CN105684695A - Good quality and high yield cultivation method for garlic - Google Patents
Good quality and high yield cultivation method for garlic Download PDFInfo
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- CN105684695A CN105684695A CN201610056776.4A CN201610056776A CN105684695A CN 105684695 A CN105684695 A CN 105684695A CN 201610056776 A CN201610056776 A CN 201610056776A CN 105684695 A CN105684695 A CN 105684695A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/38—Solanaceae [Potato family], e.g. nightshade, tomato, tobacco or chilli pepper
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Abstract
The invention discloses a good quality and high yield cultivation method for garlic. The cultivation method includes the following steps of preparing special insecticide, preparing soil and applying fertilizer, selecting seeds and sowing, conducting field management and harvesting garlic. According to the good quality and high yield cultivation method for garlic, by means of the normalized planting technology of garlic, the quality of garlic is improved, the yield of garlic is increased, economic benefits are good, and the cultivation method is suitable for popularization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field, particularly a kind of Bulbus Allii cultivating superior high-yield method。
Background technology
Bulbus Allii is a kind of nutrition and the high plant of medical value, is planted widely in China, and it mainly gathers in the crops form Folium Allii sativi, galic bolt and Bulbus Allii。In the planting process of Bulbus Allii, as various problem very easily occurs in mismanagement, as Bulbus Allii root burn, the underground pests such as maggot are serious, the Bulbus Alliis inferior such as multiple lobe Bulbus Allii, period of surviving the winter occur dead many etc. problems, reduce quality and the yield of Bulbus Allii。
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of Bulbus Allii cultivating superior high-yield method, the planting technology of standardization Bulbus Allii, improves quality and the yield of the Bulbus Allii of Bulbus Allii, good in economic efficiency, be suitable to promote。
For achieving the above object, a kind of Bulbus Allii cultivating superior high-yield method that the present invention proposes, it comprises the steps:
One, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtained: Flos Daturae 2, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii 3, Radix Gentianae 3, Rhizoma Coptidis 1, Folium Perillae 1, Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii 1, Herba et Flos Pyrethri Cinerariifolii 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintain boiling time 3-6h, now leach solution A, every kilogram of A adds 50% fenisobromolate 200-300 gram, mixes to obtain the first insecticide；2, Flos Daturae prepared for previous step, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, Radix Gentianae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Folium Perillae, Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii, Herba et Flos Pyrethri Cinerariifolii are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, inject in this ground product containing 2% aqueous solution pressing down hooligan's cream again, the weight ratio of ground product and aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide；3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation；
Two, site preparation and fertilization: after current stubble crop harvesting, robbing stubble and plough, tilling depth to reach 20-25 centimetre, harrows in length and breadth carefully after ploughing, rakes, and makes topsoil pine thoroughly, has protected soil moisture content, in order to plantation；Execute high-quality barnyard manure 5000 kilograms 80 kilograms of soil insecticides of mixing for every mu before ploughing soil, do furrow after leveling rake is thin, apply quick-acting chemical fertilizer again after furrow face is flattened, 3-5 days prior to seeding, soil is sprayed first insecticide of 22%；
Three, seed selection and sowing:
1, seed selection and bubble kind: head is big, lobe is big, lobe is neat and representational Bulbus Allii in selection, and all to reject because of the root that goes rotten, damages by worms, macerates break lobe classification subsequently。It is generally divided into large, medium and small three grades, first broadcasts first order seed (hundred lobes weigh about 500 grams), then broadcast secondary seed (hundred lobes weigh about 400 grams), do not broadcast three grades of seeds in principle；It is immersed in second insecticide of 30% by the seed chosen after 16-18 hour to pull out and drains；
