CN109940033B - Foreign soil restoration method for farmland heavy metal pollution - Google Patents
Foreign soil restoration method for farmland heavy metal pollution Download PDFInfo
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- CN109940033B CN109940033B CN201910320066.1A CN201910320066A CN109940033B CN 109940033 B CN109940033 B CN 109940033B CN 201910320066 A CN201910320066 A CN 201910320066A CN 109940033 B CN109940033 B CN 109940033B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 100
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920006262 high density polyethylene film Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for restoring foreign soil polluted by heavy metals in farmland, which comprises the steps of cleaning original polluted soil, blocking operation, earthing operation and the like. The blocking operation is divided into blocking in the peripheral direction and blocking in the vertical direction, so that the contact between new soil after soil is removed and original polluted soil can be effectively avoided, and secondary pollution to uncontaminated new soil after soil removal caused by natural or artificial processes such as natural rainfall leaching and flushing, seepage, irrigation and groundwater billowing is prevented. The method is suitable for restoring farmland soil after heavy metal is seriously polluted, and can effectively solve the problem that new soil after soil dressing is easily polluted by original polluted soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a foreign soil remediation method for farmland heavy metal pollution.
Background
The foreign soil technology is used as a physical restoration technology for high-concentration polluted soil in a plurality of countries, for example, the main technology is the foreign soil method, namely the restoration technology is developed for cadmium polluted farmland in Shentong Sichuan area in Japan 60 s.
The basic process implemented by the soil remediation technology is to replace the contaminated soil with uncontaminated soil to remove the contaminated soil or reduce the concentration of contaminants in the soil. Crop is planted on the soil after soil covering is finished, so that the effect of absorbing and enriching pollutants by the crop can be effectively reduced, and the safety and usability of the crop are ensured.
The soil-dressing technique is divided into in-situ soil dressing and ex-situ soil dressing: in-situ soil dressing mainly refers to deep ploughing, namely ploughing soil with lower deep pollution degree to a surface layer, and filling the soil with heavier surface layer pollution to a bottom layer, thereby realizing in-situ soil dressing restoration. The method is suitable for the condition that the pollution degree is light, and especially the deep soil is not obviously polluted. The ex-situ foreign soil is mainly prepared by digging out and carrying away the polluted soil, and then carrying the uncontaminated soil in other places to the place for filling replacement, so that the ex-situ foreign soil restoration of the polluted soil is realized.
The existing soil-dressing technology is limited by construction conditions, cost, technology and the like, and can not realize the full soil dressing of the polluted soil in the whole patch area for the restoration of the large patch area and the polluted heavy soil. Thus, secondary pollution of uncontaminated new soil after the contaminated old soil is replaced with the alien soil occurs.
Because the actual implementation process is usually only carried out on the foreign soil of the polluted soil in a limited range, the new soil after the foreign soil is finished still can be surrounded by the polluted old soil, the deep soil and the surrounding soil of the land after the foreign soil is often still the soil with heavy pollution, and the soil with heavy pollution is naturally or artificially washed by natural rainfall, leaching, seepage, irrigation, groundwater billowing and the like, so that the new soil which is not polluted originally can be polluted, and the soil restoration effect is lost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a method for restoring the foreign soil polluted by heavy metals in farmland, which aims to solve the problem that new soil after foreign soil is polluted by original polluted soil easily.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the foreign soil restoration method for the metal polluted farmland comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning original polluted soil: digging out and transporting away the polluted soil on the surface layer of the farmland to be repaired, leaving an excavation point in the farmland, wherein the depth of the excavation point is 0.5-1 m, and the included angle between the side wall of the excavation point and the ground plane is 90-120 degrees;
s2, blocking operation:
(1) barrier in the circumferential direction: paving a water-impermeable layer with the thickness of 1-5 mm on the surface of the side wall of the excavation point, respectively reserving an upper flanging and a lower flanging with the widths of 5-10 cm at the upper end and the lower end of the water-impermeable layer, respectively fixing the upper flanging and the lower flanging into a fixed groove at the ground plane and the bottom of the excavation point, and finishing the paving of the water-impermeable layer;
(2) barrier in vertical direction: paving a barrier layer at the bottom of the excavation point to avoid secondary pollution to new soil caused by upward flushing of underground water; the barrier layer comprises two layers of wrapping cloth and a blocking material layer positioned between the wrapping cloth, and the thickness of the blocking material layer is 10-30 cm;
s3, earthing operation: after the blocking operation is completed, the uncontaminated new soil is buried into the excavation point layer by layer until the upper surface of the new soil is flush with the original soil, and the soil is removed.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be improved as follows.
