CN102197726A - Method for improving seriously saline-alkali land of oasis area and planting high-quality lawn - Google Patents
Method for improving seriously saline-alkali land of oasis area and planting high-quality lawn Download PDFInfo
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- CN102197726A CN102197726A CN2011101492832A CN201110149283A CN102197726A CN 102197726 A CN102197726 A CN 102197726A CN 2011101492832 A CN2011101492832 A CN 2011101492832A CN 201110149283 A CN201110149283 A CN 201110149283A CN 102197726 A CN102197726 A CN 102197726A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving seriously saline-alkali land of an oasis area and planting a high-quality lawn, which relates to a soil improving method and the technical field of lawn planting. The method for improving seriously saline-alkali land of the oasis area and planting a high-quality lawn comprises 1 to 18 steps. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of fast desalination, no salt accumulation in the surface soil, soil fertility improvement, water conservation, high salt absorbing efficiency of plants, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses the improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of a kind of arid oasis district heavy saline, relate to soil remodeling method and greenery patches planting lawn technical field.
Background technology
In NORTHWEST CHINA Desert Oasis area and since subterranean water level on move and factor such as irrigation method, the salination soil is more, has formed large stretch of heavy saline.Especially in recent years some industrial parks newly developed, often addressing all on the outskirts of a town the geavy salt alkaline wasteland on the ground, make afforestation work very arduous.By the whole bag of tricks such as soil moved in to improve the original, salt discharge, stifled salt, biological modifications, alkaline land improving had all been obtained certain effect in the past.But the big multi-density in lawn and the cover degree of plantation are less than normal, become level ground property poor, the maintenance costs height, and turf quality can not guarantee.
From renovation dynamics, the salt discharge effect in saline land with promote the use of scope, in multiple alkaline land improving technical method, utilizing the engineering drainage desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is an important hydrotechnics measure, has only the pumping equipment of perfecting, and other measures just can play one's part to the full.But, from the utilization and the development of water conservancy improving technology, the principle and the method that are still the continuity more than one thousand years that this improving technology is followed, i.e. " salt comes with water, and salt goes with water in utilization; Salt comes with water, and the water salt that looses stays " water salt operation basic law, implement " big hydraulic pressure salt, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, underground drainage " downwards by the arable soil top layer, the soil salt that oozes is down got rid of by the method for underground drainage.The measure of being taked mostly is the farmland and arranges more and darker drainage and irrigation project technical measures such as open channel, kanat or vertical shaft.There is following objective problem in these traditional fillings row engineering: (1) annual spring, underground water rose, and during the accumulation of salt in the surface soil of the face of land, desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching draining meeting consumes too much water resource, generally needs 4500-7500m
3/ hm
2Big irrigation norm, the irrigation water capacity height, be unfavorable for the water saving; (2) the irrigation and drainage quantities is big, and drainage system drops into higher, general ten thousand yuan/hm of 0.9-1.2
2, and the engineering construction of the row of filling is loaded down with trivial details; (3) numerous escape canals and a large amount of engineering soil cubic meter of stone take the farmland, make farmland land utilization rate loss up to 6%-10%, cause the cultivated land resource waste; (4) it is bigger to irritate row's maintenance of works maintenance work amount and difficulty, and the maintenance and the operational and administrative expenses of especially underground hidden pipe salt discharge system are higher, general average annual maintenance expense 900-1500 unit/hm
2
The heavy saline turf plant mainly contains following difficult point in arid oasis district: the annual wind in (1) arid oasis district is big and evaporation is strong, and seed that broadcasts sowing and table soil are blown away by wind easily; (2) because water evaporation quantity is big, and soil table soil is easy to drying, water management has slightly and inconsiderately the seedling dehydration will occur and thirst; (3) return the native saline and alkaline easy burning seedling of table with evaporation; (4) halophytes such as some long term growth, lamb's-quarters fluffy at the weeds of heavy saline such as reed, alkali, knotweed, amaranth, vitality is strong, than turfgrass stronger growth competitive ability is arranged, and prevents and kill off difficulty.
The present invention is round above problem, according to NORTHWEST CHINA arid and semi-arid district geographical environment characteristic, technology is administered in comprehensive saline land both at home and abroad, on the basis of the saline and alkaline improvement of tradition, propose the saline land comprehensive processing method that lasting salt discharge removes alkali and improves soil fertility, and explored the technology on a cover plantation high-quality lawn.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to avoid the deficiencies in the prior art that the improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of a kind of arid oasis district heavy saline are provided.Administering difficulty to solve the arid biogeographic zone heavy saline, taking effect slowly, have secondary salinization of soil and turf establishment difficult technologies difficult point is purpose, has proposed the new technology on arid oasis district heavy saline comprehensive improvement and planting high-quality lawn.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: the improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of a kind of arid oasis district heavy saline may further comprise the steps:
(1) excavation pit:, excavate the foundation ditch of dark 40cm-50cm on ground according to greenery area size and shape;
(5) place bellows: placing bellows on the heavy saline of 5-10m, and bellows is run through whole foundation ditch, described bellows is provided with apopore.
