, rice bran 800g, vegetable seed 900g, complex vitamin premix 100g, Chinese traditional medicine composition additive 100g, mineral substance premix 50g, co-grinding.Raw material pulverize after all to sieve as the classifying screen of 0.10mm-0.18mm by aperture.
Described complex vitamin premix further comprises:
In every kilogram of fish meal:
V
a, 430mg; V
b2, 470mg; V
b6, 360mg; V
b12, 120mg; V
b1, 130mg; V
k, 210mg; Folic acid, 208mg; Biotin, 150mg; V
e, 300mg; Inositol, 500mg; Calcium pantothenate, 800mg; Nicotinic acid, 225mg; Choline Chloride, 900mg; V
d, 440mg.
Described mineral substance premix further comprises:
In every kilogram of fish meal:
ZnSO
4·7H
2O，0.865g;CaCO
3，1.43g;NaH
2PO
4，1.86g;KH
2PO
4，2.552g;CaCl
2，1.311g;MgSO
4·7H
2O，0.7g;KCl，0.448g;AlCl
3·6H
2O，0.034g;MnSO
4·6H
2O，0.229g;CuCl
2，0.53g;FeSO
4·7H
2O，0.8g;CoCl
2，0.038g;KI，0.038g。
Detailed description of the invention 2: the preparation method of phytophage fish meal Chinese traditional medicine composition additive: get folium isatidis 100g, Herba Andrographitis 100g, Poria cocos 100g, root of large-flowered skullcap 100g, capsule of weeping forsythia 100g, field pennycress 100g, root tuber of aromatic turmeric 100g, cordate houttuynia 100g, fruit of Chinese magnoliavine 100g, red sage root 100g, seed of Chinese dodder 100g, Radix Codonopsis 100g, Radix Astragali 100g, oldenlandia diffusa 100g and root of herbaceous peony 100g.First described Chinese medicine component is ground into meal, more further pulverizes, cross 120 mesh sieves, the fine powder amount that enable pass is crossed 120 mesh sieves is meeting or exceeding 30%, collects and obtains fine powder a by the fine powder of 120 mesh sieves; Can not drop into multi-function extractor by the meal of 120 mesh sieves again and extract twice, and add for the first time 8-10 times of water gaging and decoct 1-2 hour, and add for the second time 4-8 times of water gaging and decoct 1-2 hour, merge twice decocting liquid, filter to get filtrate; Heating is concentrated into pasty state, puts into after 80 DEG C of oven dry of baking oven coolingly, grinds to form fine powder b, after a is mixed with b to sieve as the classifying screen of 0.10mm-0.18mm by aperture.
Detailed description of the invention 3: get Strong flour 900g, mix with Treatment 510g and cooked maize starch 90g, its gelling point of cornstarch is 61 DEG C of beginnings, and 63 DEG C complete.Although gelling point is lower, adhesive is stuck with paste the same at the general Double-plate machine of bonding time image, and gel is rapid.Viscosity is conventionally between 27-32 second.After cornstarch stirs in normal-temperature water, its particle is dispersed into emulsus, but can not dissolve, and also can not absorb moisture content.If stop stirring, starch is deposited in bottom and forms gradually lump, once lump type becomes, then disperses just so uneasily, is scattered in the starch in water, starts to absorb moisture content and expand when heating.
So we adopt first and stir high-strength flour and starch mixture with a small amount of water, add the raw material fine powder mixing, after stirring, add in steam blower, after steam blower starts, in a few minutes, reaching 61 DEG C starts to accelerate to stir, in 1 minute, reach 70 DEG C, continue to be warming up to 90 DEG C, complete expansion.Very thickness of the starch of gel, its degree is depending on the amount of starch in water.
Detailed description of the invention 4: granular size 0.25mm～0.45mm when fish meal moulding is granulated.In pelletization, the material in each pressing mold hole is subject to the step extruding force of pressure roller, and the raw material of each extruding all changes to some extent.As the feed in pressing mold hole is divided into some sections, the difference between section and section is the basic reason that produces radial cracking.In the process of fish meal, pelletizing forming and cool drying are the main processing workshop sections that produces particle surface crackle.Crushing material granularity is inhomogeneous, particularly has some larger particles, easily causes in pelletization the stressed effect of material each several part inhomogeneous.In modified process, the amount of cure of material is inhomogeneous, and some do not have slaking or the lower material of amount of cure, as low in the stickiness of the component such as starch and protein, and poor plasticity is difficult for binding other components around.In the time of moulding, easily do not obtain suitable modified material position from these and crack.In addition, in mixed process, add water inhomogeneous or modified improper, can form the particle of semi-wet.In the time of cool drying, between the unbalanced part of these particles, there is different cooling and rates of drying, there is different shrinkage factors, very easily cause cracking.Keep particle length consistent, key is to ensure that particle stressed effect in the nib of granulator is consistent.Under the identical condition in aperture, the each hole of pressing mold, the length of particle depends on that pressing mold rotates a material by the amount of nib.Be subject to material to be subject to the impact of the suppression power of pressure roller and 3 factors of inventory by nib by nib resistance, material by the inventory of a certain nib.In mixed process, add water inhomogeneous, in modified process, material amount of cure is inconsistent, all can cause material suppressing.Stressed effect in journey is unbalanced, makes the particle produced different in size.
