CN113273426A - Method for comprehensively planting shaddock trees on waste barren hills by using medium containing traditional Chinese medicine residues - Google Patents
Method for comprehensively planting shaddock trees on waste barren hills by using medium containing traditional Chinese medicine residues Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G27/00—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots
- A01G27/006—Reservoirs, separate from plant-pots, dispensing directly into rooting medium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for comprehensively planting shaddock trees on a waste barren hill by using a matrix containing traditional Chinese medicine residues, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of preparing a traditional Chinese medicine residue matrix fertilizer consisting of 40-50wt% of fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues, 20-30wt% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 10-20wt% of organic materials and 5-10wt% of coal ash, digging and planting a pit on a barren hill, placing a sapling into the pit, filling the pit with the traditional Chinese medicine residue matrix fertilizer, arranging a loose layer at the bottom of the pit, arranging a water-retention and moisture-absorption layer on the periphery of the upper part of the pit, and performing fragrant and scientific garden management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a plant planting method, in particular to a method for comprehensively planting shaddock trees on a barren hill formed by waste ores by using a matrix containing traditional Chinese medicine residues.
Background
As is known, the pomelo is not only fragrant, cool, sour, sweet, tasty and refreshing, and crisp and tender in pulp, but also contains abundant vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates and organic acids, and has the curative effects of relieving cough and reducing sputum. It mainly grows in places of Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi, Jiangxi and Guizhou, etc. in the south of Yangtze river in China. Because the price of the pomelo is moderate, the pomelo is easy to store and is sold well, the market supply is not sufficient, the sales volume is continuously increased every year, and the pomelo is limited by land use and is required by ecological environment protection, people begin to try to plant the pomelo trees by adopting the traditional planting method on waste hills containing waste coal mines, stone fields, rocks and the like, such as waste rock, slag and the like, the planted saplings are low in survival rate, the grown pomelo trees are low in yield, the pomelo trees are thin and small, the dried meat is tasteless, the pomelo trees are bitter in nature and astringent, and the quality is poor.
With the development of the health industry of traditional Chinese medicine and the enhancement of health consciousness of people, the application of Chinese herbal medicines and Chinese patent medicines is increasingly wide. The traditional Chinese medicine treatment has the characteristics of long history, unique treatment, sanitation, environmental protection and little side effect in China. Along with the improvement of living standard of people, more and more people have traditional Chinese medicine treatment and traditional Chinese medicine health care, the use of traditional Chinese medicines is more popular, the production capacity of traditional Chinese medicines is greatly increased every year, the quantity of traditional Chinese medicine residues in traditional Chinese medicine factories in China is increased, and the problem that the traditional Chinese medicines cannot be ignored is generated, namely the problem of processing the traditional Chinese medicine residues which are waste generated in the production and processing processes of the traditional Chinese medicines and the traditional Chinese medicines.
Traditional Chinese medicine dregs are typical industrial biomass wastes rich in lignocellulose. The traditional Chinese medicine residues contain more organic matters (such as fibers, polysaccharides, proteins and the like) and trace element nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, are light and ventilated, and along with the development of scientific technology and environmental protection requirements, the traditional Chinese medicine residues are mostly incinerated and fermented to become organic fertilizers, microbial bacteria and treating agents or become culture mediums and the like, so that the traditional Chinese medicine residues are fully utilized. The traditional Chinese medicine dregs contain various organic nutrient components, active components and various inorganic elements, so that the traditional Chinese medicine dregs are used for preparing organic fertilizer raw materials and are applied to cultivation matrix materials of various crops such as vegetables, fruits and the like, and the traditional Chinese medicine dregs obtain recycling value, but the raw materials in the cultivation matrix materials of various crops are different due to the difference of growth characteristics, applicable climate and soil property of various crops.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for comprehensively planting pomelo trees in hillside fields containing waste coal mines, stone fields, rocks and the like, which aims to solve the problems of the traditional method for planting the pomelo trees in the barren hillside fields containing waste coal mines, stone fields, rocks and the like containing waste rocks, slag and the like in the prior art.
The comprehensive planting method of the pomelo trees mainly achieves the purpose of the invention through three planting method technologies, and the first method of comprehensive improvement is as follows: preparing an organic fertilizer containing traditional Chinese medicine residues suitable for transplanting the pomelo saplings as a planting matrix of the pomelo saplings; the second method is as follows: the soil layer structure of abandoned coal mines, stone fields, rocks and other barren mountains, particularly the acid-base property of the soil layer around the root system of the pomelo tree, is changed, and the water retention and moisture absorption are improved; the third method is: the method for improving the daily planting, cultivation, trimming and insect-proof and anti-freezing treatment of the pomelo trees is provided.