Further, the included angle between the side wall of the excavation point and the ground plane is 100 degrees.
Further, the impermeable layer is an HDPE film or a cement hardened wall.
Further, the wrapping cloth in the blocking layer is geotextile, and the blocking material layer is cobble or gravel.
Further, the laying method of the barrier layer comprises the following steps: laying a layer of cobble or gravel with the thickness of 10-30 cm on the bottom geotextile at the bottom of the excavation point, and then covering the upper geotextile on the surface of the cobble to finish the laying of the barrier layer.
Further, the wrapping cloth in the blocking layer is geotextile, and the blocking material layer is bentonite; a plurality of drainage gabions are arranged in the barrier layer, the drainage gabions are vertically arranged, the upper ends of the drainage gabions are connected with the upper geotechnical cloth of the barrier layer, and the upper geotechnical cloth of the barrier layer is concave towards the drainage gabions; the lower end of the drainage gabion penetrates through the lower geotechnical cloth of the barrier layer and stretches into the farmland plots.
Further, the drainage gabion is cylindrical or barrel-shaped and consists of geotextile on the outer side and cobbles or gravels wrapped in the geotextile.
Further, the concrete method of the earthing operation in the S3 is as follows: firstly filling soil by 10-15 cm in an excavation point, then rolling to a thickness of 5-10 cm, filling soil by 10-15 cm on the rolled new soil, and repeating rolling and filling operations until the upper surface of the new soil is level with the original soil, thus finishing soil filling.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention adopts a blocking mode of the peripheral direction and the vertical direction, so that the secondary pollution of original polluted soil around the land and in the deep vertical direction after the completion of the foreign soil to uncontaminated new soil after the foreign soil is caused by natural or artificial processes such as natural rainfall leaching and flushing, seepage, irrigation, groundwater billowing and the like is avoided. And the impermeable measures such as the impermeable layer are utilized in the peripheral direction to realize the separation, so that the pollution of the polluted new soil after soil is removed can be effectively prevented by the forms of rain washing, irrigation and water seepage and the like. Utilize the barrier layer in the vertical direction can effectively eliminate bottom soil and groundwater and gush up the capillary of upper soil, the barrier layer forms the permeable layer through adopting double-deck geotechnique cloth parcel cobble or gravel's mode, to the circumstances that rainfall is big and irrigate too hard, can effectively discharge infiltration down, prevent that bottom ponding from causing crop root system rotting.
2. According to the invention, the impervious layer and the barrier layer are arranged in the excavation point, so that the effective time of the soil remediation technology can be effectively prolonged, and the long-term effectiveness of soil remediation results of the soil is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a layer of blocking material in the form of cobbles or gravel;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a bottom mat;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the blocking material layer as bentonite;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a drainage gabion;
wherein, 1, a water impermeable layer; 2. a bottom cushion layer; 21. wrapping cloth; 22. a blocking material layer; 3. excavating points; 4. up-flanging; 5. a lower flanging is carried out; 6. a drainage gabion; 61. geotextile; 62. cobblestones or gravel.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings.
The core technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to ensure that the deep layer of the land after the completion of the alien soil and the surrounding original polluted soil can not cause secondary pollution to the uncontaminated new soil after the alien soil is restored to the severely polluted soil in a limited range, namely, the long-term effectiveness of the alien soil technology soil restoration is ensured.
