CN101258825A - Purple soil slope land abandoned land young economic fruit and green manure collocation forestation method - Google Patents
Purple soil slope land abandoned land young economic fruit and green manure collocation forestation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101258825A CN101258825A CNA2008100311908A CN200810031190A CN101258825A CN 101258825 A CN101258825 A CN 101258825A CN A2008100311908 A CNA2008100311908 A CN A2008100311908A CN 200810031190 A CN200810031190 A CN 200810031190A CN 101258825 A CN101258825 A CN 101258825A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention provides a method of forestation by positioning young economic forest and fruit trees with green manures on purple soil slope lands and abandoned lands. The method comprises the steps that: (1) economic forest and fruit tree species which adapt to acidic, neutral and calcareous purple soil are selected as planting species; (2) leguminous green manure species with large coverage degree are selected to be intercropped with the economic forest and fruit trees; (3) contour lands preparation is adopted to construct into terraces, base fertilizer is added abundantly, the fruit trees are planted and the green manures are dibbled; (4) the green manure species that absorbing more P and K from soil are planted on terrace walls and surfaces, then fresh grass is cut and buried on the terrace surfaces. The method of the invention adopts the economic forest and fruit tree species which adapt to acidic, neutral and calcareous purple soil as the planting species, and the leguminous green manure species with large coverage degree are selected to be intercropped with the economic forest and fruit trees, thus the fruit trees can realize high yield without any irrigation but just relying on rainfall; besides, the green manure species that absorbing more P and K in the soil are planted on the terrace walls and surfaces and fresh grass is cut and buried on the terrace surfaces, which can avoid decrease of P and K content in the soil, thereby realizing the effects of promoting yield increase of the fruit trees, improving the soil and adding soil nutrition of varied green manures.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of purple soil slope land abandoned land economic forest method of forestation, especially relate to a kind of purple soil slope land abandoned land young economic fruit and green manure collocation forestation method.
Background technology
Purple mound hillock, China south, forest cover is sparse, and parent rock is exposed mostly, and soil layer is very thin, lacks organic, nitrogen, and forestation planting grass is very difficult, and the soil is uncultivated in a large number, severe water and soil erosion, water and soil loss easily takes place in the many heavy rains of spring and summer; Volt high temperature and drought in autumn, fruit tree is not having under the irrigation conditions, is subject to arid harm.
People such as model Huaming select Chinese chestnut, a kind of apple Lee, jujube tree, kiwi fruit 4 planting fruit-trees and crotalaria mucronata, cowpea, 3 kinds of green manure of Cassia occidentalis and blank to carry out random arrangement at the granite corrosion area, obtain 16 kinds of different configuration modes.By fruit tree suitability, growth, solid situation and the Evaluation on effect of improving the soil to different configuration modes, the principle of laying equal stress on according to ecological benefits, economic benefit, make the optimization model selection with the method for principal component analysis, think best (Jiangxi Prov. Water and Soil Conservation Science Research Inst. of comprehensive benefit of Chinese chestnut+crotalaria mucronata, Chinese chestnut+cowpea, kiwi fruit+crotalaria mucronata, 4 kinds of configuration modes of a kind of apple Lee+cowpea, " granite corrosion area water and soil conservation plant optimum organization and benefit research thereof " seminar, 1995.11).
This technology is fit to granite area, Jiangxi, and to increasing the granite soil organic matter and nitrogen, conserving water and soil has the certain significance.But it is thin that Chinese chestnut, the kiwi fruit selected are not suitable for soil layer, not drought-resistant purple soil hillock.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective that prior art exists, provide a kind of the needs to irrigate, rely on just energy high yield of rainfall, be applicable to that soil layer is thin, not drought-resistant purple soil hillock slope land abandoned land young economic fruit and green manure collocation forestation method.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions, it may further comprise the steps: (1) selects to be adapted to the economic fruit seeds of acidity, neutrality, calcareous purple soil as planting seeds; (2) the big leguminous green manure kind of selection cover degree, and economic forest fruit tree is planted configuration between carrying out; (3) contour whole ground builds up ladder soil, uses sufficient base manure, the selected fruit tree seedlings of planting, the selected green manure seed of a kind program request (fruit tree enters the main product after date, then plants green manure between not, covers and use straw instead); (4) plantation of terraced wall and tread absorbs phosphorus in the soil, green manure kind that potassium is many, and cuts green grass or young crops and be embedded in tread.
