CN104082028B - Flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating, the summer cucumber, the autumn prolongs late cowpea 1 year three batches of efficient cultivation method - Google Patents
Flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating, the summer cucumber, the autumn prolongs late cowpea 1 year three batches of efficient cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating-cucumber-autumn in summer prolongs late cowpea 1 year three batches of efficient cultivation method, due to the reasonable arrangement crops for rotation phase: first batch of flue-cured tobacco is sowed to mid-February in unit the middle of the month, and late April to mid-May, cured tobacco seedling went out canopy; Second batch the summer cucumber in late April seeding and seedling raising, be colonizated in mid-May in flue-cured tobacco canopy, gather to mid-August by the end of June; 3rd batch of autumn prolong late cowpea cucumber also do not gather complete before, in early July to mid-July, point is sowed in cucumber railway carriage or compartment, and early September to mid or late October gathers listing; Two batches of vegetables in improper season are cultivated again after utilizing flue-cured tobacco booth cigarette seedling to go out canopy, suitable vegetable species and improved seeds are selected, 1 year three batches of Efficient Cultivation is realized in tobacco booth, improve the availability in flue-cured tobacco greenhouse facility and soil, increase the cropping index of booth and comprehensive output, make tobacco grower have a net increase of the income of two batches of melons, leguminous vegetables, long-term idle problem after solution tobacco booth cigarette seedling goes out canopy, economic benefit, social benefit are all very remarkable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of agricultural cultivation, particularly carry out in flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating, summer cucumber, the autumn prolongs late cowpea 1 year three batches of efficient cultivation method.
Background technology
Flue-cured Tobacco in China Production Regional is very fast with southwest development such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan.At present, the tobacco leaf scale whole nation, Guizhou Province the second, tobacco leaf volume of production and marketing accounts for about 15% of the whole nation, becomes the large province of China's leaf tobacco production.The built good flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth used of existing the whole province about has 300 Wan ㎡, and for meeting the whole province's tobacco bases for seedling, five-year-plan seedling raising greenhouse will reach 600 Wan ㎡.But booth is only had an appointment every year and for tobacco seedling, is reached and about within 8 months, be substantially in idle state 4 months (mid-January-May early and middle ten days).Increase rapidly with seedling raising greenhouse, not only waste land resources and facilities and equipment, the fund that also needs to have high input carries out the daily of booth and manages and protects and keep in repair.If flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth is idle, unattended for a long time, steelframe and the damage of canopy film can be accelerated, and booth use cost also can increase.Best managing and protecting is exactly utilize, how to solve the problems such as flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth purposes is single, lay-up period is long, maintenance cost is high, changing " spare time " is " money ", brings larger comprehensive benefit to tobacco grower, stablize tobacco grower troop, become the problem that agricultural science and technology worker urgently explores.
It is reported and have fragmentary area to attempt utilizing flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating greenhouse gardening vegetables, watermelon, traditional Chinese medicine, edible mushroom etc. inside and outside the province, but the report of succeeding is few.Vegetables are that growth cycle is short, high efficiency, and machining kinds is many, and market capacity is large, the agricultural product of good development prospect, and development Vegetable produce is the important channel that peasant programme is striven for a relatively comfortable life.But the pollution-free vegetable high-yield culture technique utilizing the area of flue-cured tobacco greenhouse gardening vegetables for want of advanced and high-efficient planting patterns, fork arranges not science, do not note crop rotation, planting after several years damage by disease and insect in booth, that comparatively open country occurs is also serious, adds market purchase and sale access to information in short, selects the vegetable species produced and kind is unreasonable, front and back stubble is arranged in pairs or groups not science, kind specific aim is not strong, market linkage is bad, not yet obtains obvious economic benefit, fails sustainable development.