The technical scheme of the invention mainly aims at the soil-dressing repair situation of dry lands, and is a soil-dressing repair technology special for dry lands. The dry land is widely distributed in China, and has the characteristics of low groundwater level, drought land and the like, and particularly comprises general dry land, sloping field, terraced fields and the like.
The scheme is mainly suitable for arid plots such as arid lands, sloping fields, terraced fields and the like, and is also suitable for other soil plot types under the condition of allowing.
The land block foreign soil restoration technology mainly comprises the following processes:
1. cleaning of original contaminated soil
And selecting a farmland needing to be repaired, excavating and transporting original polluted soil on the surface layer of the farmland by adopting forms such as excavation and the like, and forming pits in the farmland, wherein the pits are excavation points 3, and the depth of the excavation points 3 is 0.5-1 m. In the process of excavation, the side wall of the excavation point 3 is processed by tools such as a hoe, a shovel and the like, so that the included angle between the side wall of the excavation point 3 and the ground plane is 90-120 degrees, as shown in figure 1. In order to enable the impermeable layer 1 to be well attached to the side wall of the excavation point 3 in the laying process, the included angle between the side wall of the excavation point 3 and the ground plane is preferably larger than 90 degrees, but along with the increase of the angle, the area of the side wall of the excavation point 3 is also increased, and the impermeable layer 1 is also increased when the blocking operation is carried out subsequently, so that the soil-carrying cost is increased; for the reasons described above, the included angle between the side wall of the excavation point 3 and the ground plane is preferably controlled to be about 100 degrees in the present invention.
2. Blocking work
For the land block polluted by the area, even if the original polluted soil in the excavation point 1 is excavated, the periphery and the lower layer of the excavation point 3 are polluted soil, and effective protective measures are adopted to prevent the original polluted soil on the periphery and the lower layer from causing secondary pollution to new soil which is not polluted after foreign soil is generated by natural or artificial processes such as rainfall leaching, irrigation, groundwater kick and the like. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Barrier in the circumferential direction
After the polluted soil in the excavation point 3 is excavated, the impermeable layer 1 is paved on the side walls around the excavation point 3, so that the separation in the circumferential direction is realized, and the pollution of the surrounding soil to new soil in the forms of rain washing and irrigation water seepage and the like is prevented. The impermeable layer 1 is made of impermeable materials, such as HDPE films or cement hardened walls. Taking an HDPE film as an example, the method for laying the impermeable layer 1 will be described in detail: selecting an HDPE film with the thickness of 1-5 mm, wherein the width of the HDPE film is 10-20 cm larger than the length of the side wall of the excavation point 3; after selecting an HDPE film, spreading the HDPE film on the side wall of the excavation point 3, respectively reserving an upper flanging 4 and a lower flanging 5 which are 5-10 cm wide at the upper end and the lower end of the HDPE film, respectively fixing the upper flanging 4 and the lower flanging 5 in a fixed groove at the ground level and the bottom of the excavation point 3, and finishing the laying of the impermeable layer 1; the impermeable layer 1 is laid as shown in fig. 1 or 3.
(2) Barrier in vertical direction
Because the bottom soil can cause upward billowing of the leachate of the bottom polluted soil or polluted groundwater in the forms of capillary upwelling and the like, the secondary pollution of the uncontaminated new soil after the soil is covered on the upper layer is caused.
