WO2023155469A1 - 特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构及其施工方法 - Google Patents

特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构及其施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023155469A1
WO2023155469A1 PCT/CN2022/127356 CN2022127356W WO2023155469A1 WO 2023155469 A1 WO2023155469 A1 WO 2023155469A1 CN 2022127356 W CN2022127356 W CN 2022127356W WO 2023155469 A1 WO2023155469 A1 WO 2023155469A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
underground garage
drainage pipe
layer
road
garage
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2022/127356
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
魏纲
徐天宝
朱家烜
崔允亮
李冰
王可
项鹏飞
林双燕
王新泉
刁红国
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浙大城市学院
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Application filed by 浙大城市学院 filed Critical 浙大城市学院
Priority to US18/351,482 priority Critical patent/US11952728B2/en
Publication of WO2023155469A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023155469A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C1/00—Design or layout of roads, e.g. for noise abatement, for gas absorption
    • E01C1/002—Design or lay-out of roads, e.g. street systems, cross-sections ; Design for noise abatement, e.g. sunken road
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F5/00—Draining the sub-base, i.e. subgrade or ground-work, e.g. embankment of roads or of the ballastway of railways or draining-off road surface or ballastway drainage by trenches, culverts, or conduits or other specially adapted means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/16—Arrangement or construction of joints in foundation structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G23/0222—Replacing or adding wall ties
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0266—Enlarging
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0285—Repairing or restoring flooring

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the engineering construction field of underground space transformation, and in particular relates to a super large independent underground garage transformed into a road structure and a construction method thereof.
  • the traditional technology generally destroys the original super large independent underground garage as a whole, and then fills the soil layer and builds the road. But doing so not only has a large amount of engineering and a long construction period, but also causes a huge waste of resources.
  • Another way is to fill the original super-large independent underground garage with soil, and then build a new road.
  • the filled soil will have a huge earth pressure on the surrounding environment, so the top of the soil will be in line with the original If there are gaps between the roofs of extra-large independent underground garages, the strength of the soil will be greatly affected, so the carrying capacity of the road will decrease, which will affect people's travel safety. This is obviously unreasonable.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the traditional technology, and provide a kind of extra-large independent underground garage transformed into a road structure and its construction method.
  • This extra-large independent underground garage is transformed into a road structure, which is divided into a straight section in the front section, a transition section in the middle section, and a double-layer road section in the back section; a settlement joint is set between the front section and the middle section, and a settlement joint is set between the middle section and the rear section;
  • the opening of the bottom plate is set with drainage holes
  • the top of the bottom plate is set with graded gravel
  • the top of the graded gravel is set with foam concrete
  • the two sides of the foam concrete filled in blocks are fixedly connected with wooden formwork
  • the asphalt hemp is set.
  • the silk flexible material is fixedly connected to the wooden formwork
  • the top of the foam concrete is fixedly connected to the roof
  • the waterproof membrane is laid on the top of the roof
  • the clay layer is set on the top of the waterproof membrane
  • the slag is placed on the top of the clay layer and filled in layers
  • the central drainage pipe is set inside.
  • the longitudinal drainage pipe is buried on the side, and the horizontal drainage pipe is set between the central drainage pipe and the longitudinal drainage pipe.
  • Settlement joints part of the underground garage includes frame columns, and reinforced concrete sealing walls are set along the frame columns, steel bars are implanted inside the frame columns, bottom plate, and roof to form a steel cage, and upper supports are set under the roof, and lower supports are set on the bottom plate , the upper support and the lower support are fixedly connected with the steel cage to form a reinforced concrete sealing wall.
  • a partition wall is set on the right side of the settlement joint, and a waterproof membrane is laid between the right side of the partition wall and the wooden formwork.
  • the right side of the front straight section is the original The side wall of the underground garage, the side wall of the original underground garage fixedly connects the bottom plate with the road structure layer;
  • the central drainage pipe is set inside, the longitudinal drainage pipes are buried on both sides, the horizontal drainage pipe is arranged between the central drainage pipe and the longitudinal drainage pipe, and the upper part of the slag is fixedly connected to the road structure layer;
  • the left side of the middle transition section is partly reserved garage, and partly reserved garage Set up settlement joints between the underground garage and the reconstructed part, set up a partition wall on the right side of the settlement joint, and the right side of the middle transition section is the side wall of the original underground garage, which is fixedly connected to the bottom plate and the road structure layer;
  • the settlement joint includes foaming agent , Laying cement mortar mixed with plugging material above the foaming agent, fixedly connected to the water stop strip above the
  • Reconstruction of the double-layer road section in the rear section including frame columns, planting bars inside the frame columns, setting partition walls along the road direction, the upper side of the partition wall is fixedly connected to the girder in the transverse direction; the top plate and the lower side are fixedly connected to the upper plate and the lower plate;
  • the upper slab is laid with concrete layer, slag, and road structure layer in sequence from bottom to top;
  • a central drainage pipe is arranged inside the concrete layer, longitudinal drainage pipes are buried on both sides, and horizontal drainage pipes are arranged between the central drainage pipe and the longitudinal drainage pipes;
  • the road structure cushion, concrete base, coarse asphalt sublayer and fine asphalt surface are laid in sequence upwards;
  • the lower drainage system is located inside the concrete base and consists of lower horizontal drainage pipes, lower longitudinal drainage pipes and inspection wells, and the lower horizontal drainage pipes are along the It is laid perpendicular to the direction of the road, and the longitudinal drainage pipes of the lower layer are laid along both sides of the road direction, and an inspection well is set at the connecting part of the horizontal drainage
  • foam concrete is arranged on the top of the graded crushed stone, and the foam concrete is filled in blocks with preferred foam concrete materials;
  • the girder, the upper plate and the lower plate are all poured with high-strength concrete, and the steel bars in the lower plate use prestressed steel bars, and the crack control level of the lower plate is required to be two;
  • the construction method for transforming the extra-large independent underground garage into a road structure includes the following steps:
  • Pre-construction preparation transport the materials and equipment required for construction into the site, and clean up the construction site;
  • said S300 also includes the following steps:
  • setting partition walls setting partition walls on the sides of the settlement joints
  • Renovating part of the underground garages includes frame columns, setting reinforced concrete sealing walls along the frame columns, implanting steel bars inside the frame columns, bottom plates, and roofs to form a reinforcement cage, and setting upper supports under the roof.
  • the lower support is set on the bottom plate, and the upper support and the lower support are fixedly connected with the steel cage to form a reinforced concrete sealing wall;
  • Embedding drainage pipes a central drainage pipe is arranged inside the slag, longitudinal drainage pipes are buried on both sides, and a horizontal drainage pipe is arranged between the longitudinal drainage pipe and the central drainage pipe;
  • setting settlement joints setting settlement joints between part of the reserved garage and the part of the underground garage to be transformed;
  • said S400 also includes the following steps:
  • setting partition walls setting partition walls on the sides of the settlement joints
  • Renovating part of the underground garage includes frame columns, setting reinforced concrete sealing walls along the frame columns, implanting steel bars inside the frame columns, bottom plate, and roof to form a reinforcement cage, and setting upper supports under the roof.
