CN104137720A - Pinellia ternate cultivation method by means of small greenhouse covering, deep seeding and condensed planting - Google Patents
Pinellia ternate cultivation method by means of small greenhouse covering, deep seeding and condensed planting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pinellia ternate cultivation method by means of small greenhouse covering, deep seeding and condensed planting. The pinellia ternate cultivation method includes: seed stem section and seed stem storage; land selection and land preparation; seed stem treatment; plantation including determination of planting amount and planting time, bed preparation, watering, fertilization, plantation, mulching film covering and small greenhouse covering; land management. The pinellia ternate cultivation method by means of small greenhouse covering, deep seeding and condensed planting has the advantages that acre yield, output-input ratio and drying ratio of pinellia ternate can be increased substantially, the area for artificial cultivation is enlarged, planting risks are alleviated, planting benefit of farmers is guaranteed, rural income is increased, more medicinal herbs resources are provided for the market, reliance on picking and digging of wild resources is lowered, the wide resources of the pinellia ternate can be protected and rehabilitated effectively, population of the pinellia ternate can be enlarged, and social benefits and ecological benefits are remarkable.
Description
technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese herbal medicine planting technology field, particularly rare traditional Chinese medicine tuber of pinellia small arched shed covers and seed deeplys the method for planting culture.
background technology
The tuber of pinellia is perennial herb, is important traditional Chinese medicine, main product in Gansu, the province such as Sichuan, Hubei, Henan.Township's publicity and the dissemination activities organizing committee of the Ministry of Agriculture's special product of China issue certificate and board, and name Xihe County is " township of the Chinese tuber of pinellia ".
Although tuber of pinellia resource is distributed more widely, but because its circulation way is single, percentage of seedgermination is extremely low, reserves are less, tuber of pinellia ecotope has a very large change in recent years, cause tuber of pinellia wild resource sharply to reduce, the wild change of tuber of pinellia man kind, expanding cultivation scale is the unique channel that solves tuber of pinellia medicine source.Over thousands of pharmacy corporation of China be take the tuber of pinellia more than the 500 kind of Chinese patent drug that be main material production, and consumption figure continues to increase, and annual requirement is 5500 tons of left and right.Domestic Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae output is declining year by year, and main cause is the extensive indiscriminate mining and serious waste of producing region broad masses, causes the tuber of pinellia to be difficult to breeding regeneration, and wild resource is close to exhaustion.Meanwhile, the development of the artificial planting tuber of pinellia lags behind, and 2009-2012 annual production is in 2000-2500 ton left and right.Artificial cultivation tuber of pinellia technical sophistication, planting cost is high, and the multinomial technical indicator peasants such as the environment in tuber of pinellia growth and development process, temperature, illumination, moisture, soil, fertilizer are difficult for grasping, and cause the underproduction or total crop failure, and benefit is low; Plant minimum will could the plantation again in plot of the tuber of pinellia after 3-5, have the basic ground of plantation can plant the plot of the tuber of pinellia also fewer and feweri; Tuber of pinellia plantation adopts stem tuber breeding, and when market is in short supply, peasant is just processed into the tuber of pinellia stem tuber of reserving seed for planting the sale of the commodity tuber of pinellia in order to sell upper high price, causes subsequent production to lack provenance.Because the price of tuber of pinellia stem tuber is very high, cultivated area is atrophy year by year, output glides year after year, tuber of pinellia price is from 22 yuan every kilogram in 2002, to 55 yuan in 2009, and 120 yuan in 2010, when the highest 135 yuan, within 2012, price slightly falls after rise, estimates that tuber of pinellia price will go up in the future, and market development has a high potential.
Planting over the past two years with every kilogram, fresh stem tuber is 40-45 unit, by every mu, with kind of a 150kg, plant stem cost in 6000-6750 unit left and right, add transportation, leased land, fertilizer, farming, plantation, manage, excavate, the cost such as processing, every mu is about 4000 yuan of left and right, and totle drilling cost is between 10000-10750.Output is about the fresh stem tuber 360kg of per mu yield, to give money as a gift than 3:1, and output dried food and nuts 120kg, by 105 yuan every kilogram, 12600 yuan of sale volumes, remove cost, every mu of net profit 1850-2600 unit.If meet the impacts such as arid, hail, damage by disease and insect, cause the underproduction, very likely loss of capital.Tuber of pinellia general planting technical costs is high, output is low, have a big risk.
