CN102612425A - 用于至少局部地连接弹性空心体的壁的方法以及空心体 - Google Patents

用于至少局部地连接弹性空心体的壁的方法以及空心体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102612425A
CN102612425A CN2010800512264A CN201080051226A CN102612425A CN 102612425 A CN102612425 A CN 102612425A CN 2010800512264 A CN2010800512264 A CN 2010800512264A CN 201080051226 A CN201080051226 A CN 201080051226A CN 102612425 A CN102612425 A CN 102612425A
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hollow body
wall
join domain
cavity
wall section
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CN102612425B (zh
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P.洛里格
T.罗黑泽克
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Mam Babyartikel GmbH
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Mam Babyartikel GmbH
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/022—Particular heating or welding methods not otherwise provided for
    • B29C65/026—Particular heating or welding methods not otherwise provided for making use of hot liquids, i.e. the liquid is in direct contact with the material to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
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    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于至少局部地连接由弹性材料制成的、具有至少一个开口(7)的空心体(1)的壁的方法，其中，将粘稠状的连接材料从其壁形成空腔(3′)的预成型空心体(1)的所述开口(7)引入两个壁段(10)之间或使所述壁段(10)彼此面对的表面熔化，以便形成粘性的连接材料，然后通过与所述空心体(1)的表面进行化学或物理的交联使所述连接材料转化成弹性状态，以便所述空心体(1)的所述壁段(10)在所述连接材料的区域内至少局部地相互连接，此外，本发明还涉及一种对应的空心体(1)。

Description

用于至少局部地连接弹性空心体的壁的方法以及空心体
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于至少局部地连接由弹性材料制成的、带有至少一个开口的空心体的壁的方法以及一种由弹性材料制成的空心体，其中，构成空腔的空心体壁在连接区域内至少局部地相互连接。
背景技术
为了制造完全封闭的空心体或至少部分封闭空心体的开口，空心体的壁需要至少局部地相互连接。在此尤其已知壁段相互粘接。但是弹性的空心体的壁段的粘接不利于各种不同的应用，尤其在给空心体加拉伸负荷时，因为空心体在粘接区域内具有与余下的空心体不同的弹性，所以在施加拉伸或挤压负荷时粘接部位通常不期望地以简单的方式相互松脱。
为了制造气球形的医学植入物，原则上由美国公开文本US2002/0173698 A1公开一种多次浸入硅酮槽中的阀设备。由此，用气球(Ballon)包覆优选由与硅酮槽的材料相同的材料组成的阀设备，该气球借助化学交联与阀设备连接。
