CN102511285A - Double direct-seeding and high-yield cultivation method for interplanting of wheat and spring cotton - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a double direct-seeding and high-yield cultivation method for interplanting of wheat and spring cotton, which includes: firstly, configuring row spacing, namely planting six rows of wheat and one row of cotton as one belt, wherein row spacing of wheat is 12cm, cotton-wheat spacing is 30cm, equal row spacing of cotton is 120cm after the wheat is harvested; secondly, planting on both high ridges and low ridges, leveling a land to obtain high ridges and low ridges with a machine before seeding of the wheat, planting one row of the cotton in the middle of each high ridge and planting six rows of the wheat on each low ridge, wherein a base of each high ridge is 54cm in width, the top of each high ridge is 44cm in width, each high ridge is 12cm in height, and each low ridge is 66cm in width; thirdly, mulching all high ridges; fourthly, performing no complementary seedling planting when one to two seedlings are missed in each row of emergent cotton seedlings, complementarily planting one cotton seedling when three seedlings are missed and growing the seedling as a triple-stem cotton seedling, reapplying flowering and boll-forming fertilizer when the cotton plants in a field start flower, and topping the cotton plants according to the principle of dependence on no branch growth but time when 666.7m2 of fruit braches bear 42000-45000 fruits. The double direct-seeding and high-yield cultivation method for interplanting of wheat and spring cotton has the advantages that mechanical operation is expanded in the double direct-seeding and high-yield cultivation mode of wheat-spring cotton interplanting with 6/1 row spacing, and machinery plays a large role in operations within a production cycle, such as land preparation, ridging, wheat-cotton seeding, wheat harvesting, wheat stubble removal, and intertillage, soil loosening, fertilizing, pesticide spraying and the like for the cotton field.

Description

A kind of method of cultivation of cotton two live pair of high yields of wheat cover spring

Technical field

The invention discloses a kind of method of cultivation of cotton two live pair of high yields of wheat cover spring.

Background technology

The alleviation of wheat-cotton intercropping cultivation having become at present one shortening cotton region grain and cotton is striven ground contradiction; Want output, want benefit to ground to light, making a shortening cotton region is the main product cotton region, is again main grain-producing area; The agricultural production pattern that meets practical demand; It has inherited the fine tradition of intensive cultivation, has implanted the modern science and technology theory again, can China's grain and cotton production be promoted major step forward.But in actual production, there are two hang-ups, affect the increase of area popularization and benefit.The one, labourer's technical quality difference is bigger, on critical production link, loses control of, and the late-maturing wheat that causes of cotton is late-maturing, and an evening, all influenced output evening, and two ripe advantages are obvious inadequately.The 2nd, because the cotton line-spacing unreasonable allocation of wheat, the MU degree is low, and artificial input is many.In addition, new variation has also taken place in rural laborer's structure, and people's consciousness of tilling the land all the more tendency is simplified production procedure, and to requiring, the generation of these factors has hindered the quick expansion of the cotton two ripe areas of wheat towards the low producer that drops into high production.