Tuber of pinellia general planting technology mainly be take the outdoor plantation of the drill seeding as main, and mu is with planting generally at the fresh stem tuber of 100-150kg() left and right, planting depth is at 5-7cm.
Conventional method tuber of pinellia thickness of sowing is on the low side at present, yields poorly, and simultaneously because sowing is too shallow, suffers from drought serious, and urgent need can significantly improve per mu yield, improves the tuber of pinellia planting technology of mu income.The present invention, by testing for many years, adopts increase thickness of sowing, increase sowing depth significantly to improve density, and plastic mulching adds little shed covering and heats soil moisture conservation, accelerates growth rate, significantly improves output, increases farmers' income.
summary of the invention
On the low side in order to solve current conventional method tuber of pinellia thickness of sowing, the problem yielding poorly, the object of the invention is to provide a kind of tuber of pinellia small arched shed to cover and seed deeply the method for planting culture.Evidence, adopts the present invention can significantly improve the tame output of the tuber of pinellia, increases planting benefit, so that the artificial planting of the spread tuber of pinellia more provides tuber of pinellia medicine source, the wild resource of the protection tuber of pinellia, increases farmers' income.
The object of the invention is to reach by the following technical solutions:
Tuber of pinellia small arched shed covers and seed deeplys a method for planting culture, and its step comprises:
1 kind of stem is selected, is preserved
1.1 kinds of stems are selected
With strange land, adjust kind as well, selecting kind of stem is Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae, and kind diameter stem is at 1.5-0.6cm, with after autumn the stem tuber that produced for well;
1.2 kinds of stem storages
Airing kind stem, and admix 80% carbendazim, 1,800 ten thousand unit agricultural streptomycins, before and after the Beginning of Winter, temperature is stable can enter winter sand while being down to 5 ℃-6 ℃ and store sth. in a cellar, and within 2-3 days before storing sth. in a cellar, digs cellar for storing things, and cellar for storing things is ash or lime disinfection for inwall;
The whole ground of 2 selection of lands
Before selection of land, stubble is advisable for crops such as corn, beans, wheats, and illumination is sufficient, and height above sea level is 1670 meters, and average temperature of the whole year is 8.4 ℃, 533.9-680 millimeters of annual rainfalls, 1200 millimeters of evaporation discharge <; 2200-2698.0 ℃ of >=10 ℃ of effective accumulated temperature, 140-160 days frost-free seasons, 33.5 ℃ of the extreme highest temperatures, extreme lowest temperature-24.6 ℃;
Before winter, plot was ploughed deeply, broken up the clods, remove weeds, stone, perennial root and other foreign material, every mu applies the fertilizer becoming thoroughly decomposed, and every mu applies superphosphate simultaneously.