2, sowing: the seed after draining is sowed immediately, the most in good time phase of Bulbus Allii sowing is to make plant grow to 5～6 leaves before surviving the winter, and now plant cold hardiness is the strongest, will not be freezed to death winter in severe cold, and passes through vernalization for plant and lay good basis。The Yangtze river basin and areas to the south thereof, be typically in 9 months, the last ten-days period sowing。Yangtze river basin JIUYUE weather is felt nice and cool, and is suitable to Allium Sativum L and is unearthed and growth。As sowed too early, seedling before surviving the winter over growth and consume nutrient, then reduce winter cabbage, it is also possible to row vernalization again, cause diauxic growth, Second Year to form multiple lobe Bulbus Allii, reduce Garlic quality。Too late, then young plant is little, organizes tender, and root system is weak in sowing, and accumulation nutrient is less, and cold hardiness is relatively low, and period death of surviving the winter is many。So Bulbus Allii must strictly grasp sowing time。Bulbus Allii sowing Suitable depth is 3～4 centimetres, and line-spacing 20-22 centimetre, spacing in the rows 8-10 centimetre, mu plants 28000-35000 strain。It is sure not sowing overstocked or excessively rare, in order to avoid affecting yield and marketing quality。After broadcasting 5-7 days, every mu of use, if so 80-100 milliliter or execute field and mend 200 milliliters, was watered 100 kilograms and sprays。
Four, field management:
1, topdress: though Allium Sativum L trophophase has kind of a lobe nutrition, but for promoting growth of seedling, increase the room of plant, must topdress optimum period。Owing to the ability of garlic root absorption liquid manure is weak, therefore topdress and should execute quick-acting fertilizer, in order to avoid taking off fertile and occurring that blade tip turns to be yellow。Bulbus Allii is topdressed general 3～4 times, is divided into:
1) urge seed manure: after Bulbus Allii tidy seedlings output, execute 1 light night soil and carry Seedling, avoid and execute carbon ammonium, in case burn seedling。
2) contain and flesh up: after sow 60～80 days, the heavy dressing people's animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed for 1 time adds chemical fertilizer, carries on a shoulder pole for every mu 20～30, sulfur ammonium 10 kilograms, potassium sulfate or 5 kilograms of potassium chloride。Accomplishing that early-maturing variety early chases after, middle-late ripening variety chases after late, promotes that seedling growth is prosperous, and stem and leaf is sturdy, few yellow sharp or not yellow point during to rotten mother。
3) pregnant a kind of sedge is fertile: plant Bulbus Allii hurdle imperial mother, and bud and bulbil break up entrance scape elongating stage successively。The old aging of this phase, new root occurs in a large number, and stem and leaf and galic bolt also extend rapidly simultaneously, and Bulbus Allii also begins to slowly expand, thus needs nutrient many, answers heavy dressing available potassium, 10～15 kilograms of nitrogenous fertilizer (compound fertilizer is better)。Before existing tail, about first quarter moon, apply (short a kind of sedge that peelable Seedling observes cauloid bottom), to meet needs, promote that galic bolt pumping is fast, vigorous growth。
4) Bulbus Allii expands fertilizer: precocious and Early-mid ripening kind, owing to when Bulbus Allii expands, temperature is also not high；Bulbus Allii expanding stage is corresponding longer, for promoting that Bulbus Allii is loose, must impose available nitrogen potash fertilizer before galic bolt is gathered。As: nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer mu executes 5～10 kilograms, if singly executing carbamide, about 5 kilograms, it is impossible to impose too much, established garlic clove plumelet otherwise can be caused to turn green, coming into leaves again and consuming the nutrient of garlic clove。Topdress and should carry out before galic bolt is gathered, namely have abundant Nutrients uptake Bulbus Allii to expand after galic bolt is gathered。Carry out after galic bolt is gathered if topdressing, be then easily caused the remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe underproduction。If field soil is more fertile, Bulbus Allii leaf hypertrophy color depth, then can not execute and expand fertilizer。In, late variety due to bolting evening, temperature is higher, receives and within general about 20～25 days, namely receives Bulbus Allii after a kind of sedge, therefore also can exempt to chase after and expand fertilizer。
2, water management:
1) neat seedling stage: general sowing 1 week is neat Seedling。After imposing neat seed manure, if field soil is more dry, can pour water 1 time, short Seedling growth。
2) Early seedling stage: Seedling Stage is the critical period of garlic nutrient Organ Differentiation and formation。Entering growth of seedling early stage after the neat Seedling of Bulbus Allii, owing to Qi Miaohou pours water 1 time, therefore the Yangtze river basin this phase of area wants Controlled irrigation also on the occasion of the period that autumn rain is more in addition, and notes the drainage works in field after autumn rain。