(8) backfill or turn over original soil or soil moved in to improve the original;
(9) improve sprinkling irrigation system: the sprinkling irrigation shower nozzle is for watering, spray dual-purpose type; Improve sprinkling irrigation system, automatic irrigation is all adopted in modernization lawn and the planting of greenery patches, gardens, because arid oasis district soil in winter is freeze-up, irrigation system is stopped using, and spring, dry wind was big, water droplet drift with the wind during sprinkling irrigation, drowning amount that can not guarantor unit's area, so all sprinkling irrigation shower nozzles are improved to water, spray dual-purpose type, with pouring, calmly spray with the rotation mini sprinkler when wind is big with the lawn;
(10) the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: carry out broad irrigation April, the water that penetrates into the bottom was flowed out 3-8 hour from the bellows apopore, and flows into sewer by the drain ditch, continuous leaching, when the salt content in the soil after the flood irrigation less than 0.4% the time, stop washed out soil;
(12) plant inhales salt: plantation is adapted at the salt that the salt affected soil growing plants absorbs soil, and allows weeds grow arbitrarily, gathers in after 1-2 month and removes;
(13) chemical weed control: preceding 10-15 days of turf plant, with 10% gyphosate solution 0.5-1.0Kg, add diesel oil 100-150ml, to water 20-30Kg,, treat withered and yellow rotary tillage once more of weeds and flat surface after the week to the weeds spraying, prepare the turf plant seed;
(14) grass seed selection: selecting the mixed seeding ratio of annual bluegrass, Festuca Arundinacea, perennial ryegrass is 6:3:1, and it is 18-25g/m that density is broadcasted sowing in the grass seeds mixing
2
(15) laying and fixedly nonwoven; By fixing nonwoven prevent strong wind blow away grass seeds and seedling stage the soil drought situation take place;
(16) water management in seedling stage: before seed sprouting was unearthed, guaranteed ground moistening to lawn drizzle 2-3 time every day, after the seed sprouting, sprays at least every morning and water 1 time, reaches more than 80% until emergence rate;
(17) regulate and control water-saving irrigation behind the Cheng Ping: the each irrigation with drenched level ground bed soil is lower than the irrigation volume of 20-25cm;
(18) maintenance management: in time pruning, water, punch behind the Cheng Ping of lawn, comb is careless, prevention and elimination of disease and pests work, and the lawn height is remained on 5-8cm, prevents weeds propagation and widespread.
Further, between described step (1) and (5), also have following steps:
(2) bottom lining form: at least one layers of polyethylene plastic film is laid in the foundation ditch bottom in described step (1);
(3) build divider wall all around: the concrete retaining cob brick wall of around foundation ditch, building 10cm-20cm above ground level;
(4) drainage trenching and settling pit are offered the drain ditch outside described retaining cob brick wall, add the draining crude pig iron above the drain ditch and comb, and sewer is led in the drain ditch; Build settling pit at the place, drain ditch near sewer, settling pit is provided with the settling pit crown cap;
Further, between described step (5) and step (8), also have following steps:
(6) lay gravel layer: thick cobblestone of 10cm-20cm or gravel are filled out in the shop in foundation ditch, and cover whole bellows;
(7) shop nylon wire: on cobblestone of completing or gravel, lay nylon wire.
Further, further comprising the steps of: as between step (10) and step (12), to also have following steps:
(11) organic matter and microorganism improvement: after flood irrigation 3-5 days, when soil moisture content reaches 60%-70%, sheep excrement or cow dung 3500-5000 kg/hm will become thoroughly decomposed
2, organic castoff compost 1000-1500 kg/hm
215-20kg/hm2 mixes with microorganism compost bacterium liquid, and compound is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the bed of level ground, ploughs pile things on then in the soil of dark 15-20cm.
Further, in described step (5), described bellows diameter is the six grids punching waved plastic pipe of 10-20cm, and the anti-filter screen of the two-layer at least polypropylene fibre silk of looping around the waved plastic pipe stops up the infiltration tube wall with the earth that prevents to bring in the infiltration process.
Further, in the described step (15), use fixedly nonwoven of tension and compression nylon rope: respectively on the green land vertical, horizontal every 2-3m tension and compression nylon rope, and every 2-3m fixes a timber around green land, tension and compression nylon rope two is strained and fixed on timber, make nylon rope press nonwoven, and with staple with cross-point stickfast horizontal, vertically nylon rope on the bed of level ground.
Further, in the described step (15), cover fixedly nonwoven of weight: according to the green land wind direction, on the arm of angle of bed northwest, level ground, compress nonwoven, and on bamboo pole, press and put weight with bamboo pole.
Further, in the described step (3), scribble one deck underwater paint at least at the inwall of described brick wall.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
Characteristics of the present invention are: (1) quick desalination: can make soil salt content be lower than 0.4% behind the broad irrigation secondary; (2) accumulation of salt in the surface soil never: broad irrigation get rid of saline and alkaline after, by around the greenery patches and brick wall and plastic film, cobblestone or the gravel of bottom setting intercept salt deposit every salt deposit, block saline and alkaline input, can guarantee the accumulation of salt in the surface soil never; (3) improve the soil fertility situation: by means such as plant improvement, microbial-bacterial fertilizer improvement, organic matter improvement, the proterties of thoroughly improving the soil; (4) using water wisely:, need not the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching later on only at thorough broad irrigation secondary in 1 year spring; (5) plant inhales salt: saline and alkaline with the halophytes enrichment, siphon away the part salinity; (6) thoroughly weed a garden, promote the turfgrass growth; (7) nonwoven covers and the nylon rope tension and compression, prevents that seed from being blown away by wind; (8) spray water 2-3 time every day in seeding stage, keep nonwoven moistening; (9) regulation and control water-saving irrigation: each irrigation volume of irrigating with drenched level ground bed soil 20-25cm serves as to irrigate the upper limit behind the Cheng Ping; Begin again to water after when soil is moisture relatively, dropping to 40%; (10) in time prune, increase tiller number, improve lawn density and cover degree.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the right pseudosection structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 1:
Fig. 2 is the main pseudosection structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 1:
Fig. 3 is the vertical view structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 1:
Among the figure: 1. lawn plant 2. level ground beds 3. concrete retaining cob brick wall 4. nylon wires 5. settling pit crown caps 6. bellowss 7. gravel layers 8. drain ditchs 9. plain native 10. settling pits, 11. sewers, 12. draining crude pig iron are combed
Fig. 4 is the influence figure of desalting processing of the present invention to lawn soil (10-15cm) salt content.
