CN101897269B - Cultivation method for interplanting stevia rebaudiana in tobacco - Google Patents
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- CN101897269B CN101897269B CN2010102339873A CN201010233987A CN101897269B CN 101897269 B CN101897269 B CN 101897269B CN 2010102339873 A CN2010102339873 A CN 2010102339873A CN 201010233987 A CN201010233987 A CN 201010233987A CN 101897269 B CN101897269 B CN 101897269B
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method for interplanting stevia rebaudiana in tobacco. The method interplants the stevia rebaudiana at the initial stage before harvesting the tobacco to realize interplanting while harvesting. The method improves the traditional 'tobacco-rice rotation' or 'tobacco-vegetable rotation' mode by using the space and time of tobacco growth, and is feasible for improving the multiple crop indexes and increasing one-season income of farmers by adopting a 'tobacco-stevia rebaudiana-rice rotation' or 'tobacco-stevia rebaudiana-vegetable rotation' mode. The cultivation method improves the yield of unit area, improves the quality of crops, makes full use of time and space of preceding crop harvest and improves the multiple crop indexes; and the interplanting cultivation method is simple and convenient to operate, saves labor and cost, and has remarkable economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a planting type that grows tobacco interplanting, related more specifically to a cultivation method that grows tobacco interplanting stevia rebaudiana.
Background technology
Tobacco is the main economic crops in Fujian Province, mainly be distributed in the northwestward in Fujian, because tobacco is not suitable for continuous cropping, the cropping pattern of Fujian tobacco grower employing for many years is " crop rotation of cigarette rice " or " crop rotation of cigarette dish ", so both avoided because the problem that damage by disease and insect that continuous cropping causes and cigarette quality descend can solve the land use problem again simultaneously.According to tracking and monitoring in recent years, the annual pattern of " crop rotation of cigarette rice " or " crop rotation of cigarette dish " that adopts of tobacco grower can be brought about 3000 yuan of every mu of annual earnings, but there is following problem in this pattern: the one, and flue-cured tobacco must harvest before mid-July, the warm optical condition of this section mid-July to mid-August climatic resources preferably can't be utilized, cause that the tobacco leaf look light, sheet is thin, fragrance is light, inherent quality descends, and the cigarette valency is low.The 2nd, season anxiety, it is serious that phenomenon is slightly planted in extensive cultivation, can only yield poorly based on short long-grained nonglutinous rice morning breeding time in the rice varieties arrangement, rice matter is poor.
Interplanting is meant later stage in preceding a kind of plant growth, its reservation in the ranks or interband a kind of planting patterns of interplanting other crop.China uses on vegetable growing relatively early, and general.Be widely used on field crop in recent years, especially the area of province's wheat such as Henan, Shandong, Hebei and interplantings such as cotton, wheat and corn, wheat and peanut accounts for more than 70%～80%.On tobacco, there was the wheat cover to grow tobacco in recent years, planting patternss such as tobacco interplanting sweet potato or peanut.
The principal mode of tobacco interplanting is the interplanting of wheat cigarette, and the wheat cover grows tobacco and all exists in many cigarette districts.Wheat cigarette interplanting is not that all is right, exists the wheat cigarette in the symbiosis phase at the wheat cigarette and wins honour for, strives water, strives contradiction such as fertilizer, and the symbiosis phase is long more, and contradiction is outstanding more, if do not note these unfavorable factors, untimely taking measures will be caused unnecessary loss.According to (1998) such as Wang Yujun, the prometaphase of wheat cigarette symbiosis phase appreciable impact flue-cured tobacco growth the maturation of tobacco leaf is gathered, output, gone up the medium grade cigarette ratio certain influence is also arranged, and the phase of giving birth to is long more, influences big more.The report that the tobacco interplanting stevia rebaudiana is not arranged so far as yet.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a cultivation method that grows tobacco interplanting stevia rebaudiana.Not only improve the unit are output value but also improve crop quality.It is easy to operate to transplant ridging, saving of labor's abridged edition, remarkable in economical benefits.
