CN102487693A - High-yield cultivation method for planting precocious upland cotton variety in precocious cotton area - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method for planting precocious upland cotton variety in precocious cotton area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for planting a precocious upland cotton variety in a precocious cotton area, in order to solve the problem of greatly reduced output caused by the windstorm disaster in a southern Xinjiang precocious cotton area or the precocious and middle-mature varieties after late sowing is performed. Different from the traditional cultivation method for the precocious and middle-mature varieties, the high-yield cultivation method is characterized in that: 1) the sowing time is delayed for 10-25 days; 2) the sowing density is increased by 1000 strains per mu; 3) topping is performed before and after July 20, the topping time is delayed for 8-12 days, the number of leaved fruit spurs is increased to 1-2 and the stem length is increased to 5-10cm; 4) after topping, the chemical regulating times is changed into two from one, the elongation of the top fruit spurs is boosted, the number of the coped buds and the bud yield are increased; and 5) the pre-frost yield rate is increased from 95% to above 98%. According to the high-yield cultivation method provided by the invention, the output of cotton is not reduced by the after-culture or late-culture, the output of pre-frost lint is slightly increased, the level of the lint is increased and the income of a cotton planter is increased.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the agriculture cultivation technology field, relate to a kind of cotton high yield growing method.
Background technology:
Xinjiang is vast in territory; Ecotype is various, from north orientation south, Xinjiang cotton be divided into special precocious, precocious, inferior precocity (ripe early), in ripe four ecotype cotton regions; Wherein time precocious cotton region area is maximum; Mainly be distributed in the basin, South Sinkiang, ripe cotton variety in the main plantation early in this district was distributed in 135～140 days breeding time.With respect to ripe cotton variety in morning, early-maturing variety has short, characteristics such as output is lower breeding time, and therefore, early-maturing variety is not generally planted in inferior precocious cotton region.Yet South Sinkiang time precocious cotton region spring (mid-April～mid-May) weather that area is wide is changeable, and disaster caused by a windstorm is frequent, so replay has become an important farming measure after the cotton calamity.In addition, it is bigger that cotton area is planted in the South Sinkiang, and the sowing peak period can not be sowed and late sowing by the influence of factors such as weather, agricultural machinery, manpower, about 30% plot on schedule.After reducing disaster-stricken or late sowing, give economic benefit that the cotton grower brings loss, plot plantation early-maturing variety disaster-stricken or late sowing should be a prefered method.Therefore the research of Shine Early cotton flower variety high-yield cultivating method is carried out in time precocious cotton region in the South Sinkiang, makes early-maturing variety obtain high yield in inferior precocious cotton region, for reseed after the calamity of South Sinkiang, aspect such as increasing peasant income is significant.
Summary of the invention:
Broadcast the back disaster caused by a windstorm or fail after planting caused on schedule a series of problems in order to solve time precocious cotton region, South Sinkiang; Biological property to the Shine Early cotton flower variety; Propose a kind of in the South Sinkiang high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method of time precocious cotton region plantation Shine Early cotton flower variety, to reach time precocious cotton region, South Sinkiang disaster-stricken or fail after planting to plant the purpose of the not underproduction of early-maturing variety, the not reduction of income on schedule.
In order to address the above problem; The present invention realizes through following technical scheme: a kind of high-yield cultivating method of planting precocious upland cotton kind in inferior precocious cotton region, time precocious cotton region, implementation South Sinkiang are suffered from disaster or are failed after planting to sow the precocious upland cotton kind in North SinKiang on schedule.Cotton planting is in loam and light loam, and its high-yield cultivation method is:
(1) broadcasts the preceding cotton field of preparing to suffer from disaster and in time to mend soil sand on mould film, the cleaning film, make the full film of its film clean; The plot of failing on schedule to sow uses weed killer herbicide that soil is carried out chemical weed control, in time rakes the soil level then, so that land readjustment, in small, broken bits, no weeds.
(2) kind select the precocious upland cotton improved seeds in North SinKiang, and selection criteria is: the 1. North SinKiang kind resistance promoted of large tracts of land kind, especially disease resistance preferably in recent years requires anti-withered anti-verticillium wilt); 2. in early-maturing variety, select relatively long kind breeding time, breeding time at 125～130 days better.