  • the lower support is set on the bottom plate, and the upper support and the lower support are fixedly connected with the steel cage to form a reinforced concrete sealing wall;
  • Set up settlement joints Set up settlement joints between part of the reserved garages and part of the transformed underground garages; settlement joints include foaming agent, cement mortar mixed with plugging material laid on the foaming agent, and fixed connection stop above the cement mortar mixed with plugging material
  • the water strip and the water stop strip are fixedly connected to the waterproof coiled material, and the wooden formwork is fixedly connected to the waterproof coiled material;
  • said S500 also includes the following steps:
  • roof reconstruction the upper and lower sides of the roof of some underground garages are reconstructed, and the upper and lower sides of the roof are all bound with steel mesh, the upper and lower sides are laid with formwork, and concrete is poured to form the upper and lower slabs;
  • Upper road reconstruction Lay concrete layers, slag, and road structure layers on the newly poured upper slab from bottom to top in order to form the upper road;
  • the lower drainage system is laid inside the concrete base, which is composed of the lower horizontal drainage pipe, the lower longitudinal drainage pipe and the inspection well. Lay on the side, and set inspection wells at the connecting part of the lower horizontal drainage pipe and the lower longitudinal drainage pipe.
  • the innovation of the present invention lies in adopting segmented construction.
  • the front section of the transformation adopts all waste treatment, the transition section is set in the middle, and the rear section adopts a double-layer road design.
  • one section and one plan greatly improve the carrying capacity and use of the road structure. Life expectancy, greatly eased the situation of urban traffic congestion;
  • the new settlement joints designed in the transformation of the present invention can effectively reduce the influence of uneven settlement of the foundation caused by the transformation, which is very beneficial to the stability and safety of structures;
  • the foam concrete material is used for filling in the transformation of the present invention. On the one hand, it can reduce the load and reduce the settlement. On the other hand, it can be filled very densely and can fully bear the upper road structure;
  • the above-ground and underground double-layer roads designed in the transformation of the present invention can not only make full use of the original underground space structure, but also save resources and reduce costs.
  • Fig. 1 is the longitudinal section diagram of the reconstruction road of extra-large independent underground garage
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the front section of the road before the transformation of the super-large independent underground garage;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the road in the middle section of the extra-large independent underground garage transformation
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the road after the reconstruction of the extra large independent underground garage
  • Fig. 5 is a top view of the reconstruction road of an extra-large independent underground garage
  • Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of reinforced concrete sealing wall
  • Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the settlement joint of the super-large independent underground garage reconstruction road
  • Fig. 8 is the unreformed top view of the road in the back section of the extra-large independent underground garage
  • Fig. 9 is a top view of the structure of an extra-large independent underground garage transformed into an upper and lower double-layer road;
  • the load can be reduced and the settlement can be reduced; on the other hand, the foam concrete 3 can be filled very densely, and can fully bear the burden Structure;
  • the top of the roof 4 is laid with a waterproof membrane 5, and the waterproof membrane 5 is made of modified asphalt waterproof membrane, which can effectively prevent the foam concrete 3 below from being corroded;
  • the upper support is set at the corners of the roof 4 and the bottom 1 respectively 37 and lower support 30, prevent the right-angled structure that steel cage 31 is poured to form from being unstable, and also better resist the horizontal force that underground garage and partly retain garage 20 to produce simultaneously.
  • the bottom layer of the subsidence joint 12 is filled with a foaming agent 32 in the reconstruction of the middle stage of the present invention, and the polymer cement waterproof glue is used for waterproof treatment on the bottom layer, and then cement mortar is mixed with a plugging material 33 to fix it, and a water stop strip 34 is embedded to further strengthen the expansion and contraction Ability, finally use polymer cement mortar to plaster the surface, use waterproof roll material 5 on the plastered surface as double-layer V-shaped exterior wall protection, and use wooden formwork 16 for protection on the outermost layer.
  • the concrete layer 22, slag 7, and road structure layer 8 laid on the upper road, the road structure cushion 28, the concrete base layer 27, the rough asphalt lower layer 26 and the fine asphalt surface layer laid on the lower road 25.
  • Each layer should be compacted before laying the next layer, which can fully improve the carrying capacity of the road structure; double-layer road reconstruction is used to realize vehicle diversion, which greatly alleviates urban traffic congestion.
  • the above measures can ensure the construction quality of the extra-large independent underground garage transformed into a road structure.
  • the base plate 1 In the previous stage of renovation, it includes the base plate 1, the opening of the base plate 1 is provided with drainage holes 15, the top of the base plate 1 is equipped with graded gravel 2, and the top of the graded gravel 2 is equipped with foam concrete 3. Since the foam concrete 3 is large-volume concrete, the foam concrete 3 is filled in blocks, and the two sides of the foam concrete 3 filled in blocks are fixedly connected to the wooden formwork 16 in turn, and the asphalt hemp silk flexible material 17 is set, and the wooden formwork 16 is fixedly connected.
  • the whole is used as the expansion joint of the foamed concrete 3, and the foamed concrete 3
  • the top is fixedly connected to the top plate 4, the top of the top plate 4 is laid with a waterproof membrane 5, the top of the waterproof membrane 5 is set with a clay layer 6, and the top of the clay layer 6 is set with dross 7 for layered filling, and a central drainage pipe 9 is set inside, and vertical drainage pipes are buried on both sides.
  • the drainage pipe 10, the horizontal drainage pipe 14 is arranged between the central drainage pipe 9 and the longitudinal drainage pipe 10, the upper part of the slag 8 is fixedly connected to the road structure layer 8, and the right side of the settlement joint 12 is provided with a partition wall 11, and the right side of the partition wall 11 is connected with the wooden formwork 16 is laid with waterproof coiled material 5, the right side of the front straight section is the original underground garage side wall 19, and the original underground garage side wall 19 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 1 and the road structure layer 8, as shown in Figure 2;
  • Frame column 13 a reinforced concrete sealing wall 21 is arranged along the frame column 13, steel bars are implanted inside the frame column 13, bottom plate 1, and top plate 4 to form a reinforcement cage 31, an upper support 37 is set under the top plate 4, and a lower support is set on the bottom plate 1
  • the support 30, the upper support 37 and the lower support 30 are fixedly connected with the reinforcement cage 31 to form a reinforced concrete sealing wall 21, as shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6;
  • the transformation of the transitional section in the middle section includes base plate 1, drain hole 15 is set in the opening of base plate 1, graded crushed stone 2 is set on the top of base plate 1, foam concrete 3 is set on the top of graded gravel 2, clay layer 6 is laid on the top of foam concrete 3, clay layer 6 Set dross 7 on the top and fill in layers, set central drainage pipe 9 inside, and vertical drainage pipes 10 are buried on both sides.
