CN105960875B - A kind of method using charcoal bed course improvement Coastal beach alkaline land soil - Google Patents
A kind of method using charcoal bed course improvement Coastal beach alkaline land soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN105960875B CN105960875B CN201610298724.8A CN201610298724A CN105960875B CN 105960875 B CN105960875 B CN 105960875B CN 201610298724 A CN201610298724 A CN 201610298724A CN 105960875 B CN105960875 B CN 105960875B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/04—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as granules or gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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Abstract
The invention discloses it is a kind of using charcoal bed course improvement Coastal beach alkaline land soil method, including：It plans upgrading unit and improvement cell, excavates improvement cell topsoil to 40 ~ 50 cm, be laid with the charcoal bed course of 10 ~ 20 cm thickness, backfill table soil, natural precipitation or elution salt discharge 3 ~ 5 times.The method of the present invention is easy, the improvement period is short, effect stability, non-secondary pollution.While effectively improvement alkaline land soil, the use of charcoal bed course can also effectively control agricultural non-point source pollution simultaneously, promote alkaline land soil improvement and agroecological benign development.Present invention can apply to the improvement of Coastal beach alkaline land soil, the soil after improvement can be used for rice cultivation, wheat or saline and alkaline resource plant etc..
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to reclamation of salinep-alkali soil technical fields, and in particular to be a kind of coastal using the improvement of charcoal bed course
Beach saline-alkali soil technical method.
Technical background
Around beach saline-alkali land soil, many scholars innovate and are integrated with a series of theories and skill for having much effect
Art.For example, the water conservancies improving technology such as hidden pipe salt discharge, water-saving control salt, salt discharge of pouring water, " changing under overlying ", " above fish, ditch irrigation ditch under agriculture
The physics such as row " and agricultural improvement technology, " stalk makes folder " is mixed to apply charcoal, and saline alkali tolerant plant plantation and modifying agent add
Deng.However, in practical improved, process, however it remains following more distinct issues：Improved effect is unstable, technology expectation and reality
Border effect is difficult to match；Early period, improved effect was good, but the later stage accumulation of salt in the surface soil is difficult to control；Technical specification is complicated or of high cost；Technology is difficult
To adapt to diversified industry demand, peasant household's acceptance is low etc..Particularly, to the big of increasingly severe freshwater resources in conventional method
Amount consumption seriously restricts lasting, the effectively improvement of salt affected soil.
Charcoal is the carbonization material of a kind of multi-pore structure generated after biological material anaerobism is burnt, has adsorptivity
It can excellent and stronger anti-oxidant and antibiont capacity of decomposition.At present, biological carbon materials are widely used in salt affected soil improvement.So
And it is not difficult to find that previous relevant report emphasizes the effect to the reclamation of salinep-alkali soil such as charcoal dosage and its modification or modification mostly
With influence, also, from the point of view of method of application, almost all is and soil mixing top application；Improving technology core mainly utilizes life
Object charcoal adsorbs soil base cations.It needs to be concerned with, since charcoal density is small, crop field scale top application charcoal is easy to
With the wind or rural activity interference enters air, reduces improvement efficiency and generates negative Environmental and health effects.On the other hand, by
The accumulation of salt in the surface soil is fundamentally solved the problems, such as in no, charcoal may be caused just to reach adsorption saturation in a relatively short period of time, this causes
Although the improved effect of early period may preferably, improved effect is difficult to maintain for a long time.In order to improve improvement efficiency, if multifrequency time
Using charcoal, there is only costs to increase problem, and is easy to occur soil property occur due to charcoal is accumulated notable
The problem of change, seriously restricts soil productivity.Also it has researched and proposed to mix charcoal and has imposed on salt affected soil, saturation to be adsorbed
Topsoil is removed again afterwards to reduce the method for salt content, although that there may be greater efficiency in short term, does not solve subsoil
Earth evapotranspires the root problem of the accumulation of salt in the surface soil.