3. turn over a year sowing
3.1 kinds of stems are processed
Kind stem is above by 1.2cm, 0.6-1.2cm, 0.6cm carry out classification below, with the about 8-10 hour of emerge in worm water, pulls draining out, pack gunnysack or cloth bag into, put into greenhouse vernalization, keep 15-20 ℃ of temperature, after one week, start to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and sprout, 25 ℃ of warm water sprinkling tuber of pinellia of early, middle and late three use of every natural gift;
3.2 sowing
Do furrow, 1.2cm plants the dark 15-19cm of stem furrow above, the dark 13-15cm of 0.6-1.2cm kind stem furrow, 0.6cm is with the dark 9-12cm of stem furrow that sows, and each furrow piece 3.5-4.5kg kind stem is evenly sprinkled into, and puts even, eye upward, is planted stem well by classification and is sowed respectively, the same classification kind stem of sowing in same furrow.Finally the earthen backfill of digging out is entered in furrow; Then water, fertilising, epiphragma and take small arched shed;
4. field management
4.1 management of emerging
When 50% tuber of pinellia is emerged, slightly open small arched shed two morning, mulch film is uncovered to fraction simultaneously, the experienced seedling that leaks informaton, cover evening;
4.2 row irrigation
After mulch film removes, select fine day morning or water at dusk, watering and can add tpn, Tuzet, carbendazim, mancozeb broad-spectrum germicide;
4.3 topdress
In the full production season of the tuber of pinellia, along with watering, can apply thin liquid dung, cake fertilizer and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the urea that have become thoroughly decomposed;
4.4 weeding
Tuber of pinellia time of infertility, weeding should be early;
4.5 pluck flower bud
When bud appears in half summer sporelings (of laminaria), extract in time;
4.6 shade
Temperature of shed is high, and on small arched shed film, the willow branch of dispenser band leaf or acacia branch carry out part and shade;
4.7 remove canopy film
Temperature of shed can reach 30-35 ℃, now leaks informaton, and can open small arched shed cover film;
4.8 ridging
The tuber of pinellia can constantly produce new bulbil in growth season, should earth up in time;
4.9 prevent down seedling
In furrow, on ground, covering wheat straw is cut or wheat bran;
4.10 seedling management
Fall and to weed out the rank grass between seedling stage, water in time, in conjunction with watering, can water and execute people and animals' liquid dung and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea with water, promote strong sprout;
5. gather, process
5.1 excavate the time
Excavate the tuber of pinellia and locating to affix one's name to during White Dew, at the beginning of last ten-days period to 9 August time month;
5.2 excavate method
With iron palladium, in one end of furrow, up prize the earth of digging, while digging, shake off the soil on tuber of pinellia stem tuber, the stem tuber of rejecting deformity and feeling like jelly and damaging brokenly.
The beneficial effect of advantage of the present invention and generation:
Adopt the present invention; the tuber of pinellia can significantly improve per mu yield and input-output ratio and the ratio of giving money as a gift; expand tuber of pinellia artificial planting area, alleviate Planting risk, guarantee peasant planting benefit; increase farmers' income; for market provides more multiple medicines source, reduce its wild resource is excavated to dependence, tuber of pinellia wild resource can be effectively protected and rehabilitate; population expanded, social benefit and ecological benefits are remarkable.Overview the present invention, the three aspects: that technological innovation major embodiment is following: first the present invention adopts dense planting mode: economize the land resource; Reduce space between strain, suppress weed growth; By dense planting, tuber of pinellia cauline leaf connects naturally, forms earth's surface shade environment; Dense planting shade environment reduces evaporation of soil moisture amount, improves efficiency of water application.Secondly the present invention increases than the conventional seed planting degree of depth, increases the growth length of stem stalk in soil, is conducive to multiform strain bud, improves output; Deep soil moisture is stable, strong drought resistance, and antecedent soil moisture can make the tuber of pinellia stop growing; Seed deeply rear maternal plant and the layering of strain bud is clear, have space separately, Nutrient Absorption is abundant.The 3rd is that little shed is conducive to improve temperature in early spring, keeps ground moistening to accelerate early growth speed, increases the tuber of pinellia effective vegetative period, significantly improves output.
Economic benefit of the present invention is huge, and after spread, producing region peasant can get rich by the plantation tuber of pinellia.The present invention has now implemented plantation more than 200 mu in planting base, more than fresh output 1640kg/ mu, give money as a gift than reaching 2.6:1, more than producing dried food and nuts 630kg/ mu.Its economic benefit is good, and gross earnings are more than 5.9 ten thousand yuan/mu, removes 1.9 ten thousand yuan/mu of costs, and net earnings is more than 40,000 yuan/mu.Be equivalent to plant 40 times of wheat.This technology is adapted at the ground application such as Gansu, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guizhou.