3) seedling middle and late stage: with before surviving the winter to moving back female end as mark。This stage is longer, also the important period of garlic nutrient growth just。Before surviving the winter, many local rainfalls significantly reduce。Soil is more dry, should water 1 time；After surviving the winter, temperature gos up gradually, and seedling initially enters again vigorous growth, should pour water in time, and to promote that Bulbus Allii leaf grows, cauloid increases thick。
4) peduncle-growing period for rapeseed: the leaf of garlic sprouts differentiation is all put on display, leaf area growth reaches peak, and root system has also expanded to maximum magnitude, and the growth of galic bolt is accelerated, and this phase is the period needing rich water amount maximum, and Ying Yu waters bolting water in time after chasing after pregnant a kind of sedge fertilizer。To water continuously after " existing tail ", with the short Seedling of water, until 2 to 3 talentes stop watering pouring water before receiving a kind of sedge, in order to storing。
5) Bulbus Allii expanding stage: galic bolt waters after gathering to promote that Bulbus Allii expands rapidly and increases weight immediately。Before results Bulbus Allii。Stopping in 5 days is watered, and controls growing way, promotes that the Assimilate in leaf portion accelerates to transport to Bulbus Allii。
3, middle weeding: in sowing to spray herbicide before emerging。Prometryn: to preventing and kill off the Herba Digitariae on Bulbus Allii ground, ash ash Lay, knotweed, Herba Setariae Viridis etc. effectively。The prometryn mu medication 100～150 grams of 50%。Simajine and G-30027: mu medication 120～240 grams。Weeding is led to: mu medication 35～6S gram。
Five, gather:
1, gather galic bolt。General galic bolt extracts sheath out, and when starting to get rid of curved, is the suitable time of collection galic bolt。Galic bolt yield and quality is had a significant impact by galic bolt of gathering sooner or later。Adopting a kind of sedge too early, yield is not high, frangibility, and commodity is poor；Adopt a kind of sedge too late, although yield can be improved, but consume too much nutrient, affect Bulbus Allii growth promoter；And galic bolt failure, fiber increases；Especially galic bolt base portion failure, can't bear edible。
Gather galic bolt preferably at fine day noon with in the afternoon carry out, now plant some wilt, sheath and galic bolt can be easily separated, and blade flexible, are not easily broken, can reduce and hinder leaf。If gathering galic bolt after rainy day or rain, plant fully absorbs water, galic bolt and blade poor toughness, very easily fractures。
Adopt a kind of sedge method should determine as the case may be。With galic bolt of gathering for main purpose, as tight in two water early Bulbus Allii sheaths, for obtaining high yield, dissectible or scratch cauloid with pin, galic bolt yield is high, quality is excellent, but after cauloid cuts open, plant is easily withered, and Bulbus Allii yields poorly, and fugitive lobe。To gather in the crops Bulbus Allii for main purpose, as cauloid should kept intact when Cangshan Bulbus Allii adopts a kind of sedge as far as possible, promote Bulbus Allii growth。When adopting a kind of sedge, general left hand is pinched in 3～4 leaf places and is hindered cauloid, and the right hand extracts galic bolt out。Though the method makes galic bolt yield slightly lower, but cauloid damaged is light, and plant is still kept upright state, is beneficial to Bulbus Allii and expands growth。
2, Bulbus Allii is received。After receiving galic bolt, 15～20 days (majority is 18 days) can receive Bulbus Allii。Optimum period, receives the mark of Bulbus Allii: blade is mostly withered, and upper blade fades into celadon, and blade tip dries up sagging, and cauloid is in soft condition, and Bulbus Allii grows up to substantially。Too late, Bulbus Allii is tender and washiness in collection, and tissue does not enrich, not full, easily shrivelled after storage；Too late, Bulbus Allii easily dissipates head, and when pulling out Bulbus Allii, garlic clove is easily scattered, and loses commodity value in collection。During collection Bulbus Allii, hard place application shovel digs, and directly pulls out with a hand softly。Transporting on field after playing Bulbus Allii, the Bulbus Allii leaf of a rear row rides on the head of previous row, only shines seedling, does not shine head, it is prevented that Bulbus Allii is burnt or turns green。After often stirring 2～3 days, stem and leaf dries can be preserved。
A kind of Bulbus Allii cultivating superior high-yield method proposed by the invention, the planting technology of standardization Bulbus Allii, improve the quality of Bulbus Allii and the yield of Bulbus Allii, good in economic efficiency, be suitable to promote。