  • Road structure layer 8 8.
  • a settlement joint 12 is set between the part of the reserved garage 20 and the modified part of the underground garage 35, a partition wall 11 is set on the right side of the settlement joint 12, and the right side of the middle transition section is the side wall 19 of the original underground garage , the side wall 19 of the original underground garage is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 1 and the road structure layer 8, as shown in Figure 3;
  • the settlement joint 12 includes a foaming agent 32, and above the foaming agent 32, a cement mortar mixed with a plugging material 33, and a cement mortar mixed with a plugging material 33 are laid.
  • the top of the material 33 is fixedly connected to the water stop strip 34, the top of the water stop strip 34 is fixedly connected to the waterproof coiled material 5, and the top of the waterproof coiled material 5 is fixedly connected to the wooden template 16, as shown in Figure 7;
  • Transforming double-layer roads includes frame columns 13, planting bars 18 inside the frame columns 13, partition walls 11 are set along the road direction, and the upper side of the partition wall 11 is fixedly connected to the girder 24 in the transverse direction; the upper and lower sides of the top plate 4 are fixedly connected to the upper plate 23 and Lower plate 29; lay concrete layer 22, slag 7, and road structure layer 8 on the upper plate 23 from bottom to top; central drainage pipe 9 is arranged inside the concrete layer 22, vertical drainage pipes 10 are buried on both sides, central drainage pipe 9 and Horizontal drainage pipes 14 are arranged between the longitudinal drainage pipes 10; road structure cushion 28, concrete base layer 27, rough asphalt lower layer 26 and fine asphalt surface layer 25 are laid sequentially on the floor 1 of the underground garage from bottom to top; the lower drainage system 40 Located inside the concrete base 27, it is composed of the lower horizontal drainage pipe 41, the lower longitudinal drainage pipe 38 and the inspection well 39.
  • the lower horizontal drainage pipe 41 is laid along the direction perpendicular to the road, and the lower vertical drainage pipe 38 is laid along both sides of the road direction, and is laid on the An inspection well 39 is provided at the connecting part of the lower horizontal drainage pipe 41 and the lower vertical drainage pipe 38 .
  • On the left side of the double-deck road section in the back section is a partially reserved garage 20, and a settlement joint 12 is set between the partially reserved garage 20 and the underground garage 35 in the modified part, and a partition wall 11 is set on the right side of the settlement joint 12, and on the right side of the double-deck road section in the back section is
  • the side wall 19 of the original underground garage, the side wall 19 of the original underground garage is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 1 and the road structure layer 8, refer to Fig. 4 and Fig. 9 .
  • a new urban expressway passes through a super large independent underground garage, covering an area of about 3023m 2 .
  • the super large independent underground garage is relatively large, and the main structure has a certain bearing capacity.
  • the present invention adopts a segmented construction method to carry out construction, and divides the extra-large independent underground garage into a front section, a middle section and a rear section.
  • Pre-construction preparation transport the materials and equipment required for construction into the site, and clean up the construction site;
  • burying drainage pipes a central drainage pipe 9 is arranged inside the slag 7, longitudinal drainage pipes 10 are buried on both sides, and a horizontal drainage pipe 14 is arranged between the longitudinal drainage pipe 10 and the central drainage pipe 9;
  • setting settlement joints 12 setting settlement joints 12 between the part of the reserved garage 20 and the part of the underground garage 35 to be transformed;
  • reforming part of the underground garage 35 includes frame column 13, setting reinforced concrete sealing wall 21 along frame column 13, and implanting steel bars inside frame column 13, bottom plate 1, and top plate 4 to form a reinforcement cage 31.
  • An upper support 37 is set under the top plate 4
  • a lower support 30 is set on the bottom plate 1, and the upper support 37 and the lower support 30 are fixedly connected with the reinforcement cage 31 to form a reinforced concrete sealing wall 21;
  • a central drainage pipe 9 is arranged inside the dregs 7, longitudinal drainage pipes 10 are buried on both sides, and a horizontal drainage pipe 14 is arranged between the longitudinal drainage pipe 10 and the central drainage pipe 9;
  • Set up settlement joints 12 Set up settlement joints 12 between the partially reserved garage 20 and the transformed underground garage 35; the settlement joints 12 include a foaming agent 32, and above the foaming agent 32, cement mortar mixed with plugging material 33 and cement mortar are laid The top of the plugging material 33 is fixedly connected to the water stop strip 34, the top of the water stop strip 34 is fixedly connected to the waterproof coiled material 5, and the top of the waterproof coiled material 5 is fixedly connected to the wooden template 16;
  • S501 broken wall: according to the need, break the outer wall 36 of the transformed part of the underground garage 35 directly opposite the road, and keep the side wall 19 of the original underground garage and part of the garage 20;
  • a central drainage pipe 9 is arranged inside the concrete layer 22, longitudinal drainage pipes 10 are buried on both sides, and a horizontal drainage pipe 14 is arranged between the longitudinal drainage pipe 10 and the central drainage pipe 9;
  • the lower drainage system 40 is laid inside the concrete base 27, and is composed of the lower horizontal drainage pipe 41, the lower longitudinal drainage pipe 38 and the inspection well 39.
  • the lower horizontal drainage pipe 41 is laid along the direction perpendicular to the road, and the lower vertical drainage pipe Drainage pipes 38 are laid on both sides along the road direction, and inspection wells 39 are provided at the connecting parts of the lower horizontal drainage pipes 41 and the lower vertical drainage pipes 38 .