Embodiment
Embodiment
Tuber of pinellia small arched shed covers and seed deeplys a method for planting culture, and its step comprises:
1 kind of stem is selected, is preserved
1.1 kinds of stems are selected
Tuber of pinellia species involved in the present invention really refer to the aroid tuber of pinellia (
pinellia ternata(Thunb.) Breit.) the present embodiment selects kind of stem to be produced wild species stem by Jingmen, Hubei.Produce after autumn, plant diameter stem at 1.5-0.6cm, with plastics textile bag, be distributed into 50kg/ bag; Plant stem in long-distance transport process, divide and be spread in a single layer, ventilate, without extruding;
1.2 kinds of stem storages
Planting stem transports to behind destination, outdoor airing immediately, airing thickness≤5cm, airing on daytime, pack up evening, within airing 2-3 days, until kind of a stem, reaches 8 one-tenth and screen out assorted soil when dry, reject rot, go mouldy, catch an illness, impurity, deformity, incomplete half summer sowing stem, every 200kg half summer sowing stem is admixed 80% carbendazim 300-500 gram, the 1800 ten thousand agricultural streptomycin 20-32 gram of unit; Can airing when overcast and rainy indoor, spread thickness≤10cm, every 7 days, stir airing once, temperature is stable before and after waiting the Beginning of Winter can enter winter sand while being down to 5 ℃-6 ℃ and store sth. in a cellar;
When sand stores sth. in a cellar, first select the place of hidding and sunny side to take storage cellar, cellar for storing things is deeply at 100-120cm.Long * wide is 1.4 * 2 meters, can store 250kg half summer sowing stem for general every 1 cubic metre.Within 2-3 days before storing sth. in a cellar, dig cellar for storing things, cellar for storing things is ash or lime disinfection for inwall;
While storing sth. in a cellar, with husky, hide, select thin river sand, agglomerating to hold, gently shake loose to open and be advisable; With sand: native 3:1 ratio is admixed thin dry ground, mix rear use 80% powder of carbendazim thoroughly and shift to an earlier date 2-3 days and admix sterilization; By one deck sandy soil one deck tuber of pinellia, put into cellar for storing things, Jiao Ding will leave 20cm space, and top layer lid layer sandy soil, cover top layer with maize straw, will dig out all backfills of soil, makes spheroidal, with cornstalk, stays a ventilation hole.
The whole ground of 2 selection of lands
2.1 selection of land
Selection of land, in Shi Li village, Shi Li township, Xihe County, has irrigation condition, and traffic convenience, does not have pollution source, soil property moistening fertile, preserve moisture and fertility is stronger, soil layer is deep, is sandy loam.Area is 2 mu.Front stubble is advisable for wheat.Local illumination is sufficient, and height above sea level is 1670 meters, and average temperature of the whole year is 8.4 ℃, 533.9-680 millimeters of annual rainfalls, 1200 millimeters of evaporation discharge <; 2200-2698.0 ℃ of >=10 ℃ of effective accumulated temperature, 140-160 days frost-free seasons, 33.5 ℃ of the extreme highest temperatures, extreme lowest temperature-24.6 ℃; The solanaceous crops of should not choosing seeds, did not plant the tuber of pinellia within 3-5.
2.2 whole ground
Before winter, plot was ploughed deeply, broken up the clods, remove weeds, stone, perennial root and other foreign material, apply the fertilizer becoming thoroughly decomposed simultaneously.Organic manure is selected sheep excrement, cow dung, rabbit excrement, uses fertilizer 4000-6000kg for every mu, and wherein fertilizer 2500kg is used as base manure, and all the other stackings are become thoroughly decomposed in order to the coming year as base fertilizer.When whole ground, apply base manure, every mu applies superphosphate 80-120kg simultaneously.
3. turn over a year sowing
3.1 kinds of stems are processed
At rainwater, between the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), select fine weather, trip out and store sth. in a cellar the tuber of pinellia, screen out sandy soil, sort out kind stem rotten, that go mouldy, catch an illness,, 0.6-1.2cm, 0.6cm following Three Estate above by 1.2cm carries out classification.After classification, carry out immediately vernalization; Before vernalization, with the about 8-10 hour of emerge in worm water, pull draining out, pack gunnysack or cloth bag into, put into greenhouse vernalization, keep 15-20 ℃ of temperature, after one week, start to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and sprout; In vernalization process, can make alternating temperature and process, keep 20-25 ℃ of high temperature daytime, reduce temperature evening and keep 8-10 ℃; 25 ℃ of warm water sprinkling tuber of pinellia of early, middle and late three use of every natural gift in vernalization process, keep tuber of pinellia surface moisture; The bud that the kind stem of processing like this sends is strong and large.When kind of stem reveals the existing 0.3cm of bud, can sow, before sowing, need kind of a stem disinfection, with 800 times of immersion kind 15-20 minute of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, drain rear sowing.
