CN101772745A - 具有加速度传感器的过程变量变送器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用在工业过程控制或监测***中的过程变量变送器(12),包括变送器外壳以及具有与过程变量相关的传感器输出的过程变量传感器(72)。加速度计(80)耦合至变送器并提供与加速度相关的加速度计输出。诊断电路(82)提供作为传感器输出和加速度计输出的函数的诊断输出。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及过程变量变送器,更具体地,本发明涉及用于控制或监测工业过程的那种变送器。
背景技术
工业过程用在工业制造中。有各种类型的现场设备用于监测过程。例如,可以感测如压力、流量、温度等过程变量。除了使用该信息来监测过程外,还可以使用过程变量来控制该过程。
过程变量是使用一般已知为过程变量变送器的现场设备来感测的。在许多实例中,期望对工业过程的操作进行诊断并对该过程及关联设备的条件进行识别。例如,可以使用诊断来识别工业过程中的故障,例如以使得可以替换故障组件。诊断的其他用途包括:在即将发生的故障发生之前识别该故障。这允许在期望的时间不必停止该过程就能替换或修复该组件。
对振动进行感测是一种用于诊断过程控制设备的方法。例如,可以在控制设备上直接放置振动传感器(如加速度计),并可以使用该振动传感器来感测由设备产生的振动噪声信号。例如,可以监测由泵用电动机产生的噪声。隔离振并通过识别超出振幅阈值或具有异常频率的那些振动来估计振动。这可以指示实际的或即将发生的故障。具体示例包括泵或电动机外壳上放置的传感器、排除阀或者与控制设备相关联的凸缘。另一已知诊断方法是手动检查,其中操作者侦听来自控制设备的异常声音。在工业过程控制或监测***中目前正需要改进的诊断技术,用于检测已发生故障的组件以及已退化或处于故障过程中的组件。各种技术是在以下专利中示出的:2003年7月29日提交的、标题为“Process Device Diagnostics Using Process Variable SensorSignal”的美国专利No.6,601,005;2005年4月7日公布的、标题为“Process Device with Vibration Based Diagnostics”的美国公开No.2005/0072239;以及2006年3月7日发布的、标题为“Process DeviceDiagnostics Using Process Variable Sensor Signal”的美国专利No.7,010,459。
发明内容
一种用在工业过程控制或监测***中的过程变量变送器,包括变送器外壳以及具有与过程变量相关的传感器输出的过程变量传感器。加速度计与变送器(例如,变送器外壳、过程变量传感器或其他组件)相关联并提供与加速度相关的加速度计输出。诊断电路将诊断输出作为传感器输出和加速度计输出的函数而提供。
附图说明
图1是包括耦合至过程管线的过程变送器的工业过程的示意图。
图2是图1的过程变送器中的电路和组件的框图。
图3是用于实现本发明的过程设备的简化框图。
图4是示出了根据本发明一种配置的简化步骤的框图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种诊断技术,用于检测故障,或者在故障发生或性能下降之前预测即将发生的故障或者过程设备或过程组件的性能下降。利用本发明,监测过程和/或过程设备中的振动。检测振动,并使用该振动来预测故障、即将发生的故障、或者过程设备或过程组件的性能下降,作为感测到的振动信号的函数,并进一步作为感测到的过程变量的函数。
图1示出了过程控制***10的图,过程控制***10包括连接至过程管道16的变送器12。变送器12耦合至两线过程控制回路18,两线过程控制回路18根据Fieldbus、Profibus或标准来进行操作。然而,本发明不限于这些标准或两线配置。两线过程控制回路18运行在变送器12与控制室20之间,并且便携式配置单元226在以下实施例中示出:其中,回路18根据协议来进行操作,回路18可以承载表示感测到的过程变量的电流I。此外,协议允许在经过回路18的电流上叠加数字信号,使得可以向变送器12发送数字信息或从变送器12接收数字信息。当根据Fieldbus标准来进行操作时,回路18承载数字信号并可以耦合至多个现场设备(例如,其他变送器)。在一种配置中,回路18包括无线回路,并且发送器12在不需要附加布线的情况下进行通信。