(3) sowing optimum period rob broadcast, sowing depth is controlled at 2.0～3.0cm.Several 1.6～1.7 ten thousand strains of mu sowing strain reach several 1.4～1.5 ten thousand strains of mu results strain.
(4) field management
Broadcast back management high density high-yield culturing, take all necessary measure and improve the strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings as far as possible.At first to slap the field soil moisture content, improve seeding quality, carry out one and broadcast full stand, even and the bar field 90% or more of will accomplishing to emerge, also to strengthen the artificial work of keeping a full stand of seedings of assisting.
Seedling management reaches " early emerge, strive full stand, stay even seedling, urge early to send out strong sprout " management objectives.
Chemical regulation adhere to short control combine, because of the principle of seedling regulation and control and " early, gently, duty ".The plant growth regulator that said chemical regulation uses is mepiquat chloride, and change control 4～5 times: 4 leaves wholeheartedly carry out the accent first time, and the mu consumption is at 0.5～1.0g; 6 leaves wholeheartedly carry out the accent second time, and the mu consumption is at 1.0～1.5g; 8 leaves are wholeheartedly changed accent for the third time, and the mu consumption is at 2.0～3.0g; Treat after pinching that top first fruit branch is elongated to 6.0～8.0cm (about 4～5 days) and carries out the change accent the 4th time, the mu consumption is at 4.0～5.0g; Treat that top second fruit branch is elongated to 6.0～8.0cm (about 4～5 days) and carries out the change accent the 5th time, the mu consumption is at 8.0～10.0g.Additional 1～2 changed control when the kind that growing way is strong should be selected, and the mu consumption is determined by circumstances.
Rationally rich water cotton field fertilization principle should be: sufficient nitrogen, steady phosphorus, mend potassium, be equipped with boracic, zinc, the more little fertilizer of manganese is main.Nitrogenous fertilizer 45%, phosphate fertilizer 80%, potash fertilizer 40% are made base manure, and all the other are done and topdress.N: P: K=1: be advisable at 0.4: 0.3.The full phase mu in high yield cotton field is executed urea 70kg, threeflod calcium superphosphate 28kg, potassium sulphate 22kg.Mu is submitted a tender fertile 240.Irrigation before seeding winter irrigation water yield 150m
3/ mu, spring irrigation rehydration amount is at 180～200m
3Generally before and after June 10, dripped, drip the amount of dripping 20～25m June 1～2 time
3/ mu; Drip and to execute 9-10kg, N: P: K and drip 33: 1: 18 July 4～5 times, at every turn the amount of dripping 30～35m
3/ mu, the stage is thrown fertile 32kg, N: P: K is 37: 1: 12; Drip August 4 times, at every turn the amount of dripping 25-30m
3/ mu; Stage is thrown fertile 20kg, N: P: K is 41: 0: 6; Drip the amount of dripping 20m September 1 time
3/ mu.At the beginning of late August to 9 month, be according to cotton growing way and climate conditional decision cotton the drip number of times and the water yield.
In time pinch and should not be too early also should not adhere to a too late principle of " branch when not waiting, time to not waiting ".Stay 9～10 on fruit branch, the end of pinching mid-July.Require when pinching to destroy crowd's point of cotton plant both sides in the lump.In conjunction with liquid manure and chemical regulation, plant height is controlled at 70～80cm.
Diseases and pests controlling: adopt the policy of " putting prevention first keypoint control ", change at every turn control will the time additional prevention to cotton thrips, cotton bollworm, aphid and two spotted spider mite, strengthen insect survey simultaneously, spray boundary belt around in time in the cotton field; Aphid and two spotted spider mite are taked the method for preventing and treating of " look into, insert, smear, pluck, be coated with, spray ", carry out keypoint control being controlled at center strain and spot film stage.Conscientiously do a good job of it the census operations of the land for growing field crops and the cotton field blight of reserving seed for planting, destruction is pulled out in the blight strain in conjunction with generaI investigation.