The described preferred Chinese tallow tree of economic fruit seeds that is adapted to acidity, neutrality, calcareous purple soil, jujube tree, a kind of apple Lee, persimmon etc.
The leguminous green manure kind that described cover degree is big, preferred crotalaria mucronata, India's cowpea, coronule flower, daghestan sweet clover etc.
Phosphorus, potassium green manure how in the described absorption soil, preferred coronule flower etc.
In the arid area, preferably use an amount of water-loss reducer during whole ground.
The economic fruit seeds that the present invention owing to select is adapted to acidity, neutrality, calcareous purple soil are as planting seeds, and select the big leguminous green manure kind of cover degree to plant between carrying out with the economic forest fruit tree, do not need to irrigate, and rely on rainfall, and fruit tree is the energy high yield just; Absorb phosphorus in the soil, potassium green manure kind how at terraced wall and tread plantation, cut green grass or young crops and be embedded in tread, the problem that can avoid phosphorus in the soil, potassium content to descend takes place, and realizes that various green manure all have the effect that promotes fruit tree to increase production, improve the soil, increase soil nutrient.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
(1) select Chinese tallow tree, jujube tree, a kind of apple Lee, persimmon as planting seeds; (2) kind pattern between selection leguminous green manure kind crotalaria mucronata, India's cowpea, coronule flower, daghestan sweet clover, and Chinese tallow tree, jujube tree, a kind of apple Lee, persimmon are formed 16 kinds: Chinese tallow tree+crotalaria mucronata Chinese tallow tree+cowpea, Chinese tallow tree+daghestan sweet clover, Chinese tallow tree+coronule flower, jujube tree+crotalaria mucronata, jujube tree+cowpea, jujube tree+daghestan sweet clover, jujube tree+coronule flower, a kind of apple Lee+crotalaria mucronata, a kind of apple Lee+cowpea, a kind of apple Lee+daghestan sweet clover, a kind of apple Lee+coronule flower, persimmon+crotalaria mucronata, persimmon+cowpea, persimmon+daghestan sweet clover, persimmon+coronule flower; (3) contour whole ground builds up ladder soil, and 4m * 5m beats the cave by seeding row spacing, uses sufficient base manure, every hm
2Bury water-loss reducer (there is sale in market) 500kg, the fruit tree of planting, program request green manure; (4) plant coronule flower of terraced wall and tread, and cut cyanines and be embedded in tread.Described Chinese tallow tree, a kind of apple Lee, jujube tree all suit to acid purple soil, neutral purple soil, calcareous purple soil.Described persimmon optimum soil is pH6.5～6.8, and is best with neutral purple soil, and acid purple soil is planted and should be used fused calcium magnesium phosphate, and plant on the calcareous purple soil green manuring and superphosphate are to reduce acid-base value.
Below introduce the effect of improving the soil of the various green manure of embodiment, fruit tree growth situation and different configurations.
(1) the plant growing situation of different configuration modes
(1) green manure growing state
The young economic fruits such as ground Chinese tallow tree, jujube tree, a kind of apple Lee, persimmon of the neutral purple soil in well village, Tan Zi mountain town being conceded the land in 2003 dispose with green manure crotalaria mucronata, India's cowpea, daghestan sweet clovers, coronule flower, have investigated the green manure growing state, the results are shown in Table 1.
The biological scale of the green manure herbage of the different configuration modes of table 1
By table 1 as seen, variant with a kind of green manure its biomass under different economic fruits, 4 kinds of green manure are all to interplant in jujube tree sylvan life biomass maximum, and interplanting is less at a kind of apple Lee sylvan life biomass, and this is that the season of growth is with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion because a kind of apple Japanese plum hat is bigger, crown density are big, reduced the irradiation of sunlight to green manure, and the jujube tree branch is rarer, tree crown is less, Ye Jing is also less, it is more that sunlight sees through tree crown, thereby a kind of apple Lee sylvan life green manure biomass is less, and jujube tree sylvan life green manure biomass is bigger.But variance analysis shows that under the different fruit tree conditions, 4 kinds of green manure biomass differences of interplanting are not remarkable.