典型地,过程变量是在过程中正被控制的主变量。如此处所使用,过程变量表示对过程的条件(例如压力、流量、温度、产品级、pH、浊度、振动、位置、电动机电流、过程的任何其他特性等等)进行描述的任何变量。控制信号表示用于对过程进行控制的任何信号(除过程变量以外)。例如,控制信号表示期望的过程变量值(即,设定点),例如期望的温度、压力、流量、产品级、pH或浊度等,期望的过程变量值是由控制器调整的或者用于控制过程。此外,控制信号表示校准值、警报、警报条件、被提供给控制元件的信号(如被提供给阀致动器的阀位置信号)、被提供给发热元件的能级、螺线管接通/关断信号等或者与过程的控制相关的任何其他信号。此处使用的诊断信号包括与过程控制回路中的设备和元件的操作相关的信息,但不包括过程变量或控制信号。例如,诊断信号包括阀杆位置、所施加的力矩或力、致动器压力、用于对阀进行致动的压缩气体的压力、电压、电流、功率、电阻、电容、电感、设备温度、收缩、摩擦力、全部接通和关断位置、冲程、频率、振幅、谱和谱分量、刚性、电或磁场强度、持续时间、强度、运动、电动机反电动势、电动机电流、回路相关参数(例如控制回路电阻、电压或电流)或者可在***中检测或测量到的任何其他参数。此外,过程信号表示与过程或过程中的元件相关的任何信号,例如,过程变量、控制信号或诊断信号。过程设备包括形成过程控制回路一部分或耦合至该过程控制回路且用在过程的控制或监测中的任何设备。
应当理解,在一种配置中示出了回路18,并且可以使用任何适当的过程控制回路,例如4-20mA回路、2线、3线或4线回路、多点回路以及根据、Fieldbus或者包括无线通信协议在内的其他数字或模拟通信协议进行操作的回路。在操作中,变送器12使用传感器21来对过程变量(例如流量)进行感测,并通过回路18来变送感测到的过程变量。
根据本发明的一个实施例,过程设备(如变送器12)包括被配置为感测振动的振动传感器。振动传感器可以是任何类型的振动传感器(如加速度计),但本发明不限于这种传感器。变送器12中或远程位置处的诊断电路监测感测到的振动和感测到的过程变量,并能够诊断故障或即将发生的故障。变送器12可以通过两线过程控制回路18来提供输出至例如控制室20或通信装置26,该输出提供过程组件的故障或即将发生的故障的指示。使用该信息,操作者可以修复或替换故障组件,或者在组件最终发生故障之前修复或替换该组件。这允许在预定时间或在期望时任意地对过程10进行维护。这在组件的修复或替换需要停止过程10的情况下是特别有利的。此外,一些组件可能发生灾难性的故障,或者发生导致其他组件损坏或导致向环境释放不安全产品的故障。通过提供对组件可能在将来发生故障的指示,或预测最终故障的时间,可以在最终故障之前修复或替换该组件。
图2是示出了耦合至过程管线16的过程变送器12的图。振动70被示出为通过工业过程而传播。例如,振动70可以通过过程管线16、管线16内的过程流体或其他物理耦合而传送至变送器12。
变送器12包括过程变量传感器72。过程变量传感器72可以被配置为感测任何类型的过程变量,如流量、压力、温度等等。过程变量传感器72耦合至测量电路74,测量电路74向I/O电路76提供过程变量信号。I/O电路76被配置为通过两线过程控制回路18来变送与感测到的过程变量相关的信息。在一些实施例中,I/O电路76还可以通过过程控制回路18来接收功率,以用于向变送器12的电路和组件完全供电。测量电路74还耦合至诊断电路82并向腔82提供与感测到的过程变量相关的信号。
变送器12中的振动传感器80被配置为感测振动70并向诊断电路82提供振动传感器信号。诊断电路82监测由振动传感器80感测到的振动70以及由测量电路74提供的、从传感器72感测到的过程变量,并经由I/O电路76来提供输出,该输出提供过程组件的故障或即将到来的故障的指示。备选地,I/O电路可以提供指示变送器正常工作的状态输出。
在一些实施例中,本发明的振动诊断可以用于在仍有时间替换或修复设备时通过预测测量仪器或控制仪器的即将到来的损耗来避免或减少工厂停工期。还可以将振动信息提供给与过程控制回路18进行通信的其他设备。数据压缩算法可以用于这种变送。可以在两线过程控制回路18上提供诊断指示。例如,可以通过回路18来传输HART状态、现场总线数据或其他警报。这种警报可以被提供给控制室20。
振动传感器80可以是任何类型的振动传感器。许多振动传感器沿着单一轴来进行操作,并仅能够感测沿着该轴的振动。然而,在一个实施例中,采用附加传感器或多轴传感器来感测沿着多于一个轴的振动或描述过程设备中的各个位置处的振动。诊断电路82可以使用附加的感测到的振动来提供另外的诊断。此外,振动传感器80可以置于过程变送器12中的多于一个的位置。这些附加传感器还可以用于与感测到的过程变量一起或与感测到的过程变量相结合地提供基于附加振动的过程诊断。可以通过单独地或与感测到的过程变量一起对来自位于过程***中的多于一个的过程设备的振动测量进行比较或分析,来扩展诊断的范围。附加测量可以用于提供与过程或工厂的总体健康状况相关的信息。在过程设备与过程的连接附近进行的振动测量可以用于检测特定的过程中断,例如突然的阀关闭所引起的气体撞击、气穴现象、侵蚀性的化学反应或其他过程扰动、以及泵、旋转设备的实际或即将发生的故障、或类似类型的故障。
