CN101214667A - 单板加压浸胶增强型复合集装箱底板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

单板加压浸胶增强型复合集装箱底板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN101214667A
CN101214667A CNA2008100191060A CN200810019106A CN101214667A CN 101214667 A CN101214667 A CN 101214667A CN A2008100191060 A CNA2008100191060 A CN A2008100191060A CN 200810019106 A CN200810019106 A CN 200810019106A CN 101214667 A CN101214667 A CN 101214667A
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glue
pressure
composite container
pressurization
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张齐生
罗伯特·威尔伍德
许斌
陈立衡
蒋身学
何文
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Nanjing Forestry University
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Nanjing Forestry University
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Priority to CA2649697A priority patent/CA2649697C/en
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Abstract

本发明是单板加压浸胶增强型复合集装箱底板结构及制造方法。其结构是以结构用刨花板芯板为芯层，上、下依次对称地铺设一层加压浸渍酚醛胶(或其它耐候性胶)并经低温干燥的横向木质单板，2～3层加压浸渍酚醛胶(或其它耐候性胶)的木质单板为面层。制造方法的工艺步骤分为，木质单板及竹帘或竹席干燥、涂胶；加压浸胶，陈化或低温干燥；结构用刨花板基板定厚砂光至所需厚度作为芯板；组坯及热压。优点：拓宽了底板的原料来源，可大批量生产，制成的复合集装箱底板质量稳定、耐候性好，其强度、弹性模量等各项性能指标符合国际集装箱工业的技术要求。

