WO2022252342A1 - 一种精准定位切割机及其切割方法 - Google Patents

一种精准定位切割机及其切割方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022252342A1
WO2022252342A1 PCT/CN2021/105415 CN2021105415W WO2022252342A1 WO 2022252342 A1 WO2022252342 A1 WO 2022252342A1 CN 2021105415 W CN2021105415 W CN 2021105415W WO 2022252342 A1 WO2022252342 A1 WO 2022252342A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
positioning
cutting
positioning plate
transmission shaft
workpiece
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PCT/CN2021/105415
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李萌
褚勇华
陈挺
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南京涵铭置智能科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2022252342A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022252342A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06Work-clamping means
    • B23Q3/08Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated
    • B23Q3/082Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated hydraulically actuated
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/22Feeding members carrying tools or work

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of cutting machines, in particular to a precise positioning cutting machine and a cutting method thereof.
  • the cutting machines currently used for cutting can be divided into CNC cutting machines, plasma cutting machines, laser cutting machines and water cutting machines and so on.
  • the workbench is provided with a clamping and positioning mechanism, for example, the sheet is clamped in the clamping pliers, when the cutting machine is cutting, because the cutting knife vibrates at high speed, when it touches the sheet, , because the contact area between the clamp and the plate is small, and the clamp is a cantilever beam structure, extending a long distance from the body, under the action of the internal resistance of the plate, the cantilever beam of the clamp is subject to the moment The action causes vibration between the clamp and the plate. With the accumulation of vibration energy, the vibration amplitude will increase, which may cause the position of the plate to move, resulting in a change in the cutting trajectory.
  • the positioning accuracy of the existing clamping pliers is relatively poor, and the positioning effect is not good.
  • the present invention provides a precise positioning cutting machine and a cutting method thereof.
  • a precise positioning cutting machine comprising:
  • a workbench including a first work surface and a second work surface
  • the cutting mechanism installed on the first working surface, the cutting mechanism has a cutting knife extending a predetermined distance toward the second working surface for cutting workpieces;
  • the transmission assembly includes a group of parallel screw assemblies installed on the second working surface along the transverse direction, and a horizontal sliding table whose two ends are respectively connected to the screw assembly and can reciprocate along the length direction of the screw;
  • the slide table is provided with a longitudinal slide rail extending along its length direction, and the longitudinal slide rail is provided with a longitudinal slide table;
  • the positioning mechanism includes two sets of positioning units, each set of positioning units includes a set of fixed seats installed on the longitudinal slide table, a set of transmission shafts respectively connected to the fixed seats, a positioning plate connected with a set of drive shafts, and two The hydraulic cylinders connected to the transmission shaft at the ends respectively;
  • the positioning plate By driving the drive shaft to move in the forward or reverse direction, the positioning plate rises or falls; the positioning plates in the two sets of positioning units move in opposite directions, and a clamping space is formed between the two positioning plates;
  • the pressure direction of the positioning plate on the workpiece is parallel to the cutting surface.
  • the positioning mechanism includes a first positioning unit and a second positioning unit
  • the first positioning unit includes: a first hydraulic cylinder and a first driving device for driving the first hydraulic cylinder to work ; at least two first swing rods, respectively connected to both ends of the first hydraulic cylinder; a first fixed seat, arranged on the first swing rod; a first transmission shaft, one end of which passes through the first fixed seat It is connected with the first swing rod; the first positioning plate has at least two first through holes on one side; the first transmission shaft is movably connected with the first positioning plate through the first through holes.
  • the first hydraulic cylinder drives the first swing rod to rotate
  • the first swing rod drives the first transmission shaft to rotate
  • the first transmission shaft drives the first positioning plate to move
  • the first positioning plate is raised or lowered.
  • the second positioning unit includes: a second positioning plate, relatively arranged below the first positioning plate, the size of the second positioning plate is larger than the size of the first positioning; At least two second through holes are set on one side of the second positioning plate; the second transmission shaft, one end of which passes through the second through hole, is movably connected with the second positioning plate; The other end of the shaft runs through; at least two second swing rods are connected to the second transmission shaft; the second hydraulic cylinder is connected to the second swing rod at both ends of the second hydraulic cylinder; the second drive A device for driving the second hydraulic cylinder to work.
  • the operation of the second hydraulic cylinder drives the rotation of the second swing rod
  • the second swing rod drives the rotation of the second transmission shaft
  • the second transmission shaft drives the movement of the second positioning plate to realize the rise or fall of the second positioning plate
  • the size of the second positioning plate is larger than that of the first positioning plate, so that the barrier-free surface bonding of the second positioning plate, the workpiece and the first positioning plate is realized.