Therefore, the problem of improveing saline-alkali soil technology for current charcoal, the present invention propose a kind of using biological
The method that charcoal bed course improves Coastal beach salt affected soil.The invention to freshwater resources relative deficiency, strong wind weather frequently etc. areas
The improvement in salt-soda soil is more advantageous, not only can significantly improve beach saline-alkali soil, promote soil productivity, and effect is steady
It is fixed, while can be cut down for beach pollution of area source and provide new opportunity with essence change the problems such as control.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of using charcoal bed course improvement Coastal beach alkaline land soil method, with
Quickly, coastal alkaline land soil is improved efficiently and enduringly.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention excavates improvement cell table by planning upgrading unit and improvement cell
Layer soil is laid with the charcoal bed course of 10~20cm thickness, backfill table soil, natural precipitation or elution salt discharge 3~5 to 40~50cm
It is secondary；Soil after improvement can be used for rice cultivation, wheat, vegetables or saline and alkaline resource plant etc..The particular technique that the present invention uses
Scheme is as follows：
A kind of method using charcoal bed course improvement Coastal beach alkaline land soil, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
Step 1, planning improvement region, levels land；
Step 2, with every 600m2For a upgrading unit, 5m × 6m improvement cells are turned to per unit grid, improve cell
Between interval width be 0.2~0.3m；
Step 3 excavates improvement cell surface layer saline-alkali soil to 40~50cm depth, forms charcoal bed course pit foundation；
Step 4 is laid with the charcoal bed course of 10~20cm thickness in charcoal bed course pit foundation；
Step 5, backfill table soil, is turned over even；
Step 6, the soil after must being improved after salt discharge 3~5 times.
The charcoal bed course includes successively from top to bottom：Charcoal bed course A and charcoal bed course B；Charcoal bed course A is thick
It spends for 5~15cm, is made of charcoal modules A, charcoal bed course B thickness is 5~10cm, is made of charcoal module B；Biology
Charcoal modules A and the specification of charcoal module B are：Length × width × height=10cm × 20cm × 5cm；
Charcoal modules A specifically comprises：Outside is degradability film, and inside is given birth to for mixing of the grain size less than 1mm
Object charcoal A；Wooden charcoal of the total volume 50~70%, other biological matter charcoal of the total volume 30~50%；
Charcoal module B's specifically comprises：Outside is degradability film, and inside is the mixed biologic of 1~2mm of grain size
Charcoal B；Wooden charcoal of the total volume 30~50%, other biological matter charcoal of the total volume 50~70%.
The planning improvement region is specially：Improvement region is not with improveing region with wide 0.3~0.5m, deep 0.4~0.5m
Irrigation canals and ditches interval.
The specific method of the salt discharge includes natural precipitation or artificial elution.
The wooden charcoal by sawdust, yule logs, wooden unit, the wooden raw material of coconut husk under starvation through 300~600 DEG C
It is prepared after burning；The other biological matter charcoal by rice husk, stalk, the non-wood raw material of cow dung under starvation through 300
It is prepared after~600 DEG C of burnings.
The upgrading unit can be adjusted as the case may be with the area and interval width for improveing cell.It is described to change
Soil after good is suitable for rice/wheat crop rotation, vegetables and saline and alkaline resource plant and plants a variety of land use patterns.
The present invention has advantageous effect.
(1) present invention is easy to operate by using charcoal module, only need to be by suitable charcoal module array into biology
Charcoal bed course.Charcoal bed course not only can rapidly, largely adsorb salt basic ion, obstruct salt basic ion transmission channel, prevent the accumulation of salt in the surface soil,
And it has some improvement to soil physical and chemical property tool.
(2) present invention is using various biomass castoffs as raw material, at low cost, abundance and environmental protection.
(3) present invention is limited suitable for mining of groundwater, and sea wind is big and the improvement in frequent coastal region salt-soda soil, helps
In alleviation Coastal beach RS in Alkali Region since the salt affected soil that freshwater resources deficiency is brought improves predicament.
(4) not only absorption property is good but also anti-oxidant, antidecomposition for charcoal, can retain decades very in the soil
Supreme a century time, improved effect are lasting.
(5) present invention will not only generate secondary pollution, but also significantly can control agricultural non-point source pollution simultaneously.
(6) present invention is expected to drive stalk processing in the neighbourhood and the quick hair of disposition industry to the wilderness demand of charcoal
Exhibition forms the circular agriculture pattern of planting industry-waste charing-alkaline land improving.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the improvement cell plans of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the upgrading unit schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the charcoal modules A schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the charcoal module B schematic diagrames of the present invention.
In figure：1- upgrading units, 2- improvement cells, 21- crops or plant, 22- saline-alkali soil, 23- charcoal bed courses A, 24-
Charcoal bed course B, 3- improvement minizone interval, 4- irrigation canals and ditches.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further details.
First planning improvement region, levels land, then carry out following steps：
(1) with every 600m2For a upgrading unit 1, then grid turns to improvement cell 2 again, and specification is 5m × 6m, is improved
3 width are spaced between cell 2 as 0.2~0.3m；
(2) improvement 2 saline-alkali soil 22 to 40~50cm depth of cell is excavated, forms charcoal bed course pit foundation；
(3) the charcoal bed course of 10~20cm thickness is laid in charcoal bed course pit foundation, is included successively from bottom to top：It is raw
Object charcoal bed course B24, is made of charcoal module B, and thickness is 5~10cm；Charcoal bed course A23, is made of charcoal modules A,
Thickness is 5~15cm.The specification of charcoal module B and charcoal modules A is：Length × width × height=10cm × 20cm × 5cm.