Embodiment:
Below principle of the present invention and feature are described, institute gives an actual example and only is used to explain the present invention, is not to be used to limit scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: see Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, the improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of a kind of arid oasis district heavy saline may further comprise the steps:
(1) excavation pit:, excavate the foundation ditch of dark 40cm-50cm on ground according to greenery area size and shape;
(2) bottom lining form: at least one layers of polyethylene plastic film is laid in the foundation ditch bottom in described step (1);
(3) build divider wall all around: build the concrete retaining cob brick wall of 10cm-20cm above ground level around the foundation ditch, scribble one deck underwater paint at least at the inwall of described brick wall;
(4) drainage trenching and settling pit: offer the drain ditch outside described retaining cob brick wall, add the draining crude pig iron above the drain ditch and comb, sewer is led in the drain ditch; Build settling pit at the place, drain ditch near sewer, settling pit is provided with the settling pit crown cap;
(5) place bellows: on the heavy saline of 5-10m, placing bellows, and bellows run through whole foundation ditch, described bellows is provided with apopore, described bellows diameter is the six grids punching waved plastic pipe of 10-20cm, the anti-filter screen of the two-layer at least polypropylene fibre silk of looping around the waved plastic pipe stops up the infiltration tube wall with the earth that prevents to bring in the infiltration process;
(6) lay gravel layer: thick cobblestone of 10cm-20cm or gravel are filled out in the shop in foundation ditch, and cover whole bellows;
(7) shop nylon wire: on cobblestone of completing or gravel, lay nylon wire;
(8) backfill original soil;
(9) improve sprinkling irrigation system: the sprinkling irrigation shower nozzle is for watering, spray dual-purpose type;
(10) the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: carry out broad irrigation April, the water that penetrates into the bottom was flowed out 3-8 hour from the bellows apopore, and flows into sewer by the drain ditch, continuous leaching, when the salt content in the soil after the flood irrigation less than 0.4% the time, stop washed out soil;
(11) organic matter and microorganism improvement: after flood irrigation 3-5 days, when soil moisture content reaches 60%-70%, sheep excrement or cow dung 3500-5000 kg/hm will become thoroughly decomposed
2, organic castoff compost 1000-1500 kg/hm
2With microorganism compost bacterium liquid 15-20kg/hm
2Mix, compound is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the bed of level ground, plough pile things on then in the soil of dark 15-20cm;
(12) plant inhales salt: plantation is adapted at the salt that the salt affected soil growing plants absorbs soil, and allows weeds grow arbitrarily, gathers in after 1-2 month and removes;
(13) chemical weed control: preceding 10-15 days of turf plant, with 10% gyphosate solution 0.5-1.0Kg, add diesel oil 100-150ml, to water 20-30Kg,, treat withered and yellow rotary tillage once more of weeds and flat surface after the week to the weeds spraying, prepare the turf plant seed;
(14) grass seed selection: selecting the mixed seeding ratio of annual bluegrass, Festuca Arundinacea, perennial ryegrass is 6:3:1, and it is 18-25g/m that density is broadcasted sowing in the grass seeds mixing
2
(15) lay and fixing nonwoven: use fixedly nonwoven of tension and compression nylon rope: respectively on the green land vertical, horizontal every 2-3m tension and compression nylon rope, and every 2-3m fixes a timber around green land, tension and compression nylon rope two is strained and fixed on timber, make nylon rope press nonwoven, and with staple with cross-point stickfast horizontal, vertically nylon rope on the bed of level ground;
(16) water management in seedling stage: before seed sprouting was unearthed, guaranteed ground moistening to lawn drizzle 2-3 time every day, after the seed sprouting, sprays at least every morning and water 1 time, reaches more than 80% until emergence rate;
(17) regulate and control water-saving irrigation behind the Cheng Ping: the each irrigation with drenched level ground bed soil is lower than the irrigation volume of 20-25cm;
(18) maintenance management: in time pruning, water, punch behind the Cheng Ping of lawn, comb is careless, prevention and elimination of disease and pests work, and the lawn height is remained on 5-8cm, prevents weeds propagation and widespread.
Embodiment 2: identical with embodiment 1, different is: do not carry out step (11).
Embodiment 3: identical with embodiment 1, different is: do not carry out step (3), step (4), step (5), step (6), step (7), and step 8 is the backfill soil moved in to improve the original.
Embodiment 4: identical with embodiment 1, different is: do not carry out step (3), step (4), step (5), step (6), step (7).
Embodiment 5: identical with embodiment 1, different is: do not carry out step (2), step (3), step (4), step (5), step (6), step (7), and step 8 is the backfill soil moved in to improve the original.
Embodiment 6: identical with embodiment 1, different is: do not carry out step (1), step (2), step (3), step (4), step (5), step (6), step (7), and step 8 is the original soil of turning over.
Embodiment 7: identical with embodiment 1, different is: do not carry out step (1), step (2), step (3), step (4), step (5), step (6), step (7), step (11), and step 8 is the original soil of turning over.
Embodiment 8: identical with enforcement 1, different is in the described step (15), covers fixedly nonwoven of weight: according to the green land wind direction, compress nonwoven with bamboo pole on the arm of angle of bed northwest, level ground, and press on bamboo pole and put weight.