The present invention uses each bulk drug in Chinese traditional medicine composition additive:
The Radix Astragali is taking qi-restoratives as main, can invigorating qi for strengthening superficies, and diuresis holder poison, apocenosis, expelling pus and promoting granulation.For insufficiency of vital energy and blood, sore cave in, purulence becomes not burst or burst and do not hold back person for a long time.The Radix Astragali has the function of good promoting pus discharge and tissue regeneration, i.e. the abscess suppuration myogenic of disunion for a long time.Modern medicine study shows, the Radix Astragali includes and multiple antibiotic effective ingredient, and can strengthen the immunologic function of body, therefore can also be used for preventing the generation of some infectious disease." book on Chinese herbal medicine meets former " carries: " all void of Radix Astragali energy tonifying five zang organs, controls arteries and veins string spontaneous perspiration, rushes down yin fire, removes lung heat, losslessly sends out, and has sweat to stop." be the good medicine of promoting resistance and defence disease.
Cordate houttuynia is pungent, is slightly cold.Return lung channel, be used as medicine, the traditional Chinese medical science thinks that its taste is pungent, cold, energy is clearing heat and detoxicating, sore, promoting urination and removing dampness, stomach strengthening and digestion promoting are treated in the detumescence of row's pain, with controlling lung carbuncle that real heat, heat poison, damp evil, disease heat are trouble, sore swollen toxin, hemorrhoidal hemorrhage, retention of heat in the spleen and stomach etc., alone or compatibility compound, the equal determined curative effect of use of oral administration and externally or multiple Dietotherapy method among the people.Pharmacological research, cordate houttuynia master is containing volatile oil, and the multiple components such as decanoyl acetaldehyde decanoy acetaldehyde, have inhibition antibacterial action to various Xenorhabduses, coccus, influenza virus, Leptospira etc., and can improve human immunity regulatory function.
Field pennycress nature and flavor are bitter flat, have effect clearing heat and detoxicating, the broken stasis of blood of apocenosis.Can cure acute appendicitis, diarrhea, leukorrhea with reddish discharge, the stagnant stomachache of the stasis of blood in postpartum, red eye, swell pain.Enter stomach, large intestine, Liver Channel.Cure mainly clearing heat and detoxicating, the carbuncle that disappears apocenosis, blood circulation promoting competent silt.For acute appendicitis, lung carbuncle and sore and toxic, the chest abdomen pain due to the real hot stasis of blood is stagnant, the diseases such as the stagnant stomachache of the stasis of blood in postpartum.
The root of large-flowered skullcap has heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, and cool blood is antiabortive, detoxicating functions.Cure mainly the diseases such as warm heat disease, the infection of the upper respiratory tract, cough with lung heat, damp and hot jaundice, pneumonia, dysentery, hemoptysis, hot eyes, fetal irritability, hypertension, the swollen furuncle sore of carbuncle.The clinical practice of the root of large-flowered skullcap is antibacterial not worse than the coptis, and does not develop immunity to drugs.We are used in fungal culture miscellaneous bacteria and infect special severity by the strong feature of broad-spectrum antibacterial action, fine by root of large-flowered skullcap extract effect." Bencao Jingshu ": the root of large-flowered skullcap, its property is respectful clearly, so evil removing: so bitter eliminating dampness; So cold sensation of the genitalia victory heat, therefore main all heat.All hot persons, heat symptoms caused by an exopathgen with all over heat also, jaundice, intestines be out-of-the-way, let out dysentery, the disease of all damp and hot victory also, is analysed it, all diseases are from recover.Bitter cold can be except damp and hot, thus small intestine profit and water from by, source is clearly flowed also clean.The blood person of closing, real heat is at blood system, and instant heating human blood chamber, makes us obstructed through closing, damp and hot solution, Ying Qi is clearly and voluntarily also.Dislike sore subcutaneous ulcer erosion person, blood-head is stayed knot, and is that the swollen stain of carbuncle is also rotten: fiery ulcer person, internal heat blood trouble also, cool blood heat extraction, self-healing also.
Radix Codonopsis is flat, sweet, the micro-acid of taste.Return spleen, lung channel.Tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi, invigorating the spleen benefit lung.For a little less than the spleen deficiency syndrome of the lung, the palpitaition of breathing hard, anorexia and loose stool, void is breathed with cough and is coughed, and interior heat is quenched one's thirst." book on Chinese herbal medicine justice " carries: Radix Codonopsis power energy tonifying spleen nourishing the stomach, and moistening lung is promoted the production of body fluid, gas in tendon fortune, this is very mutually not far away with ginseng.Its outstanding valuable person, invigorating the spleen fortune and not dry, grows stomach-Yin and wet, and moistening lung and do not violate is cold and coolly nourished blood and is not partially grown greasyly, inspires clear sun, gas in vibration, and without just dry fraud.Radix Astragali tonifying Qi, can rise enriching spleen-QI, can admittedly show by beneficial lung again.Radix Codonopsis tonifying Qi, can only invigorating the spleen tonifying Qi, and without the power of solid table, but Radix Codonopsis can also nourishing generate fluid, and the Radix Astragali is without the effect of promoting the production of body fluid, the double energy of Radix Astragali Li Shui, and Radix Codonopsis is without Li Shui effect.This two tastes medicine share can tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi, improves resistance.