尽管图2中将I/O电路76、测量电路74和诊断电路82示出为单独的组件,但可以以共享电路和/或软件来实现这些电路块。例如,可以在数字处理器中实现这些功能中的许多。除了与过程变量相结合地将感测到的振动或累积的感测到的振动与固定阈值进行比较以外,诊断电路82还可以采用其他诊断技术。例如,可以基于振动和感测到的过程变量,使用用在诊断操作中的如果/那么(if/then)规则,来实现专家***。诊断可以基于感测到的振动和过程变量的频谱,并且,可以采用更复杂的处理,例如神经网络、模糊逻辑等。
图3是形成回路18一部分的过程设备240的框图。总体示出了设备240,设备240可以包括用于实现振动诊断的任何过程设备(如变送器12)。过程设备240包括在端子244处耦合至回路18的I/O电路242。设备240包括耦合至I/O电路242的微处理器246、耦合至微处理器246的存储器248以及耦合至微处理器246的时钟250。微处理器246接收过程信号输入252。过程信号输入块252表示任何过程信号的输入,并且过程信号输入可以是过程变量或控制信号,并可以是使用I/O电路242从回路18接收到的,或可以是在过程设备240内部产生的。
过程设备240包括传感器输入通道254。传感器输入通道254包括:传感器21,感测过程变量并向放大器258提供传感器输出,放大器258具有由模数转换器260进行数字化的输出。通道254典型地用在变送器(如变送器12)中。补偿电路262补偿数字化的信号并向微处理器246提供数字化的过程变量信号。
在一个实施例中,I/O电路242提供功率输出,该功率输出用于使用从回路18接收到的功率向过程设备240中的一些或全部其他电路完全供电。典型地,现场设备(如变送器12)或控制器22是从回路18供电的,而通信装置26或控制室20具有单独的电源。如上所述,过程信号输入252向微处理器246提供过程信号。过程信号可以是来自传感器21的过程变量、被提供给控制元件的控制输出、由传感器80感测到的诊断信号、或者通过回路18接收到的控制信号、过程变量或诊断信号、或者通过一些其他装置(如另一I/O通道)接收到或产生的过程信号。
用户I/O电路276还连接至微处理器246,并提供设备240与用户之间的通信。典型地,用户I/O电路276包括用于输出的显示器和/或音频以及用于输入的小键盘或其他接口。I/O电路276可以用于允许用户监测或输入过程信号,例如过程变量、控制信号(设定点、校准值、警报、警报条件等)。
图3还示出了可作为单独传感器的振动传感器80,或者,该振动传感器80可以包括多个传感器或组件。在一个实施例中,传感器80通过例如模数转换器290和放大器292耦合至微处理器246。微处理器246可以监测感测到的振动以及过程信号(如感测过程变量),并提供过程组件的故障或即将到来的故障的指示。例如,微处理器可以将感测到的振动与过程变量之间的关系同基线值或额定值进行比较。类似地,可以将过程变量输出与感测到的振动进行比较,以识别故障过程变量读数。该信息可以存储于存储器248中。基线值和额定值可以基于过程的操作模式或其他因素而改变。基线可以是特定的频谱或签名,并可以基于观察到的过程操作的历史。此外,由微处理器246执行的诊断可以基于感测到的振动和感测到的过程变量中的趋势。例如,感测到的振动和感测到的过程变量中的随时间逐渐或突然的增加、周期性的尖峰或其他异常可以是过程组件的故障或即将发生的故障的指示。类似地,如果感测到的振动和感测到的过程变量之间的关系突然改变,则微处理器246可以提供指示过程组件可能发生故障或已发生故障的诊断输出。这些值、趋势或训练简档(profile)也可以存储于存储器248中。诊断可以基于比较、或更复杂的数学技术(例如,观察测量的平均值或滚动平均值)、模糊逻辑技术、神经网络技术或基于一系列规则和/或阈值比较的专家***技术。在各个实施例中,本发明提供预测性诊断的能力是有利的,这是由于本发明提供了时间以供服务人员在过程组件最终发生故障之前服务于该过程组件。
图3还示出了耦合至微处理器246的撞击器291。撞击器291可以是可选的组件并可以包括被配置为向变送器240引入加速度的任何元件。例如,装有弹簧的锤(spring-loaded hammer)可以由微处理器、螺线管、具有偏重(offset weight)的电动机等来激活。这可以向变送器240提供已知的加速度信号,以用于诊断或用在外部加速度源不可用的配置中。
本发明的诊断输出可以用于提供输出信号,提供本地指示给操作者,或者提供用于传输至控制室的通信信号或提供其他诊断通告。