The traditional Chinese medicine residues comprise traditional Chinese medicine residues for preparing ageratum vital-qi pills, cold heat-clearing granules, six-ingredient rehmannia pills, cold cough syrup and qi-clearing and phlegm-eliminating pills, and the traditional Chinese medicine residues mainly contain ingredients such as Guangdong purple beautyberry, kudzu root, reed rhizome, astragalus, motherwort herb, mint, divaricate saposhnikovia root, perilla leaf and the like.
The invention discloses a method for comprehensively planting shaddock trees on a waste barren slope by using a matrix containing traditional Chinese medicine residues, which comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a traditional Chinese medicine residue-containing matrix fertilizer, which consists of 40-50wt% of fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues, 20-30wt% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 10-20wt% of organic material and 5-10wt% of coal ash, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine residues mainly contain Callicarpa kwangtungensis, radix puerariae, rhizoma phragmitis, radix astragali, herba leonuri, mint, radix sileris and perilla leaf components, and the traditional Chinese medicine residues are subjected to two-time stacking fermentation and airing to obtain fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues; the organic material comprises the following components in percentage by weight of 1: 0.8: 0.6: 0.5: 0.3 of straw, humic acid, plant ash, straw and pond sludge powder;
2. the invention adopts the transplantation and planting of saplings; selecting a seedling with the height of 300-500 mm and the main stem thickness of 5-15 mm, digging and planting holes on a barren hill slope with the gradient of less than 30 degrees according to the requirements shown in the figure, placing the seedling into the holes, filling a matrix fertilizer containing Chinese medicine residue into the holes, tamping, vertically inserting a plurality of air holes with the diameter of 20-30 mm into the Chinese medicine residue matrix at intervals, wherein the insertion depth of the air holes is not less than one half of the depth of the holes, watering, covering a plastic film, and filling soil on the film;
3. the method comprises the steps of arranging holes at intervals of 3-4 m multiplied by 3-4 m (or transplanting about 40 plants per mu) in a horizontal plane, transplanting a grapefruit sapling in each hole, wherein each hole is circular or square, the depth of each hole is not less than 800 mm, the bottom of each hole is provided with a loose layer which is formed by mixing straws, tree roots and leaves, lime and a small amount of sulfur and has a thickness of not less than 200 mm, the periphery of the upper part of each hole is provided with an annular water retention and moisture absorption layer which is formed by waste foam ceramic bodies or waste water permeable bricks and has a thickness of not less than 300 mm, the width of the water retention and moisture absorption layer is not less than 60 mm, and the inner sides of the holes are provided with water storage tanks which are communicated and connected with the water retention and moisture absorption layer through water diversion holes;
4. after seedlings of trees are planted in spring and winter, root fixing water is sprayed in a matrix fertilizer, water in a water storage tank is kept for 3 consecutive days in spring and winter, water in the water storage tank is kept for 7 consecutive days after seedlings are planted in summer and autumn, water is introduced into the water storage tank every 20-30 days in spring and winter after leaves of the seedlings turn green or new leaves and teeth grow out, water is introduced into the water storage tank every 10-15 days in summer and autumn, the water introduction time is filled with a water-retaining moisture absorption layer, when heavy rain and long water are touched, a water discharge hole communicated with the water storage tank can be opened, and the water discharge hole is communicated with a water discharge tank below an artificial slope ladder;
5. when the sapling grows to have more than 3-5 new leaves, the film is lifted, the sapling is fertilized with nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer, the dosage of each plant is 0.3-0.5Kg, and nutrient solution is sprayed once within 1 month after fertilization;
6. weeding and tree skill pruning are carried out after transplanting for one year, 3-4 robust new buds are left in each plant before tree seedlings sprout, the rest are pruned completely, and young trees are pruned: selecting middle extension branches and main branches to trim; trimming in an initial fruiting period; continuing to select the backbone extension branches at all levels, and erasing the summer shoots; and (3) pruning in full fruit period: retracting fruiting branches and decline branches in time, and pruning light-blocking branches, dead branches and insect-disease branches;
7. before and after the tree blooms in the third year after field planting, fertilizer and water management is emphasized, borax with the concentration of 0.2-0.3% is sprayed in the flowering period, fruit thinning and bagging are carried out about 10 days after flower falling, and the bagging materials adopt outer paper wax white and inner paper yellow and bagging date: bagging is needed within 25-40 days after flowers are contained, and bagging time is as follows: the dew is dried in the morning, and the solar insolation at noon is avoided;
8. and (3) enhancing the management of soil, fertilizer and water, timely applying the germination fertilizer in winter in order to reduce the loss of the shaddock tree caused by freezing injury, and applying the germination fertilizer for multiple times by paying attention to light fertilizer application so as to be beneficial to restoring the tree vigor. The fertilizer is mainly quick-acting fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. After the temperature rises stably, carrying out primary intertillage and soil loosening on the frozen grapefruit garden in time; timely applying spring germination fertilizer to a shaddock garden which is slightly frozen, and carrying out topdressing on the shaddock garden in the germination period for 2-3 times by using urea; the shaddock orchard with serious freezing injury is applied frequently and thinly, and after spring shoots and leaves are spread, 0.3-0.5% of urea or biogas slurry is used for multiple foliage dressing;
9. and (3) pest control: continuously spraying pesticide and bactericide for 2 times before blooming for 2-4 months; continuously spraying pesticide and bactericide for 2 times in the fruit period of 5-6 months after blossom withering; continuously spraying for 3-4 times from the middle ten days of autumn to 9 months, and spraying a lime sulfur agent once in winter to remove the pesticide.
