CN109618802A - A kind of implantation methods of Chinese gooseberry garden interplanting semen viciae fabae - Google Patents

A kind of implantation methods of Chinese gooseberry garden interplanting semen viciae fabae Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109618802A
CN109618802A CN201910120953.4A CN201910120953A CN109618802A CN 109618802 A CN109618802 A CN 109618802A CN 201910120953 A CN201910120953 A CN 201910120953A CN 109618802 A CN109618802 A CN 109618802A
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China
Prior art keywords
viciae fabae
semen viciae
chinese gooseberry
soil
mus
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CN201910120953.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
倪正斌
孙红芹
万林生
孙明法
严国红
唐红生
朱国永
王爱民
刘凯
张桂云
施伟
赵绍路
孙标
孙一标
宛伯杰
朱静雯
代金英
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Jiangsu Institute of Coastal Area Agricultural Sciences
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Jiangsu Institute of Coastal Area Agricultural Sciences
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Priority to CN201910120953.4A priority Critical patent/CN109618802A/en
Publication of CN109618802A publication Critical patent/CN109618802A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of implantation methods of Chinese gooseberry garden interplanting semen viciae fabae, the invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of Chinese gooseberry garden interplanting semen viciae fabae, include the following steps: to include semen viciae fabae seed selection and processing, sowing, fertilizer and water management, plant management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, timely collecting and etc., by early period to soil, the sterilization processing of seed and initial planting, significantly reduce the incidence of orchard pest and disease damage, base manure needed for rationally applying Kiwi berry fruit tree, substantially improve the crop producing power in soil, scientific and reasonable fertilizer and water management significantly improves the emergence rate and growth rate of semen viciae fabae, cooperate later period broad bean stalk returning to the field, substantially improve the crop producing power in orchard soil, and compared to traditional Chinese gooseberry garden, reduce hardened degree, substantially increase income.This method interplants semen viciae fabae in Chinese gooseberry garden, make full use of the water of Chinese gooseberry garden, soil, light, thermal resource, the ventilation and penetrating light of fruit tree is not influenced, semen viciae fabae can increase ground mulching and inhibit weed growth, the activity of soil enzyme is improved simultaneously, broad bean stalk returning to the field increases the soil organism, reduce herbicide, the application of chemical fertilizer, guarantee the quality of Kiwi berry, increase the economic benefit in orchard, using this implantation methods, less investment, it is quick, existing economic well-being of workers and staff can be reduced the investment of chemicals again, Chinese gooseberry garden early investment is solved simultaneously not return greatly, middle and later periods takes in single problem.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of Chinese gooseberry garden interplanting semen viciae fabae
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology fields, and in particular to the implantation methods of Chinese gooseberry garden interplanting semen viciae fabae.
Background technique
Kiwi berry (scientific name: Actinidia chinensis Planch), also referred to as Chinese grooseberry, fruit shape are generally ellipticity, Early stage appearance is in green and brown color, is in bronzing after mature, and epidermis covers dense villus, and pulp is in bright green, golden yellow or red, Seed is small, black or red, because macaque is fond of, therefore named Kiwi berry；It is that a kind of quality is fresh and tender, full of nutrition, flavor is delicious Fruit.Soft, the sweet mouthfeel of Kiwi berry.Taste is described as the mixing of strawberry, banana, pineapple three.Kiwi berry battalion It supports and enriches, contain actinidine, proteolytic enzyme, tannin pectin, carbohydrate and vitamin C abundant, citric acid, malic acid, rouge Outside 17 kinds of amino acid of fat and needed by human body, also containing mineral nutritions and microelements such as calcium, potassium, selenium, zinc, germanium.
Kiwi berry commercialization cultivation in China's starts from last century the nineties, and the development by more than 20 years has become the world Kiwi berry production and consumption big country.It 2016, about 1,430,000 mu of China's Kiwifruit Culture area, produces about 1,200,000 tons per year, is distributed in 21 provinces (city, area), it is Shaanxi, Henan, Sichuan, Hunan, Jiangxi that yield, which ranks forefront five, Zhan Quanguo yield in total 92.27%.China Kiwi berry market has the space of huge consumption potential and market development, produces and sells form happiness People, market manifestation is quite active, is the maximum consumption market in the whole world, other than oneself production Kiwi berry has a small amount of outlet, often 30,000 tons of net importation of year is to meet the market demand.Inland of China have become Asia Kiwi berry consume fastest-rising consumption market it One.