The Dafang County of High Altitude Areas of Guizhou Province is the whole province's flue-cured tobacco Counties, there is tobacco seedling culture canopy 1111, the gross area 348720 ㎡, 523 mu, be distributed in the villages (towns) of 34 Different Altitude in the whole county, in recent years, heuristically plant after cigarette seedling goes out canopy one season tomato or cucumber, capsicum, it is technology the most close with patent of the present invention in prior art, but the epidemic disease of tomato and capsicum is heavier, and tomato, capsicum and flue-cured tobacco belong to Solanaceae, infectivity virus disease, yield poorly, continuous cropping diseases increases the weight of, also certain influence is had to cured tobacco seedling, and the autumn prolongs late culture technique and does not pass a test, such as at the early frost of Dafang County height above sea level 1500-1600m area experience late October in 2010, vegetables are annihilated.
The ground such as Kaili County, Guizhou city, Huangping County, Shibing County, Cengong County, utilize flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth, after cigarette seedling goes out canopy, in booth, plant one batch of cowpea (cucumber, watermelon, celery, Chinese cabbage, lettuce etc.) again in late May to early June, by the end of September to gathering by the end of October.Bijie City seven-star close district plants one batch of tomato, celery, wild cabbage etc. after cigarette seedling goes out canopy, and be all only cultivation one batch of vegetables, economic benefit is not high.
Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province Baojing County after cigarette seedling goes out canopy, one batch of Fruit Cucumber of planting mid-June.Tobacco In Guangxi company and south China agricultural university etc. utilize flue-cured tobacco booth lay-up period to plant thick-skinned melon.Be all only cultivation one batch, availability is not high yet.
Generally, utilize with regard to present situation with regard to flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth, most of booth one is only and is educated one batch of cured tobacco seedling, and fraction booth only cultivates one batch of vegetables or western muskmelon after cured tobacco seedling goes out canopy, and what per mu yield value was the highest reaches 12496 yuan.For improving the comprehensive utilization ratio of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth between lay-up period, improve comprehensive output and the benefit of booth as early as possible, need the geographical position according to flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating base, weather and the condition such as soil characteristics and neighboring markets situation, try to explore the economic crops kind that cigarette seedling in seedling raising greenhouse goes out suitable planting after canopy, and 1 year 3 season Efficient Cultivation pattern and non-polluted planting technology.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of utilize flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth carry out flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating, summer cucumber, the autumn prolongs late cowpea 1 year efficient cultivation method of three batches, follow-up kind of canopy cucumber in summer and Qiu Yan cowpea in evening is gone out at cigarette seedling, summer cucumber was gone on the market in the 7-8 month, autumn prolongs late cowpea in the listing in dull season of early September to mid or late October cowpea, thus obtains higher economic benefit and social benefit.
the present invention is achieved in that
(1) the crops for rotation phase arranges
First batch of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating: first middle of the month, mid-April to mid-May, cured tobacco seedling went out canopy to seeding and seedling raising mid-February;
Second batch summer cucumber: height above sea level 1000m ~ 1600m, first monthly average temperature 5.5 ~ 2.6 DEG C of areas, late April seeding and seedling raising, field planting mid-May, late June went on the market to mid-August;
3rd batch of autumn prolongs late cowpea: sowing mid-July (live), early September went on the market to late October.
(2) suitable improved seeds are selected
The cucumber in summer of second batch of cultivation, should select the cucumber variety that resistance, wide adaptability, commodity are good, output is high, as: middle peasant No. 10, middle peasant No. 8, Tianjin spring No. 5, assorted No. 2 of Tianjin etc.; 3rd batch of autumn prolongs late cowpea, should select the kind of Resistant, high yield, high-quality, heat-resisting, moisture-proof, as: cowpea special early 30, No. 4, high yield, Teanxi's jade belt, side reach No. 2, selected cowpea 28-2 etc.