Summary of the invention

The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of cultivation of cotton two live pair of high yields of wheat cover spring.Solution of the present invention is to it is characterized in that this method comprises: one, configuration line distance, consider from two aspects emphatically; The one, utilize luminous energy to greatest extent, embody the wheat ginnings and take into account, the 2nd, be fit to mechanical farm work; Changing three traditional same form line-spacings, four or two formula line-spacings, 62 type line-spacing is the hexastyle line-spacing, and promptly six row wheat delegation cottons are a band, wheat line-spacing 12cm; Cotton wheat spacing 30cm receives behind the wheat row 120cm such as cotton, and cotton wheat respectively takes up an area of 50%.The cover mode wheat ginnings property taken into account is strong between this hexastyle; Leaf-area coefficient was less than 0.2 before cotton buddingged; Shared space availability ratio is extremely low, and the wheat space is occupied about 70%, Bian Hangneng with cotton seedling capable in surplus light utilization; Wheat ventilation and penetrating light condition is good, and is very favourable to increasing mu spike number, grain number per spike and thousand kernel weight.Cotton is occupied than large space to wait line mode after the wheat harvest, and illumination condition is good, and cotton buds and bolls are many, expulsion rate is low, mashed bell is few, lodging resistance is strong, and is favourable to cotton plant growth, output formation and the short ten minutes of maturation early; Two, high furrow and low furrow combine plantation, before wheat cultivation, are made into high furrow and low furrow to ground, the wide 54cm of high furrow base portion, the wide 44cm of end face with machinery; Ground between the plantation delegation cotton in the middle of the high 12cm of furrow, high furrow, two high furrow promptly forms low furrow; The low wide 66cm of furrow plants six row wheats in the low furrow, the real sown scope of wheat is wide to be 60cm; This height furrow planting patterns can be dwindled the two discrepancy in elevation during the cotton symbiosis of wheat, reduce the wheat shading, alleviates the weak seedling of cotton.High furrow light-receiving area is big, it is fast to heat, and can promote cotton prematurity.High furrow can also be the winter protection of keeping out the wind of wheat safe overwintering, can make low furrow include more rainy snow in, strengthen the wheat freezing tolerance.Arrived when need water before and after the wheat jointing, also made the moisture in the soil stage, realized that through the casting in open wheat high furrow of secretly spreading and sinking in watering wheat makes the moisture in the soil dual purpose on the occasion of high furrow.The wheat water requirement is big, evaporability is strong; It is heavier that cotton seedling on the high furrow often shows drought; In to wheat pouring flowering grouting water, in the lump cotton has been replenished moisture, this drought restraining the growth of seedlings, the short seedling mode of water can prevent effectively that cotton seedling longitudinal growth is too fast, for the wheat harvesting is reduced trouble.The more important thing is that if there are not high furrow, it then is difficult matter that each time of wheat watered, and not only influences wheat yield, has also aggravated the contradiction between cotton wheat, two kinds of crops all can the underproduction; Three, science is selected kind for use, and wheat breed will be selected the high yielding variety of semiwinterness, short, middle fringe, big grain for use.Breeding purity >=99%, cleanliness >=98%, germination rate >=85%, moisture 13%.Cotton variety selects for use breeding time in 125 days, and plant type is compact, and growth is sane, the transgenosis hybrid cotton kind that disease resistance is strong, and we adopted the states of 121 days breeding times to examine prosperous autumn of transgenosis hybrid cotton No. 2 always in recent years.Utilize the ripe property of kind and regulate sowing time and shorten the cotton symbiosis time of wheat, realize two live pair of high yields through scientific management with the good characteristic of kind; Four, it is big that high plot of land film all standing, high furrow have a light-receiving area, heats fast advantage, under the condition of mulch film all standing, heats, is incubated, preserves soil moisture, anti-careless better effects if, can make cotton seedling growth fast, grow early, premunition is strong, management is more easy.Mulch film width=high furrow width+high furrow height+10% coefficient is pressed in the film limit limit row base portion of planting wheat in the low furrow.

