CN101273689A - Method of Microula sikkimensis (Clarke) Hemsl. bionic cultivation - Google Patents
Method of Microula sikkimensis (Clarke) Hemsl. bionic cultivation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a bionic cultivation method for precious oil source plant microula sikkimensis grown specifically in the Tibet plateau and rich in Gamma-linolenic acid, and the method includes selecting varieties with low fruitdrop rate for use; breeding fine varieties and supplying variety sources in irrigated areas with the altitude between 2000 to 2300m; establishing a bionic cultivation base in appropriate dry farming fields, grassland from farmland or deteriorated grassland with the altitude between 2200 to 4200m in the original production area of microula sikkimensis. EMS solution with the concentration of 0.1 to 0.2 percent is used for dipping seeds before spring sowing, and then the seeds are mixed with sand and treated under the low temperature of 3 to 5 DEG C for 3 to 5 days, thus the germination capacity of the seeds can be improved by more than 70 percent. The interplanting of the seeds and root tuber is carried out, the treated seeds are sowed in drill first, the sowing amount is 400 to 500g per mou; the sowing is conducted between the last third of August and the first third of September in autumn, with the sowing amount of 600 to 700g per mou, the row spacing of 40cm, the root distance of 10cm and the cultivation amount of the root tuber of 17,000 strips per mou. By utilizing the fruitdrop characteristic of the microula sikkimensis, after sowing once, the summer harvest for a batch of seeds and the fall harvest for a batch of root tuber can be realized each year and can continue for 3 to 5 years. The bionic cultivation method of the invention successfully solves the technical problem that seeds are not easy to harvest in large-scale cultivation of the microula sikkimensis and provides scientific and advanced practical technique for the sustainable utilization and large-scale cultivation of the microula sikkimensis resource.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plateau wild plant bionic cultivation technology, the bionic cultivation technology of the peculiar precious oil sources in especially a kind of Qinghai-Tibet Platean (gamma-Linolenic acid) plant micropore grass.
Background technology
Micropore grass [Microula skki mensis (c.b.clarke) He ms] is the distinctive 2 years precious wild oil plantss of life in Qinghai-Tibet Platean and contiguous high altitude localities thereof, has multiple important use such as medicinal, edible and feeding.Discover that the microporous grass seed oil content particularly contains the gamma-Linolenic acid of 6.37%-8.33% up to more than 40% in the microula oil, close with oenothera erythrosepala, the unsaturated fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic acid that it also has oenothera erythrosepala not contain.Prove that through pharmacological testing gamma-Linolenic acid can obviously reduce serum cholesterol, triglycerides and serum MDA content, improve the ratio of serum high-density LP cholesterol and middle cholesterol, have functions such as the blood fat of preventing deposition, atherosclerotic.In addition, gamma-Linolenic acid enzyme system major defect, fat-reducing in the treatment human body, improve aspects such as dry skin, delay skin aging, anti peroxidation of lipid and have obvious effect.Alpha-linolenic acid can be used as the main source of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, compare with deep sea fish oil, it does not contain harmful cholesterol, the vegetable oil of edible 2.1 gram alpha-linolenic acids, to edible 30 gram marine fishes similar biological effect is arranged approximately, in view of alpha-linolenic acid very high alimentary health-care function and distinctive medical value, FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation) just announced its essential composition as human foods as far back as 1978.
Gamma-Linolenic acid only is present in few plant seed lipid, become the problem that many in the world scholars pay close attention to so seek the green plants that contains gamma-Linolenic acid, after nineteen eighty-three Britain scientist has found to contain gamma-Linolenic acid in the evening primrose oil, started the consumption boom of gamma-Linolenic acid nutrient and healthcare products the America and Europe.So far lasting always, be well received by consumers.The micropore grass is the rare oil plants resource that the another kind found behind oenothera erythrosepala more is rich in multiple nutritional components such as gamma-Linolenic acid.Also have abundant mineral nutrient element and 18 seed amino acids in the microporous grass seed, wherein essential amino acid content 6.08%, delicate flavour amino acid content 4.28%, sweet taste amino acid content 2.97%.The micropore grass is commonly called as wild spinach, and seedling stage, cauline leaf was inmature green health-care vegetable.Its piece root kind contains a large amount of starch, and carbohydrate and several amino acids also have anti-angiocardiopathy, multiple efficacies such as high fat of blood and hair care skin care.