The invention adopts the traditional Chinese medicine residue containing the matrix fertilizer, and the traditional Chinese medicine residue contains various organic nutrient components, active components and various inorganic elements, so that the nutrient components of the matrix fertilizer can be improved. However, the nutrient components in the existing matrix fertilizer are limited, the nutrient components of the matrix fertilizer can not meet the requirements of the growth of the pomelo saplings, and the nutrient components of the matrix fertilizer need to be increased by supplementing nutrient solution. The method utilizes the waste traditional Chinese medicine residues to be added into the matrix fertilizer after fermentation, so that various organic nutritional ingredients, active ingredients and various inorganic elements contained in the traditional Chinese medicine residues can be fully absorbed and utilized, the shaddock saplings can grow robustly through the nutritional ingredients of the matrix fertilizer, and the disease and insect resistance, natural disaster resistance, drought and waterlogging resistance and immunity resistance of the shaddock trees can be enhanced. Therefore, the survival rate, the fruiting rate and the maturity rate of the pomelo trees can be improved, the moisture and various beneficial substance elements of the pomelo trees can be increased, the edible mouthfeel is improved, and the pomelo has the characteristics of faint scent, cool and moist taste, sour, sweet and refreshing taste, crisp and tender pulp, and rich vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates and organic acids.
The invention uses waste foamed ceramics and waste water permeable bricks with high porosity on the upper part of the periphery of a seedling pit and is connected with a water storage tank through water diversion holes, water can be alternately introduced into the water storage tank according to seasonal changes and weather temperatures, and on a specific waste slope, the water storage tank is transformed by a transplanting pit structure technology, so that the water storage tank has water in spring and winter and does not have waterlogging, and the matrix fertilizer can always keep a state of neither drying nor thoroughly wetting (not transiting water accumulation), thereby ensuring that the nutrient components in the matrix fertilizer in the pit can not be reduced and can be uniformly absorbed by tree roots and branches in a long time, and particularly ensuring that the vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates and organic acid components in the traditional Chinese medicine residues in the matrix fertilizer can be fully absorbed.
According to the invention, through the transformation of the existing grapefruit tree transplanting pit on the abandoned mountain land, the improvement of the formula of the matrix fertilizer filled in the pit and various scientific and reasonable daily management, the grapefruit saplings are transplanted on the abandoned slopes such as coal mines, stone fields and rock special fields, the survival rate, fruiting rate and maturation rate of the grapefruit trees can be improved, the water content and various beneficial substance elements of the grapefruit can be increased, the edible taste is improved, and the grapefruit has the characteristics of faint scent, cool, sour, sweet, tasty, crisp and tender pulp, and the grapefruit contains abundant vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates and organic acids.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the top-view distribution of the transplantation of the pomelo saplings on the abandoned barren hillside land of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view A-A of FIG. 1.
In the figure, the water storage tank 1, the water storage tank 2, the water storage tank 3, the water retention and moisture absorption layer 4, soil 5, the grapefruit saplings 6, the film 7, the water permeable holes 8, the water diversion holes 9, the matrix fertilizer 10, the loose layer 11, the pit 12, the ascending ladder 13 and the drainage holes.