In view of the situation, as shown in fig. 1 or 3, the invention eliminates capillary action by paving the barrier layer 2 at the bottom of the excavation point 3, and prevents new soil which is not polluted after foreign soil from being polluted and secondary pollution. As shown in fig. 2, the barrier layer 2 in the present invention includes two wrapping cloths 21 and a blocking material layer 22 between the two wrapping cloths 21. In order to eliminate capillary phenomenon and avoid water accumulation on the barrier layer 2, the blocking material layer 22 should have larger gaps, the blocking material layer 22 in the invention is made of cobbles or gravels, and when the cobbles or gravels are piled up, the cobbles or gravels can form larger gaps in the pile body, and the gaps not only can effectively eliminate capillary effect, but also are beneficial to the lower drainage of water seepage of the upper layer; the cobble or gravel used in the invention has a particle size of 4-8 cm. The wrapping cloth 21 of the present invention is not only used for maintaining the shape of the blocking material layer 22, but also plays a role in preventing soil from entering the blocking material layer 22, and cannot affect the water seepage effect, so that the wrapping cloth 21 of the present invention is made of a material having good wear resistance and water permeability, such as geotextile. The laying method of the barrier layer 2 in the invention comprises the following steps: laying a layer of cobble or gravel with the thickness of 10-30 cm on the bottom geotextile at the bottom of the excavation point 3, and then covering the upper geotextile on the surface of the cobble to finish the laying of the barrier layer 2.
In addition, in order to avoid the situation that the underground water is too much and overflows the barrier layer 2, a drain pipe is laid in the barrier layer 2, a drain hole is formed in the top of the drain pipe, and when the underground water is too much, the underground water enters the drain pipe through the drain hole and is discharged through the drain pipe.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the barrier layer structure is as shown in fig. 3. The barrier layer 2 in fig. 3 comprises two layers of wrapping cloth 21 made of water permeable materials such as geotextile and a bentonite layer positioned between the two layers of wrapping cloth 21, bentonite is selected as the blocking material layer 22, and the bentonite has the characteristics of seepage prevention and water impermeability, so that the upward surge of underground water can be effectively stopped; however, bentonite is adopted, the problem that water seepage of upper soil is difficult to discharge is also caused, and plant root rot is easy to cause, and on the basis of the problem, a plurality of drainage gabions 6 are arranged in the barrier layer 2, and the interval between each two drainage gabions 6 is 2-3 m; the drainage gabion 6 is cylindrical or barrel-shaped and consists of geotextile 61 on the outer side and cobbles or gravels 62 wrapped in the geotextile 61, the upper end of the drainage gabion is connected with the geotextile on the upper layer of the barrier layer 2, and the geotextile on the upper layer of the barrier layer 2 is concavely arranged to the drainage gabion 6 so as to be beneficial to guiding and draining irrigation water; the lower end of the drainage gabion 6 penetrates through the lower geotechnical cloth of the barrier layer 2 and stretches into the farmland plots. The method of laying the barrier layer 4 in fig. 3 is: digging a pit for placing the drainage gabion 6 at the bottom of the excavation point 3, vertically placing the drainage gabion 6 into the pit, paving the bottom geotechnical cloth at the bottom of the excavation point 3, burying bentonite on the bottom geotechnical cloth, facing the drainage gabion 6 in a concave way on the upper end face of the bentonite, and finally paving the upper geotechnical cloth on the upper end face of the bentonite to finish the paving of the barrier layer 4 in the groove 2.
The upper geotechnical cloth, the lower geotechnical cloth, the bentonite cushion layer, the drainage gabion and the surrounding geotechnical cloth form a waterproof cushion layer blocking mode of the scheme, so that secondary pollution of bottom soil and groundwater to new soil which is not polluted by upper foreign soil can be effectively eliminated, excessive ponding can be effectively discharged, and excessive soaking and scouring of upper soil caused by underground water seepage can be prevented.
3. Earthing operation
After the impermeable layer 2 on the peripheral direction and the barrier layer 3 on the bottom vertical direction are paved, soil-alienating operation can be carried out, wherein the soil-alienating operation is to fill uncontaminated new soil into the excavation point 1, the new soil is filled and layered, namely, about 10cm to 15cm of soil is filled in the excavation point, the thickness of the new soil layer is pressed to 5cm to 10cm by adopting modes of stepping, rolling and the like, 10cm to 15cm of soil is filled in the rolled new soil, and the rolling and soil-alienating operation is repeated until the upper surface of the new soil is flush with the original soil, so that the soil alienating operation is completed.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present patent. Various modifications and variations which may be made by those skilled in the art without the creative effort are within the scope of the patent described in the claims.