此外，由英国公开文本GB2192549 A已知一种由硅酮材料制成的婴儿吸嘴，该婴儿吸嘴基本上完全用硅酮材料填充。设计成填充材料的硅酮材料在此具有比外壳的硅酮材料更小的硬度。
发明内容
而本发明所要解决的技术问题是，创造一种方法以及空心体，其中，将壁段至少局部地这样相互连接，使得尤其即使空心体在两个壁段的连接区域内受到拉伸负载也能够避免壁段意外地彼此松脱。
按本发明，该技术问题通过开头所述类型的方法解决，其中，将粘性的连接材料从其壁形成空腔的空心体的预成型开口引入两个壁段之间或使壁段彼此面对的表面熔化，以便形成粘性的连接材料，然后通过与空心体的表面进行化学或物理的交联使连接材料转化成弹性状态，以便空心体在连接材料的区域内的壁段至少局部地相互连接。通过为局部熔化的壁段引入粘性连接材料，亦即，尤其是未交联的橡胶，优选硅酮橡胶或熔化的热塑性弹性体(TPE)(在热塑性弹性体的情况下)，粘性的连接材料在(硅酮)橡胶材料的情况下通过与空心体的弹性表面化学交联而与空心体的弹性表面相结合或者通过在热塑性的弹性体中形成物理交联点(与粘接相反)而形成两个壁段内部的连接，该内部的连接尤其在加拉伸及挤压载荷时保持不松脱。因此，根据制成预成型空心体的材料，各壁段在硅酮、橡胶或乳胶材料的情况下一同硫化处理；而在热塑性的弹性体情况下，两个壁段的连接方式基本上对应于焊接。其壁段至少局部地相互连接的空心体可以在壁段连接之后为各种不同目的而使用。在此，尤其可以将这种在壁段连接之后还包围空腔的空心体用作奶嘴的吸吮元件，用作泵元件或进气泵、波纹管、促动器、压力平衡泡或压力平衡波纹管、进气辅助装置，用作吸管、定量配给辅助装置、弹簧和减震元件、浮子或例如防碰撞护罩。
加热空心体对于加速连接过程或将连接材料从粘性状态转变为弹性状态是有利的。当将空心体嵌入预热到温度为140℃至240℃，尤其是200℃的模具腔室中时，可以以简单的方式实现空心体的加热。
为将相互连接的壁段的总宽度，亦即壁厚保持得较小或者达到粘性的连接材料与空心体的壁段之间可靠的连接，有利的是，在粘性连接材料引入缝隙之前，将空心体在连接区域内的壁段相互靠近或挤压以便形成壁段之间的缝隙。
为了两个壁段的内部连接，在缝隙区域内突起的壁段可以相互贴靠，亦即，在连接区域内缝隙设计成不连续的，而设计这种区段，在该区段中壁段直接相互贴靠。若不追求壁段在连接区域内局部地相互贴靠，那么当然可以完全省去在该连接区域内的这种突起的壁段。
如果缝隙的高度或厚度是空心体在连接区域内的总厚度的10%至80%之间，尤其是约40%，则有利地实现较小壁厚的连接区域。
在时间方面有利的是，将壁段相互靠近或挤压3秒至120秒之间以便连接材料从粘性状态转变为弹性状态，其中，挤压或靠近时间与连接区段中材料的种类和空心体的壁厚有关。
为了在连接的壁段与在壁段局部连接之后也设计成空腔的空心体部分之间清晰的分离确保有利的是，优选腹条形的壁段在与连接区域连接的密封区域内这样相互挤压，使得防止粘性的连接材料进入与连接区域连接的空腔中。
在此，业已表明有利的是，在引入粘性的连接材料时，空心体在密封区域内的壁厚减小到壁段在连接之前壁厚的至少60%。
如果使用具有与组成空心体的材料基本上相同的化学结构的材料作为连接材料，则尤其保证了壁段内部的连接，使得连接或连接缝本身在剖面中几乎不可见。因此，在两个壁段连接之后基本上形成了一体式的壁段。
如果在两个壁段相互连接之前，将从开口延伸到空腔中的直线元件嵌入空心体中，则以简单的方式在连接区域内构成通道，该通道例如可以用作通风或进气通道。
为了设计与空心体固定连接的外部元件，例如把手、护罩或类似物，有利的是，与壁段连接的同时设计一布置在空心体外部的、与连接材料一体式构造的元件。
开头所述类型的空心体的特征是，相互连接的壁表面相互化学或物理交联。通过壁表面直接相互或借助连接材料化学或物理交联获得一种特别可靠、尤其即便在加拉伸负载时也不会松脱的连接。在此尤其有利的是，在两个壁的连接区域内设置连接材料，该连接材料具有与空心体的材料基本上相同的化学结构。
如果空心体在连接区域内的至少一个壁的内表面具有至少一个突起的间隔架，则连接的壁段以简单的方式相互挤压，因此在两个内表面之间的大部分上形成一个缝隙，该缝隙仅在间隔架的区域内中断。备选地，壁段也可以不用间隔架彼此靠近以便形成缝隙。
为了可靠地避免粘性的连接材料从连接区域压入空心体形成空腔的区域，有利的是，至少一个壁的内表面具有将基本上连接区域与空腔隔开的、相对壁其余表面突起的腹条。