Capsule of weeping forsythia hardship, is slightly cold.Return lung, the heart, small intestinl channel.Function is clearing heat and detoxicating, dispersing swelling and dissipating binds.For ulcer, scrofula, acute mastitis, erysipelas, anemopyretic cold, warm disease is from the beginning of, warm joining the army, high hot polydipsia, coma is sent out spot, and heat is drenched renal shutdown.The medicinal part of the capsule of weeping forsythia is mainly fruit.Its shell, i.e. " sticking up " in " a kind of reed mentioned in ancient books sticks up detoxifying pills ".Contain forsythol, coumarin, oleanolic acid, saponin, citrin etc.There is the effects such as heat-clearing, removing toxic substances, dissipating bind apocenosis.Cure mainly warm, sore, scrofula, erysipelas, class's rash, influenza, be decocted in water for oral dose with fruit, or add in prescription.Be usually used in anemopyretic cold.Nature,taste and action: Chinese medicine bitter, cold nature.Clearing heat and detoxicating, mass dissipating and swelling eliminating.Anaesthetic bitter, cool in nature." association day " clearly, antidiarrheal.Cure mainly: Chinese medicine is controlled pyreticosis from the beginning of, anemopyretic cold, heating is vexed, abscess of throat, and macula, erysipelas, scrofula, carbuncle pyogenic infections from tumour or sore, acute nephritis, heat is drenched.The anaesthetic subcutaneous ulcer of harnessing the Yellow River, intestines shouting pain, " association day " disease, intestines heat.Sheng Nong's herbal classic ": main fever and chills, mouse impotence, scrofula, carbuncle is swollen, dislikes sore, goiter and tumor, knot heat, disease due to noxious agents produced by various parasites.
Poria cocos taste is sweet, light, property is flat, be used as medicine there is clearing damp and promoting diuresis, the function of beneficial spleen and stomach, antitoxic heart-soothing and sedative.Modern medicine study: Poria cocos energy enhanced machine body immunity function, pachymaran has significantly antitumor and protect the liver dirty effect.Poria cocos slightly sweet flavor is flat, enters the heart, lung, the spleen channel.There is eliminating dampness and diuresis, strengthening the spleen and stomach, effect of antitoxic heart-soothing and sedative.Can control difficult urination, oedema turgor, phlegm and retained fluid is coughed contrary, vomits contrary, and vomiting during early pregnancy, has loose bowels, seminal emission, stranguria with turbid discharge, palpitation with fear, forgetful disease such as grade.The Li Shui of Poria cocos, reaches by strong fortune spleen PFT, different from the Chinese medicine of other direct Li Shui.For splenasthenic diarrhea, the lower Poria cocos of band can invigorating the spleen, again can excreting dampness, and due to insufficiency of the spleen dysfunction of the spleen in transportation and transformation, to have loose bowels, be with down, application Poria cocos has the effect of giving consideration to both the incidental and fundamental, the compatibilities such as normal and Radix Codonopsis, the bighead atractylodes rhizome, Chinese yam.Can be used as tonifying lung spleen, control the adjuvant of the deficiency of vital energy.
Seed of Chinese dodder Cuscuta chinensis is the seed of the dicotyledon scammonia section plant seed of Chinese dodder, the southern seed of Chinese dodder, cuscuta japonica Choisy etc., has tonifying kidney and benefiting sperm, nourishes the liver to improve visual acuity, effect of solid tire stopping leak.The seed of Chinese dodder is improved the effect of fruit bat property vigor, its mating rate is obviously increased, its effect is strong and weak becomes positive correlation with administration concentration. to the mouse due to hydrocortisone " deficiency of yang " model, with making its deficiency of yang symptom have certain restitution after the seed of Chinese dodder, but fail to make animal to return to Normal group level. experiment shows: seed of Chinese dodder decocting liquid, to " deficiency of yang " mouse stomach, can make the vigor of its body weight, kidney weight, thymus gland weight, leukocyte count, red blood cell number, hemoglobin and superoxide dismutase significantly increase; Give male mice gavage, swimming time that can significant prolongation mouse and the time-to-live under anoxia condition, the nonspecific resistance of mouse is also had to humidification.