(3) cultivation method
flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating:
1. seeding and seedling raising: sow to mid-February the middle of the month in unit, floating seedlings, routinely technical management;
2. cigarette seedling goes out canopy: cured tobacco seedling 4-6 sheet true leaf can go out canopy and be colonizated in field, field planting before Guizhou major part cigarette district the first tenday period of a month in May, and mid-May, whole field planting completed the latest;
summer cucumber:
1. seeding and seedling raising: height above sea level 1000m ~ 1600m area, on April about 28, seeding and seedling raising, depending on growth of seedling situation trickle, topdressed 1-2 time, 30 days seedling stages; The seed water seed soaking 10-15 minute of 55 DEG C, is constantly stirred to when water temperature drops to 30-35 DEG C and soaks 3-4 hour again, repeatedly washed by rubbing with the hands by seed, dry after washing down mucus with clear water; The local vernalization 1-2 days being placed on 25-30 DEG C is wrapped with wet cloth.The nursery of available seedbed, also nutrient availability alms bowl or nutritive cube nursery;
2. field planting: when seedling has 3-4 sheet true leaf, get final product field planting.Every mu applies the fertilizer 2500-3500kg, composite fertilizer 50 kg, the superphosphate 50-100 kg that become thoroughly decomposed.Summer rainwater is more, should adopt the narrow railway carriage or compartment cultivation of high furrow, the wide 80-83 cm in general railway carriage or compartment, high 15 cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 33-36 cm.General planting density is line-spacing 46-50 cm, spacing in the rows 30-33 cm, every mu of 3000-3300 nest, and 1-2 strain planted by every nest.Normal root water is drenched immediately after field planting;
3. field management: field planting imposes the clear liquid dung or natural pond liquid that once become thoroughly decomposed after delaying seedling; Root melon is sat rear mu and is imposed a urea 4-5kg or composite fertilizer 10-15kg; Adopt the melon phase of containing to topdress 3-4 time, each mu imposes urea 4-5kg and adds composite fertilizer 8-10kg, prohibits the use nitrate fertilizer, utilizes booth steelframe and plastic ties or nylon rope to carry out hanging climing and training and ties up climing, tie up one every 3-4 joint when plant starts to take out climing.With the kind of master, lateral bine knot melon, to select and remain during training 2-3 bar lateral bine, retain 2 leaf pinching after all the other lateral bines knot 1-2 melon, pinch after shelfful, prevent and treat the damage by disease and insect such as downy mildew, scab, anthracnose, gray mold, powdery mildew, aphid, yellow tea mite, Americal rice leaf miner in time;
autumn prolongs late cowpea:
1. sow: cucumber also do not gather complete before, selected cowpea seed to be soaked seed 15 minutes afterwash with the potassium permanganate of 50 DEG C 0.1%, again clear water soak 4-5 hour live, at cucumber root pin, 2 cun of places carry out program request, every bunch planting kind 3-4 grain, sowing depth 2-3cm, broadcast rear blinding, broadcast 3000-3500 cave for every mu, when seedling grows to 2-3 sheet true leaf, seedling 2-3 strain is stayed in every cave;
2. field management: the principle that rich water quality management is taked " front control is urged afterwards ", namely before blooming and bearing pods, controls rich water; Bloom pod bearing period, impose 1 fertilizer, the beanpod phase of containing topdresses 2 times, applies the night soil that becomes thoroughly decomposed (or natural pond liquid) at every turn and adds composite fertilizer 10-15 kg, the damage by disease and insect such as the wild snout moth's larva of attention control rust, powdery mildew, leaf mold, virus disease, beans, lima bean pod borer and aphid;
3. prune with tie up climing: before utilizing when starting to take out climing, the lifting rope of stubble carries out tying up climing, fine day noon or afternoon by left hand direction by beans climing drawing hold up rope, draw whole vegetative period and hold up 2-3 time, generally all destroyed by the lateral bud below main climing first inflorescence during training, the immature leaf bud on each mixing joint position is extractd by the restraining the growth of seedlings phase in time, main climing when growing to 2.5-3.5m, pinching can promote that lateral bine is sprouted, increase the number that bears pods, after the lateral bine that middle and upper part grows bears pods, also should pinching early, promote the growth of fruit pod;
Owing to have employed technique scheme, compared with prior art, the present invention has as follows
advantage:
(1) cultivation method of the present invention can not affect the yield and quality of tobacco seedling, because cucumber belongs to Curcurbitaceae, Vigna pulse family, can not form continuous cropping obstacle with the flue-cured tobacco belonging to Solanaceae; And tobacco seedling is floating seedlings, and cucumber and cowpea cultivation are the subsoil utilized in booth, and cultivation matrix is completely different, can not pass through soil-borne damage by disease and insect; In addition this technology carries out the damage by disease and insect that the pollution-free vegetable extermination of disease and insect pest is conducive to controlling and alleviating whole booth;
(2) after the cured tobacco seedling of booth goes out canopy, increase plantation 2 batches cucumber in summer and Qiu Yan cowpea in evening, can significantly improve greenhouse facility resource utilization, increase the cropping index of unit are and comprehensive output, peasant can the vegetables income of net increase 2 batches of high added values; And utilize the steelframe of flue-cured tobacco booth to carry out cucumber and cowpea hang climing cultivation, greenhouse facility and advantage are utilized effectively, and hanging that 2 batches of vegetables share that same plastic ties or nylon rope do is climing, cost-saving, and lower than the frame material cost of open country, provide benefit further;
(3) this technology utilizes tobacco booth lay-up period plantation cucumber in summer and Qiu Yan cowpea in evening, crops for rotation phases due to reasonable arrangement, select improved seeds, autumn prolongs late cowpea in vegetables listing in dull season, changes the listing phase of tradition plantation, can supplement the vegetable species in market in dull season, and the idle problem of tobacco booth can be solved, played the advantage of greenhouse facility cultivation, changing " spare time " is " money ", makes economic benefit, social benefit all very remarkable;
(4) cropping pattern of the present invention second batch summer cucumber, the kinds such as the middle peasant No. 10 that resistance, wide adaptability, commodity are good owing to having selected, output is high, Tianjin spring No. 5, make it extremely to gather by the end of August by the end of June listing, per mu yield 5000kg, per mu yield value reaches 10000 yuan.
(5) the 3rd batches of autumns prolong late cowpea due to select heat-resisting, Resistant, high yield cowpea special early 30, No. 4, high yield, Teanxi's jade belt, side reach No. 2, the kind such as selected cowpea 28-2, can go on the market in dull season in autumn early September to mid or late October, per mu yield 1300 ㎏, per mu yield is worth 5200 yuan.
Like this, the technology of the present invention except after one batch of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating, then plants cucumber and the cowpea of two batches of anti-season in flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth, and two batches of vegetables per mu yield values add up to 15200 yuan, always drops into 4850 yuan, net income 10350 yuan.Compared with planting merely one batch of cucumber or tomato with existing Dafang County flue-cured tobacco booth, per mu yield value can increase by 5200 yuan and 3000 yuan, and mu net income increases by 3000 yuan and 2150 yuan; Compared with planting merely one batch of cowpea with Qiandongnan Prefecture of Guizhou Province flue-cured tobacco booth, per mu yield value can increase by 10000 yuan, and mu net income increases by 7650 yuan, remarkable in economical benefits.
(6) in former technology, domestic never in flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth, continuous cultivation two batches cucumber in summer and Qiu Yan cowpea in evening again after cigarette seedling goes out canopy, three batches of crops are assembled in same year cultivation in flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth, form 1 year high-efficient planting patterns of three batches.
The present invention, in order to improve the availability of seedling raising greenhouse, after cured tobacco seedling goes out canopy, plants 2 batches of vegetables in improper season again, not only can increase farmers' income, also can reduce greenhouse facility maintenance expense in booth.Field planting mid-May the latest, seedling raising greenhouse is from late May to being just in lay-up period by the end of November to field planting in the first tenday period of a month in May general mid-April for Guizhou Flue-cured Tobacco.Therefore, utilize lay-up period, select suitable kind veriety, the crops for rotation arrangement of employing science, take in tobacco seedling culture canopy flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating, summer cucumber, the autumn prolongs late cowpea 1 year three batches of high-efficient planting patterns, improve tobacco grower's income, reduce booth and manage and protect expense, extend its service life significant.