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of Bulbus Allii cultivating superior high-yield method, it comprises the steps:
Three, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtained: Flos Daturae 2, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii 3, Radix Gentianae 3, Rhizoma Coptidis 1, Folium Perillae 1, Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii 1, Herba et Flos Pyrethri Cinerariifolii 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintain boiling time 3-6h, now leach solution A, every kilogram of A adds 50% fenisobromolate 200-300 gram, mixes to obtain the first insecticide；2, Flos Daturae prepared for previous step, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, Radix Gentianae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Folium Perillae, Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii, Herba et Flos Pyrethri Cinerariifolii are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, inject in this ground product containing 2% aqueous solution pressing down hooligan's cream again, the weight ratio of ground product and aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide；3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation；
Four, site preparation and fertilization: after current stubble crop harvesting, robbing stubble and plough, tilling depth to reach 20-25 centimetre, harrows in length and breadth carefully after ploughing, rakes, and makes topsoil pine thoroughly, has protected soil moisture content, in order to plantation；Execute high-quality barnyard manure 5000 kilograms 80 kilograms of soil insecticides of mixing for every mu before ploughing soil, do furrow after leveling rake is thin, apply quick-acting chemical fertilizer again after furrow face is flattened, 3-5 days prior to seeding, soil is sprayed first insecticide of 22%；
Three, seed selection and sowing:
1, seed selection and bubble kind: head is big, lobe is big, lobe is neat and representational Bulbus Allii in selection, and all to reject because of the root that goes rotten, damages by worms, macerates break lobe classification subsequently。It is generally divided into large, medium and small three grades, first broadcasts first order seed (hundred lobes weigh about 500 grams), then broadcast secondary seed (hundred lobes weigh about 400 grams), do not broadcast three grades of seeds in principle；It is immersed in second insecticide of 30% by the seed chosen after 16-18 hour to pull out and drains；
2, sowing: the seed after draining is sowed immediately, the most in good time phase of Bulbus Allii sowing is to make plant grow to 5～6 leaves before surviving the winter, and now plant cold hardiness is the strongest, will not be freezed to death winter in severe cold, and passes through vernalization for plant and lay good basis。The Yangtze river basin and areas to the south thereof, be typically in 9 months, the last ten-days period sowing。Yangtze river basin JIUYUE weather is felt nice and cool, and is suitable to Allium Sativum L and is unearthed and growth。As sowed too early, seedling before surviving the winter over growth and consume nutrient, then reduce winter cabbage, it is also possible to row vernalization again, cause diauxic growth, Second Year to form multiple lobe Bulbus Allii, reduce Garlic quality。Too late, then young plant is little, organizes tender, and root system is weak in sowing, and accumulation nutrient is less, and cold hardiness is relatively low, and period death of surviving the winter is many。So Bulbus Allii must strictly grasp sowing time。Bulbus Allii sowing Suitable depth is 3～4 centimetres, and line-spacing 20-22 centimetre, spacing in the rows 8-10 centimetre, mu plants 28000-35000 strain。It is sure not sowing overstocked or excessively rare, in order to avoid affecting yield and marketing quality。After broadcasting 5-7 days, every mu of use, if so 80-100 milliliter or execute field and mend 200 milliliters, was watered 100 kilograms and sprays。
Four, field management:
1, topdress: though Allium Sativum L trophophase has kind of a lobe nutrition, but for promoting growth of seedling, increase the room of plant, must topdress optimum period。Owing to the ability of garlic root absorption liquid manure is weak, therefore topdress and should execute quick-acting fertilizer, in order to avoid taking off fertile and occurring that blade tip turns to be yellow。Bulbus Allii is topdressed general 3～4 times, is divided into:
1) urge seed manure: after Bulbus Allii tidy seedlings output, execute 1 light night soil and carry Seedling, avoid and execute carbon ammonium, in case burn seedling。
2) contain and flesh up: after sow 60～80 days, the heavy dressing people's animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed for 1 time adds chemical fertilizer, carries on a shoulder pole for every mu 20～30, sulfur ammonium 10 kilograms, potassium sulfate or 5 kilograms of potassium chloride。Accomplishing that early-maturing variety early chases after, middle-late ripening variety chases after late, promotes that seedling growth is prosperous, and stem and leaf is sturdy, few yellow sharp or not yellow point during to rotten mother。