Embodiment 9: identical with enforcement 1, different is to include only following steps:
(1) excavation pit:, excavate the foundation ditch of dark 40cm on ground according to greenery area size and shape;
(2) bottom lining form: at least one layers of polyethylene plastic film is laid in the foundation ditch bottom in described step (1);
(3) build divider wall all around: build the concrete retaining cob brick wall of 10cm above ground level around the foundation ditch, scribble one deck underwater paint at least at the inwall of described brick wall;
(4) drainage trenching and settling pit: offer the drain ditch outside described retaining cob brick wall, add the draining crude pig iron above the drain ditch and comb, sewer is led in the drain ditch; Build settling pit at the place, drain ditch near sewer, settling pit is provided with the settling pit crown cap;
(5) place bellows: on the heavy saline of 5m, placing bellows, and bellows run through whole foundation ditch, described bellows is provided with apopore, described bellows diameter is the six grids punching waved plastic pipe of 10cm, the anti-filter screen of the two-layer at least polypropylene fibre silk of looping around the waved plastic pipe stops up the infiltration tube wall with the earth that prevents to bring in the infiltration process;
(6) lay gravel layer: thick cobblestone of 10cm or gravel are filled out in the shop in foundation ditch, and cover whole bellows;
(7) shop nylon wire: on cobblestone of completing or gravel, lay nylon wire;
(8) backfill original soil;
(9) improve sprinkling irrigation system: the sprinkling irrigation shower nozzle is for watering, spray dual-purpose type;
(10) the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: carry out broad irrigation April, the water that penetrates into the bottom was flowed out 3-8 hour from the bellows apopore, and flows into sewer by the drain ditch, continuous leaching, when the salt content in the soil after the flood irrigation less than 0.4% the time, stop washed out soil;
(11) organic matter and microorganism improvement: after flood irrigation 3-5 days, when soil moisture content reaches 60%, sheep excrement or cow dung 3500 kg/hm will become thoroughly decomposed
2, organic castoff compost 1000 kg/hm
2With microorganism compost bacterium liquid 15kg/hm
2Mix, compound is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the bed of level ground, plough pile things on then in the soil of dark 15cm;
(12) plant inhales salt: plantation is adapted at the salt that the salt affected soil growing plants absorbs soil, and allows weeds grow arbitrarily, and harvesting is removed after 1 month;
(13) chemical weed control: preceding 10 days of turf plant, with 10% gyphosate solution 0.5Kg, add diesel oil 100ml, to water 20Kg,, treat withered and yellow rotary tillage once more of weeds and flat surface after the week to the weeds spraying, prepare the turf plant seed;
(14) grass seed selection: selecting the mixed seeding ratio of annual bluegrass, Festuca Arundinacea, perennial ryegrass is 6:3:1, and it is 18g/m that density is broadcasted sowing in the grass seeds mixing
2
(15) lay and fixing nonwoven: use fixedly nonwoven of tension and compression nylon rope: respectively on the green land vertical, horizontal every 2-3m tension and compression nylon rope, and every 2-3m fixes a timber around green land, tension and compression nylon rope two is strained and fixed on timber, make nylon rope press nonwoven, and with staple with cross-point stickfast horizontal, vertically nylon rope on the bed of level ground;
(16) water management in seedling stage: before seed sprouting was unearthed, guaranteed ground moistening to lawn drizzle 2 times every day, after the seed sprouting, sprays at least every morning and water 1 time, reaches more than 80% until emergence rate;
(17) regulate and control water-saving irrigation behind the Cheng Ping: the each irrigation with drenched level ground bed soil is lower than the irrigation volume of 20cm;
(18) maintenance management: in time pruning, water, punch behind the Cheng Ping of lawn, comb is careless, prevention and elimination of disease and pests work, and the lawn height is remained on 5cm, prevents weeds propagation and widespread.
Embodiment 10:
(1) excavation pit:, excavate the foundation ditch of dark 50cm on ground according to greenery area size and shape;
(2) bottom lining form: at least one layers of polyethylene plastic film is laid in the foundation ditch bottom in described step (1);
(3) build divider wall all around: build the concrete retaining cob brick wall of 20cm above ground level around the foundation ditch, scribble one deck underwater paint at least at the inwall of described brick wall;
(4) drainage trenching and settling pit: offer the drain ditch outside described retaining cob brick wall, add the draining crude pig iron above the drain ditch and comb, sewer is led in the drain ditch; Build settling pit at the place, drain ditch near sewer, settling pit is provided with the settling pit crown cap;
(5) place bellows: on the heavy saline of 10m, placing bellows, and bellows run through whole foundation ditch, described bellows is provided with apopore, described bellows diameter is the six grids punching waved plastic pipe of 20cm, the anti-filter screen of the two-layer at least polypropylene fibre silk of looping around the waved plastic pipe stops up the infiltration tube wall with the earth that prevents to bring in the infiltration process;
(6) lay gravel layer: thick cobblestone of 20cm or gravel are filled out in the shop in foundation ditch, and cover whole bellows;
(7) shop nylon wire: on cobblestone of completing or gravel, lay nylon wire;
(8) backfill original soil;
(9) improve sprinkling irrigation system: the sprinkling irrigation shower nozzle is for watering, spray dual-purpose type;
(10) the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: carry out broad irrigation April, the water that penetrates into the bottom was flowed out 3-8 hour from the bellows apopore, and flows into sewer by the drain ditch, continuous leaching, when the salt content in the soil after the flood irrigation less than 0.4% the time, stop washed out soil;
(11) organic matter and microorganism improvement: after flood irrigation 3-5 days, when soil moisture content reaches 0%, sheep excrement or cow dung 5000 kg/hm will become thoroughly decomposed
2, organic castoff compost 1500 kg/hm
2With microorganism compost bacterium liquid 20kg/hm
2Mix, compound is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the bed of level ground, plough pile things on then in the soil of dark 20cm;
(12) plant inhales salt: plantation is adapted at the salt that the salt affected soil growing plants absorbs soil, and allows weeds grow arbitrarily, and harvesting is removed after 2 months;
(13) chemical weed control: preceding 15 days of turf plant, with 10% gyphosate solution 1.0Kg, add diesel oil 150ml, to water 30Kg,, treat withered and yellow rotary tillage once more of weeds and flat surface after the week to the weeds spraying, prepare the turf plant seed;
(14) grass seed selection: selecting the mixed seeding ratio of annual bluegrass, Festuca Arundinacea, perennial ryegrass is 6: 3: 1, and it is 25g/m that density is broadcasted sowing in the grass seeds mixing
2
(15) lay and fixing nonwoven: use fixedly nonwoven of tension and compression nylon rope: respectively on the green land vertical, horizontal every 3m tension and compression nylon rope, and every 3m fixes a timber around green land, tension and compression nylon rope two is strained and fixed on timber, make nylon rope press nonwoven, and with staple with cross-point stickfast horizontal, vertically nylon rope on the bed of level ground;
(16) water management in seedling stage: before seed sprouting was unearthed, guaranteed ground moistening to lawn drizzle 3 times every day, after the seed sprouting, sprays at least every morning and water 1 time, reaches more than 80% until emergence rate;
(17) regulate and control water-saving irrigation behind the Cheng Ping: the each irrigation with drenched level ground bed soil is lower than the irrigation volume of 25cm;
(18) maintenance management: in time pruning, water, punch behind the Cheng Ping of lawn, comb is careless, prevention and elimination of disease and pests work, and the lawn height is remained on 8cm, prevents weeds propagation and widespread.