the present invention compares with immediate prior art:
Plant the one batch of tomato (cucumber, capsicum) planted in a batch of watermelon (cucumber, cowpea etc.), Dafang County, Guizhou Province etc. after going out canopy with the ground cured tobacco seedling such as Qiandongnan Prefecture of Guizhou Province Kerry, Guizhou Province, Cengong, one batch of Fruit Cucumber that Xiangxi is planted, company of white city of Tobacco In Guangxi company has compared following difference with one batch of muskmelon etc. that Hezhou City company plants:
(1) the crops for rotation phase arranges different, and stubble number is different, and benefit is different.
Existing immediate technology only plants 1 batch of vegetables or muskmelon after cigarette seedling goes out canopy.Such as, the emphasis cigarette district flue-cured tobacco transplanting such as Kaili City, Huangping County, Shibing County of Qiandongnan Prefecture of Guizhou Province terminates general 10 ~ 15 May, and watermelon was transplanted May 25, end of gathering at the bottom of the 1O month; Celery, lettuce all in June 5 transplant, gather in the crops by the end of October; Chinese cabbage, cowpea were sowed May 25, results, by the end of September harvest home at the beginning of 8 months; Cucumber, in starting sowing 2O day in May, plants garlic bolt after results by the end of September.In six kinds of crops, the output value of watermelon is the highest, and per mu yield is worth 8792 yuan, mu net income 7378 yuan.
And this method plants two batches of vegetables again after cured tobacco seedling goes out canopy: first batch summer cucumber, on April about 28 seeding and seedling raising, field planting in about 18 days May, June 26 to August 15 go on the market, per mu yield is worth 10000 yuan, mu net income 7400 yuan; Second batch of autumn prolongs late cowpea, and July 15 was sowed, and September 5 to October 20 goes on the market, and per mu yield is worth 5200 yuan, mu net income 3000 yuan, and two trouble vegetables year per mu yield values add up to 15200 yuan, mu net income 10350 yuan.
(2) planting vegetable kind is different, and benefit is different.
In tobacco booth, carry out flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating-cucumber-autumn in summer prolong the three batches of crop geneticss in a year of late cowpea, year per mu yield value can reach 26200 yuan, always drops into 12850 yuan, net income 13350 yuan.Compared with the cucumber planted after going out canopy with existing Guizhou Province Dafang County cured tobacco seedling or tomato, per mu yield value can increase by 5200 yuan and 3200 yuan respectively, and mu net income increases by 3000 yuan and 2150 yuan respectively; With the watermelon of high benefit most in the six kinds of crops planted in the flue-cured tobacco booth of the Guizhou Province southeast, per mu yield is worth 8792 yuan, and mu net income 7378 yuan is compared, and per mu yield value increases by 6410 yuan, and mu net income increases by 2970 yuan; The muskmelon per mu yield of planting after going out canopy with Baise of Guangxi, He Prefecture cured tobacco seedling is worth 12500 yuan, mu net income 9570 yuan and compares, and per mu yield value increases by 2700 yuan, and mu net income increases by 780 yuan (see table 1).
Note: drop into and comprise fertilizer, seed, mulch film, agricultural chemicals, artificial etc.What this tabular went out to make comparisons is the crop that in the kind of various places experimental cultivation, better results.
1, cucumber: per mu yield 5000 kilograms, by 2 yuan of/kilogram of calculating, per mu yield is worth 10,000 yuan, mu drops into 2560 yuan: seed 200, fertilizer 400, agricultural chemicals 150, mulch film 100, hang climing plastic ties 200, artificial 1600 yuan (nursery grafting 4 works, open railway carriage or compartment, management 6 works, 10 works of gathering add up to 20 works, manually press 80 yuan/work).