The composition of charcoal module B is specially：Degradability film is in outside, and mixed biologic charcoal B of the inside for 1~2mm of grain size is wooden
Charcoal of the total volume 30~50%, other biological matter charcoal of the total volume 50~70%；The composition of charcoal modules A is specific
For：Outside is degradability film, the internal mixed biologic charcoal A for being less than 1mm for grain size, wooden charcoal of the total volume 50~
70%, other biological matter charcoal of the total volume 30~50%.
(4) backfill table soil, is turned over even；
(5) natural precipitation or elution salt discharge 3~5 times are to get the soil after improvement.
Soil after improvement can be used for rice cultivation, wheat, vegetables and saline and alkaline resource plant.
Improvement region surrounding excavates wide 0.3~0.5m, the irrigation canals and ditches 4 of deep 0.4~0.5m are separated with not improveing region.
Embodiment one
Planning improvement region, divides upgrading unit, then grid turns to the improvement cell of 5m × 6m again, changes after leveling land
Good minizone interval width is 0.2m；Improvement cell saline-alkali soil is excavated to 40cm depth, forms charcoal bed course pit foundation；In pit foundation
It is inside first laid with the charcoal bed course B being made of charcoal module B from bottom to top, thickness 5cm is re-layed by charcoal modules A
Charcoal the bed course A, thickness 5cm of composition.The outside of charcoal modules A is degradability film, and inside is less than 1mm for grain size
Mixed biologic charcoal A, wooden charcoal of the total volume 70%, other biological matter charcoal of the total volume 30%；Charcoal module B
Outside for degradability film, inside is the mixed biologic charcoal B of 1~2mm of grain size, wooden charcoal of the total volume 30%,
Other biological matter charcoal of the total volume 70%.
Table soil is backfilled, is turned over even；Salt discharge 5 times, the soil after must improveing, available for Rice Cropping.
Improvement region surrounding excavates width 0.3m, the irrigation canals and ditches of depth 0.5m are separated with not improveing region.
Embodiment two
Planning improvement region, divides upgrading unit, then grid turns to the improvement cell of 5m × 6m again, changes after leveling land
Good minizone interval width is 0.3m；Improvement cell surface layer saline-alkali soil is excavated to 50cm, forms charcoal bed course pit foundation；In pit foundation
It is inside first laid with the charcoal bed course B being made of charcoal module B from bottom to top, thickness 10cm is re-layed by charcoal modules A
Charcoal the bed course A, thickness 10cm of composition.The outside of charcoal modules A is degradability film, and inside is less than for grain size
The mixed biologic charcoal A of 1mm, wooden charcoal of the total volume 60%, other biological matter charcoal of the total volume 40%；Charcoal mould
The outside of block B is degradability film, and inside is the mixed biologic charcoal B of 1~2mm of grain size, and wooden charcoal is of the total volume
40%, other biological matter charcoal of the total volume 60%.
Table soil is backfilled, is turned over even；Salt discharge 4 times, the soil after must improveing can planting vegetable.
Improvement region surrounding excavates width 0.5m, the irrigation canals and ditches of depth 0.4m are separated with not improveing region.
Embodiment three
Planning improvement region, divides upgrading unit, then grid turns to the improvement cell of 5m × 6m again, changes after leveling land
Good minizone interval width is 0.2m；Improvement cell surface layer saline-alkali soil is excavated to 45cm, forms charcoal bed course pit foundation；In pit foundation
It is inside first laid with the charcoal bed course B being made of charcoal module B from bottom to top, thickness 5cm is re-layed by charcoal modules A
Charcoal the bed course A, thickness 15cm of composition.The outside of charcoal modules A is degradability film, and inside is less than for grain size
The mixed biologic charcoal A of 1mm, wooden charcoal of the total volume 50%, other biological matter charcoal of the total volume 50%；Charcoal mould
The outside of block B is degradability film, and inside is the mixed biologic charcoal B of 1~2mm of grain size, and wooden charcoal is of the total volume
50%, other biological matter charcoal of the total volume 50%.
Table soil is backfilled, is turned over even；Salt discharge 3 times, the soil after must improveing can plant wheat.
Improvement region surrounding excavates width 0.4m, the irrigation canals and ditches of depth 0.5m are separated with not improveing region.