Contain crude protein 23.96% in the micropore grass cake slag, stalk contains crude protein 10.37%, and dry matter digestibility 65.69% slightly can 14.59MJ/KG, and micropore grass crushed stalk is mixed with dogstail, can be modulated into nutritious, the novel fodder of good palatability.Because its distinctive health care, rich nutrient contents and very high economic development value, be subjected to common people's the attention with scientist of showing great attention to deeply.
Through development and use research for many years, now developed some micropore grass health products, as the gamma-Linolenic acid capsule, microula oil cosmetics, micropore grass health-care vegetable etc.Also have micropore grass novel fodder etc. in addition, be that raw material also can be developed wide medicine of multiple market prospects and health products with the microula oil, but, fail to carry out large-scale production so far owing to be subjected to the restriction of raw material.Though all having in high and cold areas such as China Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Tibet more widely, micropore grass plant distributes, but because of the micropore grass is the poly-umbrella indefinite inflorescence of single fork, having the limit blooms, the limit result, inconsistent characteristic of maturing stage, and the sepal drying shrinkage of parcel seed (nutlet) when ripe, seed comes off easily, be difficult for stored seed, this brings very big difficulty not only for the work of gathering microporous grass seed, and has a strong impact on the raising of harvest yield.In recent years, secondary barren that the micropore grass easily forms after Qinghai-Tibet and contiguous high altitude localities natural vegetation is destroyed or the ecological suitable planting in the secondary vegetation, but depletion along with the forward succession of vegetation, the use of chemicalss such as while weed killer herbicide also makes it be suppressed, and now has been in Critical Condition.Thereby, carry out scale, the industrialization development of micropore grass, must be prerequisite with micropore strawman worker domesticating and cultivating technological achievement.Could improve output, enlarge and produce, solve the efficient development and use that continue of micropore grass resource.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned thinking, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of bionic cultivation method of micropore grass, with this lasting efficient development and use problem that solves the micropore grass resource, provide the bionic cultivation technology of micropore grass for the large-scale planting of the peculiar precious wild plant in plateau.
Purpose of the present invention can realize by following technical proposals:
A kind of bionic cultivation method of micropore grass comprises the steps:
(1) selecting low interest rate type to use as cultivation from the careless colony of wild micropore plants;
(2) seeds before seeding is handled, and the methyl yellow acetoacetic ester aqueous solution soaking micropore grass dry seeds of usefulness 0.1%-0.2% concentration 5-10 hour is admixed 3 times of thin river sands to the seed dry weight, puts refrigerator or freezer into and handles 3-5 days down for 3 ℃-5 ℃; Or with the Gibberellins solution of 100ppm concentration seed soaking 5-10 hour, husky training 2 days under 15 ℃ of-25 ℃ of alternating temperature conditions was more directly carried out spring with the microporous grass seed of handling and is sowed or planted in fall;
(3) will directly sow at height above sea level 2000-2300M with the seed that handled step (2), hydrothermal condition is numerous kind of base preferably, and carry out in late March-early April spring, and seeding quantity is a 600-700g/ mu; Carry out in late September-early October autumn, and seeding quantity is a 700-800g/ mu, and sowing depth is 1.5-2.5cm;
(4) in the producing region, suitable dry farming micropore grassland of height above sea level 2200-4200M, set up micropore grass bionic cultivation base, carry out sowing in spring or planted in fall, preceding 10-15 days of sowing is handled the soil weed eradication with the trefanocide aqueous solution of 0.6% concentration; Spring sowing, the mid-April-carry out the first tenday period of a month in May, carry out seed and sow with the mode that the piece root is interplanted, the seed of elder generation's drilling above-mentioned processing, spring seeding quantity 400-500g/ mu, carry out in late August-early September autumn, seeding quantity 600-700g/ mu, sowing depth 1.5-2.5cm, line-spacing 40cm; Cultivate the piece root at the trench digging in the ranks of drilling seed subsequently, root distance 10cm, line-spacing 40cm, cropping depth is advisable with root top earthing 3-4CM, 1.7 ten thousand of mu cultivation piece root amounts;
(5) after planting then and in the later 4-5, must carry out weeding, even seedling, seedling thinning, fill the gaps with seedlings in the cultivation base, prevent and treat damage by disease and insect such as powdery mildew, aphid, and enhance field management;
(6) annual autumn, becoming when filbert with micropore grass middle part infructescence seed is best harvest time, with ripe with receipts.