2, cowpea: per mu yield 1300 kilograms, by 4 yuan of/kilogram of calculating, per mu yield is worth 5200 yuan.Mu drop into 2200 yuan: seed 200, fertilizer 400, agricultural chemicals 150, mulch film and hang climing plastic ties with cucumber, artificial 1440 yuan (sowing, management 2 works, open railway carriage or compartment, management 6 works, 10 works of gathering add up to 18 works); Nonoculture drops into and separately adds mulch film and plastic ties 300 yuan namely 2500 yuan.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention:
Guizhou Horticultural Research Institute is in 2011 to 2012 at height above sea level 800-1800 rice such as Dafang County, Guizhou Province, Nayong County, Longli County, Suiyang County, Qianxi County, and 8 villages (towns)s of first monthly average temperature 2.0 DEG C ~ 7.8 DEG C have been carried out flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating booth flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating-cucumber-autumn in summer and prolonged late cowpea three kinds of Different Crop multiple cropping crops for rotation and be connected test; Different Sowing Dates, setting date are tested; Introduce more than 20 kind altogether and carry out variety comparative test; Research has summed up flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating-cucumber-autumn in summer and has prolonged late cowpea 1 year three batches of high-efficient planting patterns.Within 2012 to 2013, reach more than 1200 mus in the demonstration of above-mentioned county, popularization, nearly 1,824 ten thousand yuan of the gross output value, net income 1,242 ten thousand yuan, obtains good economic and social benefit.
method is as follows:
(1) the crops for rotation phase arranges
First batch of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating: first middle of the month, mid-April to mid-May, cured tobacco seedling went out canopy to seeding and seedling raising mid-February;
Second batch summer cucumber: height above sea level 1000m ~ 1600m, first monthly average temperature 5.5 ~ 2.6 DEG C of areas, late April seeding and seedling raising, field planting mid-May, late June went on the market to mid-August;
3rd batch of autumn prolongs late cowpea: sowing mid-July (live), early September went on the market to late October.
(2) suitable improved seeds are selected
The cucumber in summer of second batch of cultivation, should select the cucumber variety that resistance, wide adaptability, commodity are good, output is high, as: middle peasant No. 10, middle peasant No. 8, Tianjin spring No. 5, assorted No. 2 of Tianjin etc.; 3rd batch of autumn prolongs late cowpea, should select the kind of Resistant, high yield, high-quality, heat-resisting, moisture-proof, as: cowpea special early 30, No. 4, high yield, Teanxi's jade belt, side reach No. 2, selected cowpea 28-2 etc.
(3) cultivation method
flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating:
1. seeding and seedling raising: sow to mid-February the middle of the month in unit, floating seedlings, routinely technical management;
2. cigarette seedling goes out canopy: cured tobacco seedling 4-6 sheet true leaf can go out canopy and be colonizated in field.Field planting before Guizhou major part cigarette district the first tenday period of a month in May, mid-May, whole field planting completed the latest.
summer cucumber:
1. seeding and seedling raising: height above sea level 1300m ~ 1600m, first monthly average temperature 5.5 ~ 2.6 DEG C of areas, on April about 28, seeding and seedling raising, depending on growth of seedling situation trickle, topdressed 1-2 time, 20 days seedling stages; The seed water seed soaking 10-15 minute of 55 DEG C, is constantly stirred to when water temperature drops to 30-35 DEG C and soaks 3-4 hour again, repeatedly washed by rubbing with the hands by seed, dry after washing down mucus with clear water; The local vernalization 1-2 days being placed on 25-30 DEG C is wrapped with wet cloth.The nursery of available seedbed, also nutrient availability alms bowl or nutritive cube nursery.
2. field planting: when seedling has 3-4 sheet true leaf, get final product field planting.Every mu applies the fertilizer 2500-3500kg, composite fertilizer 50 kg, the superphosphate 50-100 kg that become thoroughly decomposed.Summer rainwater is more, should adopt the narrow railway carriage or compartment cultivation of high furrow, the wide 80-83 cm in general railway carriage or compartment, high 15 cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 33-36 cm.General planting density is line-spacing 46-50 cm, spacing in the rows 30-33 cm, every mu of 3000-3300 nest, and 1-2 strain planted by every nest.Normal root water is drenched immediately after field planting.