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构及其施工方法，解决了新建城市快速路通过大型地下空间的问题。其技术要点是一种特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构的施工方法，包括如下步骤：S100、车库分段；S200、施工前准备，将施工所需的材料和设备运入场地，清理施工现场；S300、前段改造；S400、中段改造；S500、后段改造。本发明的创新在于采取分段施工，前段全部废弃，中间设置过渡段，后段采取双层道路设计，充分利用原地下车库结构；选用泡沫混凝土材料填充，不仅减轻荷重，减小沉降量，还填充得十分密实，能够充分地承载上部道路结构；改造设计的新型沉降缝，有效解决沉降不均匀问题；后段采取双层改造，实现车辆分流，缓解道路拥堵状况。

Description

特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构及其施工方法 技术领域
本发明属于地下空间改造的工程建设领域，特别涉及一种特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构及其施工方法。
背景技术
随着城市的发展，城市道路对城市的覆盖率逐渐提高，道路建设是城市建设不可缺少的部分。当新建道路如城市快速路通过存在特大型独立式地下车库的地方时，就会产生大量车辆荷载，甚至还有一定的填土高度。原有独立式地下车库受震动和大量附加荷载的影响，独立式地下车库便不能够继续正常使用。
遇到此类情况，传统技术一般是直接将原有特大型独立式地下车库整体破坏掉，然后填筑土层，修建道路。但这样做不仅工程量大，施工周期长，同时也会造成巨大的资源浪费。另外是将原有特大型独立式地下车库用土填满，然后修建新道路，但由于土体会发生沉降，填筑的土体会对周围环境产生巨大的土压力作用，所以土体顶部就会和原特大型独立式地下车库顶板之间产生缝隙，土体的强度也会受到巨大影响，故道路的承载能力便会下降，影响人们的出行安全，这样显然是不合理的。
但是上述方式均不适用于通过存在特大型独立式地下车库的地方，因此需要研制出一种适用于通过存在特大型独立式地下车库地方的道路结构及施工方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服传统技术的不足，提供一种特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构及其施工方法。
这种特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构，分为前段直行段、中段过渡段、后段双层道路段；前段与中段之间设置沉降缝，中段与后段之间设置沉降缝；
前段直行段改造，包括底板，底板开孔设置排水孔，底板顶部设置级配碎石，级配碎石顶部设置泡沫混凝土，分块填筑的泡沫混凝土两侧依次固定连接木模板、设置沥青麻丝柔性材料，固定连接木模板，泡沫混凝土顶部固定连接顶板，顶板顶部铺设防水卷材，防水卷材顶部设置粘土层，粘土层顶部设置宕渣并分层填筑，内部设置中央排水管道，两侧埋设纵向排水管，中央排水管道和纵向排水管之间设置横向排水管，宕渣上部固定连接道路结构层； 前段直行段左侧为部分保留车库，部分保留车库与改造部分地下车库之间设置沉降缝，改造部分地下车库内包括框架柱，沿框架柱设置钢筋混凝土封堵墙，框架柱、底板、顶板内部植入钢筋，形成钢筋笼，顶板下设置上支托，底板上设置下支托，上支托和下支托与钢筋笼固定连接，形成钢筋混凝土封堵墙，沉降缝右侧设置隔墙，隔墙右侧与木模板之间铺设防水卷材，前段直行段右侧为原地下车库侧墙，原地下车库侧墙固定连接底板与道路结构层；
中段过渡段改造，包括底板，底板开孔设置排水孔，底板顶部设置级配碎石，级配碎石顶部设置泡沫混凝土，泡沫混凝土顶部铺设粘土层，粘土层顶部设置宕渣并分层填筑，内部设置中央排水管道，两侧埋设纵向排水管，中央排水管道和纵向排水管之间设置横向排水管，宕渣上部固定连接道路结构层；中间过渡段左侧为部分保留车库，部分保留车库与改造部分地下车库之间设置沉降缝，沉降缝右侧设置隔墙，中间过渡段右侧为原地下车库侧墙，原地下车库侧墙固定连接底板与道路结构层；沉降缝包括发泡剂、发泡剂上方铺设水泥砂浆掺堵漏材料、水泥砂浆掺堵漏材料上方固定连接止水条、止水条上方固定连接防水卷材，防水卷材上方固定连接木模板；
后段双层道路段改造，包括框架柱，框架柱内部植筋，沿道路方向设置隔墙，隔墙的上侧横向方向固定连接大梁；顶板上、下侧固定连接上板和下板；在上板从下往上依次铺设混凝土层、宕渣、道路结构层；混凝土层内部设置中央排水管道，两侧埋设纵向排水管，中央排水管道和纵向排水管之间设置横向排水管；底板从下往上依次铺设道路结构垫层、混凝土基层、粗沥青下面层和细沥青面层；下层排水***位于混凝土基层内部，由下层水平排水管、下层纵向排水管和检查井组成，下层水平排水管沿垂直于道路方向铺设，下层纵向排水管沿道路方向两侧铺设，并在下层水平排水管和下层纵向排水管连接部分设置检查井；后段双层道路段左侧为部分保留车库，部分保留车库与改造部分地下车库之间设置沉降缝，沉降缝右侧设置隔墙，后段双层道路段右侧为原地下车库侧墙，原地下车库侧墙固定连接底板与道路结构层；
作为优选：所述级配碎石顶部设置泡沫混凝土，所述泡沫混凝土由优选泡沫混凝土材料进行分块填筑；
作为优选：所述大梁、上板和下板均由高强混凝土进行浇筑，且下板中的钢筋使用预应力钢筋，下板要求裂缝控制等级为二级；
这种特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构的施工方法，包括以下步骤：
S100、特大型地下车库分段：根据新建道路穿越原有特大型独立式地下车库的重要性、 结构承载能力、车库周边环境、土质等情况，确定分段尺寸及数量；
S200、施工前准备：将施工所需的材料和设备运入场地，清理施工现场；
S300、特大型独立式地下车库前段改造：根据施工要求，保留原地下车库的顶板，对前段直行段进行改造；
S400、特大型独立式地下车库中段改造：根据施工要求，破除原地下车库的顶板和内部柱子，对中段过渡段进行改造；
S500、特大型独立式地下车库后段改造：根据施工要求，后段道路改造为双层道路；
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述S300还包括下述步骤：
S301、设置隔墙：沉降缝侧边设置隔墙；
S302、设置钢筋混凝土封堵墙：改造部分地下车库内包括框架柱，沿框架柱设置钢筋混凝土封堵墙，框架柱、底板、顶板内部植入钢筋，形成钢筋笼，顶板下设置上支托，底板上设置下支托，上支托和下支托与钢筋笼固定连接，形成钢筋混凝土封堵墙；