Fresh food semen viciae fabae industry is a swift and violent new industry of developed recently, eats semen viciae fabae raw with the tender seed of green bean and supplies market, Have many advantages, such as that the big grain of pod is big, fresh food quality is good, market is in great demand and suitable freeze cutting.Since fresh food semen viciae fabae has nutrition rich It is rich, protein content is high, fresh and sweet feature sweet in flavor, there are also treat taste not the illnesss such as key, oedema the effect of, therefore it is deep by vast The favor of consumer.Yangtze River Delta city and Japan, the Southeast Asia common people have the habit for being fond of fresh semen viciae fabae, only Japanese annual frozen fresh broad bean Import volume has large market up to 5.0 ten thousand tons.Fresh food semen viciae fabae has become the people lifes such as China Southeastern Coastal Cities and Japan In required vegetable protein supply source.Semen viciae fabae has become the important autumn sowing summer crops in Jiangsu Province, and long-term sown area is about 100000 hectares, wherein especially larger with Qidong Haimen cultivated area of Yancheng City, Nantong City.With the depth of the structural readjustment of rural industry Enter, semen viciae fabae planting industry has tentatively realized the industrialized development based on eating raw, and product is in addition to meeting local need, fresh pod master Sell to the large- and-medium size cities such as Shanghai, quick-frozen fresh seed sells to Japan and other countries.This project can not only increase the confession of early spring Vegetable Market Give, and can promote employment, drive local farmers increase wealth, therefore will push Jiangsu and to periphery province eat raw semen viciae fabae phase The spanning development of pass industry.Chinese gooseberry garden interplants the research and development of semen viciae fabae implantation methods, reforms agriculture supply side and promote orchard worker It increases income with certain realistic meaning, it has also become the emphasis of cultivating and growing extending application.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods of Chinese gooseberry garden interplanting semen viciae fabae, this method It can not only guarantee the quality of peach, and be able to ascend the economic benefit and ecological benefits of kiwi fruit tree garden.
In order to solve the above technical problems, a kind of implantation methods of Chinese gooseberry garden interplanting semen viciae fabae of the present invention, including following step It is rapid:
1) site preparation selects topography flat, well-drained Chinese gooseberry garden, and the actinidia tree rake of soil deep ploughing in the ranks is thin whole It is flat, in conjunction with actinidia tree top dressing, ditch away from tree root 50-60cm along line direction, row replacement semen viciae fabae base manure: biological organic fertilizer 1500kg/ Hm2,45% ternary compound fertilizer 900kg/hm2, ditch of ploughing the first furrow as a guideline among actinidia tree row, dead furrow depth 60cm, width 50cm are to drain；
2) choose seeds and handle: the strong Vicia Faba of selection high yield, high-quality, premunition is soaked seed before sowing using immersion liquid；
3) sow: plantation amount is 4.5-5kg/ mus, spacing in the rows 15-20cm, line-spacing 30-35cm, more sowings, and depth is 6-8cm；
4) fertilizer and water management: after planting converting 10 times of pre- water distributions using 150-200kg/ mus of well-rotted farmyard manures and pour as fertilizer solution and apply, And one layer of plant ash is shed, it pours within every 3-4 days later and applies primary until adding 3- in Xiang Shangshu fertilizer solution when there is 6-7 piece true leaf 3.5kg/ mus of ammonium bicarbonate, 2-3kg/ mus of calcium magnesium phosphate, 1.5-2kg/ mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, which pour, to be applied once, in flower pod Phase, add in Xiang Shangshu fertilizer solution 3-4kg/ mus of ammonium bicarbonate, 3-4kg/ mus of calcium magnesium phosphate, 3-4kg/ mus of potassium dihydrogen phosphate into Row, which pours, to be applied, and is poured within every 10-15 days and is applied once；
5) plant manages: in due course removing stem, invalid branch, extracts the top heart, earth up in conjunction with tillage and weeding；
6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: after planting 1-2 days spraying 200 times of liquid of high fat film, every 5 days later are spraying primary, and altogether by spraying 3 It is secondary, for a variety of semen viciae fabae common disease and pests that growth period occurs, sprayed in time using corresponding chemical medicament at the initial stage of a disease Mist prevention and treatment；
7) timely collecting: it is full to beanpod, it can be picked when pod type is slightly downward.
8) straw-returning after last batch of semen viciae fabae is picked, is smashed broad bean stalk with rotary cultivator immediately and is ploughed deeply directly also Field improves orchard soil structure, increases organic matter supply；
9) fruit tree management, kiwi fruit tree garden interplant semen viciae fabae, actinidia tree and semen viciae fabae symbiosis phase, actinidia tree training, flower thinning, set Bag, top dressing are carried out according to Routine Management.