Embodiment 11:
(1) excavation pit:, excavate the foundation ditch of dark 45cm on ground according to greenery area size and shape;
(2) bottom lining form: at least one layers of polyethylene plastic film is laid in the foundation ditch bottom in described step (1);
(3) build divider wall all around: build the concrete retaining cob brick wall of 15cm above ground level around the foundation ditch, scribble one deck underwater paint at least at the inwall of described brick wall;
(4) drainage trenching and settling pit: offer the drain ditch outside described retaining cob brick wall, add the draining crude pig iron above the drain ditch and comb, sewer is led in the drain ditch; Build settling pit at the place, drain ditch near sewer, settling pit is provided with the settling pit crown cap;
(5) place bellows: on the heavy saline of 7.5m, placing bellows, and bellows run through whole foundation ditch, described bellows is provided with apopore, described bellows diameter is the six grids punching waved plastic pipe of 15cm, the anti-filter screen of the two-layer at least polypropylene fibre silk of looping around the waved plastic pipe stops up the infiltration tube wall with the earth that prevents to bring in the infiltration process;
(6) lay gravel layer: thick cobblestone of 15cm or gravel are filled out in the shop in foundation ditch, and cover whole bellows;
(7) shop nylon wire: on cobblestone of completing or gravel, lay nylon wire;
(8) backfill original soil;
(9) improve sprinkling irrigation system: the sprinkling irrigation shower nozzle is for watering, spray dual-purpose type;
(10) the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: carry out broad irrigation April, the water that penetrates into the bottom was flowed out 5 hours from the bellows apopore, and flows into sewer by the drain ditch, continuous leaching, when the salt content in the soil after the flood irrigation less than 0.4% the time, stop washed out soil;
(11) organic matter and microorganism improvement: after 4 days, when soil moisture content reaches 65%, sheep excrement or cow dung 4500 kg/hm will become thoroughly decomposed in flood irrigation
2, organic castoff compost 1250 kg/hm
2With microorganism compost bacterium liquid 17.5kg/hm
2Mix, compound is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the bed of level ground, plough pile things on then in the soil of dark 17cm;
(12) plant inhales salt: plantation is adapted at the salt that the salt affected soil growing plants absorbs soil, and allows weeds grow arbitrarily, and harvesting is removed after 1.5 months;
(13) chemical weed control: preceding 13 days of turf plant, with 10% gyphosate solution 0.7Kg, add diesel oil 125ml, to water 25Kg,, treat withered and yellow rotary tillage once more of weeds and flat surface after the week to the weeds spraying, prepare the turf plant seed;
(14) grass seed selection: selecting the mixed seeding ratio of annual bluegrass, Festuca Arundinacea, perennial ryegrass is 6:3:1, and it is 22g/m that density is broadcasted sowing in the grass seeds mixing
2
(15) lay and fixing nonwoven: use fixedly nonwoven of tension and compression nylon rope: respectively on the green land vertical, horizontal every 2.5m tension and compression nylon rope, and every 2-3m fixes a timber around green land, tension and compression nylon rope two is strained and fixed on timber, make nylon rope press nonwoven, and with staple with cross-point stickfast horizontal, vertically nylon rope on the bed of level ground;
(16) water management in seedling stage: before seed sprouting was unearthed, guaranteed ground moistening to lawn drizzle 3 times every day, after the seed sprouting, sprays at least every morning and water 1 time, reaches more than 80% until emergence rate;
(17) regulate and control water-saving irrigation behind the Cheng Ping: the each irrigation with drenched level ground bed soil is lower than the irrigation volume of 22cm;
(18) maintenance management: in time pruning, water, punch behind the Cheng Ping of lawn, comb is careless, prevention and elimination of disease and pests work, and the lawn height is remained on 7cm, prevents weeds propagation and widespread.