S303、设置排水孔：将底板破洞并设置排水孔；
S304、铺设级配碎石：在底板顶部铺设级配碎石；
S305、设置伸缩缝：在框架柱之间设置木模板，木模板之间填塞沥青麻丝柔性材料；
S306、设置防水卷材：在框架柱右侧设置防水卷材，原地下车库侧墙左侧设置防水卷材；
S307、填筑泡沫混凝土：分块填筑泡沫混凝土至顶板顶部位置处；
S308、铺设防水卷材：在顶板顶部铺设防水卷材；
S309、设置粘土层：在防水卷材顶部设置粘土层；
S310、分层填筑宕渣：在粘土层顶部进行分层填筑宕渣；
S311、埋设排水管道：在宕渣内部设置中央排水管道，两侧埋设纵向排水管，纵向排水管和中央排水管道之间设置横向排水管；
S312、铺设道路结构层：在宕渣层上部按照施工要求进行道路结构层的铺设；
S313、设置沉降缝：在部分保留车库与改造部分地下车库之间设置沉降缝；
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述S400还包括下述步骤：
S401、破除部分原地下车库的顶板与框架柱；
S402、设置隔墙：沉降缝侧边设置隔墙；
S403、设置钢筋混凝土封堵墙：改造部分地下车库内包括框架柱，沿框架柱设置钢筋混凝土封堵墙，框架柱、底板、顶板内部植入钢筋，形成钢筋笼，顶板下设置上支托，底板上 设置下支托，上支托和下支托与钢筋笼固定连接，形成钢筋混凝土封堵墙；
S404、设置排水孔：将底板破洞并设置排水孔；
S405、铺设级配碎石：在底板顶部铺设级配碎石；
S406、填筑泡沫混凝土：分块填筑泡沫混凝土；
S407、设置粘土层：在泡沫混凝土顶部设置粘土层；
S408、分层填筑宕渣：在粘土层顶部进行分层填筑宕渣；
S409、埋设排水管道：在宕渣内部设置中央排水管道，两侧埋设纵向排水管，纵向排水管和中央排水管道之间设置横向排水管；
S410、铺设道路结构层：在宕渣层上部按照施工要求进行道路结构层的铺设；
S411、设置沉降缝：在部分保留车库与改造部分地下车库之间设置沉降缝；沉降缝包括发泡剂、发泡剂上方铺设水泥砂浆掺堵漏材料、水泥砂浆掺堵漏材料上方固定连接止水条、止水条上方固定连接防水卷材，防水卷材上方固定连接木模板；
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述S500还包括下述步骤：
S501、破碎墙体：根据需要将道路正对面的改造部分地下车库的外墙破碎掉，保留原地下车库侧墙和部分保留车库；
S502、设置隔墙和大梁：在改造部分和保留部分之间的框架柱保留在保留部分这一边，改造部分地下车库的框架柱上植筋，沿道路方向绑扎钢筋浇筑混凝土形成隔墙，并在隔墙的上侧横向方向浇筑大梁；
S503、顶板改造：改造部分地下车库的顶板的上、下侧全部凿毛，顶板的上下侧都绑扎钢筋网片，上下侧铺设模板，浇筑混凝土，形成上板和下板；
S504、上层道路改造：在新浇筑的上板从下往上依次铺设混凝土层、宕渣、道路结构层，组成上层道路；
S505、埋设上层排水管：在混凝土层内部设置中央排水管道，两侧埋设纵向排水管，纵向排水管和中央排水管道之间设置横向排水管；
S506、下层道路改造：地下车库的底板从下往上依次铺设道路结构垫层、混凝土基层、粗沥青下面层和细沥青面层；
S507、埋设下层排水管：下层排水***铺设在混凝土基层里面，由下层水平排水管、下层纵向排水管和检查井组成，下层水平排水管沿垂直于道路方向铺设，下层纵向排水管沿道路方向两侧铺设，并在下层水平排水管和下层纵向排水管连接部分设置检查井。
本发明的特别之处和有益效果是：
1、本发明的创新在于采取分段施工，前段改造采取全部废弃处理，中间设置过渡段，后段采取双层道路设计，根据实际情况，一段一方案，大大提高了道路结构的承载能力及使用寿命，极大程度上缓解了城市交通拥堵的状况；
2、本发明的改造中所设计的新型沉降缝有效地降低因改造而带来的地基不均匀沉降影响，非常有利于结构物的稳定与安全；
3、本发明的改造中选用泡沫混凝土材料填充，一方面可以减轻荷重，减小沉降量，另一方面可以填充得十分密实，能够充分地承载上部的道路结构；
4、本发明的改造中所设计的地上、地下双层道路不仅能够充分利用原有地下空间结构，还能节约资源，降低成本。
附图说明
图1为特大型独立式地下车库改造道路纵断面图；
图2为特大型独立式地下车库改造前段道路横断面图；
图3为特大型独立式地下车库改造中段道路横断面图；
图4为特大型独立式地下车库改造后段道路横断面图；
图5为特大型独立式地下车库改造道路俯视图；
图6为钢筋混凝土封堵墙示意图；
图7为特大型独立式地下车库改造道路沉降缝剖面图；
图8为特大型独立式地下车库后段道路未改造的俯视图；
图9为特大型独立式地下车库改造为上下双层道路的结构俯视图；
附图标记说明：1-底板，2-级配碎石，3-泡沫混凝土，4-顶板，5-防水卷材，6-粘土层，7-宕渣，8-道路结构层，9-中央排水管道，10-纵向排水管，11-隔墙，12-沉降缝，13-框架柱，14-横向排水管，15-排水孔，16-木模板，17-沥青麻丝柔性材料，18-植筋，19-原地下车库侧墙，20-部分保留车库，21-钢筋混凝土封堵墙，22-混凝土层，23-上板，24-大梁，25-细沥青面层，26-粗沥青下面层，27-混凝土基层，28-道路结构垫层，29-下板，30-下支托，31-钢筋笼，32-发泡剂，33-水泥砂浆掺堵漏材料，34-止水条，35-改造部分地下车库，36-外墙，37-上支托，38-下层纵向排水管，39-检查井，40-下层排水***，41-下层水平排水管。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。下述实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
本发明前段改造中，通过在级配碎石2上部选用泡沫混凝土3材料进行填充，一方面可以减轻荷重，减小沉降量，另一方面泡沫混凝土3可以填充得十分密实，能够充分承担上部道路结构；顶板4顶部铺设防水卷材5，防水卷材5选用改性沥青防水卷材制作而成，可以有效防止下方泡沫混凝土3被侵蚀；在顶板4和底板1的墙角处分别设置上支托37和下支托30，防止钢筋笼31浇筑形成的直角结构不稳定，同时也更好抵抗地下车库与部分保留车库20产生的水平力。
本发明中段改造中沉降缝12底层用发泡剂32填充，在底层上用聚合物水泥防水胶作防水处理，再用水泥砂浆掺堵漏材料33固定，埋入止水条34，进一步加强伸缩能力，后用聚合物水泥砂浆抹面，在抹面上用防水卷材5作双层V型外墙防护，最外层使用木模板16作防护。
本发明后段改造中，所述上层道路铺设的混凝土层22、宕渣7、道路结构层8，下层道路铺设的道路结构垫层28、混凝土基层27、粗沥青下面层26和细沥青面层25，每一层均应压实之后再铺设下一层，这样能够充分提高道路结构承载能力；采用双层道路改造，实现车辆分流，极大程度缓解了城市交通拥堵的状况。