Purpose of the present invention can also realize by following technical proposals:
At height above sea level 2000-2300M, have double-cropped efficient numerous kind of base, from 1 year that sows, rely on the self seed of micropore grass shattering, when gathering in the crops the piece root every year, reserve seed for planting by the seeding row spacing about 40 * 20cm, in continuous 3-5, gather in the crops one batch of kind seed annual summer, gathers in the crops one batch of kind piece root autumn.
Purpose of the present invention can also realize by following technical proposals:
At height above sea level 2000-2300M, hydrothermal condition is the irrigated area preferably, carry out fertilizer spraying in late September-early October, by above-mentioned steps (3) micropore of maturation grass dry seeds is planted in multiplication fields in the mode of drilling, seeding quantity 700-800g/ mu, seed level 1.5-2.5cm, line-spacing 20cm, broadcast the soil moisture conservation of a kind of farm tools ground, back, allow seed survive the winter smoothly in the field; Next year mid-March-the last ten-days period light irrigation once, irritate the back and cover with nonwoven and improve emergence rate, can gather in the crops one batch of kind piece root then October.
The beneficial effect of advantage of the present invention and generation is:
(1) the present invention uses for cultivation by the improved seeds of the low shattering rate type of selection from wild micropore grass is lived in groups and plants; solved the difficult problem of the difficult results of micropore grass large-scale planting seeds effectively, made this rare species resource of micropore grass be expected to obtain continue efficient the development and use.
Advantages such as (2) the bionic cultivation technology has the saving of labor, saves time, and economizes and plants, and is convenient to operation, promotes easily, and production cost is low, and is good in economic efficiency, and when guaranteeing raising output, the results time limit can reach continuous more than 5 years.The present invention has overcome traditional peculiar precious wild plant cultivation waste resource, and management inconvenience yields poorly, and is subjected to the shortcoming of the big grade of eco-environmental impact.In Qinghai-Tibet bionic cultivation district, provide section's operation technique efficiently of emulating the advanced for micropore grass large-scale planting first.
(3) by scale bionic cultivation at height above sea level 2200-4200M high and cold area; the stock number of the wild micropore of quick-recovery high and cold area grass plant soon; improve output and sustainable utilization rate greatly, and can guarantee the fine quality and the active ingredient of the peculiar precious economic plants micropore grass in plateau effectively.