Description

单板加压浸胶增强型复合集装箱底板及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种单板加压浸胶增强型复合集装箱底板及其制造方法属木材工业中的人造板制造技术领域。
背景技术
集装箱底板是主要的承载部件，要求具有较高的力学性能、良好的外观质量、握钉力、抗冲击性和耐老化性能。长期以来，几乎全部依赖热带雨林硬阔叶材克隆(Keruing)和阿必东(Apitong)制成的多层厚胶合板作底板。由于该类树种生长周期长，大径级克隆和阿必东日趋短缺。根据复合材料结构力学理论，层合板中各层材料对板材强度和弹性模量的贡献与它们本身的强度和弹性模量以及它们到中心层距离的二次方成正比，也就是说，强度和弹性模量大的单层材料离中心层越远发挥的作用越大。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过对普通单板加压浸胶、对称地铺设于板坯面层、热压固化，从而大幅度地提高集装箱底板的强度和弹性模量。利用纵、横两向强度和弹性模量符合集装箱底板要求的结构用刨花板或全木质单板为芯层。加压浸胶的木质单板(或浸胶的竹帘、竹席)、树脂浸渍纸、或克隆、阿必东等硬木单板为单元材料，单独或复合使用作为面层。利用压力向单板注入树脂胶粘剂，填充单板的细胞腔、细胞壁以及单板裂隙，以此单板为面层、未处理单板或结构用刨花板为芯层，组坯、热压胶合后制成增强型复合集装箱底板。
本发明的技术解决方案：其结构是以结构用刨花板芯板为芯层，上、下依次对称地铺设一层加压浸渍酚醛胶或其它耐候性胶并经低温干燥的横向木质单板，2～3层加压浸渍酚醛胶(或三聚氢胺及其改性胶等其它耐候性胶)的木质单板为面层。
用11-13层纵、横向木质单板按集装箱底板结构要求组坯的芯层结构替代结构用刨花板芯板。
用一层克隆或阿必东单板替代表层的加压浸胶木质单板。
表层覆盖一层酚醛胶浸渍纸，且用一层浸胶竹帘或竹席替代一层加压浸胶木质单板。
单板加压浸胶增强型复合集装箱底板的制造方法，其特征是该方法的工艺步骤分为，
a、木质单板及竹帘(或竹席)处理：木质单板含水率6％～12％，部分双面涂胶，涂胶量250～350g/m2(固含量为40％～50％的液体胶)；部分加压浸胶，吸胶量15％～50％(绝干树脂量与木质单板绝干重量之比)，经陈化或低温干燥；竹帘(或竹席)含水率8％～12％，酚醛胶稀释至固体含量30％～36％，常压浸渍，上胶量7％～10％。在胶液中加入一定比例的杀虫剂；
b、芯板：结构用刨花板基板定厚砂光至所需厚度作为芯板3，或单板隔层涂胶并按集装箱底板结构要求组坯的多层单板芯层结构4；
c、组坯及热压：木质单板加压浸胶或涂胶，与结构用刨花板芯板3或按集装箱底板要求的芯层结构4对称组坯，在温度125～150℃，压力2.0～4.0MPa的条件下进行热压，保持5～10分钟，然后分段降压、排汽、卸压。
所述的单板加压处理方式可以是直接加压处理；或先抽真空减压，后加压；或先加压，再抽真空减压，再加压。
本发明的优点：可有效地利用我国和世界各地不同树种、不同径级的木材，大批量生产出符合国际集装箱技术要求的底板。以4～8层加压浸胶(胶中加入一定量的杀虫剂)木质单板、树脂浸渍纸等材料单独或复合使用作为面层材料，以特制的结构用刨花板经定厚砂光后作为芯层；或以按集装箱底板的结构要求组坯的多层普通木质单板作为芯层；与面层材料组坯后经热压胶合制成集装箱底板，其强度、弹性模量等各项性能指标都有所提高。如以结构用刨花板为芯层，上下面层从表至内依次采用2-3层纵向、1层横向经加压浸胶的单板，或依次采用克隆单板、1-2层纵向、1层横向经加压浸胶的单板，或依次采用浸渍纸、1-2层加压浸胶单板、1层浸胶竹帘、1层横向加压浸胶单板为面层材料组坯；或以11-13层纵横向单板为芯层，上下表面各采用三层加压浸胶的纵向单板和一层横向单板、组坯胶合而成复合集装箱底板，其强度和弹性模量均符合集装箱底板的要求，且耐候性、耐磨性优于现有的集装箱底板。
附图说明
附图1是以结构用刨花板为芯层、加压浸胶单板为面层的增强型复合集装箱底板结构示意图。
附图2是11-13层纵向、横向单板为芯层、加压浸胶单板为面层的增强型集装箱底板结构示意图。
附图3是以结构用刨花板为芯层、克隆或阿必东单板、加压浸胶单板为面层的增强型复合集装箱底板结构示意图。
附图4是以结构用刨花板为芯层、酚醛胶浸渍纸、加压浸胶单板、浸胶竹帘(或竹席)为面层的增强型复合集装箱底板结构示意图。
图中1是加压浸渍酚醛胶(或其它耐候性胶)并经低温干燥的纵向木质单板；2是一层加压浸渍酚醛胶(或三聚氢胺及其改性胶等其它耐候性胶)并经低温干燥的横向木质单板；3是结构用刨花板芯板；4是按集装箱底板要求组坯的芯层结构；5是克隆或阿必东木质单板(或用其它性能类似木质单板)；6是浸胶竹帘(或竹席)。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
对照图1，以桉木、松木(落叶松、马尾松、思茅松等)、云杉等单板为面层、结构用刨花板为芯层制造复合集装箱底板，其结构是在结构用刨花板芯板3的上下依次对称地铺设一层加压浸渍酚醛胶(或三聚氢胺及其改性胶等其它耐候性胶)并经低温干燥的横向松木单板2，2～3层加压浸渍酚醛胶并经低温干燥的纵向松木、云杉或桉木单板1。