3. field management: field planting imposes the clear liquid dung or natural pond liquid that once become thoroughly decomposed after delaying seedling; Root melon is sat rear mu and is imposed a urea 4-5kg or composite fertilizer 10-15kg; Adopt the melon phase of containing to topdress 3-4 time, each mu imposes urea 4-5kg and adds composite fertilizer 8-10kg.Prohibit the use nitrate fertilizer.Plant utilizes booth steelframe and plastic ties or nylon rope to carry out hanging climing and training and ties up climing, tie up together every 3-4 joint when starting to take out climing.With the kind of master, lateral bine knot melon, 2-3 bar lateral bine of selecting and remain during training, retains 2 leaf pinching after all the other lateral bines knot 1-2 melon, pinches after shelfful.Prevent and treat the damage by disease and insect such as downy mildew, scab, anthracnose, gray mold, powdery mildew, aphid, yellow tea mite, Americal rice leaf miner in time;
autumn prolongs late cowpea:
1. sow: cucumber also do not gather complete before, selected cowpea seed to be soaked seed 15 minutes afterwash with the potassium permanganate of 50 DEG C 0.1%, then clear water immersion 4-5 hour is live.At cucumber root pin, 2 cun of places carry out program request, and every bunch planting kind 3-4 grain, sowing depth 2-3cm, broadcasts rear blinding.Broadcast 3000-3500 cave for every mu.When seedling grows to 2-3 sheet true leaf, seedling 2-3 strain is stayed in every cave.
2. field management: the principle that rich water quality management is taked " front control is urged afterwards ", namely before blooming and bearing pods, controls rich water; Bloom pod bearing period, impose 1 fertilizer, the beanpod phase of containing topdresses 2 times, applies the night soil that becomes thoroughly decomposed (or natural pond liquid) at every turn and adds composite fertilizer 10-15 kg.The damage by disease and insect such as the wild snout moth's larva of attention control rust, powdery mildew, leaf mold, virus disease, beans, lima bean pod borer and aphid.
3. prune with tie up climing: before utilizing when starting to take out climing, the lifting rope of stubble carries out tying up climing, fine day noon or afternoon by left hand direction by beans climing drawing hold up rope, draw whole vegetative period and hold up 2-3 time.Generally all destroyed by the lateral bud below main climing first inflorescence during training, the immature leaf bud on each mixing joint position is extractd by the restraining the growth of seedlings phase in time.Main climing when growing to 2.5-3.5m, pinching can promote that lateral bine is sprouted, increase the number that bears pods.After the lateral bine that middle and upper part grows bears pods, also should pinching early, promote the growth of fruit pod.
Claims (1)
1. flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating, the summer cucumber, the autumn prolongs late cowpea 1 year three batches of efficient cultivation method, it is characterized in that:
(1) the crops for rotation phase arranges
First batch of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating: first middle of the month, mid-April to mid-May, cured tobacco seedling went out canopy to seeding and seedling raising mid-February;
Second batch summer cucumber: height above sea level 1000m ~ 1600m, first monthly mean temperature 5.5 ~ 2.6 DEG C of areas, late April seeding and seedling raising, field planting mid-May, late June went on the market to mid-August;
3rd batch of autumn prolongs late cowpea: mid-July is sowed, and early September went on the market to late October;
(2) suitable improved seeds are selected
The cucumber in summer of second batch of cultivation, selects the cucumber variety that heat resistance is strong, wide adaptability, commodity are good, output is high, middle peasant No. 10 or middle peasant No. 8 or Tianjin spring No. 5 or assorted No. 2 of Tianjin; 3rd batch of autumn prolongs late cowpea, selects heat-resisting, high yield, high-quality kind, cowpea special early 30 or No. 4, high yield or Teanxi's jade belt or side reach the cowpea 28-2 of No. 2 or selected;
(3) cultivation method
flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating:
1. seeding and seedling raising: sow to mid-February the middle of the month in unit, floating seedlings, routinely technical management;