如果空心体具有通向开口的通道，那么为形成通道通入空腔中的通入口有利的是，腹条具有至少一个凹处。如果在连接区域内设置至少一个将空腔与开口连通的通道，那么制造的空心体为各种目的例如可以用作奶嘴的吸吮元件、进气泵、促动器、吸管等。
为避免空腔的与通道相邻的区域空气密封地封闭通道从而使压力无法平衡，有利的是，内表面，尤其是与通道进入空腔中的通入口相邻地，在空腔的区域内具有突起。通过设置这种突起确保，空心体在可能的通道的通入区域内的两个壁非平面相叠地贴靠；因此确保弹性的空心体由于压力平衡而可以放松到其松弛的初始位置。
此外，为了提高空心体的弹性回复力适宜的是，壁在空腔的范围内至少局部地，尤其是在与连接区域连接的区段中具有比在连接区域内更大的壁厚。
为以各种目的使用空心体，可以将与连接材料一体式构造的元件，例如护罩、把手元件等设置在空心体的外部。外部的元件在此可以具有与空心体相比不同的颜色、刚性等，从而提供包括空心体的、一体式的双部件元件。
为各种不同的应用目的，例如作为吸吮元件或吸管的应用，有利的是，基本上设计鼓胀的空腔，在该鼓胀的空腔上连接有柄状的、带有开口的连接区域。在(奶嘴的)吸吮元件的情况下，鼓胀的空腔用作吸吮体，其中，奶嘴柄以有利的方式通过这两个壁段在柄状的连接区域内的连接相对于传统的、壁段没有局部相互连接的空心体可以具有更小的壁厚。若奶嘴罩与设置在柄状的连接区域内的材料一体式构造，则可以以简单的方式按双部件设计方案实现在设计成吸吮件的空心体与限制吸吮部进入口腔中的可导入性的护罩之间不会松脱的连接。视按本发明的空心体的应用而定，有利的是，空心体以及连接材料由弹性体，尤其是硅酮、热塑性弹性体(TPE)、或胶乳组成。
附图说明
下列根据优选的、但并不局限于此的实施例详细阐述本发明。在附图中详细示出：
图1是吸吮元件的立体图；
图2是图1所示吸吮元件的视图；
图3是图2所示吸吮元件的顶端的俯视图；
图4是图2所示吸吮元件的柄的俯视图；
图5是按图2中剖面线V-V切分的剖面图；
图6是按图5中剖面线VI-V1切分的剖面图；
图7是连接奶嘴罩部分的吸吮元件的剖视图；
图7a是与图7相似的剖面视图，其中，奶嘴罩与吸吮元件一体式构造；
图8是具有还未连接的壁段的预成型空心体的剖视图；
图9是用于在吸吮元件的柄区域内连接壁段的设备的立体图；以及
图10是嵌入吸吮元件的设备的立体图。
具体实施方式
在图1和图2中示出设计成吸吮元件的、具有设置在柄区域2中的开口7的空心体1。柄区域2在此与基本上封闭构造的、具有空腔3′的、鼓胀的吸吮体3连接。柄区域2的端侧具有法兰4，在该法兰4上构造三角形的法兰突起5。法兰突起5使尤其是空心体1，在它预成型之后，从注塑模具中精确定位地取出并且以简单的方式将制造成预成型坯的空心体1装入模具15(参见图9和图10)中以便连接壁段10。空心体1可以具有不同的表面硬度，其中，如附图中所示，尤其在膨胀的吸吮体3的外表面区域内可以设置粗糙的表面结构6，其中，在此测得的表面光洁度Rz优选在10μm与50μm之间。表面粗糙区6在此连续地延伸过吸吮元件1的顶端，如尤其在图3中可见。
在图4中可见在法兰区域内较大的开口7，该开口7设计用于装配在奶嘴罩17(参见图7)上。在其他例如作为吸泵、吸管或类似物的应用中，该横截面较大的开口当然可以省掉或设计得更小。此外，在图4中可见，通道8通入开口7中。
如在图5中所示，通道8从空腔3′延伸经过连接区域9，该连接区域9基本上与柄2重合。在连接区域9中，空心体1的壁段10(除了通道8外)相互连接。因此，通道8建立空腔3’到横截面较大的开口7或周围环境中的连接，以便在空心体1的空腔3’和周围环境之间可以实现可靠的压力平衡。
在按图6的剖视图中可见，吸吮元件1在连接区域9中具有比在吸吮体3的区域中更小的壁厚，优选在连接区域内的壁厚优选为0.6mm至1.2mm之间。此外，在空腔3’与连接区域连接的区域内设有增大的壁厚(也参见图5)，以便吸吮体3具有一定的形状稳定性并因此确保它在挤压到一起之后又回复到其初始状态。
此外，可见间隔元件11，通过该间隔元件11确保在连接区域9中的壁段10挤压到一起时，在内表面10′之间留下一条缝隙，在该缝隙中，经过开口7引入的弹性连接材料，尤其是硅酮，在转变为弹性的最终状态之前可以分布到连接区域9中。但是一旦壁段10在连接区域9内的内表面不相互挤压，而是以一种形式仅这样相互靠近，使得在内表面之间实现期望的用于容纳粘性材料的缝隙宽度以便连接壁段10，则完全可以去掉间隔元件11。