The above method interplants semen viciae fabae in Chinese gooseberry garden, makes full use of water, soil, light, the thermal resource of Chinese gooseberry garden, not shadow The ventilation and penetrating light of fruit tree is rung, semen viciae fabae can increase ground mulching and inhibit weed growth, while improve the activity of soil enzyme, and winter is also It gives, actinidia tree has heat insulation effect.Broad bean stalk returning to the field increases the soil organism, reduces the application of herbicide, chemical fertilizer, protects The quality for demonstrate,proving Kiwi berry, increases the economic benefit in orchard, using this implantation methods, less investment is quick, and existing economic well-being of workers and staff is again It can be reduced the investment of chemicals, while solving Chinese gooseberry garden early investment and not returning greatly, the middle and later periods takes in single problem.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail.
In Yancheng of Jiangsu Province Tinghu District jasper Kiwi berry development corporation, Ltd. kiwi fruit tree garden, silkworm is interplanted using Chinese gooseberry garden Beans implantation methods, its step are as follows:
1) jasper Kiwi berry development corporation, Ltd. kiwi fruit tree garden topography is flat, and draining is good, grittiness loam, area 2hm2, Within 2017 that peach is planted third year, kind is jasper Kiwi berry, actinidia tree line-spacing 300cm, spacing in the rows 200cm, will in the ranks soil it is deep The thin leveling of rake is ploughed, in conjunction with peach top dressing, away from tree root 50cm along row North and South direction trench digging basal dressing: biological organic fertilizer 1500kg/ hm2, 45% ternary compound fertilizer 900kg/hm2, ditch of ploughing the first furrow as a guideline among actinidia tree row, dead furrow depth 60cm, width 50cm are to drain；
2) choose seeds and handle: the strong Vicia Faba of selection high yield, high-quality, premunition is soaked seed before sowing using immersion liquid；
3) sow: plantation amount is 4.5-5kg/ mus, spacing in the rows 15-20cm, line-spacing 30-35cm, monoseeding, and depth is 6-8cm；
4) fertilizer and water management: after planting converting 10 times of pre- water distributions using 150-200kg/ mus of well-rotted farmyard manures and pour as fertilizer solution and apply, And one layer of plant ash is shed, it pours within every 3-4 days later and applies primary until adding 3- in Xiang Shangshu fertilizer solution when there is 6-7 piece true leaf 3.5kg/ mus of ammonium bicarbonate, 2-3kg/ mus of calcium magnesium phosphate, 1.5-2kg/ mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, which pour, to be applied once, in flower pod Phase, add in Xiang Shangshu fertilizer solution 3-4kg/ mus of ammonium bicarbonate, 3-4kg/ mus of calcium magnesium phosphate, 3-4kg/ mus of potassium dihydrogen phosphate into Row, which pours, to be applied, and is poured within every 10-15 days and is applied once；
5) plant manages: in due course removing stem, invalid branch, extracts the top heart, earth up in conjunction with tillage and weeding；
6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: after planting 1-2 days spraying 200 times of liquid of high fat film, every 5 days later are spraying primary, and altogether by spraying 3 It is secondary, for a variety of semen viciae fabae common disease and pests that growth period occurs, sprayed in time using corresponding chemical medicament at the initial stage of a disease Mist prevention and treatment；
7) timely collecting: it is full to beanpod, it can be picked when pod type is slightly downward.
8) straw-returning after last batch of semen viciae fabae is picked, is smashed broad bean stalk with rotary cultivator immediately and is ploughed deeply directly also Field improves orchard soil structure, increases organic matter supply；
9) fruit tree management, kiwi fruit tree garden interplant semen viciae fabae, actinidia tree and semen viciae fabae symbiosis phase, actinidia tree training, flower thinning, set Bag, top dressing are carried out according to Routine Management.
The above method interplants semen viciae fabae in Chinese gooseberry garden, makes full use of water, soil, light, the thermal resource of Chinese gooseberry garden, not shadow The ventilation and penetrating light of fruit tree is rung, semen viciae fabae can increase ground mulching and inhibit weed growth, while improve the activity of soil enzyme, and winter is also It gives, actinidia tree has heat insulation effect.Broad bean stalk returning to the field increases the soil organism, reduces the application of herbicide, chemical fertilizer, protects The quality for demonstrate,proving Kiwi berry, increases the economic benefit in orchard, using this implantation methods, less investment is quick, and existing economic well-being of workers and staff is again It can be reduced the investment of chemicals, while solving Chinese gooseberry garden early investment and not returning greatly, the middle and later periods takes in single problem.