The cultivation method of tobacco interplanting stevia rebaudiana of the present invention is characterised in that the tobacco beginning initial stage interplanting stevia rebaudiana of gathering, the interplanting while gathering.
Described cultivation method concrete steps are as follows:
(1) tobacco planting: tobacco sowing, plantation finish, and gather from the foot blade;
(2) stevia plantation;
(3) interplanting: stevia is transplanted, interplanting stevia rebaudiana after the lower blade of tobacco is gathered for the first time;
(4) density control: according to the plantation density of the vega tobacco rod root plantation stevia that staggers;
(5) planting patterns: utilize sharp bamboo let during interplanting or cut sharp duckpin bundle hole field planting, cover completely with wet soil; Make the seedling vertical ground of stevia when planting seedling, the field planting degree of depth is 1/2 of a height of seedling, does not press the heart, does not hinder bottom leaf, not the nest root;
(6) final-period management: tobacco is gathered, and stevia pinching is pinched.
Applicant of the present invention, finds out one and is enclosed within the efficient planting technology that the vega interplanting stevia rebaudiana reaches increasing both production and income by raising the multiple-cropping index through nearly 3 years control experiment, and the cropping pattern that the contrast tobacco grower is traditional can at least profits that increase income more than 50% more.Set forth the present invention from several aspects such as natural conditions, breediness, cultivation mode, field management key technology, benefit contrast below.
One, natural conditions:
The northwestward, Fujian Province belongs to the maritime monsoon climatic region of middle subtropical zone.Have a moderate climate, rainfall is abundant, the illumination abundance.Forest coverage reaches 76.8%, have the laudatory title of " green treasure-house ".219.33 ten thousand mu of whole district's total area under cultivations, 80.45 ten thousand mu of wherein suitable cigarette arable areas.Soil property weak acid, the content of organic matter is abundanter, the growth of very suitable tobacco of natural ecological condition and stevia.The tobacco planting area of the whole province is about 3,000,000 mu, and stevia is expected to be issued to more than ten thousand mu in the popularization of this patent of invention.
Two, breediness:
1, tobacco: Solanaceae (Solanaceae) Nicotiana (Nicotiana) annual herb plant.Tobacco happiness temperature, happiness light, happiness are wet, are afraid of waterlogging, need potassium more.Optimum temperature is 25～28 ℃.1～3 meter of plant height.Stem is upright, the leaf alternate.It is very fast that the rear blade growth is transplanted in the cigarette strain, and the 45 day front and back of acme after transplanting increase by 1 every day approximately.The leaf area index of most of flue-cured tobacco cultivars is about 0.65.Under the sufficient and not strong condition of daylight, the tobacco quality performance is excellent.
2, stevia: composite family herbaceos perennial.90-150 centimetre of stevia plant height, the growth cycle after most kind field planting is 100-120 days, contains the synanthrin glucoside in the blade, its sugariness is 150～300 times of sucrose, heat be sucrose 1/300, be a kind of fabulous natural sweetener.The strong stress resistance of stevia, damage by disease and insect is few, wide adaptability, stevia growth optimum temperature is 24～29 ℃, stevia requires not tight to soil, less demanding to nutriment in a fertilizer, like warm moisture-proof and be afraid of drought, its root system is more shallow, cultivation with fertile humidity and irrigation and drainage easily sandy loam for well, stevia is a short day crop, and illumination is longer than and just can not be normally yielded positive results in 12 hours.The happiness stray light can be planted some long-stalked crops between the furrow limit, adapt to its requirement to stray light.
Three, cultivation mode:
1, tobacco: sowing at the beginning of annual November-12 month, plantation finishes, begins to gather at the beginning of the normal 5 months by the end of April time at the beginning of 1 year 3 months, gather from the foot blade, most of kinds need be gathered 4 times, and be 1-2 week the interval of at every turn gathering, the end of gathering by the end of July.Tobacco planting need descend a large amount of base manure and covering film plantation, and the seeding row spacing of planting is 100cm * 60cm, every mu of about 1000 ~ 1200 strains.