Detailed Description
The embodiment I of the invention relates to a specific method for comprehensively planting shaddock trees on a waste barren slope by using a matrix containing traditional Chinese medicine residues, which comprises the following steps:
1. firstly, preparing a matrix fertilizer containing Chinese medicine residues: the traditional Chinese medicine residue matrix fertilizer is composed of 40wt% of fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues, 30wt% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 20wt% of organic materials and 10wt% of coal ash, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine residues mainly contain callicarpa kwangtungensis, radix puerariae, rhizoma phragmitis, radix astragali, bitter apricot seeds, leonurus, mint, divaricate saposhnikovia root, bunge corydalis herb and perilla leaves, wherein 100g of the traditional Chinese medicine residues contain 25g of callicarpa kwangtungensis, 15g of radix puerariae, 10g of rhizoma phragmitis, 5g of radix astragali, 3g of bitter apricot seeds, 10g of leonurus, 10g of mint, 7g of divaricate saposhnikovia root, 5g of bunge corydalis herb and 10g of perilla leaves, the traditional Chinese medicine residues are subjected to two-time stacking fermentation and aired to form fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues, wherein the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 0.5: 0.8, the organic materials comprise 1: 0.8: 0.6: 0.5: 0.2 of straw, humic acid, plant ash, straw and pond sludge powder, wherein the coal ash is ash generated after combustion of fire coal, the pond sludge powder is crushed dry material on the bottom surface layer of the pond, and the fermentation is completed within three days by adopting a drum-type fermentation device in the prior art and a primary fermentation bin and a secondary fermentation bin through a two-time fermentation technology.
2. Transplanting and planting the pomelo saplings; selecting a pomelo seedling 5 with the height of 300-500 mm and the main stem thickness of 5-15 mm, digging a planting pit on a barren hill with the gradient of 30 degrees and containing gangue and coal slag according to the requirements shown in the figure, placing the seedling into the pit, filling a matrix fertilizer 9 containing traditional Chinese medicine slag into the pit 11, tamping, vertically inserting six air holes 7 into the traditional Chinese medicine slag matrix at intervals, wherein the diameter of the air holes is 20-30 mm, the insertion depth of the air holes is not less than one half of the depth of the pit, watering, covering a plastic film 6 on the traditional Chinese medicine slag matrix fertilizer, and filling loose soil 4 on the film.
3. The invention arranges holes at intervals of 4 m (or planting 36 plants per mu) in the horizontal plane
Planting a grapefruit sapling in each hole, wherein the hole is round or square, the depth of the hole is 800 mm, the diameter of the hole is 730 mm, a loose layer 10 with the thickness of 230 mm formed by mixing straws, tree roots and leaves, lime (used for adjusting the pH value of the matrix fertilizer to be between 5 and 6.5) and a small amount of sulfur (0.5 to 1 percent of the weight of the loose layer) is arranged at the bottom of the hole, a ring-shaped water retention and moisture absorption layer which is formed by waste foam ceramic bodies or waste water permeable bricks and has the width (the single side size in the radial direction of the pit) of 60 mm is arranged on the periphery of the upper part of the pit, the height of the water retention and moisture absorption layer is one half to two thirds of the height of the pit, the inner side of the hole is provided with a water storage tank 2, the height of the water storage tank is one third to one half of the height of the water-retention moisture absorption layer, and the water storage tank is communicated and connected with the water-retention moisture absorption layer 3 through a water diversion hole 8.
4. After seedlings of trees are planted in spring and winter, root fixing water is sprayed in a matrix fertilizer, water in a water storage tank is kept for 3 consecutive days, water in the water storage tank is kept for 7 consecutive days after seedlings turn green or grow new teeth, water is introduced into the water storage tank once every 20-30 days in spring and winter, water is introduced once every 10-15 days in summer and autumn until a water-retaining moisture absorption layer is filled, when heavy rain and long water are encountered, a water discharge hole 13 which is communicated with the water storage tank can be opened, the water discharge hole is communicated with a water outlet tank below an ascending ladder 12, a water storage pool 1 is arranged on the mountain top to store natural water or water which is pumped by a water pump, and then the water is distributed into a water storage tank 2 by a water pipe according to needs.
5. When the sapling has more than 3-5 new leaves, the film is lifted, the sapling is fertilized with mixed N-P-K fertilizer, the dosage of each plant is 0.3-0.5Kg, and nutrient solution is sprayed once in 1 month after fertilization, farmyard manure or compound fertilizer is applied once in 8-9 months after the first fruit harvest, nitrogen fertilizer is applied before germination in 2-3 months next year, and P-K fertilizer is applied once in 5-6 months next year, so as to promote the growth of strong fruit.