This method effectively promotes the multiple crop index and mixed economy output of kiwi fruit tree garden, solves kiwi fruit tree garden soil and moves back The problem of change, does not take in early period, and the later period takes in single problem and kiwi fruit tree garden ecologic planting Green Development.To agricultural Supply side reform and promotion orchard worker increase income with certain realistic meaning.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of implantation methods of Chinese gooseberry garden interplanting semen viciae fabae, comprising the following steps:
1) site preparation selects topography flat, well-drained Chinese gooseberry garden, and the actinidia tree rake of soil deep ploughing in the ranks is carefully flattened, In conjunction with actinidia tree top dressing, ditch away from tree root 50-60cm along line direction, row replacement semen viciae fabae base manure: biological organic fertilizer 1500kg/hm2、 45% ternary compound fertilizer 900kg/hm2, ditch of ploughing the first furrow as a guideline among actinidia tree row, dead furrow depth 60cm, width 50cm are to drain；
2) choose seeds and handle: the strong kind of selection high yield, high-quality, premunition is soaked seed before sowing using immersion liquid；
3) sow: plantation amount is 4.5-5kg/ mus, spacing in the rows 15-20cm, line-spacing 30-35cm, more sowings, depth 6- 8cm；
4) it fertilizer and water management: 10 times of pre- water distributions after planting is converted using 150-200kg/ mus of well-rotted farmyard manures is poured as fertilizer solution and applied, and thrown One layer of plant ash is spilt, pours within every 3-4 days later and applies primary until adding 3- in Xiang Shangshu fertilizer solution when there is 6-7 piece true leaf 3.5kg/ mus of ammonium bicarbonate, 2-3kg/ mus of calcium magnesium phosphate, 1.5-2kg/ mu of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, which pour, to be applied once, in flower pod Phase, add in Xiang Shangshu fertilizer solution 3-4kg/ mus of ammonium bicarbonate, 3-4kg/ mus of calcium magnesium phosphate, 3-4kg/ mus of potassium dihydrogen phosphate into Row, which pours, to be applied, and is poured within every 10-15 days and is applied once；
5) plant manages: in due course removing stem, invalid branch, extracts the top heart, earth up in conjunction with tillage and weeding；
6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: after planting 1-2 days spraying 200 times of liquid of high fat film, every 5 days later spraying primary, by spraying 3 times altogether, right In a variety of semen viciae fabae common disease and pests that growth period occurs, prevented by spraying in time using corresponding chemical medicament at the initial stage of a disease It controls；
7) timely collecting: it is full to beanpod, it can be picked when pod type is slightly downward.
8) straw-returning smashes broad bean stalk with rotary cultivator immediately and ploughs deeply direct returning to farmland, change after last batch of semen viciae fabae is picked Good fruit Orchard Soil structure increases organic matter supply；
9) fruit tree management, kiwi fruit tree garden interplant semen viciae fabae, actinidia tree and semen viciae fabae symbiosis phase, actinidia tree training, flower thinning, bagging, Top dressing is carried out according to Routine Management.
CN201910120953.4A 2019-01-29 2019-01-29 A kind of implantation methods of Chinese gooseberry garden interplanting semen viciae fabae Pending CN109618802A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110352821A (en) * 2019-07-25 2019-10-22 江西省科学院生物资源研究所 A kind of implantation methods of red kiwi fruit interplanting lupin
CN112673745A (en) * 2020-12-14 2021-04-20 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 Method for improving soil by interplanting rape in orchard
CN112970497A (en) * 2019-12-13 2021-06-18 黔东南苗族侗族自治州农业科学院 Planting method for interplanting broad beans in orange orchard
CN113115692A (en) * 2021-03-29 2021-07-16 湖南省作物研究所 Method for interplanting rice and beans under forest to serve as summer green manure

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110352821A (en) * 2019-07-25 2019-10-22 江西省科学院生物资源研究所 A kind of implantation methods of red kiwi fruit interplanting lupin
CN112970497A (en) * 2019-12-13 2021-06-18 黔东南苗族侗族自治州农业科学院 Planting method for interplanting broad beans in orange orchard
CN112673745A (en) * 2020-12-14 2021-04-20 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 Method for improving soil by interplanting rape in orchard
CN113115692A (en) * 2021-03-29 2021-07-16 湖南省作物研究所 Method for interplanting rice and beans under forest to serve as summer green manure

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Application publication date: 20190416