The Changing Pattern of lawn soil (10-15cm) salt content in 3 years under following as can be seen from Figure 4 method 1-method 7 is handled:
The data verification of carrying out respectively according to the method for embodiment 1 to embodiment 7:
1. method 1: the data verification of carrying out according to the method for embodiment 1, in July, first, soil salt content reduced to 0.4%, salt content is minimum in the reason method throughout, though salt content has fluctuation within a narrow range afterwards, but totally be downward trend gradually, in September, the 3rd, soil salt content dropped to minimum.Illustrate that the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching step among the embodiment 1 can significantly reduce soil salt content, afterwards because the bottom lining form keeps off the existence of cob brick wall every the alkali layer around reaching, blocked extraneous saline and alkaline input, added the improving effect of plant and microorganism, soil alkaline content is descended gradually.The processing method of embodiment 1 shows optimum improvement saline land effect in various processing methods.
2. method 2: the data verification of carrying out according to the method for embodiment 2, in July, first, soil salt content also had decline significantly, reduce to 0.55%, a little more than among the embodiment 1 in July, first soil salt content, salt content also is fluctuation within a narrow range afterwards, but overall decline, in September, the 3rd, soil salt content dropped to minimum, a little more than the processing method of embodiment 1 and the processing method of embodiment 3.The processing method difference of the processing method of embodiment 2 and embodiment 1 is not only being used amendement, and its effect of administering the saline land also is lower than the processing method of embodiment 1, illustrates that organic matter and the microorganism method of improving the soil that this test is adopted all played an important role to reducing soil alkaline content in the whole test stage.The processing method of embodiment 2 also shows and administers the saline land effect preferably in various processing methods, but effect is lower than the processing method of embodiment 1 and the processing method of embodiment 3.
3. method 3: the data verification of carrying out according to the method for embodiment 3, in July, first, the processing method of soil salt content and embodiment 2 was more or less the same, salt content shows and continues downward trend more stably afterwards, in September, the 3rd, soil salt content dropped to minimum, a little more than the processing method of embodiment 1, be lower than the processing method of embodiment 2.The processing method of example 3 is owing to backfill is soil moved in to improve the original, so after the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, salt content does not show the remarkable decline than in April, first during in July, first, afterwards because the processing method of measure of taking and embodiment 1 is identical, so also shown the effect in lasting significantly improvement saline land, effect is lower than the processing method of example 1, and is higher than other processing methods.
4. method 4: the data verification of carrying out according to the method for embodiment 4, in July, first, the soil salt content value was higher, more than 1.3%, being fluctuation afterwards changes, aggregate performance goes out downward trend, in September, the 3rd, soil salt content dropped to minimum, more than 0.8%, was significantly higher than the processing method of embodiment 1,2,3.The processing method of embodiment 4 is compared with the processing method of embodiment 1, retaining cob brick wall and drainage system are not set, thereby the effect of broad irrigation is relatively poor, during in July, first salt content than 1 year 4 below the moon range of decrease degree be not very big.Because the processing method of measure of taking and embodiment 1 is identical, and the bottom lining form has been brought into play effectively every the alkali effect, amendement has also hindered secondary salinization of soil effect to a certain extent, thereby soil salt content is reduction trend afterwards.Administer the saline land effect from each processing method, the processing method effect of embodiment 4 significantly is lower than the processing method of embodiment 1,2,3, and is higher than other processing methods.
5. method 5: the data verification of carrying out according to the method for embodiment 5, in July, first, the processing method of soil salt content and embodiment 2,3 was more or less the same, being fluctuation afterwards changes, but it is whole in rising trend, in April, the 3rd, soil salt content rose to peak, be in September, 1.4%, the three soil salt content near again about 1.2%, be significantly higher than the processing method of embodiment 1,2,3,4.The processing method of embodiment 5 is owing to backfill is soil moved in to improve the original, so after the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, salt content does not show the remarkable decline than in April, first during in July, first, but owing to do not take every the alkali measure, its salt content sharply rose after half a year, changed fluctuation with seasonal climate afterwards, and whole salt content remains on higher level, the effect in improvement saline land is relatively poor, is lower than the processing method of embodiment 1,2,3,4.
6. method 6: the data verification of carrying out according to the method for embodiment 6, soil salt content integral body maintains higher level, being fluctuation changes, each soil content value in September in time lower (about 1.3%), soil salt content in April higher (about 1.4%), 1 year soil alkaline content was a little less than 1 year and the 3rd year, and 1 year not obvious with the 3rd year difference.The processing method of embodiment 6 is not provided with drainage system, thereby the effect of broad irrigation is relatively poor, during in July, first salt content than in April, first fall be not very big, do not take again afterwards every the alkali measure, salt content rises gradually again and changes fluctuation with seasonal climate after half a year.But owing to taked soil improvement method, the soil salt content of 1 year and the 3rd year still descended to some extent than 1 year, but the whole weak effect of improveing the saline land, was lower than the processing method of embodiment 5.
7. method 7: according to the data verification that the method for embodiment 7 is carried out, soil salt content changes with being fluctuation season, but all maintains more than 1.5%, and is whole in rising trend between the time.Each, the soil content value was lower in September in time, and April, soil salt content was higher.The processing method of embodiment 7 is not provided with retaining cob brick wall and drainage system, and the effect of broad irrigation is relatively poor, during in July, first salt content than in April, first fall be not very big, similar to the processing method of embodiment 6.Do not take afterwards every alkali and amendement, accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon is serious, and soil alkaline content constantly rises, far above other processing methods, and the poor effect in improvement saline land.
Table 1
Table 1 is emerged and the seedling growth status list for each processing method turfgrass, as can be seen from Table 1 the emerging and become the level ground situation of lawn under each processing method.With regard to emergence rate, the situation of emerging of method 1,2,3,5 is all better, and emergence rate is all more than 87%, and difference is not remarkable.Method 4 emergence rates are relatively poor, significantly are lower than method 1,2,3,5, and 6,7 emergence rate differences of method are not remarkable, and emergence rate is all relatively poor, significantly is lower than method 4.