6. Weeding and tree skill pruning are carried out after transplanting for one year, 3-4 robust new buds are left in each plant before tree seedlings sprout, the rest are pruned completely, and young trees are pruned: selecting middle extension branches and main branches to trim; initial fruiting period; continuing to select the backbone extension branches at all levels, and erasing the summer shoots; in full fruit period: and retracting the fruiting branches and the decline branches in time, and pruning the light-blocking branches, the dead branches and the insect-disease branches.
7. Before and after the tree blooms in the third year after field planting, fertilizer and water management is emphasized, borax with the concentration of 0.2-0.3% is sprayed in the flowering period, fruit thinning and bagging are carried out about 10 days after flower falling, and the bagging materials adopt outer paper wax white and inner paper yellow and bagging date: bagging is needed within 25-40 days after flowers are contained, and bagging time is as follows: the dew is dried in the morning to avoid the solar insolation at noon,
8. the management of soil, fertilizer and water is enhanced, and in order to reduce the loss of shaddock trees caused by freezing injury as much as possible in winter, the germination fertilizer can be applied in time, and the light fertilizer is applied for multiple times so as to be beneficial to restoring the tree vigor. The quick-acting fertilizer mainly comprises nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. After the temperature rises stably, carrying out primary intertillage and soil loosening on the frozen grapefruit garden in time; timely applying spring germination fertilizer to a shaddock garden which is slightly frozen, and carrying out topdressing on the shaddock garden in the germination period for 2-3 times by using urea; the shaddock orchard with serious freezing injury is applied frequently and thinly, and after spring shoots and leaves are developed, 0.3-0.5% of urea or biogas slurry is used for multiple foliage dressing. The pomelo land has high soil water content in spring and summer, poor soil permeability, weakened stress resistance of the pomelo roots and severe water accumulation, which can cause root rot. Therefore, the drainage hole 13 is opened in time, and the water in the water storage tank 2 is drained through a water outlet tank (not shown) at the lower part of the man-made ladder slope 12, so as to enhance the activity of the root system of the pomelo tree.
9. And (3) pest control: spraying the first time when the young shoots germinate 0.3-0.5 cm, spraying the first time every other week until the young shoots turn green and age, stopping spraying the pesticide, and continuously spraying the pesticide and the bactericide for 2 times before blooming for 2 months to 4 months; continuously spraying pesticide and bactericide for 2 times in the young fruit period of 5-6 months after blossom withering; continuously spraying for 3-4 times from the middle ten days of autumn to 9 months, and spraying a lime sulfur agent once in winter to remove the pesticide.
According to the method for transplanting the grapefruit tree seedlings in the embodiment, compared with the grapefruit tree transplanted on the flat ground in the prior art, the first fruiting situation after three years is as follows: the pomelo variety is exemplified by Shatian pomelo.
Survival rate and fruiting rate of trees and sweetness grade of each unit weight of yield per mu
The invention relates to a shaddock tree which is 81.3 percent, 79.6 percent, 29.5 tons/mu, 1.38Kg, 10.8 super grade, 31.8 percent,
sweetness rating of each
1.21Kg of 9.6, first grade 58.2 percent,
the existing teak tree is 83.7 percent, 82.1 percent, 32.9 tons/mu and 1.39Kg of 11.2 super grade 31.5 percent,
sweetness rating of each
1.25Kg 10.4, first 56.7%.
The data show that the sand field pomelos planted on the waste barren slopes by using the matrix containing the traditional Chinese medicine residues have the same grade from the survival rate of the saplings, the fruiting rate, the acre yield, the size grade and the sweetness quality as the existing planted sand field pomelos. Therefore, the shaddock planted on the existing flat hilly land can be planted on the barren hill slope containing gangue and coal slag in the climatic region by adopting the technical measures.
Note: the special grade refers to: the weight of the shaddock is more than 1300 g/piece, the shaddock is fragrant, cool, sweet, sour, tasty, crisp and tender in pulp, and the sweetness is: the sugar content is 9-11 g/100 g, and the second level refers to: the weight of the grapefruit is more than 1100 and 1299 g/grapefruit, the grapefruit is sour, sweet and tasty, the grapefruit pulp is crisp and tender, and the grapefruit has sweetness: the sugar content is 9-11 g/100 g.