3.2 sowing
Seeding quantity: adopt dense planting mode, every mu with kind of a stem (fresh kind of stem) 300-400kg.
Sowing time: the sowing time is chosen in half summer sowing stem vernalization and shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally after existing bud and carry out, sowing in ice crust, the general time is 1-5 between day in March.
Do furrow: leveling plot before sowing, rake is thin, makes the furrow piece of 3.3 * 1.8 meters, be north-south, furrow spacing 35cm, furrow are divided into 3 kinds by kind of a stem size deeply: 1.2cm plants the dark 15-19cm of stem furrow above, the dark 13-15cm of 0.6-1.2cm kind stem furrow, 0.6cm, with the dark 9-12cm of stem furrow that sows, does flat at the bottom of furrow.Zuo Qi limit, limit is broadcast, while doing previous row furrow, first soil in furrow is ploughed under in next line furrow, after having sowed by earthen backfill.
Water: carry out after furrow, in each furrow piece, with spilling kettle, be evenly spilled into 20kg water, supplement plot soil moisture content.
Fertilising: carry out after furrow, by each furrow piece, first apply 0.4-0.8kg diammonium phosphate, 0.1-0.3kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate, then apply the fertilizer that 20-40kg has become thoroughly decomposed.During by whole ground, apply base manure, fertilizer is evenly distributed in plow layer, applies base fertilizer during sowing;
Sowing: each furrow piece 3.5-4.5kg kind stem is evenly sprinkled into, puts evenly, and eye upward, is planted stem well by classification and sowed respectively, the same classification kind stem of sowing in same furrow.Finally the earthen backfill of digging out is entered in furrow, fill and lead up.After planting 1.2cm plants above the stem degree of depth and reaches 14cm, the 0.6-1.2cm kind stem degree of depth 12 cm, and 0.6 cm is with the stem degree of depth 9 cm that sow.Broadcast rear earthing;
Epiphragma: sowed after blinding 2 meters of wide agricultural mulchings of furrow cover (or covering with two stacks of 1.2 meter film), mulch film stretches to be paved, and surrounding is pressed with soil is light;
Lid small arched shed: complete after mulch film, furrow piece is made 0.9 meter of high small arched shed in left and right with half film of 6 * 3 meters of bluenesss with bamboo chip and covered, surrounding compacting, every furrow piece is bound stone as film-pressing line with 3 iron wire two, fixes small arched shed.
By above method, finish after furrow, do next furrow, with the many furrow of a line, can carry out simultaneously.