Different cultivars green manure volume variance is obvious, and bright careless output reaches 53.82t/hm with the crotalaria mucronata maximum
2, the daghestan sweet clover minimum is 22.59t/hm
2, crotalaria mucronata is 2.38 times of daghestan sweet clover, India's cowpea, coronule are spent between two parties, are respectively 33.96t/hm
2And 33.36t/hm
2Green manure output height helps improving the soil, and improves soil organic matter content, promotes the fruit tree growth.Economic fruit is interplanted this 4 kinds of leguminous green manures, if being purple shale, purple sand shale waste, soil grows, then should select crotalaria mucronata, coronule flower, India's cowpea, growth forms if soil is purple sandstone waste, then should select daghestan sweet clover, coronule flower to make green manure, because these 2 kinds of green manure plants are barren-resistant, under the condition of soil difference, still can well-grown.
(2) fruit tree growth situation
The height of tree, the hat width of cloth, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground are the leading indicators of expression fruit tree growth amount.As can be seen from Table 2, interplanting green manure has obvious promotion growth result to economic fruit.From fruit tree relative growth gesture, various green manure promote the amplitude of growth to be respectively 22.13～38.33%, 10.99～29.25%, 20.35～34.64%, 12.05～22.52% to a kind of apple Lee, Chinese tallow tree, jujube tree, persimmon.Really the growth effect is very remarkable to show green manure promotion woods, but finds out that also green manure promotes the effect of growth that difference is arranged to children fruit tree in age, and the effect of spending with interplanting India cowpea, crotalaria mucronata, coronule is bigger, and the effect of daghestan sweet clover is less.Green manure has bigger relation to the size of fruit tree growth facilitation with soil fertility, the soil organic matter and nitrogen content height, and the effect of green manure is very not remarkable; Soil fertility is low, and especially the soil organic matter and nitrogen content are low, then the more remarkable effect of green manure.Regional hillside fields purple soil organic matter and nitrogen content are low in the Hunan, so interplanting green manure promotes that the fruit tree growth effect is obvious.
The fruit tree growth amount of the different configuration modes of table 2
Illustrate: 1, standardization is the maximum standardization of branch seeds; 2, the relative growth gesture of Mode A, B, C, D=(3+5+7)/3
(3) fruit tree situation as a result
A kind of apple Lee began to bear fruit in the back of planting on the 2nd year, beginning fruit rate 46%, and a kind of apple Lee who does not interplant green manure is high by 6%; Jujube tree, persimmon are the 3rd year beginning fruit of planting, and beginning fruit rate is respectively 39%, 58%, and jujube tree, the persimmon of not interplanting green manure be high by 8% respectively, 4%; , Chinese tallow tree plants and blossomed and had seeds in the 4th year, the rate of setting seeds is 59%, does not interplant the high by 7% of green manure.
(2) improved effect of different configuration mode soil
By table 3 as seen, various configuration modes all have bigger increase effect to the soil organic matter, full nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and general increasing degree reaches 37.83～65.41%, 113.73～145.10%, 4.13～23.92% respectively.Soil quick-effective phosphor, available potassium and alkali total amount also obviously increase.Because the root system of the soil organic matter and plant increases, and the bulk density of soil is obviously descended, thereby improved the soil environment condition for the growth of fruit tree and green manure.
Interplanting green manure helps the physicochemical property of improving the soil, and the green manure biomass is high more, and the effect of improving the soil is good more.Crotalaria mucronata, India's cowpea all need program request every year; Generally program request was once again every 2 years for daghestan sweet clover; Coronule spends the life-span to reach 60 years, and annual branch can long 2m, and joint on the branch and soil are pressed close to and the concurrent branch that makes new advances of can taking root, so but once continuous utilization of the coronule seeds of flowering plants.