Claims (4)
1. The method for restoring the foreign soil polluted by the heavy metal in the farmland is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, cleaning original polluted soil: digging out and transporting away the polluted soil on the surface layer of the farmland to be repaired, and leaving an excavation point (3) in the farmland, wherein the depth of the excavation point (3) is 0.5-1 m, and the included angle between the side wall of the excavation point (3) and the ground plane is 90-120 degrees;
s2, blocking operation:
(1) barrier in the circumferential direction: paving a water-impermeable layer (1) with the thickness of 1-5 mm on the surface of the side wall of an excavation point (3), respectively reserving an upper flanging (4) and a lower flanging (5) with the widths of 5-10 cm at the upper end and the lower end of the water-impermeable layer (1), respectively fixing the upper flanging (4) and the lower flanging (5) into a ground plane and a fixed groove at the bottom of the excavation point (3), and finishing the paving of the water-impermeable layer (1);
(2) barrier in vertical direction: paving a barrier layer (2) at the bottom of the excavation point (3) to avoid secondary pollution to new soil caused by upward flushing of underground water; the barrier layer (2) comprises two layers of wrapping cloth (21) and a blocking material layer (22) positioned between the wrapping cloth (21), wherein the thickness of the blocking material layer (22) is 10-30 cm; the wrapping cloth (21) in the barrier layer (2) is geotextile, the blocking material layer (22) is cobble or gravel, and the laying method of the barrier layer (2) comprises the following steps: paving a bottom geotextile at the bottom of an excavation point (3), paving a layer of cobblestones or gravels with the thickness of 10-30 cm on the bottom geotextile, and then covering an upper geotextile on the surface of the cobblestones to finish the paving of a barrier layer (2); or, the wrapping cloth (21) in the barrier layer (2) is geotextile, and the blocking material layer (22) is bentonite; a plurality of drainage gabions (6) are arranged in the barrier layer (2), the drainage gabions (6) are vertically arranged, the upper ends of the drainage gabions are connected with the upper geotechnical cloth of the barrier layer (2), and the upper geotechnical cloth of the barrier layer (2) is concave towards the drainage gabions (6); the lower end of the drainage gabion (6) penetrates through the lower geotextile of the barrier layer (2) to extend into the farmland plots, and the drainage gabion (6) is cylindrical or barrel-shaped and consists of geotextile (61) on the outer side and cobbles or gravels (62) wrapped in the geotextile (61);
s3, earthing operation: after the blocking operation is completed, the uncontaminated new soil is buried into the excavation point (3) layer by layer until the upper surface of the new soil is level with the original soil, and the soil is removed.
2. The method for restoring the foreign soil polluted by the heavy metal in the farmland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the included angle between the side wall of the excavation point (3) and the ground plane is 100 degrees.
3. The method for restoring the foreign soil polluted by the heavy metal in the farmland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the impermeable layer (1) is an HDPE film or a cement hardened wall.
4. The method for restoring the foreign soil polluted by the heavy metal in the farmland according to claim 1, wherein the concrete method for the earthing operation in the step S3 is as follows: firstly filling soil in an excavation point (3) by 10-15 cm, then rolling to a thickness of 5-10 cm, filling the soil on the rolled new soil by 10-15 cm, and repeating the rolling and filling operation until the upper surface of the new soil is flush with the original soil, thereby finishing soil covering.
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| CN110685659A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-01-14 | 宋凯 | Low-permeability medium hydraulic fracturing modification three-dimensional simulation system and use method |
| CN113909281A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-01-11 | 中地宝联(北京)国土资源勘查技术开发集团有限公司 | Application method of bentonite in soil heavy metal pollution remediation |
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| CN109940033A (en) | 2019-06-28 |
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