4. field management
4.1 management of emerging
Take off mulch film: after planting have within 30 days, can emerge, seedling-growing time is early April.After emerging, examine, when whole furrow have 50% tuber of pinellia to emerge, slightly open small arched shed two morning, mulch film is uncovered to fraction simultaneously, the experienced seedling that leaks informaton, again cover evening, after the week, all takes mulch film off, continues to cover tightly small arched shed;
The hardening of leaking informaton: after waiting seedling all to all sprout, when outside air temperature is stabilized in 15-20 ℃, can be chosen in the fine day hardening of progressively leaking informaton morning, the degree of leaking informaton is by ascending principle, first from two, open morning, cover evening, while waiting half summer sporelings (of laminaria) to adapt to external environment completely, can all decontrol small arched shed evening on daytime, when if ambient temperature is too high, decontrols small arched shed both sides and strengthen ventilation cooling; When hypothermic phase leaks informaton, note late frost and cold current weather, prevent from suffering freeze injury.In canopy, humidity is excessive can leak informaton in advance;
4.2 row irrigation
After mulch film is removed, can be chosen in fine day morning or at dusk appropriateness water, water the water yield few, to pour into soil 5cm, be deeply advisable, while watering, can not water flood, avoid in the morning at 11 and water between at 4 in afternoon.In the full production season of the tuber of pinellia, according to soil moisture content, water in time moistening, can spray after waiting small arched shed to withdraw.Water at every turn and can add 50% tpn wetting powder 200g/ mu, pre-disease prevention occurs.During excessive rainfall, to note draining, in furrow, not want long ponding;
4.3 topdress
In the full production season of the tuber of pinellia, along with watering, can apply the thin liquid dung, cake fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the urea etc. that have become thoroughly decomposed.Topdress for the first time after the first tenday period of a month in May neat seedlings, every mu applies 500 kilograms of 1:3 people and animals liquid dungs, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10kg; In late May, use 1000 kilograms of 1:3 people and animals liquid dungs for every mu for the second time, 20 kilograms, the cake fertilizer of becoming thoroughly decomposed, urea 10kg; At the beginning of 7 months, use 1000 kilograms of 1:3 people and animals liquid dungs, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15kg, urea 10kg for every mu for the third time; The 4th inferior to early August, uses 1000 kilograms of 1:5 people and animals liquid dungs, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15kg for every mu.Often sprinkle and water thin people and animals' liquid dung, favourable maintenance ground moistening, promotes tuber of pinellia growth, plays the effect of volume increase.While topdressing, avoid and execute urea more, when urea is gathered in the crops to the later stage after executing more, seedling is easily turned green, and is unfavorable for the accumulation of dry matter, has a strong impact on the output of the tuber of pinellia.
4.4 weeding
Tuber of pinellia time of infertility, weeding should be early, and weeds are harsh pulls out while going out in time.Do not advise using chemical herbicide to remove weeds.
4.5 pluck flower bud
When bud appears in half summer sporelings (of laminaria), extract in time, for must make nutrient concentrate on underground stem tuber, reduce the consumption of nutrient, promote stem tuber growth, be beneficial to volume increase.
4.6 shade
Mid-June, temperature is higher, and temperature of shed reaches 28 ℃, and the tuber of pinellia has the phenomenon of falling seedling 3 times in breeding time, after seedling, again sends new talent, causes the undue consumption of nutrient.Can be on small arched shed film before not removing small arched shed the willow branch of dispenser band leaf or acacia branch carry out part and shade, prevent that the phenomenon of falling seedling from occurring, degree of shading is about 30%, extends the interval of falling seedling, the minimizing number of times of falling seedling.
4.7 remove canopy film
At extraneous temperature stabilization, during at 20-25 ℃, temperature of shed can reach 30-35 ℃, now leaks informaton, and can open small arched shed cover film, adjacent two canopy films can be removed to be placed between same furrow and pack up.But open film and do not remove bamboo chip, when being hail weather as thunderous in extreme weather, object again covers in time upper greenhouse, avoid suffering hail to beat or again cover and reduce furrow internal water accumulation and the long-time water logging of the tuber of pinellia when the continuously long-time rainy day, improve ground temperature, alleviate rot and occur.Extreme weather should be removed canopy film later in time.
4.8 ridging
The tuber of pinellia can constantly produce new bulbil in growth season, and part bulbil can form on ground or be created in leaf base, grows to a certain degree and can drop to earth's surface.Therefore should earth up in time.Full production, should carry out 3 ridgings season, the time of ridging is for the first time to start May 4, is to start June 5 for the second time, for the third time July 15.During ridging, get between furrow earth culture in tuber of pinellia petiole bottom, each thickness is at 1.5-2cm.And after earthing, furrow face, higher than aisle between furrow, is conducive to later stage draining during excessive rainfall, prevents furrow internal water accumulation.The growth later stage does not earth up again.