With regard to seedling growth speed, the seedling growth speed of method 1,2,5 is very fast, and all more than 0.44 cm/d, difference is not remarkable for seedling growth speed.The seedling growth speed of method 3 is a little less than method 1,2,5, and the seedling growth of method 4,6,7 is slow, significantly is lower than method 3, and significant difference to each other, seedling growth speed method 4〉method 6〉method 7.
Just become the level ground fate, do not become in the eliminating method 7 outside the level ground, additive method is Cheng Ping in 60 days all, does not have significant difference to each other.Method 1,2 becomes the level ground at 54d, and method 5 becomes the level ground at 55d, and method 3,4,6 becomes the level ground at 60d.
By above data as can be known, the lawn emerges and becomes level ground situation and each method soil alkaline content in early stage closely related.The soil alkaline content in early stage of method 1,2,3,5 significantly is lower than method 4,6,7, and it is emerged and becomes the level ground situation also significantly to be better than method 4,6,7.But, thereby emerge early stage and becomes the level ground situation can not represent each method integral body to improve the effect of salt affected soil fully because the difference of each method soil moved in to improve the original and original soil and the improvement of soil organic matter microorganism is long-lasting.
Table 2
Table 2 is the one-tenth level ground stage index determining table of each method, and as can be seen from Table 2, each method lawn is in the variation tendency that becomes every growth of level ground stage and quality index.
Lawn cover degree, homogeneity, density, ground biomass are ascendant trend year by year in the method 1, and chlorophyll content the 3rd year descended to some extent than 1 year, but all was higher than 1 year.Illustration method 1 improvement salt affected soil effect is best, and the every quality index in lawn all keeps higher value.
Lawn homogeneity, density, ground biomass are ascendant trend year by year in the method 2; Cover degree rose again above 1 year than decline to some extent in 1 year in 1 year on the 3rd year; Chlorophyll content the 3rd year descended to some extent than 1 year, but all was higher than 1 year.But method 2 except that homogeneity, chlorophyll content a little less than the method 1, other indexs and method 1 also have certain gap.Though illustration method 2 improvement salt affected soil effects are also better, not as method 1, visible organic matter is improved the soil also significant to the saline land lawn planting with microorganism.
In the method 3 over 3 years lawn cover degree, chlorophyll content be and reduce earlier back rising trend; Homogeneity, density, ground biomass are ascendant trend year by year.Method 3 the first two years cover degrees, homogeneity, density, chlorophyll content are slightly larger than method 2, but difference is not remarkable, and ground biomass is lower than method 2.But the 3rd year green cellulose content of disleaf of method 2 and method 2 differences significantly outside, other indexs all decrease than method 2.Illustration method 3 is compared with method 2, owing to taked amendement, thereby the first two years turfgrass upgrowth situation is relatively good, and but, can not stop the salinity input fully because method 3 is not kept off the cob brick wall, may cause certain influence to turfgrass.Chlorophyll content of plant can be on the rise under slight adverse circumstance, thereby the 3rd year method 3 chlorophyll contents are slightly larger than method 2.All in all the every quality index difference of turfgrass is little between method 2 and the method 3, but all is lower than method 1.In conjunction with Fig. 2 as can be known, method 2 is not because of using the microbe soil ameliorative measure, and early stage, the salt alkali content was higher than method 3 always, but during in September, the 3rd, little with method 3 differences.As seen the upgrowth situation of turfgrass can be represented the size of soil alkaline content.The effect that method 2 is administered the saline land in the first three years is a little less than method 3, and development trend afterwards is also unknown.But two method effects all are lower than method 1.
In 3 years in the method 4 each index of lawn all be lower than the method 1,2,3 of the same period.But each index all in time prolongation and increase.This and its soil salt prolongs the variation tendency that shows in time and matches.Method 4 is not because of being provided with drain ditch and settling pit, thereby the flood irrigation effect is undesirable, soil alkaline content is higher in earlier stage to cause it, the turfgrass upgrowth situation is not too good, but method 4 has the bottom lining form every the alkali measure, and utilizes microorganism and organic matter to improve the soil, so its soil salt content descends year by year, the turfgrass growth indexes also rises gradually, but also has than significant difference with method 1,2,3.
Method 5: 1 year each desired value in lawn is all bigger, is higher than method 2,3, and be not remarkable with method 1 difference, but prolong in time, and each desired value sharply descends, far below the method 4 of the same period.This and its soil salt prolongs the variation tendency that shows in time and matches.Method 5 is because of using soil moved in to improve the original, so early stage, soil salt content was low, lawn growth is good, but because it is not provided with every the alkali measure, occur accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon very soon, soil salt content raises, cause the lawn growth situation to descend, thereby the improvement saline land method of method 5 do not have lasting effect, and effect is relatively poor, significantly is lower than method 4.
Each index of lawn was lower than method 4 in the method 6 in 1 year, the back method 5 that was lower than the same period in 2 years.And prolongation in time continues to descend.This and its soil salt prolongs the variation tendency that shows in time and matches.Method 6 is used original soil, and drain ditch and settling pit are not set, the flood irrigation effect is undesirable, and soil alkaline content is higher in earlier stage to cause it, and the turfgrass upgrowth situation is not too good, again because without any every the alkali measure, occur accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon very soon, soil salt content raises, and causes the lawn growth situation to descend, thereby the improvement saline land method weak effect of method 6, significantly be lower than method 5.