Bighead atractylodes rhizome bitter, sweet, temperature.Return spleen, stomach warp.Cure mainly strengthening the spleen and replenishing qi, eliminating dampness Li Shui, hidroschesis, antiabortive.Few for insufficiency of the spleen food, abdominal distension is had loose bowels, and phlegm and retained fluid is dizzy throbs with fear, oedema, spontaneous perspiration, fetal irritability.The bighead atractylodes rhizome has CDCC to oncocyte, can reduce the rate of increase of oncocyte, lowers the aggressive of tumor tissue, improves the ability of the antitumor reaction of body.Baizhu volatile oil has inhibitory action to mouse EC, lymphosarcoma ascitic type, the cancer of the esophagus (Ecal09), sarcoma 180 etc.Atractylodes lactone B lumbar injection is to the murine sarcoma people.Also there is remarkable inhibitory action." property of medicine opinion " carries it: monarch, taste is sweet, pungent, nontoxic.The large wandering arthritis of energy master, diarrhea due to disorder of qi for many years, trusted subordinate's distending pain, the broken place food that disappears, appetizing, removes sputum, removes fever and chills, under stopping, lets out.Interarea light is happy, preserves youthful looks, and de-black.The swelling of harnessing the river is full, tells to vomit contraryly, and crymodynia in abdomen, vomits and diarrhoea incessantly, and the cold dysentery of stomach Qi deficiency.
Folium isatidis is mainly used in heat poison and sends out the diseases such as spot, erysipelas, abscess of throat, aphthae, sore and toxic.This medicine extensive use clinically in recent years, controls above-mentioned all diseases except available, can be used for again the strongly fragrant lung of phlegm heat, cough up phlegm yellow thick; Especially be usually used in popular second encephalitis, both can be applied to prevention by single, can coordinate again radix bupleuri, honeysuckle flower, the capsule of weeping forsythia, Radix Isatidis, radix scrophulariae, the dried rhizome of rehmannia etc., can removing summer-heat gas divide, seek the heat poison dividing, availablely control various encephalitis, and comparatively suitable with partial heat type.Commercially available folium isatidis kind is a lot of all over China, and plant origin is different, again: acanthaceous vegetable acanthaceous indigo.Cruciferae isatis and smalt.Polygonaceae plant indigo plant.Legume wood is blue.The leaf of above plant, all uses as folium isatidis, also all can be as the raw material of indigo naturalis processed, and except wooden basket, its root all uses as Radix Isatidis.
Herba Andrographitis Herba Andrographitis is herb or the leaf of acanthaceous plant Herba Andrographitis (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees).Have another name called Chun Lianqiuliu, Banlangen, Lan Helian, andrographis paniculata, golden vanilla, golden tack, India's grass, eel grass etc.There are clearing heat and detoxicating, anti-inflammatory, swelling and pain relieving effect.Cure mainly bacillary dysentery, urinary tract infections, acute tonsillitis, enteritis, sphagitis, pneumonia and influenza etc., external application can be treated sore furuncle poison, trauma infection contamination etc.Clearing heat and detoxicating, cool blood detumescence.Control acute bacillary dysentery, gastroenteritis, flu, epidemic meningitis, tracheitis, pneumonia, pertussis, pulmonary tuberculosis, lung abscess, cholecystitis, hypertension, nosebleed epistaxis, oropharynx swells and ache, and sore furuncle carbuncle is swollen, scald, venomous snake bite." Jiangxi herbal medicine ": clearing heat and cooling blood, swelling and pain relieving, controls cholecystitis, bronchitis, hypertension, pertussis.
The main perverse trend stomachache of the root of herbaceous peony, except blood-arthralgia, broken hard long-pending, control fever and chills hernia lump in the abdomen, pain relieving, diuresis, beneficial gas." control lung perverse trend, Fu Zhong Xu pain, vim and vigour are gathered, and logical a surname's internal organs are gathered around gas, control evil pain sepsis, disease bone heat when main, strong the five internal organs, kidney tonifying gas, controls trusted subordinate's heavily fortified point swollen, and married woman's blood closes obstructed, and the hemostasis that disappears can lose purulence." root of herbaceous peony has humidification to the phagocytic function of macrophage. with 50% root of herbaceous peony water decoction 0.8ml/ only raise every day to mouse, continuous 5 days, phagocytic percentage and the phagocytic index of Turnover of Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages are all significantly improved compared with control group. and to mouse stomach, also can promote the phagocytic function of its peritoneal macrophage with white peony root's total glycoside 40mg/kg every day. experimental results show that: white peony root's total glycoside has regulating action to the phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophage, white peony root's total glycoside produces interleukin 1 to lipopolysaccharide-induced rat peritoneal macrophages and has the effect that low concentration promotes and high concentration suppresses, because interleukin 1 all plays an important role in the formation of immunological regulation and chronic inflammation disease, therefore can think, it may be that it is brought into play immunological regulation and prevents and treats one of arthritic mechanism that white peony root's total glycoside regulates the generation of interleukin 1. also there is experiment to show: white peony root's total glycoside produces leukotriene B4 to rat peritoneal macrophages and is inhibitory action, and there is a dose-dependence, the non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug flufenamic acid of the inhibitory action of 100mg/L and same dose is suitable, but act on slower. its 50% inhibiting rate is 0.66mg/L, so the anti-inflammatory of white peony root's total glycoside may be also relevant with its generation that affects leukotriene B4 with immunoregulation effect.