3) pregnant a kind of sedge is fertile: plant Bulbus Allii hurdle imperial mother, and bud and bulbil break up entrance scape elongating stage successively。The old aging of this phase, new root occurs in a large number, and stem and leaf and galic bolt also extend rapidly simultaneously, and Bulbus Allii also begins to slowly expand, thus needs nutrient many, answers heavy dressing available potassium, 10～15 kilograms of nitrogenous fertilizer (compound fertilizer is better)。Before existing tail, about first quarter moon, apply (short a kind of sedge that peelable Seedling observes cauloid bottom), to meet needs, promote that galic bolt pumping is fast, vigorous growth。
4) Bulbus Allii expands fertilizer: precocious and Early-mid ripening kind, owing to when Bulbus Allii expands, temperature is also not high；Bulbus Allii expanding stage is corresponding longer, for promoting that Bulbus Allii is loose, must impose available nitrogen potash fertilizer before galic bolt is gathered。As: nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer mu executes 5～10 kilograms, if singly executing carbamide, about 5 kilograms, it is impossible to impose too much, established garlic clove plumelet otherwise can be caused to turn green, coming into leaves again and consuming the nutrient of garlic clove。Topdress and should carry out before galic bolt is gathered, namely have abundant Nutrients uptake Bulbus Allii to expand after galic bolt is gathered。Carry out after galic bolt is gathered if topdressing, be then easily caused the remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe underproduction。If field soil is more fertile, Bulbus Allii leaf hypertrophy color depth, then can not execute and expand fertilizer。In, late variety due to bolting evening, temperature is higher, receives and within general about 20～25 days, namely receives Bulbus Allii after a kind of sedge, therefore also can exempt to chase after and expand fertilizer。
2, water management:
1) neat seedling stage: general sowing 1 week is neat Seedling。After imposing neat seed manure, if field soil is more dry, can pour water 1 time, short Seedling growth。
2) Early seedling stage: Seedling Stage is the critical period of garlic nutrient Organ Differentiation and formation。Entering growth of seedling early stage after the neat Seedling of Bulbus Allii, owing to Qi Miaohou pours water 1 time, therefore the Yangtze river basin this phase of area wants Controlled irrigation also on the occasion of the period that autumn rain is more in addition, and notes the drainage works in field after autumn rain。
3) seedling middle and late stage: with before surviving the winter to moving back female end as mark。This stage is longer, also the important period of garlic nutrient growth just。Before surviving the winter, many local rainfalls significantly reduce。Soil is more dry, should water 1 time；After surviving the winter, temperature gos up gradually, and seedling initially enters again vigorous growth, should pour water in time, and to promote that Bulbus Allii leaf grows, cauloid increases thick。
4) peduncle-growing period for rapeseed: the leaf of garlic sprouts differentiation is all put on display, leaf area growth reaches peak, and root system has also expanded to maximum magnitude, and the growth of galic bolt is accelerated, and this phase is the period needing rich water amount maximum, and Ying Yu waters bolting water in time after chasing after pregnant a kind of sedge fertilizer。To water continuously after " existing tail ", with the short Seedling of water, until 2 to 3 talentes stop watering pouring water before receiving a kind of sedge, in order to storing。
5) Bulbus Allii expanding stage: galic bolt waters after gathering to promote that Bulbus Allii expands rapidly and increases weight immediately。Before results Bulbus Allii。Stopping in 5 days is watered, and controls growing way, promotes that the Assimilate in leaf portion accelerates to transport to Bulbus Allii。
3, middle weeding: in sowing to spray herbicide before emerging。Prometryn: to preventing and kill off the Herba Digitariae on Bulbus Allii ground, ash ash Lay, knotweed, Herba Setariae Viridis etc. effectively。The prometryn mu medication 100～150 grams of 50%。Simajine and G-30027: mu medication 120～240 grams。Weeding is led to: mu medication 35～6S gram。
Five, gather:
1, gather galic bolt。General galic bolt extracts sheath out, and when starting to get rid of curved, is the suitable time of collection galic bolt。Galic bolt yield and quality is had a significant impact by galic bolt of gathering sooner or later。Adopting a kind of sedge too early, yield is not high, frangibility, and commodity is poor；Adopt a kind of sedge too late, although yield can be improved, but consume too much nutrient, affect Bulbus Allii growth promoter；And galic bolt failure, fiber increases；Especially galic bolt base portion failure, can't bear edible。