以上措施可以确保特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构的施工质量。
实施例一
这种特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构的道路纵断面示意图，可参考图1。
前段改造中，包括底板1，底板1开孔设置排水孔15，底板1顶部设置级配碎石2，级配碎石2顶部设置泡沫混凝土3，由于泡沫混凝土3是大体积混凝土，所以泡沫混凝土3分块进行填筑，分块填筑的泡沫混凝土3两侧依次固定连接木模板16、设置沥青麻丝柔性材料17，固定连接木模板16，整体作为泡沫混凝土3的伸缩缝，泡沫混凝土3顶部固定连接顶板4，顶板4顶部铺设防水卷材5，防水卷材5顶部设置粘土层6，粘土层6顶部设置宕渣7进行分层填筑，内部设置中央排水管道9，两侧埋设纵向排水管10，中央排水管道9和纵向排水管10之间设置横向排水管14，宕渣8上部固定连接道路结构层8，沉降缝12右侧设置隔墙11，隔墙11右侧与木模板16之间铺设防水卷材5，前段直行段右侧为原地下车库侧墙19，原地下车库侧墙19固定连接底板1与道路结构层8，可参考图2；改造部分地下车库35内包 括框架柱13，沿框架柱13设置钢筋混凝土封堵墙21，框架柱13、底板1、顶板4内部植入钢筋，形成钢筋笼31，顶板4下设置上支托37，底板1上设置下支托30，上支托37和下支托30与钢筋笼31固定连接，形成钢筋混凝土封堵墙21，可参考图5与图6；
中段过渡段改造，包括底板1，底板1开孔设置排水孔15，底板1顶部设置级配碎石2，级配碎石2顶部设置泡沫混凝土3，泡沫混凝土3顶部铺设粘土层6，粘土层6顶部设置宕渣7并分层填筑，内部设置中央排水管道9，两侧埋设纵向排水管10，中央排水管道9和纵向排水管10之间设置横向排水管14，宕渣7上部固定连接道路结构层8。中间过渡段左侧为部分保留车库20，部分保留车库20与改造部分地下车库35之间设置沉降缝12，沉降缝12右侧设置隔墙11，中间过渡段右侧为原地下车库侧墙19，原地下车库侧墙19固定连接底板1与道路结构层8，可参考图3；沉降缝12包括发泡剂32、发泡剂32上方铺设水泥砂浆掺堵漏材料33、水泥砂浆掺堵漏材料33上方固定连接止水条34、止水条34上方固定连接防水卷材5，防水卷材5上方固定连接木模板16，可参考图7；
后段双层道路段改造示意图，可参考图4。未改造前的独立式地下车库，可参考图8。改造双层道路包括框架柱13，框架柱13内部植筋18，沿道路方向设置隔墙11，隔墙11的上侧横向方向固定连接大梁24；顶板4上、下侧固定连接上板23和下板29；在上板23从下往上依次铺设混凝土层22、宕渣7、道路结构层8；混凝土层22内部设置中央排水管道9，两侧埋设纵向排水管10，中央排水管道9和纵向排水管10之间设置横向排水管14；地下车库的底板1上从下往上依次铺设道路结构垫层28、混凝土基层27、粗沥青下面层26和细沥青面层25；下层排水***40位于混凝土基层27内部，由下层水平排水管41、下层纵向排水管38和检查井39组成，下层水平排水管41沿垂直于道路方向铺设，下层纵向排水管38沿道路方向两侧铺设，并在下层水平排水管41和下层纵向排水管38连接部分设置检查井39。后段双层道路段左侧为部分保留车库20，部分保留车库20与改造部分地下车库35之间设置沉降缝12，沉降缝12右侧设置隔墙11，后段双层道路段右侧为原地下车库侧墙19，原地下车库侧墙19固定连接底板1与道路结构层8，可参考图4与图9。
实施例二
具体实施：某新建城市快速路通过特大型独立式地下车库，占地面积约3023m 2，该特大型独立式地下车库较大，主体结构有一定承载力。
本发明根据实际情况，采用分段施工方法进行施工，将特大型独立式地下车库分为前段、中段、后段。
具体施工时，按照以下施工步骤：
S100、特大型地下车库分段：根据新建道路穿越原有特大型独立式地下车库的重要性、结构承载能力、车库周边环境、土质等情况，确定分段尺寸及数量；
S200、施工前准备：将施工所需的材料和设备运入场地，清理施工现场；
S300、特大型独立式地下车库前段改造：根据施工要求，保留原地下车库的顶板4，对前段直行段进行改造；
S301、设置隔墙11：沉降缝12侧边设置隔墙11；
S302、设置钢筋混凝土封堵墙21：改造部分地下车库35内包括框架柱13，沿框架柱13设置钢筋混凝土封堵墙21，框架柱13、底板1、顶板4内部植入钢筋，形成钢筋笼31，顶板4下设置上支托37，底板1上设置下支托30，上支托37和下支托30与钢筋笼31固定连接，形成钢筋混凝土封堵墙21；
S303、设置排水孔15：将底板1破洞并设置排水孔15；
S304、铺设级配碎石2：在底板1顶部铺设级配碎石2；
S305、设置伸缩缝：在框架柱13之间设置木模板16，木模板16之间填塞沥青麻丝柔性材料17；
S306、设置防水卷材5：在框架柱13右侧设置防水卷材5，原地下车库侧墙19左侧设置防水卷材5；
S307、填筑泡沫混凝土3：分块填筑泡沫混凝土3至顶板4顶部位置处；
S308、铺设防水卷材5：在顶板4顶部铺设防水卷材5；
S309、设置粘土层6：在防水卷材5顶部设置粘土层6；
S310、分层填筑宕渣7：在粘土层6顶部进行分层填筑宕渣7；
S311、埋设排水管道：在宕渣7内部设置中央排水管道9，两侧埋设纵向排水管10，纵向排水管10和中央排水管道9之间设置横向排水管14；
S312、铺设道路结构层8：在宕渣7层上部按照施工要求进行道路结构层8的铺设；
S313、设置沉降缝12：在部分保留车库20与改造部分地下车库35之间设置沉降缝12；
S400、特大型独立式地下车库中段改造：根据施工要求，破除原地下车库的顶板4和内部柱子，对中段过渡段进行改造；
S401、破除部分原地下车库的顶板4与框架柱13；
S402、设置隔墙11：沉降缝12侧边设置隔墙11；
S403、设置钢筋混凝土封堵墙21：改造部分地下车库35内包括框架柱13，沿框架柱13设置钢筋混凝土封堵墙21，框架柱13、底板1、顶板4内部植入钢筋，形成钢筋笼31，顶板4下设置上支托37，底板1上设置下支托30，上支托37和下支托30与钢筋笼31固定连接，形成钢筋混凝土封堵墙21；
S404、设置排水孔15：将底板1破洞并设置排水孔15；
S405、铺设级配碎石2：在底板1顶部铺设级配碎石2；
S406、填筑泡沫混凝土3：分块填筑泡沫混凝土3；
S407、设置粘土层6：在泡沫混凝土3顶部设置粘土层6；
S408、分层填筑宕渣7：在粘土层6顶部进行分层填筑宕渣7；
S409、埋设排水管道：在宕渣7内部设置中央排水管道9，两侧埋设纵向排水管10，纵向排水管10和中央排水管道9之间设置横向排水管14；