复合集装箱底板的制造方法如下：
a、木质单板处理：木质单板含水率≤12％，先抽真空(-80KPa)10分钟，然后在0.60MPa压力下浸渍酚醛胶30分钟，并经低温干燥。胶液中按1公斤胶(固含量45％)加入2.4克的杀虫剂；
b、芯板：结构用刨花板双面定厚砂光至22mm作为芯板3；
C、组坯及热压：从内至表，以上、下面各一层加压浸渍酚醛胶并经低温干燥的横向木质单板2，2层或3层加压浸渍酚醛胶并经低温干燥的纵向纹理的木质单板1为面层，与结构用刨花板芯板3组坯，在温度125℃，压力2.0MPa的条件下进行热压，保持5分钟，然后分段降压、排汽、卸压。
经常规加工后，即可得到成品复合集装箱底板，其物理力学性能如下：
MOR//：≥95MPa
MOR⊥：≥35MPa
MOE//：≥10500MPa
MOE⊥：≥3500MPa
板厚：28mm
密度：0.75～0.90g/cm3。
实施例2：
对照图2，以桉木、松木(落叶松、马尾松、思茅松等)、云杉、杨木等木质单板为原料制造复合集装箱底板，其芯层为按集装箱底板结构要求组坯的11层或13层(由单板厚度及树种确定)松木、桉木、杨木等树种的纵向和横向单板4；由内至表，上、下依次对称地铺设一层加压浸渍酚醛胶并经低温干燥的横向云杉木质单板2，2层加压浸渍酚醛胶并经低温干燥的纵向桉木或松木单板1。
复合集装箱底板的制造方法如下：
a、木质单板处理：木质单板含水率≤10％，芯层部分双面涂胶，涂胶量250g/m2(固含量为40％的液体胶)；面层6层木质单板加压浸胶，吸胶量15％(绝干树脂量与木质单板绝干重量之比)，经陈化或低温干燥。胶液中按1公斤胶(固含量45％)加入2.4克的杀虫剂；
b、组坯及热压：以按集装箱底板结构要求组坯的11层或-13层松木、桉木、杨木等树种的纵向和横向单板4为芯层；由内至表，上、下依次对称地铺设一层加压浸渍酚醛胶并经低温干燥的横向云杉木质单板2，2层加压浸渍酚醛胶并经低温干燥的纵向桉木或松木单板1。板坯预压后，在温度125℃或150℃，压力2.0MPa或3.0MPa 4.0MPa的条件下进行热压，保持5～10分钟，然后分段降压、排汽、卸压。或向热压板内通冷水，待热压板冷却到一定温度后卸压。
经常规加工后，即可得到成品复合集装箱底板，其物理力学性能如下：
MOR//：≥100MPa
MOR⊥：≥35MPa
MOE//：≥11000MPa
MOE⊥：≥3500MPa
板厚：28mm
密度：0.75～0.90g/cm3。
实施例3：
对照图3，以克隆或阿必东(或其它性能类似木质单板)单板、和加压浸胶的松木(落叶松、马尾松、思茅松等)、杨木等木质单板为面层、结构用刨花板为芯层制造复合集装箱底板，其结构是在结构用刨花板芯板3的上、下由内至表依次对称地铺设一层加压浸渍酚醛胶并经低温干燥的横向杨木单板2、一层是加压浸渍酚醛胶并经低温干燥的纵向松木单板1，一是层克隆或阿必东单板5。
复合集装箱底板的制造方法如下：
a、木质单板处理：克隆或阿必东单板5(或用其它性能类似的木质单板)干燥至含水率6％或10％，将含水率6％或13％的松木单板1和横向杨木单板2抽真空10分钟，然后再在0.60MPa压力下浸渍酚醛胶30分钟，并经低温干燥。胶液中按1公斤胶(固含量45％)加入2.4克的杀虫剂；
b、芯板：结构用刨花板基板双面定厚砂光至22mm作为芯层；
C、组坯及热压：以定厚砂光后的结构用刨花板芯板3为芯层，克隆或阿必东木质单板5(或其它性能类似木质单板)为表层，向内依次铺设一层加压浸渍酚醛胶并经低温干燥纵向松木单板1，一层加压浸渍酚醛胶并经低温干燥的横向杨木单板2，对称组坯，在温度125℃或150℃，压力2.0～4.0MPa的条件下进行热压，保持5分钟或10分钟，然后分段降压、排汽、卸压。
经常规加工后，即可得到成品复合集装箱底板，其物理力学性能同实施例2。
实施例4：
对照附图4，以酚醛浸渍纸、杨木、桉木、松木(落叶松、马尾松、思茅松等)单板和浸胶竹帘(竹席)为面层、结构用刨花板为芯板制造复合集装箱底板，其结构是在结构用刨花板芯板3的上下依次对称地铺设一层加压浸胶的杨木横向单板2、一层浸胶竹帘(或竹席)6、1层或2层加压浸胶纵向桉木或松木单板1、表层浸渍纸7。
复合集装箱底板的制造方法如下：
a、木质单板及竹帘处理：木质单板含水率6％～12％，加压浸胶，吸胶量15％～50％(绝干树脂量与木质单板绝干重量之比)，经陈化或低温干燥；竹帘含水率8％或12％，酚醛胶稀释至固体含量30％或36％，常压浸渍，上胶量7％或10％。所有胶液中加入一定比例的杀虫剂；
b、芯板：结构用刨花板基板双面定厚砂光至22mm作为芯层；
C、组坯及热压：以结构用刨花板芯板3为芯层，上下对称地铺设一层加压浸渍酚醛胶并经低温干燥的横向杨木单板2、一层浸胶竹帘(或竹席)6、2层加压浸渍酚醛胶并经低温干燥的纵向松木或桉木单板1、一层酚醛浸渍纸，组坯后在温度125℃或150℃，压力2.0MPa或4.0MPa的条件下进行热压，保持8分钟，然后分段降压、排汽、卸压；
经常规加工后，即可得到成品复合集装箱底板，其物理力学性能同实施例2。
工艺步骤c中的单板加压处理方式可以是直接加压处理；或先抽真空减压，后加压；或先加压，再抽真空减压，再加压。