为了防止粘性的连接材料渗入空腔3’中而设置突起的腹条12，该腹条12使连接区域9与空腔3′隔开。腹条12在此具有凹处13，当粘性的连接材料渗入时模具15的销钉14位于该凹处13中(参见图9和图10)，以确保粘性的连接材料不会经过凹处13渗入空腔3’的内部。同时，由模具15的销钉构成通道8，因此该通道8通入腹条12的凹处13中；由此，在壁段10连成一体之后可以实现空腔3’与周围环境之间可靠的压力平衡。
与同时形成通道8至空腔3’内的通入口的凹处13相邻，在空腔3’的内表面上设计***状的突起16。由此确保，在空腔3’挤压到一起时，空腔3’的壁没有空气密封地封闭凹处13或通道8而使压力平衡无法实现。因此，通过突起或凸起16可靠地保证压力平衡。
在按图7的剖视图中可见，在柄区域2中在连接两个壁段10之后单壁构造的柄2以传统的方式装配在奶嘴罩8上。为此，设置本身已知的固定元件18，该固定元件18借助栓状的凸起18′压入空心体1的横截面较大的开口7中，其中，然后柄2或法兰4形面配合地或摩擦接合地承接在奶嘴罩17与固定件18之间。因为通道8在连接区域内借助奶嘴罩17或固定件18保持畅通，所以可以实现对空腔3′可靠的通风以及与周围环境的压力平衡。
在图7a中示出一种备选的实施例，其中，设置在空心体外部的元件17′、以奶嘴罩17的形状设计成与设置在连接区域9中的连接材料一体式的。因为连接材料具有与空心体1的材料基本上相同的化学结构，所以有利地得到奶嘴罩17在空心体1上的一种可靠的、不会松脱的连接。此外，因为连接材料完全可以具有比空心体1的材料更高的硬度，所以可以同时(若期望)构造奶嘴罩8，该奶嘴罩8相对空心体1具有更大的刚性。
在图8中示出预成型的空心体1，其具有鼓胀的空腔3’或吸吮体3和柄区域2，在该柄区域2中设置开口7，其中，此处壁段10在柄区域2中仍未相互连接。尤其还可见，连接区域9或柄区域2中的壁厚小于吸吮体3的区域内的壁厚。因此，在壁段10相互连接之后，在柄区域2中两个壁厚之和比在传统空心体奶嘴的情况下更小。
在图9和图10中，示出用于连接空心体1的壁段10的模具15，在此，一般预热到约180℃至220℃的模具15具有用于容纳空心体1的至少一个区段的腔室19。空心体1在此借助开口7插在横截面基本上呈椭圆形的基座20上，在该基座20上连接有用于形成通道8的销钉14以及用于形成横向通道的销钉14′以便与固定件18中的空气通道相连接。在柄2的区域内，这样构造腔室19，使得在放上上砂型时，连接区域9中的壁段10在形成尤其是约0.9mm缝隙的情况下相互靠近。在柄的一端，腔室19具有突起的腹条19′，以便壁段10在与连接区域9连接的密封区域内相互挤压，从而避免粘性的连接材料进入空腔3’中。在腹条19′上连接有凹陷的用于容纳形成空腔3′的吸吮体3的空腔19"。
在安放好模具15对应的上部之后，为了使连接区域9中的壁段10在形成自由缝隙的情况下以约0.3至1.5mm，尤其是约0.9mm的宽度相互靠近并且将密封区域中壁段10的壁厚减小到至少约60%，可以通过喷口21将粘性连接材料21引入连接区域9中。在此，它就化学结构而言是与制成空心体1相同的材料，亦即，在吸吮元件的情况下，优选是硅酮材料，其中，该材料当然可以具有不同的肖氏硬度、颜色等。
然后，基本上在室温时引入空心体1的两个壁段10之间的缝隙中的硅酮在约220℃下停留约20秒，因此它与壁段10化学交联并且转变成弹性状态。因此，连接区域9中的两个壁段10最紧密地相互连接，以便尤其即使在受拉伸负载时两个壁段10也不会有彼此松脱的危险。
当然，借助这种方法任何空心体1都可以局部地在开口区域内相互连接，因此能够制造各种物体，例如泵元件、促动器、进气辅助装置、吸管、压力平衡泡、定量配给辅助装置、弹簧和减震元件、浮子以及防碰撞护罩和类似物。

Claims (24)

1.一种用于至少局部地连接由塑料制成的、具有至少一个开口(7)的空心体(1)的壁的方法，其特征在于，将粘稠状的连接材料从其壁形成空腔(3′)的预成型空心体(1)的所述开口(7)引入两个壁段(10)之间或使所述壁段(10)彼此面对的表面熔化，以便形成粘性的连接材料，然后通过与所述空心体(1)的所述表面进行化学或物理的交联而使所述连接材料转化为弹性状态，以便所述空心体(1)的所述壁段(10)在所述连接材料的区域内至少局部地相互连接。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，加热所述空心体(1)。
3.按权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述空心体(1)嵌入模具(15)的腔室(19)中，该腔室(19)预热到140℃至240℃的温度之间，尤其是200℃。