The lawn value in 3 years of each index all significantly is lower than the additive method same period in the method 7, and descends year by year.This and its soil salt prolongs the variation tendency that shows in time and matches.Method 7 is used original soils, and drain ditch and settling pit are not set, also without any every the alkali measure, do not carry out organic matter and microorganism simultaneously and improve the soil, thereby its soil salt content is higher than method 6, and raise year by year, the lawn growth situation continues to descend, and the effect of administering the saline land is the poorest.
Each method soil salt content over comprehensive 3 years, turfgrass is emerged and seedling growth situation and the every quality index variation tendency that becomes the level ground stage, and the effectiveness ranking in each side's ruling by law reason saline land is as can be known: method 1〉method 3〉method 2〉method 4〉method 5〉method 6〉method 7.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to restriction the present invention, all any modifications of being done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is not equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of arid oasis district heavy saline is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) excavation pit:, excavate the foundation ditch of dark 40cm-50cm on ground according to greenery area size and shape;
(5) place bellows: placing bellows on the heavy saline of 5-10m, and bellows is run through whole foundation ditch, described bellows is provided with apopore;
(8) backfill or turn over original soil or soil moved in to improve the original;
(9) improve sprinkling irrigation system: the sprinkling irrigation shower nozzle is for watering, spray dual-purpose type;
(10) the flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: carry out broad irrigation April, the water that penetrates into the bottom was flowed out 3-8 hour from the bellows apopore, and flows into sewer by the drain ditch, continuous leaching, when the salt content in the soil after the flood irrigation less than 0.4% the time, stop washed out soil;
(12) plant inhales salt: plantation is adapted at the ruderal plant of salt affected soil growth, absorbs the soil salt, and allows weeds grow arbitrarily, gathers in after 1-2 month and removes;
(13) chemical weed control: preceding 10-15 days of turf plant, with 10% gyphosate solution 0.5-1.0Kg, add diesel oil 100-150ml, to water 20-30Kg,, treat withered and yellow rotary tillage once more of weeds and flat surface after the week to the weeds spraying, prepare the turf plant seed;
(14) grass seed selection: selecting the mixed seeding ratio of annual bluegrass, Festuca Arundinacea, perennial ryegrass is 6:3:1, and it is 18-25g/m that density is broadcasted sowing in the grass seeds mixing
2
(15) laying and fixedly nonwoven;
(16) water management in seedling stage: before seed sprouting was unearthed, guaranteed ground moistening to lawn drizzle 2-3 time every day, after the seed sprouting, sprays at least every morning and water 1 time, reaches more than 80% until emergence rate;
(17) regulate and control water-saving irrigation behind the Cheng Ping: the each irrigation with drenched level ground bed soil is lower than the irrigation volume of 20-25cm;
(18) maintenance management: in time pruning, water, punch behind the Cheng Ping of lawn, comb is careless, prevention and elimination of disease and pests work, and the lawn height is remained on 5-8cm, prevents weeds propagation and widespread.
2. the improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of arid oasis as claimed in claim 1 district heavy saline is characterized in that,
Between described step (1) to (5), also have following steps:
(2) bottom lining form: at least one layers of polyethylene plastic film is laid in the foundation ditch bottom in described step (1);
(3) build divider wall all around: the concrete retaining cob brick wall of around foundation ditch, building 10cm-20cm above ground level;
(4) drainage trenching and settling pit: offer the drain ditch outside described retaining cob brick wall, add the draining crude pig iron above the drain ditch and comb, sewer is led in the drain ditch; Build settling pit at the place, drain ditch near sewer, settling pit is provided with the settling pit crown cap.
3. the improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of arid oasis as claimed in claim 1 district heavy saline is characterized in that,
Between described step (5) and step (8), also have following steps:
(6) lay gravel layer: thick cobblestone of 10cm-20cm or gravel are filled out in the shop in foundation ditch, and cover whole bellows;
(7) shop nylon wire: on cobblestone of completing or gravel, lay nylon wire.
4. the improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of arid oasis as claimed in claim 1 district heavy saline is characterized in that, and be further comprising the steps of: also have following steps between step (10) and step (12):
(11) organic matter and microorganism improvement: after flood irrigation 3-5 days, when soil moisture content reaches 60%-70%, sheep excrement or cow dung 3500-5000kg/hm will become thoroughly decomposed
2, organic castoff compost 1000-1500kg/hm
2With microorganism compost bacterium liquid 15-20kg/hm
2Mix, compound is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the bed of level ground, plough pile things on then in the soil of dark 15-20cm.
5. as the improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of the arbitrary described arid oasis of claim 1 to 4 district heavy saline, it is characterized in that, in described step (5), described bellows diameter is the six grids punching waved plastic pipe of 10-20cm, the anti-filter screen of the two-layer at least polypropylene fibre silk of looping around the waved plastic pipe stops up the infiltration tube wall with the earth that prevents to bring in the infiltration process.
6. as the improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of the arbitrary described arid oasis of claim 1 to 4 district heavy saline, it is characterized in that, in the described step (15), use fixedly nonwoven of tension and compression nylon rope: respectively on the green land vertical, horizontal every 2-3m tension and compression nylon rope, and every 2-3m fixes a timber around green land, tension and compression nylon rope two is strained and fixed on timber, makes nylon rope press nonwoven, and with staple with cross-point stickfast horizontal, vertically nylon rope on the bed of level ground.
7. as the improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of the arbitrary described arid oasis of claim 1 to 4 district heavy saline, it is characterized in that, in the described step (15), cover fixedly nonwoven of weight: according to the green land wind direction, on the arm of angle of bed northwest, level ground, compress nonwoven, and on bamboo pole, press and put weight with bamboo pole.
8. the improvement and the high-quality method of planting lawn of arid oasis as claimed in claim 2 district heavy saline is characterized in that, in the described step (3), scribble one deck underwater paint at least at the inwall of described brick wall.
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