S410、铺设道路结构层8：在宕渣7层上部按照施工要求进行道路结构层8的铺设；
S411、设置沉降缝12：在部分保留车库20与改造部分地下车库35之间设置沉降缝12；沉降缝12包括发泡剂32、发泡剂32上方铺设水泥砂浆掺堵漏材料33、水泥砂浆掺堵漏材料33上方固定连接止水条34、止水条34上方固定连接防水卷材5，防水卷材5上方固定连接木模板16；
S500、特大型独立式地下车库后段改造：根据施工要求，后段道路改造为双层道路；
S501、破碎墙体：根据需要将道路正对面的改造部分地下车库35的外墙36破碎掉，保留原地下车库侧墙19和部分保留车库20；
S502、设置隔墙11和大梁24：在改造部分和保留部分之间的框架柱13保留在保留部分这一边，改造部分地下车库35的框架柱13上植筋18，沿道路方向绑扎钢筋浇筑混凝土形成隔墙11，并在隔墙11的上侧横向方向浇筑大梁24；
S503、顶板4改造：改造部分地下车库35的顶板4的上、下侧全部凿毛，顶板4的上下侧都绑扎钢筋网片，上下侧铺设模板，浇筑混凝土，形成上板23和下板29；
S504、上层道路改造：在新浇筑的上板23从下往上依次铺设混凝土层22、宕渣7、道路结构层8，组成上层道路；
S505、埋设上层排水管：在混凝土层22内部设置中央排水管道9，两侧埋设纵向排水管10，纵向排水管10和中央排水管道9之间设置横向排水管14；
S506、下层道路改造：地下车库的底板1从下往上依次铺设道路结构垫层28、混凝土基 层27、粗沥青下面层26和细沥青面层25；
S507、埋设下层排水管：下层排水***40铺设在混凝土基层27里面，由下层水平排水管41、下层纵向排水管38和检查井39组成，下层水平排水管41沿垂直于道路方向铺设，下层纵向排水管38沿道路方向两侧铺设，并在下层水平排水管41和下层纵向排水管38连接部分设置检查井39。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构，其特征在于：这种特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构，分为前段直行段、中段过渡段、后段双层道路段；前段与中段之间设置沉降缝(12)，中段与后段之间设置沉降缝(12)；
    前段直行段包括底板(1)，底板(1)开孔设置排水孔(15)，底板(1)顶部设置级配碎石(2)，级配碎石(2)顶部设置泡沫混凝土(3)，分块填筑的泡沫混凝土(3)两侧依次固定连接木模板(16)、设置沥青麻丝柔性材料(17)，固定连接木模板(16)，泡沫混凝土(3)顶部固定连接顶板(4)，顶板(4)顶部铺设防水卷材(5)，防水卷材(5)顶部设置粘土层(6)，粘土层(6)顶部设置宕渣(7)并分层填筑，内部设置中央排水管道(9)，两侧埋设纵向排水管(10)，中央排水管道(9)和纵向排水管(10)之间设置横向排水管(14)，宕渣(7)上部固定连接道路结构层(8)；前段直行段左侧为部分保留车库(20)，部分保留车库(20)与改造部分地下车库(35)之间设置沉降缝(12)，改造部分地下车库(35)内包括框架柱(13)，沿框架柱(13)设置钢筋混凝土封堵墙(21)，框架柱(13)、底板(1)、顶板(4)内部植入钢筋，形成钢筋笼(31)，顶板(4)下设置上支托(37)，底板(1)上设置下支托(30)，上支托(37)和下支托(30)与钢筋笼(31)固定连接，形成钢筋混凝土封堵墙(21)，沉降缝(12)右侧设置隔墙(11)，隔墙(11)右侧与木模板(16)之间铺设防水卷材(5)，前段直行段右侧为原地下车库侧墙(19)，原地下车库侧墙(19)固定连接底板(1)与道路结构层(8)；
    中段过渡段包括底板(1)，底板(1)开孔设置排水孔(15)，底板(1)顶部设置级配碎石(2)，级配碎石(2)顶部设置泡沫混凝土(3)，泡沫混凝土(3)顶部铺设粘土层(6)，粘土层(6)顶部设置宕渣(7)并分层填筑，内部设置中央排水管道(9)，两侧埋设纵向排水管(10)，中央排水管道(9)和纵向排水管(10)之间设置横向排水管(14)，宕渣(7)上部固定连接道路结构层(8)；中间过渡段左侧为部分保留车库(20)，部分保留车库(20)与改造部分地下车库(35)之间设置沉降缝(12)，沉降缝(12)右侧设置隔墙(11)，中间过渡段右侧为原地下车库侧墙(19)，原地下车库侧墙(19)固定连接底板(1)与道路结构层(8)；沉降缝(12)包括发泡剂(32)、发泡剂(32)上方铺设水泥砂浆掺堵漏材料(33)、水泥砂浆掺堵漏材料(33)上方固定连接止水条(34)、止水条(34)上方固定连接防水卷材(5)，防水卷材(5)上方固定连接木模板(16)；
    后段双层道路段包括框架柱(13)，框架柱(13)内部植筋(18)，沿道路方向设置隔墙(11)，隔墙(11)的上侧横向方向固定连接大梁(24)；顶板(4)上、下侧固定连接上板(23)和下板(29)；在上板(23)从下往上依次铺设混凝土层(22)、宕渣(7)、道路结构层(8)；混凝土层(22)内部设置中央排水管道(9)，两侧埋设纵向排水管(10)，中央排水管道(9)和纵向排水管(10)之间设置横向排水管(14)；底板(1)从下往上依次铺设道路结构垫层(28)、混凝土基层(27)、粗沥 青下面层(26)和细沥青面层(25)；下层排水***(40)位于混凝土基层(27)内部，由下层水平排水管(41)、下层纵向排水管(38)和检查井(39)组成，下层水平排水管(41)沿垂直于道路方向铺设，下层纵向排水管(38)沿道路方向两侧铺设，并在下层水平排水管(41)和下层纵向排水管(38)连接部分设置检查井(39)；后段双层道路段左侧为部分保留车库(20)，部分保留车库(20)与改造部分地下车库(35)之间设置沉降缝(12)，沉降缝(12)右侧设置隔墙(11)，后段双层道路段右侧为原地下车库侧墙(19)，原地下车库侧墙(19)固定连接底板(1)与道路结构层(8)；
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构，其特征在于：所述级配碎石(2)顶部设置泡沫混凝土(3)，所述泡沫混凝土(3)由优选泡沫混凝土材料进行分块填筑；
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构，其特征在于：所述大梁(24)、上板(23)和下板(29)均由高强混凝土进行浇筑，且下板(29)中的钢筋使用预应力钢筋，下板(29)要求裂缝控制等级为二级；
  4. 一种如权利要求1所述的一种特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构的施工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S100、特大型地下车库分段：根据新建道路穿越原有特大型独立式地下车库的重要性、结构承载能力、车库周边环境、土质等情况，确定分段尺寸及数量；