4.按权利要求1至3之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述空心体(1)在所述连接区域内的所述壁段(10)相互靠近或挤压以便形成所述壁段(10)之间的缝隙。
5.按权利要求1至3之一所述的方法，其特征在于，使在所述缝隙区域内的所述壁段(10)局部地相互贴靠。
6.按权利要求4或5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述缝隙的高度或厚度是所述空心体(1)在所述连接区域(9)内的总厚度的10%至80%之间，尤其是约40%。
7.按权利要求1至6之一所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述壁段(10)在3至120秒之间相互靠近或挤压以便使连接材料从粘性状态转化为弹性状态。
8.按权利要求1至7之一所述的方法，其特征在于，优选腹条形的壁段(12)在与所述连接区域(9)连接的密封区域中这样相互挤压，以防止所述粘性的连接材料进入与所述连接区域(9)连接的空腔(3′)中。
9.按权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，在引入所述粘性的连接材料时，所述壁段(12)在所述密封区域中的壁厚减小到在所述壁段(10)连接之前所述壁段(12)的壁厚的至少60%。
10.按权利要求1至9之一所述的方法，其特征在于，作为连接材料使用一种具有与组成所述空心体的材料基本上相同化学结构的材料。
11.按权利要求1至10之一所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述两个壁段(10)相互连接之前，将从所述开口(7)延伸到所述空腔(3′)中的直线元件(14)嵌入所述空心体(1)中。
12.按权利要求1至11之一所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述壁段(10)连接的同时，构造一布置在所述空心体(1)外部的、与所述连接材料成一体式的元件(17′)。
13.一种由弹性材料制成的空心体(1)，其中，所述空心体(1)的构成空腔(3′)的壁在连接区域(9)内至少局部地相互连接，其特征在于，所述壁相互连接的表面相互化学或物理交联。
14.按权利要求13所述的空心体，其特征在于，在两个所述壁的连接区域(9)中设置连接材料，该连接材料具有与所述空心体(1)的材料基本上相同的化学结构。
15.按权利要求13或14所述的空心体，其特征在于，所述空心体(1)在所述连接区域(9)内的至少一个壁的内表面(10′)具有至少一个突起的间隔架(11)。
16.按权利要求13至15之一所述的空心体，其特征在于，至少一个壁的内表面(10′)具有基本上隔开所述连接区域(9)与所述空腔(3′)的、相对所述壁的其余表面突起的腹条(12)。
17.按权利要求16所述的空心体，其特征在于，所述腹条(12)具有至少一个凹处(13)。
18.按权利要求13至17之一所述的空心体，其特征在于，在所述连接区域(9)中设置至少一个使所述空腔(3′)与所述开口(7)连通的通道(8)。
19.按权利要求18所述的空心体，其特征在于，内表面、尤其与所述通道(8)的通入所述空腔(3′)的通入口相邻地，在所述空腔(3′)的区域内具有突起(16)。
20.按权利要求13至19之一所述的空心体，其特征在于，在所述空腔(3′)的区域内的所述壁至少局部地，尤其在与所述连接区域(9)连接的区段中，具有比在所述连接区域(9)中更大的壁厚。
21.按权利要求13至20之一所述的空心体，其特征在于，与所述连接材料一体式构造的元件(17′)设计在所述空心体(1)的外部。
22.按权利要求13至21之一所述的空心体，其特征在于，设计基本上鼓胀的空腔(3′)，在该空腔(3′)上连接有柄状的、带有所述开口(7)的连接区域(9)。
23.按权利要求22所述的空心体，其特征在于，奶嘴罩(17)与在柄状的所述连接区域(9)中设置的材料一体式地构造。
24.按权利要求13至23之一所述的空心体，其特征在于，所述空心体(1)以及所述连接材料由弹性体，尤其是硅酮，热塑性弹性体(TPE)或胶乳组成。
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