Short precocious, the anti-early ageing of term of opening bolls management and remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe, increase bell heavy, improve output and fiber quality.
(5) in time gather in the crops
Rationally arrange collecting time.Behind middle part cotton boll blow-of-cottons and moisture loss, the harvesting first time is carried out in manual work, and mid or late September was an one-period with 10～15 days afterwards approximately, carries out second and third, plucks for four times, and is clean up to plucking.Carry out 8～September 17 September if want mechanical picking, mechanical disleave to be operated in.The defoliation ripening agent of using is to take off to tell grand 12.0g/ mu and ethrel 120.0g/ mu, treat the whole blow-of-cottons of top bell after, receive the few cotton field of soil moisture earlier, the back is received soil moisture cotton field how; The cotton field that elder generation's receipts disleave early, defoliation effect is good, back receipts disleave is late, the cotton field of defoliation effect difference.Rationally formulate track route, hit loss, strive for that pick up rate reaches more than 95% with minimizing.
Through the method described in the present invention, precocious upland cotton kind is planted in time precocious cotton region in the South Sinkiang, 1.4～1.5 ten thousand strains of mu results; Several 9～10 of boll per plant, single bell weighs 5.2～5.5g, ginning outturn 40～42%; The flower rate reaches more than 98% before the frost, and mu can be gathered in the crops lint yield 180～200kg.
The present invention has the following advantages and good effect
(1) method of the present invention; Can solve time precocious cotton region, South Sinkiang broadcast under back disaster caused by a windstorm or the late sowing condition plantation early output that medium variety causes descend the degradation problem significantly; Output is reduced; And pre-frost lint yield is slightly increased, and increase the gined cotton grade, improve the income of planting cotton-wool field and worker.
(2) method of the present invention shows with traditional medium variety cultivation method difference morning: 1. postponed sowing time 10～25 days; 2. thickness of sowing has increased about 1000 strain/mus; 3. pinch before and after July 20, make the time retardation 8～12 days of pinching, make and stay fruit branch to increase by 1～2, plant height increases by 5～10cm; 4. pinch back chemical regulation number of times by once changing into twice, help the elongation of top fruit branch, improved a few days and the bolling rate of caping bell; 5. the flower rate is brought up to more than 98% by 95% of ripe upland cotton kind in morning before the frost.
Embodiment
Test among the present invention was arranged in 1 of farming one teacher of the Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang in 2009～2010; Test material is North SinKiang early-maturing variety " new land early No. 33 " and " new land early No. 45 "; Contrast is promoted " No. 41, the middle cotton institute " of medium variety early for 1 large tracts of land of an agricultural teacher; Carry out the sub-district experiment in 2009, supply the sub-district area of examination and check variety to be 1 mu; The cultivated area of 2010 " new land early No. 33 ", " new land early No. 45 " and " middle cotton No. 41 " is respectively 150,70,100 mu.
A kind of high-yield cultivating method at inferior precocious cotton region plantation Shine Early cotton flower variety comprises following step:
Stubble was paddy rice ground before soil selected this experimental field, selected the general plot of soil fertility, and the soil texture is advisable with loam and light loam; The content of organic matter >=0.8%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen >=50mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus >=40mg/kg; Available potassium >=120mg/kg, soil salt content＜0.2%.In addition, if preceding stubble is a cotton field, the incidence of special concern cotton field fusarium wilt, verticillium wilt.
1, kind is selected the big improved seeds of popularizing area in the precocious upland cotton in North SinKiang, relatively grows breeding time (being advisable in 125～130 days), and anti-blight, anti-verticillium wilt if preceding stubble is that cotton and disease are heavier, must be selected disease resistance kind preferably.
Moisture in the soil early sowing (20～May 5 April approximately) should be fitted in the cotton field of the disaster-stricken or late sowing of sowing date for early sowing, and sowing depth remains on 2.0～3.0cm.Adopt the 6 row sowings of 1 film, the wide 178cm of film, line-spacing 10cm, 66cm, 10cm, 66cm and 10cm, spacing in the rows 9～10cm (the kind selected plant of plant type compactness increases planting density slightly apart from 9cm)." new land early No. 33 ", " new land early No. 45 " sowing on April 26, " No. 41, middle cotton institute " sowing on April 13.