The different configuration mode soil physical and chemical properties of table 3
(3) coronule Hua Quan garden covers, and cuts cyanines and turns over the pressure tread
The orchard planting coronule is spent 2 years, and soil ammonium content increases, but soil quick-effective phosphor, available potassium reduce 2.8mg/kg and 23.1mg/kg respectively, and this is relevant greatly with coronule flower suction phosphorus, potassium amount.After adopting tread, the full garden of terraced wall kind coronule flower, cutting cyanines and all be embedded in around the fruit tree, soil quick-effective phosphor, potassium content stop not fall, and slightly rise.This is because rapid available phosphorus, the potassium that the coronule flower absorbs from tread, terraced wall all is returned to ladder soil.
(4) embodiment conclusion (of pressure testing)
1. from green manure output, spend with jujube tree+crotalaria mucronata, jujube tree+India's cowpea, jujube tree+daghestan sweet clover, jujube tree+coronule that to plant pattern green manure output between 4 kinds the highest.Because the jujube tree branches and leaves are little, solar ray energy passes tree crown irradiation green manure.
2. from fruit tree growth, with kind pattern between 4 kinds of Chinese tallow tree+India's cowpeas, jujube tree+daghestan sweet clover, a kind of apple Lee+India's cowpea, persimmon+India's cowpea, fruit tree growth is best.
3. the plantation of India's cowpea, crotalaria mucronata, daghestan sweet clover, coronule flower both can be improved the soil, and the better economic income is arranged again, can also use as the forage plant stock keeping.4 kinds of green manure output are all high, and wherein crotalaria mucronata, India's cowpea, daghestan sweet clover, coronule spend bright careless output to be respectively 53.80t/hm
2, 33.93t/hm
2, 22.59t/hm
3, 33.36t/hm
2The subterraneous root amount is respectively 13.50t/hm
2, 15.88t/hm
2, 2.22t/hm
2, 14.66t/hm
2Daghestan sweet clover is year autumn sowing earlier, and begin to bloom in May, second, can cradle buddingging before to make feed or bury green grass or young crops, and New Development emerges that stalk do not cut to July also can be withered, so can really not strive moisture with woods lying prostrate the autumn arid season; Though bright careless output and subterraneous root amount are not as good as other 3 kinds of green manure, but drought resisting, barren-resistant ability are strong, need only just energy normal growth of the thick soil layer of 5cm, so ground of conceding the land in the soil fertility difference, daghestan sweet clover still can import woods and really interplant among the green manure, bright careless output of other 3 kinds of green manure and subterraneous root amount are all high, are the good green manure plants of the fertile interplanting of fruit.These 4 kinds of green manure can both normal growth at acid purple soil, neutral purple soil, calcareous purple soil, can promote at various purple soil areas.
4. Chinese tallow tree, a kind of apple Lee, jujube tree all suit to acid purple soil, neutral purple soil, calcareous purple soil; Persimmon (sweet persimmon) optimum soil acidity or alkalinity is pH6.5～6.8, and best with neutral purple soil, acid purple soil is planted and should be used fused calcium magnesium phosphate, plants on the calcareous purple soil and answers green manuring and superphosphate, to reduce acid-base value.
5. jujube tree+crotalaria mucronata, jujube tree+India's cowpea, jujube tree+daghestan sweet clover, jujube tree+coronule spend between 4 kinds that to plant the configuration mode management more extensive, damage by disease and insect is few, economic benefit, ecological benefits are all relatively good, purple soil concede the land and should all have higher promotional value in economic fruit purple soil mountain waste.
6. owing to all kinds of purple soil massif natural conditions differences, other patterns also have advantage separately, should suit measures to local conditions to select for use.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of purple soil slope land abandoned land young economic fruit and green manure collocation forestation method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: (1) selects to be adapted to the economic fruit seeds of acidity, neutrality, calcareous purple soil as planting seeds; (2) the big leguminous green manure kind of selection cover degree, and economic forest fruit tree is planted configuration between carrying out; (3) contour whole ground builds up ladder soil, uses sufficient base manure, the selected fruit tree seedlings of planting, the selected green manure seed of a kind program request; (4) plantation of terraced wall and tread absorbs phosphorus in the soil, green manure kind that potassium is many, and cuts green grass or young crops and be embedded in tread.
2, purple soil slope land abandoned land young economic fruit according to claim 1 and green manure collocation forestation method, it is characterized in that, in described (1) step, the economic fruit seeds that are adapted to acidity, neutrality, calcareous purple soil are Chinese tallow tree, jujube tree, a kind of apple Lee, persimmon.