The embodiment II discloses a specific method for comprehensively planting shaddock trees on a waste barren slope by using a matrix containing traditional Chinese medicine residues, which comprises the following steps:
1. firstly, preparing a matrix fertilizer containing Chinese medicine residues: the traditional Chinese medicine residue matrix fertilizer is composed of 45wt% of fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues, 25 wt% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 15wt% of organic materials and 15wt% of coal ash, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine residues mainly contain callicarpa kwangtungensis, radix puerariae, rhizoma phragmitis, radix astragali, bitter apricot seeds, leonurus, mint, divaricate saposhnikovia roots, bunge corydalis herbs and perilla leaves, wherein 100g of the traditional Chinese medicine residues contain 30g of callicarpa kwangtungensis, 10g of radix puerariae, 10g of rhizoma phragmitis, 5g of radix astragali, 2g of bitter apricot seeds, 14g of leonurus, 7g of mint, 7g of divaricate saposhnikovia roots, 5g of bunge corydalis herbs, 5g of swertia chifolia herbs and 5g of perilla leaves, and the traditional Chinese medicine residues are subjected to two-time stacking fermentation and air-drying to obtain the fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues, wherein the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 0.5: 0.8, wherein the coal ash is ash obtained after coal combustion, and the organic materials comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 0.8: 0.6: 0.5: 0.3 of straw, humic acid, plant ash, straw and pond sludge powder, wherein the fermentation is completed within three days by adopting a drum-type fermentation device in the prior art and a two-time fermentation technology of a primary fermentation bin and a secondary fermentation bin.
2. Transplanting and planting the pomelo saplings; the height is 300-500 mm, and the thickness of the main stem is 5-15
Digging planting holes on a barren hill slope with the gradient of 25 degrees and containing gangue and coal slag according to the requirements shown in the figure, placing the saplings into the holes, filling a matrix fertilizer 9 containing traditional Chinese medicine slag into the holes 11, tamping, vertically inserting four air holes 7 into the matrix of the traditional Chinese medicine slag at intervals, wherein the diameter of each air hole is 20-30 mm, the insertion depth of each air hole is not less than one half of the depth of each hole, watering, covering a plastic film 6 on the matrix fertilizer of the traditional Chinese medicine slag, and filling loose soil 4 on the film.
3. The invention arranges holes at intervals of 3 m multiplied by 4 m (or 40 plants planted per mu) in a horizontal plane, each hole is planted with a grapefruit seedling, the hole is round or square, the depth of the hole is 870 mm, the diameter of the hole is 800 mm, the bottom of the hole is provided with a loose layer which is formed by mixing straw, tree root leaves, lime (used for adjusting the pH value of a matrix fertilizer to be between 5 and 6.5) and a small amount of sulfur (0.5 to 1 percent of the weight of the loose layer) and has the thickness of 250 mm, the periphery of the upper part of the hole is provided with an annular water retention and moisture absorption layer which is formed by waste foam ceramic bodies or waste water permeable bricks and has the width of 80 mm, the height of the water retention and moisture absorption layer is one half to two thirds of the height of the hole, the inner side of the hole is provided with a water storage tank 2, the height of the water storage tank is one third to one half of the height of the water retention and moisture absorption layer, the water storage tank is connected with the water-retaining moisture absorption layer 3 through a water diversion hole 8.
4. After seedlings of trees are planted in spring and winter, root fixing water is sprayed in a matrix fertilizer, water in a water storage tank is kept for 3 consecutive days, water in the water storage tank is kept for 7 consecutive days after seedlings turn green or grow new teeth, water is introduced into the water storage tank every 20-30 days in spring and winter, water is introduced into the water storage tank every 10-15 days in summer and autumn until a water-retaining moisture absorption layer is filled, when heavy rain and long water are encountered, a water discharge hole connected with the water storage tank can be opened, the water discharge hole is communicated with a water outlet tank below an artificial slope ladder, a water storage tank 1 is arranged on the mountain top to store natural water or water pumped by a water pump, and the water is distributed into the water storage tank by a water pipe as required.
5. When the sapling has more than 3-5 new leaves, the film is lifted, the sapling is fertilized with mixed N-P-K fertilizer, the dosage of each plant is 0.3-0.5Kg, and nutrient solution is sprayed once in 1 month after fertilization, farmyard manure or compound fertilizer is applied once in 8-9 months after the first fruit harvest, nitrogen fertilizer is applied before germination in 2-3 months next year, and P-K fertilizer is applied once in 5-6 months next year, so as to promote the growth of strong fruit.