2, stevia: according to the climatic characteristic in Fujian Province, the stevia plantation can be from by the end of April, the end of gathering at the beginning of 8 months by the end of July, the seeding row spacing of planting is 30cm * 20cm, every mu of about 8000～10000 strains, recruitment management such as covering with plastic film plantation can effectively minimizing weeding, seedling preferably has in earlier stage suitably shelters from heat or light, and is beneficial to leaf growth.
3, interplanting pattern: step 1 and 2 is respectively the cultivation mode of tobacco and the normal plantation of stevia, the cultivation time is constant during interplanting, but made full use of tobacco and gathered the beginning back because leaf area reduces and the light source of diffused light increase and the space between the tobacco cultivation seeding row spacing, stevia can be planted more than 4000 strains for every mu during interplanting.
Four, field management key technology:
1, time control: the time of vega interplanting stevia rebaudiana holds extremely important, both otherwise influencing tobacco growing gathers, growth after the stevia field planting is satisfied in enough illumination is arranged again, the picking time different, begin plantation after generally the lower blade that is held in tobacco being gathered for the first time according to various places.Plant that the seedling time should be selected sooner or later or the cloudy day, must guard against the high noon of fine day, also can be chosen in the little rainy day to transplant.
2, density control: according to the tobacco rod root plantation of staggering of the plantation density of vega, because the line-spacing of tobacco has 100cm, the furrow face of all every furrow can be arranged the triplex row plantation at least, the spacing in the rows of tobacco has 60cm, just can arrange the stevia plantation of 3 strains, every mu of vega can be planted more than stevia 4000 strains like this.
3, plant method for planting control: vega interplanting stevia rebaudiana most critical be can not hurt the tobacco root simultaneously stevia enough growing spaces are arranged again, can utilize sharp bamboo let in the time of interplanting or cut sharp duckpin and prick the hole field planting, cover completely with wet soil, in order to insulation.Plant Miao Shiyao and make stevia seedling vertical ground, the field planting degree of depth should be 1/2 of height of seedling, does not press the heart, does not hinder bottom leaf, not the nest root.
4, final-period management: along with gathering of tobacco, the light transmittance in field is more and more higher, and it is very fast that simultaneous temperature rises, and is the prosperous long-term of stevia during this period of time, and when stevia growth of seedling to 5-7 pair true leaf, pinching is for the first time pinched.When pinching is for the second time arrived 5-7 to blade at long branch, pluck the branch seedling top heart and get final product.The pinching purpose is to promote multi-branched blade how long, and pinching is slow excessively, and branch position height forms high stalk seedling, lodges easily and fractures and cause the underproduction.Cut leaf first half of the month sealing fertilizer, to improve the blade sugariness.
Five, benefit contrast:
The stevia culture technique is grasped easily, and management expectancy is not high, and every mu can be produced about 250 kilograms of cured leafs year.The output of vega interplanting stevia rebaudiana is more than 100 kilograms, the income of 1 mu of stevia of interplanting has been saved the input of normal field planting such as whole ground, mulch film, fertilizer, peasant household's less investment income height simultaneously about 1500 yuan, most critical is not influence back stubble plantation, is equivalent to peasant household and has gathered a season more.In sum, the tobacco interplanting stevia rebaudiana, utilize the room and time of tobacco growing, improve traditional " crop rotation of cigarette rice " or " crop rotation of cigarette dish " pattern, " cigarette ~ chrysanthemum ~ rice crop rotation " or " cigarette ~ chrysanthemum ~ dish crop rotation " pattern of employing, by raising the multiple-cropping index, it is practicable that increase by one season of peasant household is taken in.
Remarkable advantage of the present invention:
1, the cultivation method of tobacco interplanting stevia rebaudiana not only improves the unit are output value but also improves crop quality;
2, make full use of time and space that previous crops is gathered, improved cropping index;
3, method for interplanting cultivation is simple, easy to operate, saving of labor's abridged edition, remarkable in economical benefits.