Root tuber of aromatic turmeric is pungent, bitter, cold.Return liver, the heart, lung channel.Function cures mainly: promoting blood circulation and stopping pain, promoting qi circulation and removing obstruction in the collateral, the cool blood that clears away heart-fire, normalizing gallbladder to cure jaundice.Be used for through closing dysmenorrhoea, chest and abdomen swelling and pain, shouting pain, pyreticosis coma, epilepsy is gone mad, and jaundice urine is red." book on Chinese herbal medicine just ": antiemetic blood, bleeding from five sense organs or subcutaneous tissue; Alone married woman's cold air blood of controlling amasss, and knot gather qi together is stagnant, and trusted subordinate has a pain." Bencao Jingshu ": root tuber of aromatic turmeric originally enters the gas medicine of blood system, it is controlled and goes up all blood trouble persons, is just calling row on blood, all belongs to interior showing tremendous enthusiasm inflammation, this medicine energy sending down abnormally ascending, gas falls is that fire falls, and general character enters blood system, therefore can fall internal heat, the not absurd row of blood.
The fruit of Chinese magnoliavine, is commonly called as mountain flower green pepper, sliding weight of steelyard, the medicine fruit of Chinese magnoliavine, face rattan, five plums etc., and " the sweet acid of five tastes skin and flesh, works hard in core, has saline taste " carried in Tang etc. " Tang materia medica ", therefore there is the name of the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine.Ancient medical book Cheng Ta Chi Zhu, profound and, meeting and, list in the earliest Sheng Nong's herbal classic top grade, herbal function is the power of strengthening by means of tonics, medical value is high.Restrain astringent or styptic treatment for spontaneous sweating, nourishing generate fluid, kidney calming.Breathe heavily for the void of coughing for a long time, emission, enuresis frequent micturition, endless diarrhea, spontaneous perspiration, night sweat, Tianjin wound is thirsty, the feeble pulse of losing heart, interior heat is quenched one's thirst, palpitation and insomnia.
Along with the expansion of crustacean aquaculture scale, the research of its disease and control is also caused day by day to people's attention.Grass carp is that economic worth is very high and have herbivorous fishes of larger cultivation potentiality.Its juvenile growth is fast, individual large, nutritious, very popular, has now obtained large-area popularization and cultivation.Along with increasing of water surface for aquaculture, the disease species of fish also can be increasing.Research discovery, many Chinese herbal medicines can improve immunity of organisms.Utilize Chinese herbal medicine to improve the Immunoresistance of grass carp, resist the ability of various diseases and a kind of beyond doubt good method of adaptive capacity of environment to external world thereby strengthen grass carp body.The present invention has added Chinese herb feed additive in feed, improves the effect of young grass carps nonspecific immunity power, to providing theoretical foundation for promoting the application of Chinese medicine immunity enhancer in fish culture diseases prevention.
Experimental study shows, herbivorous fishes feed of the present invention can strengthen the immunologic function of grass carp.
1.1.1 experiment material healthy grass carp is juvenile fish in the time that the body length of fish is respectively 5cm-12cm, and the juvenile fish of juvenile fish 7cm-12cm is used in this experiment.Choose specification in the same size.Experimental water family case specification is 80cm × 45cm × 45cm, depth of water 40cm, and experimental water is the running water after aeration, in aquarium, supports 2 days temporarily, after ingesting normally, starts experiment.Experiment periods every other day throw something and feed feed 2 times, feeding volume is 3%～5% of fish body weight, changes water every day 1 time, quantity of exchanged water approximately 1/3, continuous charge, water temperature is controlled at 25～28 DEG C.
Contrast feed: " board is contained by section " fish meal is produced in Zhejiang.
1.2 method
1.2.1 test method
Control group and of the present invention group every group each 50 juvenile fish are established in test, establish 5 groups parallel group simultaneously, and the control group control feed of throwing something and feeding, throws something and feeds for of the present invention group and added herbivorous fishes feed of the present invention, and Feeding time is 10d.
1.2.2 the grass carp of the experiment feed 10d that throws something and feeds is chosen in the extraction of fish liver pancreas, muscle extract at random, vivisection, take out fish liver pancreas, muscle, in 0.9% physiological saline of pH 7.2, press (w/v) homogenate in 1: 3,4 DEG C of centrifugal 6min of 1000r/min, get supernatant ,-20 DEG C save backup.
1.2.3 the mensuration of antibacterial activity (Ua) and Bacteriolytic activity (UL) adopts the methods such as improved Hultmark.
1.2.4 the mensuration of phenol oxidase (PO) vigor (APO), taking L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine as substrate, adopts the methods such as improved Ashida, and enzyme activity is with under experimental condition, and OD490 increase by 0.001 per minute is an enzyme activity unit.