Control measures on the farming: 1, suitably adjust sowing time, the cotton symbiosis phase of wheat was forced down about 40 days, sowing stage of wheat is in 23-28 day in October, the date of seeding of spring cotton variety than local pure do the spring cotton a little later, sowing was generally accomplished in the cotton region, northwest in Shandong Province-30 days on the 25th April; 2, early looking into seedling fills the gaps with seedlings; By every possible means realize full stand, the disconnected ridge phenomenon of being short of seedling is one of key factor that influences output, will do effort aspect the seedling saving from damage more; The cotton apparent row that is unearthed of wheat should be looked into seedling immediately; Reseed before the back two leaf stage of emerging with same kind, when being short of seedling is arranged afterwards again, should transplant seedlings to mend in the early tillering stage and plant.Cotton will be looked into seed and had or not to fall dried phenomenon before emerging, pinpoint the problems and handle early.Lack 1-2 after cotton emerges and do not mend, lack three benefits and plant one and retained three stems cotton; 3, notice that the cotton control is long, the wheat cotton is watered and can bring prosperous length to cotton, does not add control and may have grown into high thin that a high bar carefully is prone to bend over surely, not only grows and postpones, and increase the trouble when receiving wheat.Therefore, change control in right amount in wheat first three sky that waters.Later on each growing stage all will carry out necessary chemical control according to growing way at that time, increases the bell slip-off preventing very effectively to increasing flower bud.Cotton was pinched behind the heart 8-10 days, also was the last of cotton field control, and it is great that this changes the control effect, and it is long control superfluous blastogenesis, reduces and repaiies cotton recruitment, can block group sharp overhanging control non-available nutrient consumption, can be with concentrated flower bud, flower, the bell of feeding to of the nutrient of saving; 4, in time control worm, the plot of wheat-cotton intercropping is with pure to do the plot different, because the variation of ecological condition, pests occurrence rule and the mechanics of insect change thereupon, compare as the cotton field with pure, and cutworm, corn borer, two spotted spider mite are taken place heavier, note observing and prevent and treat.8 month temperatures are higher, and when rainfall was frequent, the control of fleahopper silk worm will be paid special attention in the cotton field, and the xeothermic meeting of weather increases the weight of endangering of two spotted spider mite.Fix a point to investigate, comprise insects such as cotton aphid, cotton bollworm, reach the timely insecticide spraying of index for control; 5, stubble-cleaning waters.Wheat furrow stubble-cleaning early are very favourable to the cotton growth growth, can make cotton slow down longitudinal growth speed rapidly, accelerate horizontal branches and leaves expansion, destroyed the insect living environment through stubble-cleaning simultaneously, killed the part insect.Low furrow watered and can accelerate wheat root wheat straw and rot this moment, can keep the skin wet for the cotton on the high furrow simultaneously, removed damage caused by a drought.Number of times is more because wheatland waters, and the cotton root system growth is more shallow, and drought-resistant ability is relatively poor, when August, continuous drought appearred in weather, takes the circumstances into consideration drought resisting and waters, and can continue until early September; 6, see that colored heavy dressing flower bell is fertile.Because the cotton root system distribution is different from the pure spring cotton that does, a little less than fertilizer sucting ability shows, should see that heavy dressing flower bell is fertile when colored in the field, every 666.7m ²Impose about urea 20kg, consider that potash fertilizer should increase when not enough to execute 10kg potash fertilizer, prevent that the later stage from causing the underproduction because of red leaf blight appears in potassium deficiency.For anti-late-maturing, generally no longer impose caping fertilizer, can spray with phosphorus potash fertilizer is master's foliage fertilizer; 7, the training heart of pinching.When fruit branch reaches every 666.7m ²When ten thousand of 4.2-4.5 were arranged, to the principle that does not the wait branch heart of in time pinching, standard was to destroy a leaf wholeheartedly in the time of should embodying, and a leaf diameter is 1.0-1.5cm, prevents greatly seizing.Removing the invalid flower bud trimming heart, is the important measures of producing the white back of upward minimizing flower, reducing invalid bell, minimizing nutrient consumption, go invalid flower bud to beat the limit heart-12 days on the 8th August; 8, cotton is accelerated the ripening, and the outstanding problem that wheat-cotton intercropping exists is exactly tardy late-maturing.If strengthen the cotton field management, the measure of inspiring is in time, and late-maturing phenomenon will be lightly.Before improving frost, spend, do not rise a batch grow wheat by mistake, adopt the chemical ripening way to be still the effective measures that solve late-maturing phenomenon.At-30 days on the 25th September, every 666.7m ²With 40 ethrel 200g, convert water 50kg even spraying and spray cotton boll.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows; The cultivation method wheat ginnings property taken into account of cotton two live pair of high yields of wheat cover spring of the present invention is strong, and the hexastyle line-spacing wheat cover spring cultivation mode of cotton two live pair of high yields has enlarged mechanical work, in the production cycle; Intertill the spray medicine etc. that loosens the soil, applies fertilizer from build furrow, the cotton sowing of wheat, wheat harvesting, wheat stubble-cleaning and cotton field wholely; Machinery has been brought into play huge effect, has demonstrated that speed is fast, efficient is high, has striven the power in farming season, has liberated labour productive forces.