6. Weeding and tree skill pruning are carried out after transplanting for one year, 3-4 robust new buds are left in each plant before tree seedlings sprout, the rest are pruned completely, and young trees are pruned: selecting middle extension branches and main branches to trim; initial fruiting period; continuing to select the backbone extension branches at all levels, and erasing the summer shoots; in full fruit period: and retracting the fruiting branches and the decline branches in time, and pruning the light-blocking branches, the dead branches and the insect-disease branches.
7. Before and after the tree blooms in the third year after field planting, fertilizer and water management is emphasized, borax with the concentration of 0.2-0.3% is sprayed in the flowering period, fruit thinning and bagging are carried out about 10 days after flower falling, and the bagging materials adopt outer paper wax white and inner paper yellow and bagging date: bagging is needed within 25-40 days after flowers are contained, and bagging time is as follows: the dew is dried in the morning to avoid the solar insolation at noon,
8. the management of soil, fertilizer and water is enhanced, and in order to reduce the loss of shaddock trees caused by freezing injury as much as possible in winter, the germination fertilizer can be applied in time, and the light fertilizer is applied for multiple times so as to be beneficial to restoring the tree vigor. The quick-acting fertilizer mainly comprises nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. After the temperature rises stably, carrying out primary intertillage and soil loosening on the frozen grapefruit garden in time; timely applying spring germination fertilizer to a shaddock garden which is slightly frozen, and carrying out topdressing on the shaddock garden in the germination period for 2-3 times by using urea; the shaddock orchard with serious freezing injury is applied frequently and thinly, and after spring shoots and leaves are developed, 0.3-0.5% of urea or biogas slurry is used for multiple foliage dressing. The pomelo land has high soil water content in spring and summer, poor soil permeability, weakened stress resistance of the pomelo roots and severe water accumulation, which can cause root rot. Therefore, the drainage hole 13 is opened in time to drain the water in the water storage tank 2 through a water outlet tank (not shown) at the lower part of the ascending slope 12, thereby enhancing the activity of the root system of the pomelo tree.
9. And (3) pest control: spraying the first time when the young shoots germinate 0.3-0.5 cm, spraying the first time every other week until the young shoots turn green and age, stopping spraying the pesticide, and continuously spraying the pesticide and the bactericide for 2 times before blooming for 2 months to 4 months; continuously spraying pesticide and bactericide for 2 times in the young fruit period of 5-6 months after blossom withering; continuously spraying for 3-4 times from the middle ten days of autumn to 9 months, and spraying a lime sulfur agent once in winter to remove the pesticide.
Compared with the pomelo tree transplanted on the flat ground according to the prior art, the pomelo tree seedling transplanted by the method has the following condition that the pomelo tree seedling bears fruit for the first time after three years: the pomelo variety is exemplified by Shatian pomelo.
Survival rate and fruiting rate of trees and sweetness grade of each unit weight of yield per mu
The invention relates to a shaddock tree which is 83.4 percent, 80.6 percent, 32.5 tons per mu and 1.42Kg of 10.2 super grade, 30.4 percent,
sweetness rating of each
1.21Kg of 9.6, one stage of 51.8 percent,
83.5 percent of the prior shaddock tree, 81.3 percent of the prior shaddock tree, 31.9 tons per mu, 1.39Kg of the prior shaddock tree, 10.5 super grade 32.1 percent,
sweetness rating of each
1.25Kg 9.8, one stage 52.7%.