1.2.5 the mensuration of peroxidase (POD) relative activity (APOD) adopts improved history to become silver-colored method.In extract, POD relative activity represents with APOD=A4-A3.
1.2.6 the mensuration of extract aggegation vigor (HA), taking Alsever's liquid as anti-agglutinant, is got blood, fully washs centrifugal (2000r/min × 5min) for several times with PBS, is made into afterwards the blood cell suspension of 1% (w/w); Getting 25 μ L extracts is added in V-shaped blood-coagulation-board, make multiple proportions serial dilution with PBS, then every hole adds isopyknic red cell suspension, after mixing in 28 DEG C of hatching 60min, observe agglutination activity, the criterion of extract aggregation can be with reference to " immunoassay technology ".
1.2.7 the mensuration of superoxide dismutase (S0D), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) relative activity (AKP) is with measuring kit measurement, and the mensuration of superoxide dismutase adopts the detection method of T-SOD.
1.2.8 data processing experimental result data represents by average ± standard deviation, adopts SPSS11.0 to carry out one-way analysis of variance to data.
2 results
2.1 measurement results of feeding the every immune indexes of grasscarp liver after feed of the present invention
Bacteriolytic activity, antibacterial activity, phenoloxidase activity, peroxidase activity two group differences compared with control group of of the present invention group are not remarkable.Hemagglutination activity, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase significant difference compared with control group of of the present invention group.Above result shows, the immune level of of the present invention group of juvenile fish is apparently higher than control group, in table 1.
Note: have same-sign # with each data acceptance of the bid in a line and represent not remarkable (P>O.05) of difference, the identical symbol ◇ of mark tool represents significant difference (P<0.05)
The raw material grinding particle size of fish different growing stages
Bacteriolytic activity, antibacterial activity, phenoloxidase activity, peroxidase activity difference compared with control group of of the present invention group are not remarkable, in grass carp muscle, hemagglutination activity is difficult to measure, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase significant difference compared with control group of of the present invention group, above result shows, the immune level of of the present invention group of grass carp is apparently higher than control group.
Resistance to water is a comprehensive index, and it has characterized conformality, absorbing property, the non-collapsibility and insoluble of feed in water.Resistance to water quality is to weigh the important indicator of aquatic feeds quality good or not.The feed of poor water resistance, drops into after water and the phenomenon such as easily dissolves, defeated and dispersed, causes the deposition of feed to waste, Water Eutrophication, severe contamination breeding water body.Water body situation plays vital effect in aquaculture.Good water body is conducive to improve the healthy growth of fish, improves survival rate and cultured output.If the every decline 1% of the resistance to water of feed, with approximately 2,000,000 tons of the annual fish meal output in the whole nation, 10,000,000,000 yuan of meters of the output value, lose 20,000 tons so every year, amount to 100,000,000 yuan, and the environmental pollution causing thus, water quality are ruined, are cultivated the indirect loss such as impaired and cannot estimate.In some places, because causing breeding water body, the poor water resistance of fish meal polluted, cause fish epidemic disease large-scale outbreak, cause the impaired phenomenon of fish culture industry for we have beaten alarm bell.Sinking is the most basic quality requirement of fish meal.Fish meal floats on the water surface or is suspended in water, can not be ingested by fish, has reduced the utilization rate of feed, has increased aquaculture cost.In addition, these unemployed fish meals, under the action of soaking of water, dissolve gradually and scatter and disappear, and also can cause water pollution.
In the raw material of fish meal, poor as the adhesion of the raw material of dietary protein origin taking fish meal, grouts, be mainly by the starch of gelatinization, various components to be sticked together, improve the anti-corrosion ability in water.Starch burn degree is the index that indirectly judges feed resistance to water.The technological process of production of grit fish meal mainly contains: pulverizing, mixing, modified, granulate, stable, cool drying etc.In these processes, the workshop section that affects starch burn degree mainly contains pulverizing, modified and stable.
Affect the whole bag of tricks of starch burn degree below with description of test
1. starch burn degree is measured
Starch burn degree is measured: beta amylase Hydrolyze method.Choose cornstarch, potato starch, starch from sweet potato is tested respectively, obtains cooked maize starch the highest at 60-63 degree Celsius of gelatinization degree.Treatment can reach maximum viscosity at 90 degrees Celsius, becomes glue.May be selected to be adhesive.
2. resistance to water is measured
2.1 water resisting time are measured
Measuring in the process of scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio, require the water resisting time of feed to be greater than two hours.Because the water resisting time of some feeds does not reach two hours, thus resistance to water need represent by water resisting time, adopt soak tweezer go out method measure.Get the beaker of 4 500mL, the 400mL that adds water respectively, puts in 25 DEG C of thermostatical water baths, drops into respectively 30 feed granules, records the time.After a period of time, in a beaker, with feed granules of the careful tweezer of tweezers, firmly degree is limited not make particle fall down, and slowly leaves the water, and observes the defeated and dispersed situation of particle.The particle taking out is discarded, other particle of tweezer one by one.Within different interval times, when defeated and dispersed granule number in a beaker reaches a half, write down the soak time of feed granules in this beaker, as the water resisting time of this feed.Result shows that the feed granules of making between 60-70 DEG C is difficult for defeated and dispersed most.