如上所述,诊断是采用感测到的振动和感测到的过程变量的技术的函数。例如,诊断可以利用信号之间的关系在一段时间内的趋势。关于过程变量信号,可以将该信息与轴承或泵组件的磨损相关。此外,诊断电路可以用于将振动信号和感测到的过程变量与在工业过程操作期间发生的各个过程或事件相关。例如,侵蚀性的化学反应可以具有特定的振动签名以及过程变量中的相关变化。在一些实施例中,感测到的过程变量和振动之间的关系(例如,两者之间的变化关系)可以提供诊断条件的指示,例如正在发生故障或以某种方式发生变化的组件。
一方面,振动传感器的输出用于使过程变量传感器的操作有效。例如,可以将压力变送器所经历的振动与测量到的过程变量的变化相关。这种关系是可以随时间监测的,并可以用于使过程变量传感器的正常操作有效。
振动传感器80可以是任何适当的振动传感器。一种已知的振动检测和测量传感器是加速度计。有多种当前采用的不同的加速度计技术,包括电容式、电动式、压电式等等。加速度计产生与感测到的振动相关的输出信号。输出信号可以与振动的强度或振动的频率具有线性的或其他的关系。另一示例诊断传感器可以在MEMS配置中体现,其中利用悬臂来感测振动。
压电式加速度计是相对坚固耐用的,并具有覆盖较大音频范围的、数十kHz量级的宽信号带宽。一个示例传感器由PCBPiezoelectronics提供,并被标识为IMI传感器系列660,这是低成本可嵌入式加速度计的家族。各种可用配置包括具有信号处理的两线配置、没有信号处理的两线配置以及三线低功率。例如,低功率配置在扩展的温度范围内进行操作,并可以直接安装至经历宽温度变化的过程。在例如3伏和5伏DC之间施加激励电压,并且穿过传感器的电流是750微安培的量级。
另一示例加速度计是由Motorola提供的MMA系列。这些加速度计包括各种配置,例如表面安装集成电路封装、温度补偿、积分信号调节和滤波、自测试和故障锁存能力。这些加速度计使用电容式感测技术,电容式感测技术可以被建模为具有在其间可移动的板的两个静止板。当***经历加速时,中心板从其平衡位置发生偏转。
可以与本发明一起使用任何适当类型的加速度计。例如,电容式加速度计使用金属波束或微型机械特性,其产生响应于加速度而改变的可变电容。压电式电传感器使用安装至设备的压电式监测器。加速度与压电晶体的电压输出相关。压阻式传感器可以例如使用波束或微型机械特性,其具有响应于加速度而改变的电阻。霍尔效应传感器使用通过感测磁场中的变化来将运动转换为电信号的配置。可以使用各种类型的三接入式(tri-access)加速度计。例如,一种这样的加速度计是Okidata ML8950。另一示例设备可从如AVXL330之类的模拟设备获得。
使用三接入式加速度计,根据本发明的变送器可以被配置为利用两个分离的诊断测量。变送器可以利用加速度计的输出以及过程变量传感器(如压力传感器)的输出。可以对来自这两个设备的信号进行比较以产生唯一的***诊断。例如,在压力变送器中,可以并入加速度计。加速度计是可以使用手动输入来激活(例如,由操作者用锤或另一重物来撞击)的。可以沿着压力传感器的感测隔膜的轴来引导该冲击。这种未校准的冲击将使加速度计测量加速度并使压力传感器测量压力脉冲。如果两个输出都被检测到,则诊断可以确认设备的正常操作。
作为上述配置的另一实施例,可以将过程变量传感器和加速度计的输出的波形或其他方面进行比较。例如,在一些配置中,响应于变送器上的撞击或其他冲击,可以在压力传感器的输出与加速度计的输出之间观察到线性关系。这些响应的变化可以提供故障(例如,充油流体的损失)的指示。
在一个示例中,装有弹簧的冲压器(punch)用于向设备提供校准的撞击。然而,可以使用任何期望类型的校准撞击。在这种配置中,可以在诊断算法以及过程变量传感器和加速度计的输出中使用撞击的数值。在另一配置中,在诊断中应用多个校准的撞击。例如,可以使用不同数值的撞击,并且可以对过程变量和加速度计的输出中产生的变化进行比较。
在另一示例配置中,环境能量用作“撞击”的源。例如,可以使用水锤效应、泵脉动或机械振动。例如,两个不同的水锤可以产生可用作校准检验的两个不同比较。还可以提供对变送器正在根据性能规范而工作的指示。
在另一示例中,恒定振动造成了传感器过程变量中的偏移(例如感测到的压力中的偏移)。例如,将压力传感器耦合至过程的湿管(wetleg)中的振动使压力传感器指示增大的压力。在一些配置中,压力传感器充当低通滤波器和整流器,使得脉动显现为压力偏移。可以使用过程变量以及监测到的加速度来执行诊断。此外,监测到的加速度也可以用于补偿过程变量,使得使用例如图3所示的微处理器246从过程变量测量中去除由振动造成的偏移。