4.9 prevent down seedling
When outside air temperature reaches 28-35 ℃, due to high temperature and strong illumination, the tuber of pinellia is " seedling " very easily.Keeping furrow face moistening, postpone the withered time of tuber of pinellia overground part as far as possible, is the important measures that improve tuber of pinellia output.Now can in furrow, on ground, cover and cut up with a hay cutter into long wheat straw or the wheat bran in 3cm left and right, thickness is at 1-1.5cm.Cover and effectively to delay or to reduce the tuber of pinellia and fall seedling, relatively extended vegetative period, the photosynthesis phase is prolongation relatively also, photosynthetic product accumulates more in stem tuber, the stem tuber that produces is looked greatly, output is high, and the plot weeds that the later stage covers obviously reduce, and the incidence of leaf spot significantly reduces.Sprinkling irrigation water reduction ground temperature is also a kind of anti-down seedling measure in good time.In the middle and later periods, also can spray plant corpus and inhale inhibitor solution of sodium bisulfite, anti-" seedling ".
4.10 seedling management
The tuber of pinellia has emerging and the phenomenon of falling seedling of 2 times or 3 times for 1 year, falls after seedling and also again grows in a few days new talent.Fall and if any grass, pull out between seedling stage as far as possible, not with hoe weeding, in order to avoid hinder seedling.If the ground drought after seedling of falling can be watered in time, in conjunction with watering, can water and execute people and animals' liquid dung and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea with water, promote strong sprout.
5. gather
5.1 excavate the time
Collecting time is to start August 15.
5.2 excavate method
One end with iron palladium at furrow digs, and preferably from bottom, firmly up prizes the earth of digging.While digging, shake off the soil on tuber of pinellia stem tuber, the tuber of pinellia of trembling after soil is piled together, concentrate and screen out again once soil, note the stem tuber of rejecting deformity and feeling like jelly and damaging brokenly.
The fresh product tuber of pinellia of this example amount is 3200kg, and output dried food and nuts total amount is 1200kg, and selling price is that every kg105 is first, and gross earnings are 126000 yuan, remove 38500 yuan of costs, and net earnings is 87500 yuan.Average every mu of fresh output is 1600kg, and per mu yield dried food and nuts is 600kg, and net earnings is 43750 yuan, and economic benefit is extremely remarkable.
Plant according to a conventional method tuber of pinellia 20m simultaneously
2for contrast, with kind of the fresh stem tuber of 3kg(), amount to kind of a 100.05kg for mu, planting depth is at 6cm.Covering with plastic film, does not take small arched shed.Other methods of operating are with embodiment 1.Fresh output 8.4kg, dried food and nuts output 2.7kg, amounts to per mu yield fresh output 278.7 kg, mu dried food and nuts output 90 kg, the rate of giving money as a gift is 3.1:1.
By contrast, the present invention significantly improves tuber of pinellia per mu yield and input-output ratio and the ratio of giving money as a gift, and expands tuber of pinellia artificial planting area, and social benefit and ecological benefits are remarkable.
Claims (1)
1. tuber of pinellia small arched shed covers and seed deeplys a planting culture method, comprises the steps:
1). plant stem and select, preserve
1.1 kinds of stems are selected
With strange land, adjust kind as well, selecting kind of stem is Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae, and kind diameter stem is at 1.5-0.6cm, with after autumn the stem tuber that produced for well;
1.2 kinds of stem storages
Airing kind stem, and admix 80% carbendazim, 1,800 ten thousand unit agricultural streptomycins, before and after the Beginning of Winter, temperature is stable can enter winter sand while being down to 5 ℃-6 ℃ and store sth. in a cellar, and within 2-3 days before storing sth. in a cellar, digs cellar for storing things, and cellar for storing things is ash or lime disinfection for inwall;
2). the whole ground of selection of land
2.1 selection of land
Before selection of land, stubble is advisable for crops such as corn, beans, wheats, and illumination is sufficient, and height above sea level is 1670 meters, and average temperature of the whole year is 8.4 ℃, 533.9-680 millimeters of annual rainfalls, 1200 millimeters of evaporation discharge <; 2200-2698.0 ℃ of >=10 ℃ of effective accumulated temperature, 140-160 days frost-free seasons, 33.5 ℃ of the extreme highest temperatures, extreme lowest temperature-24.6 ℃;
Before winter, plot was ploughed deeply, broken up the clods, remove weeds, stone, perennial root and other foreign material, every mu applies the fertilizer becoming thoroughly decomposed, and every mu applies superphosphate simultaneously;