Embodiment

This method comprises: one, configuration line distance, consider from two aspects emphatically, and the one, utilize luminous energy to greatest extent; Embody the wheat ginnings and take into account, the 2nd, be fit to mechanical farm work, changing three traditional same form line-spacings, four or two formula line-spacings, 62 type line-spacing is the hexastyle line-spacing; Promptly six row wheat delegation cottons are a band, wheat line-spacing 12cm, cotton wheat spacing 30cm; Receive behind the wheat row 120cm such as cotton, cotton wheat respectively takes up an area of 50%.Two, high furrow and low furrow combine plantation, before wheat cultivation, are made into high furrow and low furrow to ground, the wide 54cm of high furrow base portion with machinery; The wide 44cm of end face, the high 12cm of furrow, plantation delegation cotton in the middle of the high furrow; Ground between two high furrow promptly forms low furrow; The low wide 66cm of furrow plants six row wheats in the low furrow, the real sown scope of wheat is wide to be 60cm.Three, science is selected kind for use, and wheat breed will be selected the high yielding variety of semiwinterness, short, middle fringe, big grain for use.Breeding purity >=99%, cleanliness >=98%, germination rate >=85%, moisture 13%.Cotton variety selects for use breeding time in 125 days, and plant type is compact, and growth is sane, and the transgenosis hybrid cotton kind that disease resistance is strong is like prosperous autumn No. 2.Four, high plot of land film all standing, mulch film width=high furrow width+high furrow height+10% coefficient is pressed in the film limit limit row base portion of planting wheat in the low furrow.