Embodiment
A) tobacco planting: sowing at the beginning of November-12 month, plantation finishes, begins to gather at the beginning of 5 months by the end of April at the beginning of 1 year 3 months, gathers from the foot blade, and most of kinds need be gathered 4 times, and be 1-2 week the interval of at every turn gathering, the end of gathering by the end of July.Tobacco planting need descend a large amount of base manure and covering film plantation, and the seeding row spacing of planting is 100cm * 60cm, every mu of about 1000 ~ 1200 strains.
B) stevia plantation: stevia is planted from by the end of April, the end of gathering at the beginning of 8 months by the end of July, the seeding row spacing of planting is 30cm * 20cm, every mu of about 8000～10000 strains, recruitment management such as covering with plastic film plantation can effectively minimizing weeding, seedling preferably has suitably in earlier stage shelters from heat or light, and is beneficial to leaf growth.
C) interplanting: when beginning to gather ground floor bottommost tobacco leaf by the end of April, near interplanting stevia rebaudiana every strain tobacco leaf root can be planted 4000 strains for every mu, and principle is utilized the upper space that exposes behind the tobacco leaf picking as far as possible for not hindering the tobacco leaf root;
D) after the stevia field planting interplanting, should execute normal root liquid manure one time, not only satisfy the stevia early growth but also provide tobacco leaf root nutrient, method is that the urea of every mu of usefulness 0.1% concentration adds 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and green prosperous 3000 times of liquid mixing root impose outward;
E) when 3 stevia growth of seedling to 5-7 pair true leaf, pinching is for the first time pinched, and potash fertilizer is paid attention to enriching in the back of pinching, and general mu is executed 45% composite fertilizer 10-15 kilogram; When pinching is for the second time arrived 5-7 to blade at long branch, pluck the branch seedling top heart and get final product, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of heavy dressing after secondary is pinched, every mu of consumption 20-25 kilogram.Twice fertilising simultaneously can promote the tobacco leaf growth, increases the vane thickness of tobacco leaf, improves yield of tobacco and quality; Simultaneously can improve stevia blade sugariness;
F) buddingging 5% the time when the stevia plant, is stevia results best period.At this moment, stevia cured leaf output and to contain the glucoside amount the highest, results too early, after all reducing output late and containing the glucoside amount.Being chosen in continuous sunny is to carry out main morning or the dusk;
G) August the early and middle ten days stevia gather finish after, stevia rebaudianum and late rice rice field-upland field rotation can improve current year's income, can alleviate next year tobacco leaf and stevia rebaudianum disease pest and weed again.
Claims (2)
1. a cultivation method that grows tobacco interplanting stevia rebaudiana is characterized in that: the tobacco beginning initial stage interplanting stevia rebaudiana of gathering; Described cultivation method concrete steps are as follows:
(1) tobacco planting: tobacco sowing, plantation finish, and gather from the foot blade;
(2) stevia plantation;
(3) interplanting: stevia is transplanted, interplanting stevia rebaudiana after the lower blade of tobacco is gathered for the first time;
(4) density control: according to the plantation density of the vega tobacco rod root plantation stevia that staggers;
(5) planting patterns: utilize sharp bamboo let during interplanting or cut sharp duckpin bundle hole field planting, cover completely with wet soil; Make the seedling vertical ground of stevia when planting seedling, the field planting degree of depth is 1/2 of a height of seedling, does not press the heart, does not hinder bottom leaf, not the nest root;
(6) final-period management: tobacco is gathered, and stevia pinching is pinched.
2. the cultivation method of tobacco interplanting stevia rebaudiana according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described stevia pinching is pinched, and when stevia growth of seedling to 5-7 pair true leaf, pinching is for the first time pinched; When pinching is for the second time arrived 5-7 to blade at long branch, pluck the branch seedling top heart and get final product.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN102487715A (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2012-06-13 | 云南云蕊生物资源开发有限公司 | Method for crop rotation of erigeron breviscapus and tobacco |
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