The said method of science rich water total fertilization amount in time of infertility mu is executed urea 70kg, threeflod calcium superphosphate 28kg, potassium sulphate 22kg.Mu is submitted a tender fertile 240.Its N/P ratio example N: P: K=1: be advisable urea base manure urea 30kg, diammonium phosphate 20kg, potash humate 10kg before broadcasting at 0.4: 0.3.Through the cotton field that the Winter-Spring is irrigated, rely on the ground moisture in the soil to emerge.Begin to drip before and after June 10, drip the amount of dripping 20m June 2 times
3/ mu; Drip that to execute 10kg, N: P: K be 33: 1: 18; Drip July 4 times, at every turn the amount of dripping 35m
3/ mu, the stage is thrown fertile 30kg, N: P: K is 37: 1: 12; Drip August 4 times, at every turn the amount of dripping 30m
3/ mu; Stage is thrown fertile 20kg, N: P: K is 41: 0: 6; Drip the amount of dripping 20m September 1 time
3/ mu.
5, the plant growth regulator that uses of the said chemical regulation of severization control is mepiquat chloride, and change control 5 times: 4 leaves wholeheartedly carry out accent first time, and mu consumption is at 0.5g; 6 leaves wholeheartedly carry out the accent second time, and the mu consumption is at 1.0g; 8 leaves are wholeheartedly changed accent for the third time, and the mu consumption is at 2.0g; Treat after pinching that top first fruit branch is elongated to about 8.0cm (about 4～5 days) and carries out the change accent the 4th time, the mu consumption is at 5.0g; Treat that top second fruit branch is elongated to about 8.0cm (4～5 days) and carries out the change accent the 5th time, the mu consumption is at 10.0g.Also additional agricultural chemicals prevents cotten aphid, cotton bollworm, two spotted spider mite etc. during eachization control.
6, optimum period, pinches and stays that 9～10 on fruit branch, July 15 begin to pinch, 16 end of day.Crowd's point the cotton plant both sides when pinching is destroyed in the lump.In conjunction with later stage liquid manure and chemical regulation, plant height is controlled at 75～80cm.
7, in time gather in the crops
In late September, 2009 is that unit begins manual harvesting with the sub-district, carries out the second time mid-October and plucks, and late October plucks for the third time, and cotton is plucked totally basically after three times." new land early No. 33 ", " new land early No. 45 " and " No. 41, middle cotton institute " per mu yield seed cotton yield are respectively 501.60kg, 468.40kg, 478.60kg; Lint yield is respectively 196.40kg, 189.70kg, 192.20kg; The flower rate reaches 100% before " new land early No. 33 ", " new land early No. 45 " frost, and " No. 41, middle cotton institute " is merely 95%.
In late September, 2010, the land for growing field crops began manual for the first time the harvesting, and early October is carried out the harvesting second time, and late October plucks for the third time, and early November carries out the 4th time and plucks." new land early No. 33 ", " new land early No. 45 " and " No. 41, middle cotton institute " per mu yield seed cotton yield are respectively 470.40kg, 472.60kg, 442.50kg; Lint yield is respectively 185.40kg, 191.40kg, 182.30kg; The flower rate reaches more than 98% before " new land early No. 33 ", " new land early No. 45 " frost, and " No. 41, middle cotton institute " is merely 95%.
Claims (1)
1. high-yield cultivating method of planting precocious upland cotton kind in inferior precocious cotton region; It is characterized in that planting precocious upland cotton kind in inferior precocious cotton region; With solve time precocious cotton region, South Sinkiang disaster-stricken reseed and late sowing after the culture technique problem of plantation early-maturing variety, its method is:
(1) broadcasts the preceding cotton field of preparing to suffer from disaster and in time to mend soil sand on mould film, the cleaning film, make the full film of its film clean; The plot of failing on schedule to sow uses weed killer herbicide that soil is carried out chemical weed control, in time rakes the soil level then, so that smooth, in small, broken bits, the no weeds in scholar ground.