Claims (6)

1.单板加压浸胶增强型复合集装箱底板，其特征是以结构用刨花板芯板为芯层，上、下依次对称地铺设一层加压浸渍酚醛胶并经低温干燥的横向木质单板，2～3层加压浸渍酚醛胶的木质单板为面层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的单板加压浸胶增强型复合集装箱底板，其特征是用11-13层纵、横向单板按集装箱底板结构要求组坯的芯层结构替代结构用刨花板芯板。
3.根据权利要求1所述的单板加压浸胶增强型复合集装箱底板，其特征是用一层克隆或阿必东单板替代表层的加压浸胶单板。
4.根据权利要求1所述的单板加压浸胶增强型复合集装箱底板，其特征是表层覆盖一层酚醛胶浸渍纸，且用一层浸胶竹帘或竹席替代一层加压浸胶木质单板。
5.单板加压浸胶增强型复合集装箱底板的制造方法，其特征是该方法的工艺步骤分为，
a、木质单板及竹帘或竹席处理：木质单板及竹帘或竹席含水率6％～12％，部分双面涂胶，涂胶量250～350g/m2，固含量为40％～50％的液体胶；部分加压浸胶，吸胶量15％～50％，绝干树脂量与木质单板绝干重量之比，经陈化或低温干燥；竹帘或竹席含水率8％～12％，酚醛胶稀释至固体含量30％～36％，常压浸渍，上胶量7％～10％，胶液中按1公斤胶，固含量45％，加入2.4克的杀虫剂；
b、芯板：结构用刨花板基板定厚砂光至所需厚度作为芯板，或单板隔层涂胶并按集装箱底板结构要求组坯的多层单板芯层结构；
c、组坯及热压：木质单板加压浸胶或涂胶，与结构用刨花板芯板或按集装箱底板要求的芯层结构对称组坯，在温度125～150℃，压力2.0～4.0MPa的条件下进行热压，保持5～10分钟，然后分段降压、排汽、卸压。
6.根据权利要求5所述的单板加压浸胶增强型复合集装箱底板的制造方法，其特征是工艺步骤c中的单板加压处理方式可以是直接加压处理；或先抽真空减压，后加压；或先加压，再抽真空减压，再加压。
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CN106003276A (zh) * 2016-07-04 2016-10-12 湖北康欣新材料科技有限责任公司 一种新型集装箱底板
CN107732461A (zh) * 2017-08-31 2018-02-23 深圳市盛路物联通讯技术有限公司 一种天线反射板表面粘贴铝箔的方法
CN107732461B (zh) * 2017-08-31 2021-04-06 深圳市盛路物联通讯技术有限公司 一种天线反射板表面粘贴铝箔的方法
CN108638229A (zh) * 2018-05-10 2018-10-12 南京林业大学 一种利用速生木材单板制备轻型集装箱底板的方法
CN108943201A (zh) * 2018-07-26 2018-12-07 广西丰林木业集团股份有限公司 一种单板饰面超强刨花板及其制造工艺
CN110421655A (zh) * 2019-07-22 2019-11-08 石家庄华杰木业有限公司 复合一次成型双层胶板生态板及制作方法
CN110405868A (zh) * 2019-08-15 2019-11-05 泰安市森鑫工贸有限公司 双层木皮高强度人造板及其制造方法
CN113043410A (zh) * 2021-02-23 2021-06-29 江苏诚品环保科技有限公司 一种同向全桉芯胶合板基材及其生产方法
CN116373059A (zh) * 2023-01-16 2023-07-04 安徽管仲地板有限公司 一种木地板油漆生产工艺

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