Claims (2)
1. The method for comprehensively planting the pomelo trees on the waste barren hills by using the matrix containing the traditional Chinese medicine residues is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
a. preparing a matrix fertilizer containing Chinese medicine residues: the traditional Chinese medicine composition is composed of 40-50wt% of fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues, 20-30wt% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 10-20wt% of organic materials and 5-10wt% of coal ash, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine residues mainly contain Callicarpa kwangtungensis, radix puerariae, rhizoma phragmitis, radix astragali, herba leonuri, mint, radix sileris and perilla leaf components, and the traditional Chinese medicine residues are subjected to two-time stacking fermentation and airing to obtain fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues; the organic material comprises the following components in percentage by weight of 1: 0.8: 0.6: 0.5: 0.3 of straw, humic acid, plant ash, straw and pond sludge powder;
b. transplanting and planting the saplings: selecting a seedling with the height of 300-500 mm and the main stem thickness of 5-15 mm, digging a planting hole on a barren hill with the gradient of less than 30 degrees, placing the seedling into the hole, filling a Chinese medicine residue matrix fertilizer into the hole, vertically inserting a plurality of air holes with the diameter of 20-30 mm into the Chinese medicine residue matrix fertilizer at intervals after tamping, wherein the insertion depth of the air holes is not less than one half of the depth of the hole, covering a plastic film after watering, and filling soil on the film;
c. according to the requirement of 3-4 m multiplied by 3-4 m spacing in a horizontal plane, holes are arranged at intervals on a barren hill with the gradient of less than 30 degrees, a grapefruit sapling is transplanted in each hole, the hole is circular or square, the depth of the hole is not less than 800 mm, the bottom of the hole is provided with a loose layer with the thickness of not less than 200 mm formed by mixing straws, tree roots and leaves, lime and a small amount of sulfur, the periphery of the upper part of the hole is provided with an annular water-retention moisture-absorption layer with the thickness of not less than 300 mm and formed by waste foam ceramic bodies or waste water-permeable bricks, the width of the water-retention moisture-absorption layer is not less than 60 mm, the inner side of the hole is provided with a water storage tank, and the water storage tank is communicated and connected with the water-retention moisture-;
d. after seedlings of the trees are planted in spring and winter, root fixing water is sprayed in the matrix fertilizer, water in the water storage tank is kept for 3 consecutive days in spring and winter, water in the water storage tank is kept for 7 consecutive days after seedlings are planted in summer and autumn, after the leaves of the seedlings turn green or grow new teeth, the water in the water storage tank is communicated once every 20-30 days in spring and winter, the water is communicated once every 10-15 days in summer and autumn until the water-retaining moisture absorption layer is full, when heavy rain and long water are touched, a water drainage hole communicated with the water storage tank can be opened, and the water drainage hole is communicated with a water drainage tank below the artificial slope ladder;
e. when the sapling grows to have more than 3-5 new leaves, the film is lifted, the sapling is fertilized with nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mixed fertilizer, the dosage of each plant is 0.3-0.5Kg, and nutrient solution is sprayed once within 1 month after fertilization;
f. weeding and tree skill pruning are carried out after transplanting for one year, 3-4 robust new buds are left in each plant before tree seedlings sprout, the rest are pruned completely, and young trees are pruned: selecting middle extension branches and main branches to trim; trimming in the initial fruiting period: continuing to select the backbone extension branches at all levels, and erasing the summer shoots; and (3) pruning in full fruit period: retracting fruiting branches and decline branches in time, and pruning light-blocking branches, dead branches and insect-disease branches;
g. before and after the tree blooms in the third year after field planting, fertilizer and water management is emphasized, borax with the concentration of 0.2-0.3% is sprayed in the flowering period, fruit thinning and bagging are carried out about 10 days after flower falling, the bagging material adopts outer paper wax white and inner paper yellow, and the bagging date is as follows: bagging is needed within 25-40 days after the flowers are contained; bagging time: the dew is dried in the morning, and the solar insolation at noon is avoided;
h. the management of soil, fertilizer and water is enhanced, in order to reduce the loss of the pomelo trees caused by freezing damage in winter, the germination fertilizer is applied in time, and the light fertilizer is applied thinly and is applied for multiple times, so that the tree vigor is recovered; the quick-acting fertilizer mainly comprises nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; after the temperature rises stably, carrying out primary intertillage and soil loosening on the frozen grapefruit garden in time; timely applying spring germination fertilizer to a shaddock garden which is slightly frozen, and carrying out topdressing on the shaddock garden in the germination period for 2-3 times by using urea; the shaddock orchard with serious freezing injury is applied frequently and thinly, and after spring shoots and leaves are spread, 0.3-0.5% of urea or biogas slurry is used for multiple foliage dressing;
i. and (3) pest control: continuously spraying pesticide and bactericide for 2 times before blooming for 2-4 months; continuously spraying pesticide and bactericide for 2 times in the fruit period of 5-6 months after blossom withering; continuously spraying for 3-4 times from the middle ten days of autumn to 9 months, and spraying a lime sulfur agent once in winter to remove the pesticide.
2. The method for comprehensively planting the pomelo trees on the abandoned barren hillside by using the matrix containing the traditional Chinese medicine residues as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: 100g of the traditional Chinese medicine residues contain 25g of Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun, 15g of kudzu root, 10g of reed rhizome, 5g of astragalus root, 3g of bitter apricot seed, 10g of motherwort, 10g of mint, 7g of divaricate saposhnikovia root, 5g of corydalis bungeana and 10g of perilla leaf.
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