(4) because the micropore grass has the significantly adverse-resistant characteristic of drought-resistant low temperature resistant grade, and growth does not need special fertile soil condition, the high and cold dry farming district of suitable height above sea level 2200-4200M comprises grassplots restored from reclamation and deteriorate grassland, sets up micropore grass bionic cultivation base.Therefore, no-tillage vertical cultivation, enhance field management, sowing in 1 year is results for many years, not only can prevent erosion, and can make full use of the profuse luminous energy resource of barren land resources of western highlands large tracts of land and plateau, this is to building and realize the harmonious society of china natural resources economizing type, ecological friendly type, promote shaking off poverty and setting out on the road to prosperity of western plateau poverty-stricken area peasants and herdsmen, the sustainable development of accelerating regional economy all is of great practical significance.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the bionic cultivation method of a kind of plateau wild plant micropore grass comprises following technology:
(1) selecting low interest rate type to use as cultivation from the careless colony of wild micropore plants; (2) in the hydrothermal condition of height above sea level 2000-2300M irrigation district preferably, set up double-cropped efficient numerous kind of base.In late March-early April sowing, EMS (methyl yellow acetoacetic ester) aqueous solution with 0.2% concentration before the sowing was soaked seed 10 hours, admixed 3 times of thin river sands to the seed dry weight, put refrigerator or freezer and handled 5 days down for 5 ℃, and percentage of seedgermination is reached more than 70%.Drilling amount 700g/ mu, line-spacing 20cm, seed level 2.5cm, once sowing is gathered in the crops for many years.From after planting 1 year, rely on the micropore grass to become the self seed of strain shattering, when gathering in the crops the piece root every year, reserve seed for planting by the seeding row spacing about 40 * 20cm, carrying out the field plumber does, can be in continuous 3-5, can gather in the crops one batch of seed annual summer, can gather in the crops one batch of kind piece root autumn again; (3) in producing region, micropore grassland, the suitable dry farming district of height above sea level 2200-4200M comprises grassplots restored from reclamation or deteriorate grassland, sets up micropore grass bionic cultivation base, carries out the sowing in spring, broadcasts preceding 10-15 days, and the trefanocide aqueous solution with 0.6% is handled the soil weed eradication; (4) the mid-April-take the first tenday period of a month in May the mode of seed and piece root interplanting to sow, the seed of the above-mentioned processing of first drilling, the kind amount is a 500g/ mu, seed level 2.5cm, line-spacing 40cm.Cultivate the piece root at the trench digging in the ranks of drilling seed subsequently, spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 40cm, seed level is advisable with root top earthing 4cm, and a mu cultivation is measured 1.7 ten thousand/mu.Gather in the crops by solid ripe confession of plant that the piece root generates autumn then, and utilize the seed holding of micropore grass, a part of mature seed is fallen into the field, only receive later on and do not plant; (5) in after planting several years, mainly cultivation task is weeding, even seedling, seedling thinning or fills the gaps with seedlings, and prevents damage by disease and insect such as powdery mildew, aphid, and enhancing field management comprises that protection and people and animals destroy; (6) annual autumn, becoming when filbert with micropore grass middle part infructescence seed is best harvest time, with receipts, guarantees on the basis of high yield and high quality that with ripe the results time limit can reach continuous more than 5 years.
Embodiment 2: the bionic cultivation method of a kind of plateau wild plant micropore grass comprises following technology:
(1) selecting low interest rate type to use as cultivation from the careless colony of wild micropore plants; (2) at height above sea level 2000-2300M, hydrothermal condition is the irrigation district preferably, set up double-cropped efficient numerous kind of base, in late March-early April sowing, Gibberellins solution with 100ppm concentration before broadcasting was soaked seed 5 hours, and sand was accompanied 2 days under 15 ℃ of-25 ℃ of alternating temperature conditions again, made more than the percentage of seedgermination to 70%, drilling 600g/ mu seed, seed level 1.5cm.Once sowing is gathered in the crops for many years, from sowing 1 year, relies on the self seed of micropore grass shattering, when gathering in the crops the piece root every year, reserve seed for planting, carry out the field plumber and do by the seeding row spacing about 40 * 20cm, can be in continuous 3-5, gather in the crops one batch of kind seed annual summer, gathers in the crops one batch of kind piece root autumn; (3) in producing region, micropore grassland, the suitable dry farming district of height above sea level 2200-4200M comprises grassplots restored from reclamation, sets up micropore grass bionic cultivation base, carries out the sowing in spring, sows preceding 10 days, and the trefanocide aqueous solution with 0.6% is handled the soil weed eradication; (4) mid-April-the first tenday period of a month in May, take seed and piece root the interplanting mode sow, the seed of the above-mentioned processing of first drilling, seeding quantity is a 400g/ mu, sowing depth is 1.5cm, line-spacing is 40cm.Cultivate the piece root at the trench digging in the ranks of drilling seed subsequently, spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 40cm, sowing depth is advisable with root top earthing 3cm, and cultivation is measured 1.7 ten thousand/mu.Gather in the crops by solid ripe confession of plant that the piece root generates autumn then, and utilize the shattering characteristic of micropore grass, a part of mature seed is fallen into the field, only receive later on and do not plant; (5) in after planting several years, mainly cultivation task is weeding, even seedling, seedling thinning or fills the gaps with seedlings; Prevent and treat damage by disease and insect such as powdery mildew, aphid; And enhancement of field management comprises the destruction of preventing people and animals; (6) become with micropore grass middle part infructescence seed be the suitableeest harvest time when filbert annual autumn,, guarantees on the basis of high yield and high quality with receipts with ripe, can gather in the crops year be limited to continuous more than 5 years.