Gather galic bolt preferably at fine day noon with in the afternoon carry out, now plant some wilt, sheath and galic bolt can be easily separated, and blade flexible, are not easily broken, can reduce and hinder leaf。If gathering galic bolt after rainy day or rain, plant fully absorbs water, galic bolt and blade poor toughness, very easily fractures。
Adopt a kind of sedge method should determine as the case may be。With galic bolt of gathering for main purpose, as tight in two water early Bulbus Allii sheaths, for obtaining high yield, dissectible or scratch cauloid with pin, galic bolt yield is high, quality is excellent, but after cauloid cuts open, plant is easily withered, and Bulbus Allii yields poorly, and fugitive lobe。To gather in the crops Bulbus Allii for main purpose, as cauloid should kept intact when Cangshan Bulbus Allii adopts a kind of sedge as far as possible, promote Bulbus Allii growth。When adopting a kind of sedge, general left hand is pinched in 3～4 leaf places and is hindered cauloid, and the right hand extracts galic bolt out。Though the method makes galic bolt yield slightly lower, but cauloid damaged is light, and plant is still kept upright state, is beneficial to Bulbus Allii and expands growth。
2, Bulbus Allii is received。After receiving galic bolt, 15～20 days (majority is 18 days) can receive Bulbus Allii。Optimum period, receives the mark of Bulbus Allii: blade is mostly withered, and upper blade fades into celadon, and blade tip dries up sagging, and cauloid is in soft condition, and Bulbus Allii grows up to substantially。Too late, Bulbus Allii is tender and washiness in collection, and tissue does not enrich, not full, easily shrivelled after storage；Too late, Bulbus Allii easily dissipates head, and when pulling out Bulbus Allii, garlic clove is easily scattered, and loses commodity value in collection。During collection Bulbus Allii, hard place application shovel digs, and directly pulls out with a hand softly。Transporting on field after playing Bulbus Allii, the Bulbus Allii leaf of a rear row rides on the head of previous row, only shines seedling, does not shine head, it is prevented that Bulbus Allii is burnt or turns green。After often stirring 2～3 days, stem and leaf dries can be preserved。
A kind of Bulbus Allii cultivating superior high-yield method proposed by the invention, the planting technology of standardization Bulbus Allii, improve the quality of Bulbus Allii and the yield of Bulbus Allii, good in economic efficiency, be suitable to promote。
Claims (1)
1. a Bulbus Allii cultivating superior high-yield method, it comprises the steps:
One, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtained: Flos Daturae 2, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii 3, Radix Gentianae 3, Rhizoma Coptidis 1, Folium Perillae 1, Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii 1, Herba et Flos Pyrethri Cinerariifolii 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintain boiling time 3-6h, now leach solution A, every kilogram of A adds 50% fenisobromolate 200-300 gram, mixes to obtain the first insecticide；2, Flos Daturae prepared for previous step, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, Radix Gentianae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Folium Perillae, Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii, Herba et Flos Pyrethri Cinerariifolii are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, inject in this ground product containing 2% aqueous solution pressing down hooligan's cream again, the weight ratio of ground product and aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide；3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation；
Two, site preparation and fertilization: after current stubble crop harvesting, robbing stubble and plough, tilling depth to reach 20-25 centimetre, harrows in length and breadth carefully after ploughing, rakes, and makes topsoil pine thoroughly, has protected soil moisture content, in order to plantation；Execute high-quality barnyard manure 5000 kilograms 80 kilograms of soil insecticides of mixing for every mu before ploughing soil, do furrow after leveling rake is thin, apply quick-acting chemical fertilizer again after furrow face is flattened, 3-5 days prior to seeding, soil is sprayed first insecticide of 22%；
Three, seed selection and sowing:
1, seed selection and bubble kind: head is big, lobe is big, lobe is neat and representational Bulbus Allii in selection, and all to reject because of the root that goes rotten, damages by worms, macerates break lobe classification subsequently；It is immersed in second insecticide of 30% by the seed chosen after 16-18 hour to pull out and drains；