加速度计80可以安装在任何适当位置。加速度计可以安装至变送器的外壳,或例如直接安装至过程变量传感器(例如直接安装至压力传感器)。然而,在压力模块中典型地隔离压力传感器,并且在一些配置中,压力传感器可以与振动(例如施加给变送器的撞击)隔离。加速度计的外壳和放置可以被设计为增强对特定类型的振动的感受性,或其他的考虑。为了获得由加速度传感器感测到的加速度的详细简档,可以利用高速数据捕获技术。
图4是根据本发明一个实施例的步骤的简化框图300。在框302处启动流程图300,并在框304处监测过程变量。在框306处,监测加速度。框304和306可以顺序地、并行地、次序颠倒地或在包括部分重叠的监测时段在内的任何时间发生。在框308处,将诊断作为监测到的过程变量以及监测到的加速度的函数来执行。可以基于存储于存储器248中的编程指令,在图3所示的微处理器246中执行这些诊断。诊断可以根据其中为了确定过程组件的条件或即将发生的条件、过程的操作、过程内的设备或元件的操作等而将两个监测到的值进行比较的任何适当技术。示例包括基于规则的技术、模糊逻辑技术、神经网络技术、人工智能技术等等。在一种配置中,微处理器246使用监测到的加速度来补偿由于变送器或耦合至变送器的组件的加速度而引起的测量到的过程变量中的误差。例如,可以在一些配置中使用监测到的加速度来去除感测到的过程变量中的偏移。在框310处,提供与诊断相关的可选输出。可以例如通过在两线过程控制回路18上进行通信,或使用其他通信技术(如RF或无线技术),按照期望将该输出传输至远程位置。此外,可以通过有线或无线连接,在操作者本地或在邻近设备(如测试设备)本地提供输出。在框312处,可选地,通过返回至框302来重复上述过程步骤。在一种配置中,监测加速度框306包括激活撞击器391或其他加速度源。
在一种配置中,图4所示的步骤是可以基于用户输入来激活的。例如,操作者可以通过经由使用两线过程控制回路18的通信或其他技术将适当信号提供给变送器340,来启动框图300的操作。在这种配置中,设备可以被配置为指示操作者在框306处、在监测加速度的同时将加速度施加给变送器240。例如,可以指示操作者在特定位置或沿特定轴撞击变送器。
本发明提供了用于在过程控制监测***的过程设备中执行诊断或补偿的多种技术。例如,可以使用加速度计来测量导致设备的加速的外部影响,即人工的(例如锤击)或环境的(例如水锤或机械振动)影响。使用加速度计(例如,单轴、双轴或三轴加速度计)和过程变量传感器(例如压力传感器)来测量该加速度的效果。这两个测量可以用于诊断操作,例如验证变送器的正常操作。在其他配置中,操控这两个测量到的信号,例如,可以观察这两个信号的比率,并将这两个信号的比率与校准的外部影响的数值进行比较,以验证变送器的操作。使用这两个信号的比率以及这两个信号的数值、以及外部影响的数值以及外部影响的数值的比率,可以使用其他技术来验证变送器的操作。除了验证操作,可以使用加速度信号来实时地执行校准和补偿。通过监测和分析信号,变送器可以提供关于状态的通知或警报。可以按期望来定位加速度计,例如与过程变量传感器(如压力传感器)或同传感器相关联的电子装置相邻地装配。例如,基于电容的加速度计可以集成在现有或改进的模数转换器(例如,电容-数字集成电路)中。三轴加速度计可以用于执行多种功能,包括:测量振动作为诊断工具、测量设备倾角作为用于自动补偿压力测量中的头效应(head effect)的手段、与对过程变量传感器的影响相比测量对设备的影响以用在变送的验证中、和/或测量加速度以补偿加速度压力偏移。加速度源可以集成至例如装有弹簧的冲压器机械装置等设备中。该机械装置可以由操作者开动,或可以由变送器中的电路自动地开动。在另一种配置中,将机械或压力外部影响结合至将变送器耦合至工业过程的过程连接中。加速度计可以直接连至过程变量传感器,以创建这两个信号之间更加可预测的关系。
在一种配置中,加速度计可以被配置为测量加速度输入的基于时间的周期性。如果加速度影响了过程变量测量(如压力测量)精度,则在“安静”间隔期间进行的测量可以被视为提供更高精度。当加速度计测量可造成测量中的误差的较大加速度输入时,这种***可以例如保存最近的“良好”值。在另一示例中,在一些配置中,测量到的过程变量的增大(例如,流速的增大)还与振动的增大(例如,增大的泵脉动或更高幅度的管道振动)相对应。可以将来自加速度计中的过程变量“压力”传感器的信号进行比较,作为附加诊断,以在测量到的过程变量中提供更多置信度。
尽管参照优选实施例描述了本发明,但本领域技术人员应当认识到,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,可以在形式和细节上作出改变。在一些实施例中,本发明可以在任何类型的过程设备中实现。可以使用任何类型的处理器,包括:使用金属波束或微型机械特性的基于电容式的加速度计,该金属波束或微型机械特性产生关于加速度而改变的电容;使用安装成块的晶体的压电式传感器;其中例如波束的电阻基于加速度而改变的压电式传感器;根据改变的磁场的、基于霍尔效应的传感器等等。本发明的诊断电路可以在任何适当组件中实现。例如,该电路可以在微处理器及关联组件和编程指令中实现,或可以包括其他组件或实施例。示例加速度传感器包括电容式、电动式、压电式和微电子机械***(MEMS)。