Embodiment 3: the bionic cultivation method of a kind of plateau wild plant micropore grass comprises following technology:
(1) selecting low interest rate type to use as cultivation from the careless colony of wild micropore plants; (2) at height above sea level 2000-2300M, hydrothermal condition is the irrigation district preferably, sets up double-cropped efficient numerous kind of base.The late September-early October foot carries out the moisture in the soil sowing, and the micropore grass dry seeds of maturation is planted in multiplication fields in the mode of drilling, seeding quantity 800g/ mu, seed level 2.0cm, line-spacing 20cm broadcasts a kind of farm tools ground, back and preserves soil moisture, and allows seed survive the winter smoothly in the field.Next year mid-March-the last ten-days period light irrigation once, irritate the back and cover with nonwoven and improve emergence rate, can gather in the crops one batch of kind piece root then October, reserve seed for planting by the seeding row spacing about 40 * 20cm during results.1 year can one batch of seed of the summer harvest, and one batch of piece root of autumn harvest relies on the self seed of micropore grass shattering later on, suitably reserves seed for planting when results piece root, carries out the field plumber and does, and in the 3-5, gathers in the crops twice in 1 year continuously; (3) in producing region, micropore grassland, the suitable dry farming district of height above sea level 2200-4200M comprises grassplots restored from reclamation, sets up micropore grass bionic cultivation base, carries out planted in fall, sows preceding 15 days, and the trefanocide aqueous solution with 0.6% is handled the soil weed eradication; (4) in late August-early September, take the mode of seed and piece root interplanting to sow, elder generation's drilling seed, 750/ mu of seeding quantity, seed level 2.0cm, line-spacing 40cm cultivates the piece root at the trench digging in the ranks of drilling seed subsequently, spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 40cm, sowing depth is advisable with root top earthing 4cm, and cultivation is measured 1.7 ten thousand/mu, allow seed and piece root survive the winter smoothly in the field, next year spring sowing, piece root are emerged, and autumn is solid ripe for results by the plant that the piece root generates, and utilize the seed holding of micropore grass, some ripe seed falls into the field, only receives later on and does not plant; (5) in after planting several years, mainly cultivation task is weeding, even seedling, seedling thinning or fills the gaps with seedlings; Prevent damage by disease and insect such as powdery mildew, aphid; And enhance field management; (6) annual autumn, becoming when filbert with micropore grass middle part infructescence seed is best harvest time,, guarantees on the basis of high yield and high quality with receipts with ripe, can gather in the crops year to be limited to continuous more than 5 years.