3). turn over a year sowing
3.1 kinds of stems are processed
Kind stem is above by 1.2cm, 0.6-1.2cm, 0.6cm carry out classification below, with the about 8-10 hour of emerge in worm water, pulls draining out, pack gunnysack or cloth bag into, put into greenhouse vernalization, keep 15-20 ℃ of temperature, after one week, start to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and sprout, 25 ℃ of warm water sprinkling tuber of pinellia of early, middle and late three use of every natural gift;
3.2 sowing
Do furrow, 1.2cm plants the dark 15-19cm of stem furrow above, the dark 13-15cm of 0.6-1.2cm kind stem furrow, 0.6cm is with the dark 9-12cm of stem furrow that sows, and each furrow piece 3.5-4.5kg kind stem is evenly sprinkled into, and puts even, eye upward, is planted stem well by classification and is sowed respectively, the same classification kind stem of sowing in same furrow; Finally the earthen backfill of digging out is entered in furrow; Then water, fertilising, epiphragma and take small arched shed;
4). field management
4.1 management of emerging
When 50% tuber of pinellia is emerged, slightly open small arched shed two morning, mulch film is uncovered to fraction simultaneously, the experienced seedling that leaks informaton, cover evening;
4.2 row irrigation
After mulch film removes, select fine day morning or water at dusk, watering and can add tpn, Tuzet, carbendazim, mancozeb broad-spectrum germicide;
4.3 topdress
In the full production season of the tuber of pinellia, along with watering, can apply thin liquid dung, cake fertilizer and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the urea that have become thoroughly decomposed;
4.4 weeding
Tuber of pinellia time of infertility, weeding should be early;
4.5 pluck flower bud
When bud appears in half summer sporelings (of laminaria), extract in time;
4.6 shade
Temperature of shed is high, and on small arched shed film, the willow branch of dispenser band leaf or acacia branch carry out part and shade,
4.7 remove canopy film
Temperature of shed can reach 30-35 ℃ with, now leak informaton, can open small arched shed cover film;
4.8 ridging
The tuber of pinellia can constantly produce new bulbil in growth season, should earth up in time;
4.9 prevent down seedling
In furrow, on ground, covering wheat straw is cut or wheat bran;
4.10 seedling management
Fall and to weed out the rank grass between seedling stage, water in time, in conjunction with watering, can water and execute people and animals' liquid dung and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea with water, promote strong sprout;
5). gather, process
5.1 excavate the time
Excavate the tuber of pinellia and locating to affix one's name to during White Dew, at the beginning of last ten-days period to 9 August time month;
5.2 excavate method
With iron palladium, in one end of furrow, up prize the earth of digging, while digging, shake off the soil on tuber of pinellia stem tuber, the stem tuber of rejecting deformity and feeling like jelly and damaging brokenly.
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| CN105075578A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-11-25 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Method for producing bulb and controlling florescence by utilizing effective accumulated temperature in tulip growing period |
| CN106718004A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-05-31 | 天水农业学校（天水市农业科技人才培训中心） | A kind of tuber of pinellia strange land detoxification breeding and growing and cultivation method |
| CN106900321A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-30 | 天水农业学校（天水市农业科技人才培训中心） | A kind of genuine upper Gui tuber of pinellia film-covering planting methods |
| CN107771630A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-03-09 | 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 | A kind of tuber of pinellia ecological cultivation method |
| CN109105194A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-01 | 荆州市民康生物科技有限公司 | A kind of tuber of pinellia stereo plantation method |
| CN110226481A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-13 | 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 | A kind of light simplified cultivation method that tuber of pinellia disease-resistant easily harvests |
| CN113016541A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-25 | 四川省中医药科学院 | Cultivation method for two-harvest-one-year pinellia ternata in greenhouse |
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| CN113016541A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-25 | 四川省中医药科学院 | Cultivation method for two-harvest-one-year pinellia ternata in greenhouse |
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Application publication date: 20141112 |