Claims (6)
- A kind of 1. method using charcoal bed course improvement Coastal beach alkaline land soil, it is characterised in that include the following steps：Step 1, planning improvement region, levels land；Step 2, with every 600 m2For a upgrading unit, the m improvement cells of 5 m × 6 are turned to per unit grid, improve minizone Interval width is 0.2 ~ 0.3m；Step 3 excavates improvement cell surface layer saline-alkali soil to 40 ~ 50 cm depth, forms charcoal bed course pit foundation；Step 4 is laid with the charcoal bed course of 10 ~ 20 cm thickness in charcoal bed course pit foundation；Step 5, backfill table soil, is turned over even；Step 6, the soil after must being improved after salt discharge 3 ~ 5 times；The charcoal bed course includes successively from top to bottom：Charcoal bed course A and charcoal bed course B；Charcoal bed course A thickness is 5 ~ 15cm is made of charcoal modules A, and charcoal bed course B thickness is 5 ~ 10cm, is made of charcoal module B；Charcoal module The specification of A and charcoal module B is：The cm of the cm of the cm of length × width × height=10 × 20 × 5；Charcoal modules A specifically comprises：Outside is degradability film, and inside is less than the mixed biologic charcoal of 1mm for grain size A；Wooden charcoal of the total volume 50 ~ 70%, other biological matter charcoal of the total volume 30 ~ 50%；Charcoal module B's specifically comprises：Outside is degradability film, and inside is the mixed biologic charcoal B of 1 ~ 2mm of grain size； Wooden charcoal of the total volume 30 ~ 50%, other biological matter charcoal of the total volume 50 ~ 70%.
- 2. a kind of method using charcoal bed course improvement Coastal beach alkaline land soil according to claim 1, special Sign is that the planning improvement region is specially：Improvement region is not with improveing region with wide 0.3 ~ 0.5 m, deep 0.4 ~ 0.5 m ditches Canal interval.
- 3. a kind of method using charcoal bed course improvement Coastal beach alkaline land soil according to claim 1, special Sign is：The specific method of the salt discharge includes natural precipitation or artificial elution.
- 4. a kind of method using charcoal bed course improvement Coastal beach alkaline land soil according to claim 1, special Sign is：The wooden charcoal is fired by sawdust, yule logs, wooden unit, the wooden raw material of coconut husk under starvation through 300 ~ 600 DEG C It is prepared after burning；The other biological matter charcoal by rice husk, stalk, the non-wood raw material of cow dung under starvation through 300 ~ It is prepared after 600 DEG C of burnings.
- 5. a kind of method using charcoal bed course improvement Coastal beach alkaline land soil according to claim 1, special Sign is：The upgrading unit can be adjusted as the case may be with the area and interval width for improveing cell.
- 6. a kind of method using charcoal bed course improvement Coastal beach alkaline land soil according to claim 1, special Sign is：Soil after the improvement is suitable for rice/wheat crop rotation, vegetables and saline and alkaline resource plant and plants a variety of land uses Type.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106817942A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-06-13 | 赵常然 | By alkaline land improving into spongy soil method |
| CN107371432B (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2020-10-20 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | Method for comprehensively improving beach sandy soil by using biochar soil and building waste soil |
| CN109566288B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-08-17 | 北京市农林科学院 | Improvement method for coastal severe saline-alkali soil |
| CN110121965A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-08-16 | 上海科苑景观工程设计有限公司 | A kind of planting site and its modification method based on beach saline-alkali improved |
| CN110366893A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-10-25 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A method of addition charcoal improves saline-alkali grassland soil quality |
| CN114451230B (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2023-02-17 | 华清农业开发有限公司 | Planting method of moderate and severe saline-alkali soil water retention, salt resistance and carbon increase fertile soil |
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Application publication date: 20160928 Assignee: Nanjing Forestry University Engineering Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd. Assignor: Nanjing Forestry University Contract record no.: 2019320000107 Denomination of invention: Method for improving saline-alkali soil of coastal mud flat by using charcoal cushion layer Granted publication date: 20180626 License type: Common License Record date: 20190416 Application publication date: 20160928 Assignee: Hongze Forest Farm, Huaian City Assignor: Nanjing Forestry University Contract record no.: 2019320000106 Denomination of invention: Method for improving saline-alkali soil of coastal mud flat by using charcoal cushion layer Granted publication date: 20180626 License type: Common License Record date: 20190416 |
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Effective date of registration: 20190507 Address after: 210037 Third Floor, North Gate, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Nanjing Forestry University Engineering Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd. Address before: No. 159, dragon pan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Patentee before: Nanjing Forestry University |