Claims (3)
1. the bionic cultivation method of a micropore grass plant comprises the steps:
(1) selecting low interest rate type to use as cultivation from the careless colony of wild micropore plants;
(2) seeds before seeding is handled, and the methyl yellow acetoacetic ester aqueous solution soaking micropore grass dry seeds of usefulness 0.1%-0.2% concentration 5-10 hour is admixed 3 times of thin river sands to the seed dry weight, puts refrigerator or freezer into and handles 3-5 days down for 3 ℃-5 ℃; Or with the Gibberellins solution of 100ppm concentration seed soaking 5-10 hour, husky training 2 days under 15 ℃ of-25 ℃ of alternating temperature conditions was more directly carried out spring with the microporous grass seed of handling and is sowed or planted in fall;
(3) will directly sow at height above sea level 2000-2300M with the seed that handled step (2), hydrothermal condition is numerous kind of base preferably, and carry out in late March-early April spring, and seeding quantity is a 600-700g/ mu; Carry out in late September-early October autumn, and seeding quantity is a 700-800g/ mu, and sowing depth is 1.5-2.5cm;
(4) in the producing region, suitable dry farming micropore grassland of height above sea level 2200-4200M, set up micropore grass bionic cultivation base, carry out sowing in spring or planted in fall, preceding 10-15 days of sowing is handled the soil weed eradication with the trefanocide aqueous solution of 0.6% concentration; Spring sowing, the mid-April-carry out the first tenday period of a month in May, carry out seed and sow with the mode that the piece root is interplanted, the seed of elder generation's drilling above-mentioned processing, spring seeding quantity 400-500g/ mu, carry out in late August-early September autumn, seeding quantity 600-700g/ mu, sowing depth 1.5-2.5cm, line-spacing 40cm; Cultivate the piece root at the trench digging in the ranks of drilling seed subsequently, root distance 10cm, line-spacing 40cm, cropping depth is advisable with root top earthing 3-4CM, 1.7 ten thousand of mu cultivation piece root amounts;
(5) after planting then and in the later 4-5, must carry out weeding, even seedling, seedling thinning, fill the gaps with seedlings in the cultivation base, prevent and treat damage by disease and insect such as powdery mildew, aphid, and enhance field management;
(6) annual autumn, becoming when filbert with micropore grass middle part infructescence seed is best harvest time, with ripe with receipts.
2. the bionic cultivation method of a kind of micropore grass as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: at height above sea level 2000-2300M, have double-cropped efficient numerous kind of base, from 1 year that sows, rely on the self seed of micropore grass shattering, when gathering in the crops the piece root every year, reserve seed for planting, in continuous 3-5 by the seeding row spacing about 40 * 20cm, gather in the crops one batch of kind seed annual summer, gathers in the crops one batch of kind piece root autumn.
3. the bionic cultivation method of a kind of micropore grass as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: at height above sea level 2000-2300M, hydrothermal condition is the irrigated area preferably, carry out fertilizer spraying in late September-early October, the micropore of maturation grass dry seeds is planted in multiplication fields, seeding quantity 700-800g/ mu in the mode of drilling by above-mentioned steps (3), seed level 1.5-2.5cm, line-spacing 20cm broadcasts the soil moisture conservation of a kind of farm tools ground, back, allows seed survive the winter smoothly in the field; Next year mid-March-the last ten-days period light irrigation once, irritate the back and cover with nonwoven and improve emergence rate, can gather in the crops one batch of kind piece root then October.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104737742A (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2015-07-01 | 蒙城县南望槐种植专业合作社 | Winter jasmine cultivating method |
| CN104823821A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2015-08-12 | 上海应用技术学院 | Root control cloth for container cultivation, production method therefor and application thereof |
| CN105493842A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-04-20 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Halophyte planting method capable of avoiding seeding |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1266259C (en) * | 2002-10-09 | 2006-07-26 | 中国科学院上海植物生理研究所 | Carbon dioxide supercritical extracting method of fatty acid separation and extraction from microporous grass seed |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104737742A (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2015-07-01 | 蒙城县南望槐种植专业合作社 | Winter jasmine cultivating method |
| CN104823821A (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2015-08-12 | 上海应用技术学院 | Root control cloth for container cultivation, production method therefor and application thereof |
| CN105493842A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-04-20 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Halophyte planting method capable of avoiding seeding |
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