2.2 scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratios are measured the feed that is greater than two hours for water resisting time, and resistance to water represents with scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio, adopts quick Nephelometric Determination.Take respectively the particulate samples of certain mass in six pipe disintegration testers, disintegration 30min in the 1000mL deionized water of 25 DEG C.After disintegration finishes, take out disintegration pipe, solution, with after high speed bruisher homogeneous, pipettes l00mL disintegration liquid in turbidity pipe, with eddy oscillating device vibration 2min, puts into fast transmissometer, does reference with turbidity free water, regulates instrument zero, measures turbidity value, is designated as A1.Then accurately take and the crushed material of disintegration material equal in quality, immerse in 1000mL deionized water, constant temperature 20min in 25 DEG C of water-baths, stirs soak, gets the vibration of l00mL solution and surveys its turbidity, is designated as A2.The scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio of product (%)=A1/A2 × 100.Result shows that the feed granules scatter ratio, scatter and disappear ratio of making between 60-70 DEG C is minimum.
2.3 subsidence velocities are measured
Subsidence velocity refers to the average speed that feed granules sinks in water.Getting a diameter is 6cm, the transparent pipe that length is 45cm, and one section of sealing, depth of water 40cm, vertically places, and measures respectively feed granules and sinks to the time of managing the end from underwater.Parallel determination 20 times, calculates average subsidence velocity.Result shows that the feed granules subsidence velocity of making between 60-70 DEG C is the fastest.
3 pulverize resistance to water research
Under the pulverizer sieve sheet of 3.1 different pore sizes, crushing material granularity adopts the technique of first preparing burden and pulverizing afterwards to the research experiment process of resistance to water.Material has different geometric mean particle sizes after pulverizing by the sieve (2.0mm, 1.6mm, 1.0mm) of different pore size, mix 5min, pass into the steam that flow is 20g/min (steam pressure is 0.1-0.15MPa), after modified 2min, granulate, then at 90 DEG C of stable 30min, 105 DEG C of dry 30min, be cooled to after room temperature, measure index of correlation, the impact of research material geometric mean particle size on modified rear starch burn degree and final products resistance to water.
The research of crushing material granularity to resistance to water under the classifying screen of 3.2 different pore sizes
Experimentation adopts first to pulverize after (sieve aperture is 1.0mm) sieves again and prepares burden, and disintegrating process once circulates.After crushing material, pass through to adjust the pore size of classifying screen, make material all by aperture be 0.60,0.42,0.25,0.18, the classifying screen of 0.15mm, mix 5min, pass into the steam that flow is 20g/min, after modified 2min, granulate, then at 90 DEG C of stable 30min, 105 DEG C of dry 30min, be cooled to after room temperature, measure index of correlation.
4. modified to resistance to water research
4.1 modified rear moisture content of material adopt once circulation to pulverize to make material all after the classifying screen by certain pore size to the research of resistance to water, after adding respectively 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% moisture make to mix in mixed process, moisture content of material increases in gradient, pass into the steam that flow is 15g/min, after modified 2min, granulate, then at 90 DEG C of stable 30min, 105 DEG C of dry 30min, be cooled to after room temperature, measure index of correlation.
4.2 modified rear temperature of charge adopt once circulation to pulverize to make material all after the classifying screen by certain pore size to the research of resistance to water, do not add moisture in mixed process, pass into the steam that flow is 20g/min, modified 2min; Add 0.5% moisture, pass into the steam that flow is 18g/min, modified 2min; Add 2% moisture, pass into the steam that flow is 12g/min, modified 2min; Add 2.5% moisture, pass into the steam that flow is 10g/min, modified 2min; Add 5% moisture, without modified, after granulation, at 90 DEG C of stable 30min, 105 DEG C of dry 30min, be cooled to after room temperature, measure index of correlation.
4.3 modified times adopted once circulation to pulverize to make material all after the classifying screen by certain pore size to the research of resistance to water, added 2.5% moisture in mixed process, passed into the steam that flow is 40g/min, modified 30s; Pass into the steam that flow is 20g/min, modified 60s; Pass into the steam that flow is 10g/min, modified 120s; Pass into the steam that flow is 7g/min, modified 180s, at 90 DEG C of stable 30min, 105 DEG C of dry 30min, is cooled to after room temperature after granulation, measures index of correlation.
5. stabilisation adopts once circulation pulverizing to make material all by the classifying screen of certain pore size to resistance to water research, mix after 5min, pass into the steam that flow is 20g/min, after modified 2min, granulate, then be placed in immediately stabilizer airtight and insulation, equilibrium temperature be at 90,100,110,120 DEG C, stablize respectively 0,5,10,15,30,60min, after 105 DEG C of dry 30min, be cooled to room temperature, measure index of correlation, research stabilization temperature and time are to starch burn degree and resistance to water.