  • first fixing bases are respectively provided with vertical guide grooves
  • second positioning plates are respectively provided with guide grooves that cooperate with the guide grooves to make the second positioning plate reciprocate in the vertical direction. Guides that move and reduce sideways movement.
  • the guide piece slides in the guide groove, so that the second positioning plate can move back and forth in the vertical direction, and the side movement of the second positioning plate is reduced.
  • first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft are rotatably connected to the longitudinal sliding table; bearing positioning grooves are provided on the longitudinal sliding table, and one end of the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft are respectively connected to The inner ring of the bearing is fixedly connected, and the outer ring of the bearing is fixed in the bearing positioning groove, so that the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft have a degree of freedom of rotation along the central axis.
  • the first transmission shaft and the second rotating shaft have a degree of freedom of rotation, and there is no degree of freedom of movement in the vertical direction or in the plane of the longitudinal slide table, thereby driving the first positioning plate and the second positioning plate to face each other or reverse To move to achieve close or far away, so as to locate the object.
  • the first positioning plate and the second positioning plate are correspondingly provided with a cutting area, and the cutting area extends along a side close to the cutting mechanism in a direction close to the first transmission shaft or the second transmission shaft,
  • An open area with a predetermined shape is formed for forming a cutting work surface, and a reinforcing part is arranged on a positioning plate near the edge of the open area.
  • the second working surface is lower than the first working surface, so that the intersection of the first working surface and the second working surface forms a guiding side, and a guiding groove is provided on the guiding side, and the The side of the transverse sliding table is provided with guide protrusions adapted to the guide grooves.
  • the deviation in the vertical direction or the height direction can be reduced, and the deviation in the lateral movement direction can be reduced at the same time, and the machining accuracy can be improved.
  • the first positioning plate is provided with a threaded hole seat near the fixed end of the first transmission shaft;
  • the second positioning plate is provided with an array of positioning holes, and several support columns are installed in the positioning holes according to engineering needs ;
  • the avoidance space is parallel to the cutting knife in the vertical direction and a predetermined distance away from the cutting knife in the horizontal direction.
  • the positioning plate is supported to prevent uneven distribution of the center of gravity and pressure.
  • the present application provides another technical solution, a cutting method using a precise positioning cutting machine, including the following steps:
  • the transmission component transmits the workpiece to the predetermined position, and the cutting mechanism cuts the workpiece
  • the first positioning plate and the second positioning plate are activated to move toward each other, or one positioning plate is kept stationary, and the other positioning plate approaches or moves away.
  • Two sets of positioning units are set up, the hydraulic cylinder drives the drive shaft to move forward or reverse, so that the positioning plate rises or falls, and the movement direction of the positioning plate in the two positioning units is opposite; a clamping space is formed between the two positioning plates, and The pressure direction of the plate on the workpiece is parallel to the cutting surface.
  • the positioning plate and the workpiece are pressed and positioned by surface contact, which provides a larger pressing and positioning area.
  • the effect of the moment of the cantilever beam is reduced, and the number of cutting knives is reduced. Vibrates with the workpiece to keep the workpiece position fixed and prevent the cutting track from changing.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutting machine.
  • Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the positioning mechanism.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the first fixing base.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the second positioning plate.
  • Figure 5 is a top view of a positioning plate with an open area.
  • Fig. 6 is a top view of a positioning plate with ribs.
  • this embodiment provides a precise positioning cutting machine, including a workbench 1 , a cutting mechanism 2 , a transmission assembly 3 and a positioning mechanism 4 .
  • the worktable 1 includes a first working surface 11 and a second working surface 12, the first working surface 11 is provided with a cutting mechanism 2, and the cutting mechanism 2 includes a fixed frame (not shown in the figure), installed on the first working surface 11, the fixed frame has a vertical plate and a horizontal plate, a drive shaft is installed on the lower surface of the horizontal plate, one end of the drive shaft is connected to the output end of the drive motor, and the other end is connected to the cutting knife, and the cutting knife faces the second working surface 12 extending a predetermined distance.
  • the transmission assembly 3 of the present embodiment comprises a screw assembly 31, a transverse sliding table 32, a longitudinal slide rail 33 and a longitudinal sliding table 34;
  • the ends are respectively connected to the screw assembly 31, and the transverse slide 32 can reciprocate along the length direction of the screw (that is, the X direction);
  • the longitudinal slide 33 is arranged on the transverse slide 32, and the longitudinal slide 33 moves along 32 extends in the length direction (that is, the Y direction), and the longitudinal slide 34 is installed on the longitudinal slide rail 33
  • the drive motor and the controller are respectively connected to the transverse slide 32 and the longitudinal slide 34 to drive and control the transverse slide 32 and
  • the longitudinal slide table 34 slides in a predetermined direction.