(2) kind select the precocious upland cotton improved seeds in North SinKiang, and selection criteria is: the 1. North SinKiang kind (resistance is kind preferably, and especially disease resistance requires anti-withered anti-verticillium wilt) promoted of large tracts of land in recent years; 2. in early-maturing variety, select relatively long kind breeding time.
(3) sowing optimum period rob broadcast, sowing depth is controlled at 2.0～3.0cm, several 1.6～1.7 ten thousand strains of mu sowing strain reach several 1.4～1.5 ten thousand strains of mu results strain.
(4) plant growth regulator that uses of the said chemical regulation of chemical regulation is mepiquat chloride, and change control 5～6 times: 4 leaves wholeheartedly carry out accent first time, and the mu consumption restrains 0.5～1.0; 6 leaves wholeheartedly carry out the accent second time, and the mu consumption is at 1.0～1.5 grams; 8 leaves are wholeheartedly changed accent for the third time, and the mu consumption is at 2.0～3.0 grams; Treat after pinching that top first fruit branch is elongated to 6.0～8.0cm (about 4～5 days) and carries out the change accent the 4th time, the mu consumption is at 5.0～6.0 grams; Treat that top second fruit branch is elongated to 6.0～8.0cm (about 4～5 days) and carries out the change accent the 5th time, the mu consumption is at 8.0～10.0 grams.
(5) in time pinch and too early also should not stay 9～10 on fruit branch too late, the end of pinching mid-July.Require when pinching to destroy crowd's point of cotton plant both sides in the lump.In conjunction with liquid manure and chemical regulation, plant height is controlled at 70～80cm.
(6) rationally the said method of rich water total fertilization amount in time of infertility mu is executed urea 70kg, threeflod calcium superphosphate 28kg, potassium sulphate 22kg.Mu is submitted a tender fertile 240.Its N/P ratio example N: P: K=1: be advisable urea base manure urea 30kg, diammonium phosphate 20kg, potash humate 10kg before broadcasting at 0.4: 0.3.Through the cotton field that the Winter-Spring is irrigated, rely on the ground moisture in the soil to emerge.Begin to drip before and after June 10, drip the amount of dripping 20m June 2 times
3/ mu; Drip that to execute 10kg, N: P: K be 33: 1: 18; Drip July 4 times, at every turn the amount of dripping 35m
3/ mu, the stage is thrown fertile 30kg, N: P: K is 37: 1: 12; Drip August 4 times, at every turn the amount of dripping 30m
3/ mu; Stage is thrown fertile 20kg, N: P: K is 41: 0: 6; Drip the amount of dripping 20m September 1 time
3/ mu.Late August topdresses, dripping finishes.
(7) diseases and pests controlling adopts the policy of " putting prevention first keypoint control ", change at every turn control will the time additional prevention to cotton thrips, cotton bollworm, aphid and two spotted spider mite, strengthen insect survey simultaneously, spray boundary belt around in time in the cotton field; Aphid and two spotted spider mite are taked the method for preventing and treating of " look into, insert, smear, pluck, be coated with, spray ", carry out keypoint control being controlled at center strain and spot film stage.Conscientiously do a good job of it the census operations of the land for growing field crops and the cotton field blight of reserving seed for planting, destruction is pulled out in the blight strain in conjunction with generaI investigation.
(8) in time results are rationally arranged collecting time.Behind middle part cotton boll blow-of-cottons and moisture loss, the harvesting first time is carried out in manual work, and mid or late September was an one-period with 10～15 days afterwards approximately, carries out second and third, plucks for four times, and is clean up to plucking.Carry out 8～September 17 September if want mechanical picking, mechanical disleave to be operated in.The defoliation ripening agent of using is to take off to tell grand 12g/ mu and ethrel 120g/ mu, treat the whole blow-of-cottons of top bell after, carry out machinery and adopt cotton.
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| CN114503893A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-05-17 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Xinjiang early-middle-maturing upland cotton chemical topping and later-period management method |
| CN117084165A (en) * | 2023-09-11 | 2023-11-21 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Breeding method of early-maturing high-yield hybrid cotton |
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