Obtain through experiment: the present invention utilizes plants starch and Strong flour to be mixed and made into adhesive, there is effect of chemical adhesive completely, can the production of substituted chemistry adhesive in fish meal, and have no side effect, also can be absorbed by fish, be a good adhesive.
Claims (4)
1. a herbivorous fishes feed, is characterized in that, comprises following component: bone meal, wheat bran, soya-bean cake, rice bran, vegetable seed, complex vitamin premix, Chinese traditional medicine composition additive, mineral substance premix, feed adhesive;
The parts by weight of described component are: bone meal 10-15 part, wheat bran 10-20 part, rice bran 10-15 part, soya-bean cake 10-15 part, vegetable seed 10-15 part, Chinese traditional medicine composition additive 1-2 part, complex vitamin premix 1-2 part, mineral substance premix 0.5-1 part, feed adhesive 10-15 part;
The parts by weight of the bulk drug of described Chinese traditional medicine composition additive are: folium isatidis 5～10 weight portions, Herba Andrographitis 5～10 weight portions, Poria cocos 5～10 weight portions, the root of large-flowered skullcap 5～10 weight portions, the capsule of weeping forsythia 5～10 weight portions, field pennycress 5～10 weight portions, root tuber of aromatic turmeric 5～10 weight portions, cordate houttuynia 5～10 weight portions, the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine 5～10 weight portions, the red sage root 5～10 weight portions, the seed of Chinese dodder 5～10 weight portions; Radix Codonopsis 5～10 weight portions, the Radix Astragali 5～10 weight portions, oldenlandia diffusa 5～10 weight portions and the root of herbaceous peony 5～10 weight portions;
Described feed adhesive comprises: Strong flour and starch, and wherein the parts by weight of Strong flour and starch are, 5-6:4-5;
The preparation method of described herbivorous fishes feed, concrete steps are: get bone meal, wheat bran, soya-bean cake, rice bran, vegetable seed, complex vitamin premix, mineral substance premix by described parts by weight, co-grinding sieves, then stirs after pouring Chinese traditional medicine composition additive into, obtains raw mixture; Get feed adhesive add water start modified, after stirring, pour in spraying machine, aforementioned base materials mixture is also poured in spraying machine; it is fully mixed, water temperature in spraying machine is adjusted to 60 degrees Celsius, open sprayer; stir 1 minute rapidly, sprayer water temperature is controlled at 60-70 DEG C, and feed adhesive and raw mixture are fully binded; continue to be warming up to 90 DEG C and complete expandedly, put into granulator after making it evenly, granulate; sieve; cooling, dry, obtain feed.
2. herbivorous fishes feed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, uses starch for cornstarch in described adhesive, and wherein the parts by weight of raw starch and ripe starch are, 80-85:15-20.
3. herbivorous fishes feed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the Strong flour using in described adhesive is the flour of protein wt degree 13.5%-42%.
4. herbivorous fishes feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described bone meal, wheat bran, soya-bean cake, rice bran, vegetable seed, complex vitamin premix, the mineral substance premix got by weight, in the step of grinding and sieving, the classifying screen that the aperture of sieving is 0.18mm; In the step of described granulation, the granular size of making is 0.25mm～0.45mm.
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| CN201210316570.2A CN102845595B (en) | 2012-08-31 | 2012-08-31 | Feed for herbivorous fishes and preparation method thereof |
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| CN201210316570.2A CN102845595B (en) | 2012-08-31 | 2012-08-31 | Feed for herbivorous fishes and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102845595B true CN102845595B (en) | 2014-09-10 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106387512A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-02-15 | 四会市恒星智能科技有限公司 | Puffing feed for silvery pomfret fingerlings and preparation method of puffing feed |
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| CN103284008B (en) * | 2013-06-08 | 2014-04-09 | 何兴江 | Ecological health-care type special feed additive for carps |
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| CN108522818A (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2018-09-14 | 合肥仙之峰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of disease-resistant health care of strong body promotees to absorb aquatic feeds and preparation method thereof |
| CN109221669A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-18 | 广西走山农牧开发有限公司 | A kind of aquaculture feed additive |
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| CN101077132A (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2007-11-28 | 侯彦卫 | Feed stuff for common carp |
| CN101233903A (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2008-08-06 | 吴江市邦农饲料有限公司 | Feed for breeding penaeus vannamei boone |
| CN102450485A (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2012-05-16 | 山东六和集团有限公司 | Shrimp feed and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101077132A (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2007-11-28 | 侯彦卫 | Feed stuff for common carp |
| CN101233903A (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2008-08-06 | 吴江市邦农饲料有限公司 | Feed for breeding penaeus vannamei boone |
| CN102450485A (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2012-05-16 | 山东六和集团有限公司 | Shrimp feed and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106387512A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-02-15 | 四会市恒星智能科技有限公司 | Puffing feed for silvery pomfret fingerlings and preparation method of puffing feed |
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| CN102845595A (en) | 2013-01-02 |
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