Claims (41)
1.一种用在工业过程控制或监测***中的过程变量变送器,包括:
过程变量传感器,具有与过程变量相关的传感器输出;
耦合至变送器的加速度计,具有与加速度相关的加速度计输出;以及
诊断电路,具有作为传感器输出和加速度计输出的函数的诊断输出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,包括变送器外壳,其中,所述加速度计耦合至所述变送器外壳。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述加速度计邻近于所述过程变量传感器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述加速度计包括三轴加速度计。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述过程变量传感器包括压力传感器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置,包括被配置为耦合至过程控制回路的通信电路。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其中,在过程控制回路上传输来自诊断电路的诊断输出。
8.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其中,所述诊断输出与过程组件的故障相关。
9.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其中,所述诊断输出与过程组件的性能退化相关。
10.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其中,所述诊断输出与过程组件的即将发生的故障相关。
11.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述诊断输出用于补偿所述过程变量。
12.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述诊断输出是基于规则的。
13.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述诊断电路实现神经网络或模糊逻辑。
14.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述加速度传感器是从包括电容式、电动式、压电式和微电子机械***(MEMS)的一组加速度传感器中选择的。
15.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述诊断电路被配置为控制施加给过程控制变送器的加速度。
16.根据权利要求15所述的装置,包括被配置为对所述变送器造成冲击的撞击器。
17.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述加速度计被配置为感测由操作者施加的加速度。
18.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述加速度计被配置为感测施加给所述变送器的校准的加速度。
19.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述诊断电路被配置为对施加给所述变送器的多于一个的校准的加速度中的加速度进行比较。
20.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述过程变量变送器被配置为基于感测到的加速度来控制过程变量的输出。
21.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述加速度计被配置为感测环境加速度。
22.根据权利要求21所述的装置,其中,所述环境加速度是来自水锤、泵脉动和机械加速度中的至少一个。
23.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述诊断电路被配置为基于感测到的静态加速度来补偿过程变量的输出。
24.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述加速度计提供用于诊断、过程变量补偿或操作验证之一的输出。