Control measures on the farming: 1, suitably adjust sowing time, the cotton symbiosis phase of wheat was forced down about 40 days, sowing stage of wheat is in 23-28 day in October, the date of seeding of spring cotton variety than local pure do the spring cotton a little later, sowing was generally accomplished in the cotton region, northwest in Shandong Province-30 days on the 25th April; 2, early looking into seedling fills the gaps with seedlings; By every possible means realize full stand, the disconnected ridge phenomenon of being short of seedling is one of key factor that influences output, will do effort aspect the seedling saving from damage more; The cotton apparent row that is unearthed of wheat should be looked into seedling immediately; Reseed before the back two leaf stage of emerging with same kind, when being short of seedling is arranged afterwards again, should transplant seedlings to mend in the early tillering stage and plant.Cotton will be looked into seed and had or not to fall dried phenomenon before emerging, pinpoint the problems and handle early.Lack 1-2 after cotton emerges and do not mend, lack three benefits and plant one and retained three stems cotton; 3, notice that the cotton control is long, carry out an amount of chemical control in wheat first three sky that waters.Later on each growing stage all will carry out necessary chemical control according to growing way at that time, increases the bell slip-off preventing very effectively to increasing flower bud.4, in time control worm, compare as the cotton field with pure, cutworm, corn borer, two spotted spider mite are taken place heavier, note observing control.8 month temperatures are higher, and when rainfall was frequent, the control of fleahopper silk worm will be paid special attention in the cotton field, and the xeothermic meeting of weather increases the weight of endangering of two spotted spider mite.Fix a point to investigate, comprise insects such as cotton aphid, cotton bollworm, reach the timely insecticide spraying of index for control; 5, stubble-cleaning waters.Wheat furrow stubble-cleaning early are very favourable to the cotton growth growth, can make cotton slow down longitudinal growth speed rapidly, accelerate horizontal branches and leaves expansion, destroyed the insect living environment through stubble-cleaning simultaneously, killed the part insect.Low furrow watered and can accelerate wheat root wheat straw and rot this moment, can keep the skin wet for the cotton on the high furrow simultaneously, removed damage caused by a drought.Number of times is more because wheatland waters, and the cotton root system growth is more shallow, and drought-resistant ability is relatively poor, when August, continuous drought appearred in weather, takes the circumstances into consideration drought resisting and waters, and can continue until early September; 6, see that colored heavy dressing flower bell is fertile,, a little less than fertilizer sucting ability shows, should see that heavy dressing flower bell is fertile when colored in the field, every 666.7m because the cotton root system distribution is different from the pure spring cotton that does ²Impose about urea 20kg, consider that potash fertilizer should increase when not enough to execute 10kg potash fertilizer, prevent that the later stage from causing the underproduction because of red leaf blight appears in potassium deficiency.For anti-late-maturing, generally no longer impose caping fertilizer, can spray with phosphorus potash fertilizer is master's foliage fertilizer; 7, the training heart of pinching.When fruit branch reaches every 666.7m ²When ten thousand of 4.2-4.5 are arranged; In the time of should embodying to the principle heart of in time pinching that does not wait branch; Standard is to destroy a leaf wholeheartedly, and a leaf diameter is 1.0-1.5cm, removes the invalid flower bud trimming heart; Be the important measures of producing the white back of upward minimizing flower, reducing invalid bell, minimizing nutrient consumption, gone invalid flower bud to beat the limit heart-12 days on the 8th August; 8, cotton is accelerated the ripening, and the outstanding problem that wheat-cotton intercropping exists is exactly tardy late-maturing.If strengthen the cotton field management, the measure of inspiring is in time, and late-maturing phenomenon will be lightly.Before improving frost, spend, do not rise a batch grow wheat by mistake, adopt the chemical ripening way to be still the effective measures that solve late-maturing phenomenon.At-30 days on the 25th September, every 666.7m ²With 40 ethrel 200g, convert water 50kg even spraying and spray cotton boll.

Claims (1)

1. the method for the cultivation of cotton two live pair of high yields of wheat cover spring; It is characterized in that this method comprises: one, configuration line distance, changing three traditional same form line-spacings, four or two formula line-spacings, 62 type line-spacing is the hexastyle line-spacing, promptly six row wheat delegation cottons are a band; Wheat line-spacing 12cm; Cotton wheat spacing 30cm receives behind the wheat row 120cm such as cotton, and cotton wheat respectively takes up an area of 50%; Two, high furrow and low furrow combine plantation, before wheat cultivation, are made into high furrow and low furrow to ground, the wide 54cm of high furrow base portion with machinery; The wide 44cm of end face, the high 12cm of furrow, plantation delegation cotton in the middle of the high furrow; Ground between two high furrow promptly forms low furrow; The low wide 66cm of furrow plants six row wheats in the low furrow, the real sown scope of wheat is wide to be 60cm; Three, high plot of land film all standing, mulch film width=high furrow width+high furrow height+10% coefficient is pressed in the film limit limit row base portion of planting wheat in the low furrow; Four, the cotton back of emerging lacks 1-2 and does not mend, and lacking three benefits, to plant one and retained three stems cotton, and cotton plant should see that heavy dressing flower bell is fertile when colored in the field, every 666.7m ²Impose about urea 20kg, should increase when considering the potash fertilizer deficiency and execute 10kg potash fertilizer, when fruit branch reaches every 666.7m ²When ten thousand of 4.2-4.5 were arranged, to the principle that does not the wait branch heart of in time pinching, standard was to destroy a leaf wholeheartedly in the time of should embodying, and a leaf diameter is 1.0-1.5cm.