    S200、施工前准备：将施工所需的材料和设备运入场地，清理施工现场；
    S300、特大型独立式地下车库前段改造：根据施工要求，保留原地下车库的顶板(4)，对前段直行段进行改造；
    S400、特大型独立式地下车库中段改造：根据施工要求，破除原地下车库的顶板(4)和内部柱子，对中段过渡段进行改造；
    S500、特大型独立式地下车库后段改造：根据施工要求，后段道路改造为双层道路。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构的施工方法，其特征在于，所述S300还包括下述步骤：
    S301、设置隔墙(11)：沉降缝(12)侧边设置隔墙(11)；
    S302、设置钢筋混凝土封堵墙(21)：改造部分地下车库(35)内包括框架柱(13)，沿框架柱(13)设置钢筋混凝土封堵墙(21)，框架柱(13)、底板(1)、顶板(4)内部植入钢筋，形成钢筋笼(31)，顶板(4)下设置上支托(37)，底板(1)上设置下支托(30)，上支托(37)和下支托(30)与钢筋笼(31)固定连接，形成钢筋混凝土封堵墙(21)；
    S303、设置排水孔(15)：将底板(1)破洞并设置排水孔(15)；
    S304、铺设级配碎石(2)：在底板(1)顶部铺设级配碎石(2)；
    S305、设置伸缩缝：在框架柱(13)之间设置木模板(16)，木模板(16)之间填塞沥青麻丝柔性材料(17)；
    S306、设置防水卷材(5)：在框架柱(13)右侧设置防水卷材(5)，原地下车库侧墙(19)左侧设置防水卷材(5)；
    S307、填筑泡沫混凝土(3)：分块填筑泡沫混凝土(3)至顶板(4)顶部位置处；
    S308、铺设防水卷材(5)：在顶板(4)顶部铺设防水卷材(5)；
    S309、设置粘土层(6)：在防水卷材(5)顶部设置粘土层(6)；
    S310、分层填筑宕渣(7)：在粘土层(6)顶部进行分层填筑宕渣(7)；
    S311、埋设排水管道：在宕渣(7)内部设置中央排水管道(9)，两侧埋设纵向排水管(10)，纵向排水管(10)和中央排水管道(9)之间设置横向排水管(14)；
    S312、铺设道路结构层(8)：在宕渣(7)层上部按照施工要求进行道路结构层(8)的铺设；
    S313、设置沉降缝(12)：在部分保留车库(20)与改造部分地下车库(35)之间设置沉降缝(12)。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构的施工方法，其特征在于，所述S400还包括下述步骤：
    S401、破除部分原地下车库的顶板(4)与框架柱(13)；
    S402、设置隔墙(11)：沉降缝(12)侧边设置隔墙(11)；
    S403、设置钢筋混凝土封堵墙(21)：改造部分地下车库(35)内包括框架柱(13)，沿框架柱(13)设置钢筋混凝土封堵墙(21)，框架柱(13)、底板(1)、顶板(4)内部植入钢筋，形成钢筋笼(31)，顶板(4)下设置上支托(37)，底板(1)上设置下支托(30)，上支托(37)和下支托(30)与钢筋笼(31)固定连接，形成钢筋混凝土封堵墙(21)；
    S404、设置排水孔(15)：将底板(1)破洞并设置排水孔(15)；
    S405、铺设级配碎石(2)：在底板(1)顶部铺设级配碎石(2)；
    S406、填筑泡沫混凝土(3)：分块填筑泡沫混凝土(3)；
    S407、设置粘土层(6)：在泡沫混凝土(3)顶部设置粘土层(6)；
    S408、分层填筑宕渣(7)：在粘土层(6)顶部进行分层填筑宕渣(7)；
    S409、埋设排水管道：在宕渣(7)内部设置中央排水管道(9)，两侧埋设纵向排水管(10)，纵向排水管(10)和中央排水管道(9)之间设置横向排水管(14)；
    S410、铺设道路结构层(8)：在宕渣(7)层上部按照施工要求进行道路结构层(8)的铺设；
    S411、设置沉降缝(12)：在部分保留车库(20)与改造部分地下车库(35)之间设置沉降缝(12)；沉降缝(12)包括发泡剂(32)、发泡剂(32)上方铺设水泥砂浆掺堵漏材料(33)、水泥砂浆掺堵漏材料(33)上方固定连接止水条(34)、止水条(34)上方固定连接防水卷材(5)，防水卷材(5)上方固定连接木模板(16)。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的一种特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构的施工方法，其特征在于，所述S500还包括下述步骤：
    S501、破碎墙体：根据需要将道路正对面的改造部分地下车库(35)的外墙(36)破碎掉，保留原地下车库侧墙(19)和部分保留车库(20)；
    S502、设置隔墙(11)和大梁(24)：在改造部分和保留部分之间的框架柱(13)保留在保留部分这一边，改造部分地下车库(35)的框架柱(13)上植筋(18)，沿道路方向绑扎钢筋浇筑混凝土形成隔墙(11)，并在隔墙(11)的上侧横向方向浇筑大梁(24)；
    S503、顶板(4)改造：改造部分地下车库(35)的顶板(4)的上、下侧全部凿毛，顶板(4)的上下侧都绑扎钢筋网片，上下侧铺设模板，浇筑混凝土，形成上板(23)和下板(29)；
    S504、上层道路改造：在新浇筑的上板(23)从下往上依次铺设混凝土层(22)、宕渣(7)、道路结构层(8)，组成上层道路；
    S505、埋设上层排水管：在混凝土层(22)内部设置中央排水管道(9)，两侧埋设纵向排水管(10)，纵向排水管(10)和中央排水管道(9)之间设置横向排水管(14)；
    S506、下层道路改造：地下车库的底板(1)从下往上依次铺设道路结构垫层(28)、混凝土基层(27)、粗沥青下面层(26)和细沥青面层(25)；
    S507、埋设下层排水管：下层排水***(40)铺设在混凝土基层(27)里面，由下层水平排水管(41)、下层纵向排水管(38)和检查井(39)组成，下层水平排水管(41)沿垂直于道路方向铺设，下层纵向排水管(38)沿道路方向两侧铺设，并在下层水平排水管(41)和下层纵向排水管(38)连接部分设置检查井(39)。
PCT/CN2022/127356 2022-02-16 2022-10-25 特大型独立式地下车库改造为道路结构及其施工方法 WO2023155469A1 (zh)

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