25.根据权利要求1所述的装置,包括被配置为存储过程变量的存储器,并且其中,所述过程变量变送器基于存储于存储器中的过程变量,提供作为感测到的加速度的函数的输出。
26.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述诊断输出是传感器输出与加速度计输出之间的历史关系的函数。
27.一种用于诊断工业过程控制***中的变送器的操作的方法,包括:
使用加速度计来感测施加给所述变送器的加速度;
测量过程变量;以及
基于感测到的加速度来诊断所述变送器的操作或过程扰动。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中,所述加速度计耦合至变送器外壳。
29.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中,所述加速度计邻近于过程变量传感器。
30.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中,所述加速度计包括三轴加速度计。
31.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中,感测到的过程变量包括压力。
32.根据权利要求27所述的方法,包括:在过程控制回路上传输诊断信息。
33.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中,被诊断的操作与过程组件的即将发生的故障相关。
34.根据权利要求27所述的方法,包括:基于诊断步骤来补偿过程变量。
35.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中,所述诊断是基于规则的。
36.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中,所述诊断是基于神经网络或模糊逻辑的。
37.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中,所述加速度传感器是从包括电容式、电动式、压电式和微电子机械***(MEMS)的一组加速度传感器中选择的。
38.根据权利要求27所述的方法,包括:控制施加给所述变送器的加速度。
39.根据权利要求27所述的方法,包括:感测由操作者施加的加速度。
40.根据权利要求27所述的方法,包括:感测施加给所述变送器的校准的加速度。
41.根据权利要求27所述的方法,包括:存储过程变量,并且其中,基于所存储的过程变量,提供作为感测到的加速度的函数的输出。
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CN104011528A (zh) * | 2011-12-13 | 2014-08-27 | 恩德莱斯和豪瑟尔两合公司 | 用于确定和/或监测至少一个过程变量的装置 |
CN104011528B (zh) * | 2011-12-13 | 2016-12-28 | 恩德莱斯和豪瑟尔两合公司 | 用于确定和/或监测至少一个过程变量的装置 |
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EP2185984A1 (en) | 2010-05-19 |
CN101772745B (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
EP2185984B1 (en) | 2016-10-05 |
CA2694936A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
EP2185984B8 (en) | 2017-02-22 |
US8898036B2 (en) | 2014-11-25 |
RU2010108301A (ru) | 2011-09-20 |
US20090043530A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
JP2010536092A (ja) | 2010-11-25 |
RU2450311C2 (ru) | 2012-05-10 |
JP5175347B2 (ja) | 2013-04-03 |
CA2694936C (en) | 2016-11-29 |
WO2009020591A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
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