3, purple soil slope land abandoned land young economic fruit according to claim 1 and 2 and green manure collocation forestation method is characterized in that, in described (2) step, the leguminous green manure kind that cover degree is big is crotalaria mucronata, India's cowpea, coronule flower, daghestan sweet clover.
4, purple soil slope land abandoned land young economic fruit according to claim 1 and 2 and green manure collocation forestation method is characterized in that, in described (4) step, phosphorus, potassium green manure kind how are the coronule flower in the absorption soil.
5, purple soil slope land abandoned land young economic fruit according to claim 3 and green manure collocation forestation method is characterized in that, phosphorus, potassium green manure kind how are the coronule flower in the described absorption soil.
6, purple soil slope land abandoned land young economic fruit according to claim 1 and 2 and green manure collocation forestation method is characterized in that, in described (3) step, during site preparation and fertilization, also are affixed by water-loss reducer.
7, purple soil slope land abandoned land young economic fruit according to claim 3 and green manure collocation forestation method is characterized in that, in described (3) step, during site preparation and fertilization, also are affixed by water-loss reducer.
8, purple soil slope land abandoned land young economic fruit according to claim 4 and green manure collocation forestation method is characterized in that, in described (3) step, during site preparation and fertilization, also are affixed by water-loss reducer.
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| CN102172156A (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2011-09-07 | 谢庭生 | Method for building orchard via building soil at bare purple rock sloping fields |
| CN102246681A (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2011-11-23 | 黄必录 | Wild-simulated culture method of persimmon trees |
| CN102948320A (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2013-03-06 | 北京林业大学 | Method for determining appropriate intercropping distance between crops and fruit trees of fruit tree and crop composite system |
| CN104488396A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-04-08 | 刘中奇 | Interplanting and reclamation method of agro-fruits in dump of open pit coal mine in arid area |
| CN104541916A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-04-29 | 芜湖恒诺能源技术有限公司 | Method for planting vegetables and fruits in improved sloping fields |
| CN104541646A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-29 | 广东烟草清远市有限公司 | Method for improving tobacco-planting soil in south purple soil drought sloping land |
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| CN105248226A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-01-20 | 蚌埠市水森林生态农业科技园 | Method for improving survival rate of fruit trees planted on sloping field |
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| CN102172156A (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2011-09-07 | 谢庭生 | Method for building orchard via building soil at bare purple rock sloping fields |
| CN102246681A (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2011-11-23 | 黄必录 | Wild-simulated culture method of persimmon trees |
| CN102948320A (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2013-03-06 | 北京林业大学 | Method for determining appropriate intercropping distance between crops and fruit trees of fruit tree and crop composite system |
| CN102948320B (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2014-05-07 | 北京林业大学 | Method for determining appropriate intercropping distance between crops and fruit trees of fruit tree and crop composite system |
| CN104488396A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-04-08 | 刘中奇 | Interplanting and reclamation method of agro-fruits in dump of open pit coal mine in arid area |
| CN104541646A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-29 | 广东烟草清远市有限公司 | Method for improving tobacco-planting soil in south purple soil drought sloping land |
| CN104541646B (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2018-02-23 | 广东烟草清远市有限公司 | A kind of method for improveing Purple Soil in South China arid hillside field tobacco-growing soil |
| CN104541916A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-04-29 | 芜湖恒诺能源技术有限公司 | Method for planting vegetables and fruits in improved sloping fields |
| CN105103927A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2015-12-02 | 谢庭生 | Ridge-furrow planting method for preventing and controlling desertification of southern granite red earth drought farmland |
| CN105103927B (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2017-11-10 | 谢庭生 | The furrow implantation methods of southern granite red dry cropland sand prevention and control |
| CN105248226A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-01-20 | 蚌埠市水森林生态农业科技园 | Method for improving survival rate of fruit trees planted on sloping field |
| CN105918035A (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-09-07 | 伊春林业科学院 | Intercropping method for Rlbes nigrum |
| CN110063192A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-07-30 | 湖南省森林植物园 | A kind of method of Rocky Desertification Region plant Symplocos tetagona |
| CN111418299A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-07-17 | 华东师范大学 | Farmland soil phosphorus improvement method |
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