2, sowing: the seed after draining is sowed immediately, Bulbus Allii sowing the most in good time phase be make plant grow to 5～6 leaves, the Yangtze river basin and areas to the south thereof before surviving the winter, be typically in 9 months, the last ten-days period sowing；Bulbus Allii sowing Suitable depth is 3～4 centimetres, and line-spacing 20-22 centimetre, spacing in the rows 8-10 centimetre, mu plants 28000-35000 strain；After broadcasting 5-7 days, every mu of use, if so 80-100 milliliter or execute field and mend 200 milliliters, was watered 100 kilograms and sprays；
Four, field management:
1, topdress: topdress and should execute quick-acting fertilizer, in order to avoid taking off fertile and occurring that blade tip turns to be yellow；Bulbus Allii is topdressed general 3～4 times, is divided into:
1) urge seed manure: after Bulbus Allii tidy seedlings output, execute 1 light night soil and carry Seedling, avoid and execute carbon ammonium；
2) contain and flesh up: after sow 60～80 days, the heavy dressing people's animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed for 1 time adds chemical fertilizer, carries on a shoulder pole for every mu 20～30, sulfur ammonium 10 kilograms, potassium sulfate or 5 kilograms of potassium chloride；
3) pregnant a kind of sedge is fertile: 10～15 kilograms of heavy dressing available potassium, nitrogenous fertilizer；Apply about first quarter moon before existing tail；
4) Bulbus Allii expands fertilizer: imposes available nitrogen potash fertilizer before galic bolt is gathered, topdresses and should carry out before galic bolt is gathered；
2, water management:
1) neat seedling stage: after imposing neat seed manure, if field soil is more dry, can pour water 1 time, short Seedling growth；
2) Early seedling stage: enter growth of seedling early stage after the neat Seedling of Bulbus Allii, owing to Qi Miaohou pours water 1 time, therefore the Yangtze river basin this phase of area wants Controlled irrigation also on the occasion of the period that autumn rain is more in addition, and notes the drainage works in field after autumn rain；
3) seedling middle and late stage: with before surviving the winter to moving back female end as mark；This stage is longer, also the important period of garlic nutrient growth just；Before surviving the winter, many local rainfalls significantly reduce；Soil is more dry, should water 1 time；
4) peduncle-growing period for rapeseed: water bolting water after chasing after pregnant a kind of sedge fertilizer in time；To water continuously after " existing tail ", with the short Seedling of water, until 2 to 3 talentes stop watering pouring water before receiving a kind of sedge, in order to storing；
5) Bulbus Allii expanding stage: galic bolt waters after gathering to promote that Bulbus Allii expands rapidly and increases weight immediately；Results Bulbus Allii stops watering for first 5 days；
3, middle weeding: in sowing to spray herbicide before emerging；Prometryn: to preventing and kill off the Herba Digitariae on Bulbus Allii ground, ash ash Lay, knotweed, Herba Setariae Viridis etc. effectively；The prometryn mu medication 100～150 grams of 50%；Simajine and G-30027: mu medication 120～240 grams；Weeding is led to: mu medication 35～6S gram；
Five, gather:
1, gather galic bolt；General galic bolt extracts sheath out, and when starting to get rid of curved, is the suitable time of collection galic bolt；Galic bolt of gathering at fine day noon and carries out in the afternoon；
2, Bulbus Allii is received；Within 15～20 days, Bulbus Allii can be received after receiving galic bolt；Optimum period, receives the mark of Bulbus Allii: blade is mostly withered, and upper blade fades into celadon, and blade tip dries up sagging, and cauloid is in soft condition, and Bulbus Allii grows up to substantially；Transporting on field after playing Bulbus Allii, the Bulbus Allii leaf of a rear row rides on the head of previous row, only shines seedling, does not shine head, it is prevented that Bulbus Allii is burnt or turns green；After often stirring 2～3 days, stem and leaf dries can be preserved。
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| CN107047002A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-08-18 | 王维智 | A kind of high yield garlic method for cultivating seeds |
| CN107396740A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-11-28 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | A kind of summer culture method of garlic |
| CN107787797A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-03-13 | 杨佳林 | A kind of cultivation method of garlic |
| CN107896892A (en) * | 2017-11-18 | 2018-04-13 | 渠县金穗农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of garlic bolt |
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| CN107926575A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-04-20 | 四川才阁机械有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of shallot |
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