2. cigarette seedling goes out canopy: cured tobacco seedling 4-6 sheet true leaf can go out canopy and be colonizated in field, field planting before Guizhou major part cigarette district the first tenday period of a month in May, and mid-May, whole field planting completed the latest;
summer cucumber:
1. seeding and seedling raising: height above sea level 1000m ~ 1600m area, late April seeding and seedling raising, depending on growth of seedling situation trickle, topdress 1-2 time, 20 days seedling stages; The seed water seed soaking 10-15 minute of 55 DEG C, is constantly stirred to when water temperature drops to 30-35 DEG C and soaks 3-4 hour again, repeatedly washed by rubbing with the hands by seed, dry after washing down mucus with clear water; The local vernalization 1-2 days being placed on 25-30 DEG C is wrapped, the nursery of available seedbed, also nutrient availability alms bowl or nutritive cube nursery with wet cloth;
2. field planting: when seedling has 3-4 sheet true leaf, get final product field planting, every mu applies the fertilizer 2500-3500kg, composite fertilizer 50 kg, the superphosphate 50-100 kg that become thoroughly decomposed; The wide 80-83 cm in railway carriage or compartment, high 15 cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 33-36 cm, planting density is line-spacing 46-50 cm, spacing in the rows 30-33 cm, every mu of 3000-3300 nest, and 1-2 strain planted by every nest, drenches normal root water immediately after field planting;
3. field management: field planting imposes the clear liquid dung or natural pond liquid that once become thoroughly decomposed after delaying seedling; Root melon is sat rear mu and is imposed a urea 4-5kg or composite fertilizer 10-15kg; Adopt the melon phase of containing to topdress 3-4 time, each mu imposes urea 4-5kg and adds composite fertilizer 8-10kg; Plant utilizes booth steelframe and plastic ties or nylon rope to carry out hanging climing and training and ties up climing, tie up together every 3-4 joint when starting to take out climing; With the kind of master, lateral bine knot melon, to select and remain during training 2-3 bar lateral bine, retain 2 leaf pinching after all the other lateral bines knot 1-2 melon, pinch after shelfful, prevent and treat downy mildew, scab, anthracnose, gray mold, powdery mildew, aphid, yellow tea mite, Americal rice leaf miner damage by disease and insect in time;
autumn prolongs late cowpea:
1. sow: cucumber also do not gather complete before, selected cowpea seed to be soaked seed 15 minutes afterwash with the potassium permanganate of 50 DEG C 0.1%, then clear water immersion 4-5 hour is live; At cucumber root pin, 2 cun of places carry out program request, every bunch planting kind 3-4 grain, and sowing depth 2-3cm, broadcasts rear blinding, broadcasts 3000-3500 cave for every mu, and when seedling grows to 2-3 sheet true leaf, seedling 2-3 strain is stayed in every cave;
2. field management: the principle that rich water quality management is taked " front control is urged afterwards ", namely before blooming and bearing pods, controls rich water; Bloom pod bearing period, impose 1 fertilizer, the beanpod phase of containing topdresses 2 times, applies the night soil that becomes thoroughly decomposed at every turn and adds composite fertilizer or Zhao Yejia composite fertilizer 10-15 kg, the wild snout moth's larva of attention control rust, powdery mildew, leaf mold, virus disease, beans, lima bean pod borer, aphid disease insect pest;
3. prune with tie up climing: before utilizing when starting to take out climing, the lifting rope of stubble carries out tying up climing, fine day noon or afternoon by left hand direction by beans climing drawing hold up rope, draw whole vegetative period and hold up 2-3 time, generally all destroyed by the lateral bud below main climing first inflorescence during training, the immature leaf bud on each mixing joint position is extractd by the restraining the growth of seedlings phase in time, main climing when growing to 2.5-3.5m, pinching can promote that lateral bine is sprouted, increase the number that bears pods, after the lateral bine that middle and upper part grows bears pods, also should pinching early, promote the growth of fruit pod.
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