  • the positioning mechanism 4 of the present embodiment includes two groups of positioning units, which are respectively a first positioning unit and a second positioning unit;
  • the first positioning unit includes a first hydraulic cylinder 41, a first driving device, a first positioning unit, and a first positioning unit.
  • the first driving device is connected with the first hydraulic cylinder 41 for driving the first hydraulic cylinder 41 to work, and the first swing rod 42
  • the quantity is set to two, which are respectively set at both ends of the first hydraulic cylinder 41.
  • the first hydraulic cylinder 41 works, it will drive the first swing rod 42 to rotate, and the first transmission shaft 44 and the first fixing seat are set accordingly.
  • the number of 43 is two, and the first transmission shaft 44 passes through the first fixed seat 43 and is connected with the first swing lever 42, and the first one is fixed above the first swing lever 42, and when the first swing lever 42 rotates, Drive the first transmission shaft 44 to rotate;
  • One side of the first positioning plate 45 is provided with two first through holes, and the first transmission shaft 44 extends a part through the first through holes respectively, between the first transmission shaft 44 and the first
  • the contacting part of the positioning plate 45 and the extended part are provided with external threads, and at the same time, a hole seat (not shown in the drawing) is provided on the first through hole.
  • the hole seat is fixedly connected to the first positioning plate 45, and the first transmission shaft 44 thread rotations drive the first positioning plate 45 to move up and down.
  • the second positioning unit comprises a second hydraulic cylinder 410, a second driving device, a second swing rod 49, a second fixed seat 48, a second transmission shaft 47 and a second positioning plate 46; the second driving device and the second hydraulic cylinder 410 connected to drive the second hydraulic cylinder 410 to work, the number of the second swing rod 49 is set to two, which are respectively set at the two ends of the second hydraulic cylinder 410, when the second hydraulic cylinder 410 works, it will drive the second swing
  • the rod 49 rotates, and the number of the second transmission shaft 47 and the second fixed seat 48 is set correspondingly to be two, the second transmission shaft 47 passes through the second fixed seat 48 and is connected with the second swing lever 49, and the second is fixed on the connection Above the second swing lever 49, when the second swing lever 49 rotates, it will drive the second transmission shaft 47 to rotate; one side of the second positioning plate 46 is provided with two second through holes, and the second transmission shaft 47 is passed through respectively.
  • a part is extended through the second through hole, and an external thread is provided on the part where the second transmission shaft 47 is in contact with the second positioning plate 46 and the extended part.
  • a hole seat is set on the second through hole, and the hole seat is fixedly connected to the On the second positioning plate 46, the second transmission shaft 47 is screwed to drive the second positioning plate 46 to move up and down.
  • the size of the second positioning plate 46 is greater than the size of the first positioning plate 45.
  • the pressure direction of the workpiece is perpendicular to the cutting surface, but in this embodiment, the pressure direction of the positioning plate on the workpiece is parallel to the cutting surface.
  • the pressure direction of the positioning plate on the workpiece is parallel to the cutting surface.
  • vertical guide grooves 411 are respectively provided on the first fixing seat 43, and guide members 412 are respectively provided on the second positioning plate 46, and the guide members 412 are used in conjunction with the guide grooves 411, This enables the second positioning plate 46 to move back and forth in the vertical direction with less lateral movement, thereby achieving a better positioning effect.
  • the working direction of the first hydraulic cylinder 41 is opposite to that of the second hydraulic cylinder 410, which drives the transmission shaft to move forward or in the opposite direction, so that the positioning plate rises or falls; the positioning plate of the first positioning unit and the second positioning unit move in opposite directions, and the two A clamping space is formed between the positioning plates for clamping the workpiece, and the clamping space can be adjusted according to the size of the workpiece.
  • first transmission shaft 44 and the second transmission shaft 47 are rotatably connected to the longitudinal sliding table 34 through bearings. Specifically, the outer ring of the bearing is fixed to the longitudinal sliding table 34 , and the inner ring of the bearing is fixed to the first transmission shaft 44 or the second transmission shaft 47 .
  • the first transmission shaft 44 and the second transmission shaft 47 have a degree of freedom of rotation, but there is no degree of freedom of movement in the vertical direction or in the plane of the longitudinal sliding table 34 . Therefore, through the rotation of the first transmission shaft 44 and the second transmission shaft 47, the first positioning plate 45 and the second positioning plate 46 are driven to move toward each other or in the opposite direction to realize approaching or moving away, thereby positioning the object.
  • the slide table is provided with a bearing positioning groove, and one end of the first transmission shaft 44 and the second transmission shaft 47 are respectively fixedly connected with the inner ring of the bearing, and the outer ring of the bearing is fixed in the bearing positioning groove, so that the first transmission shaft 44 and the second transmission shaft 47 have rotational freedom along the central axis.
  • a larger clamping area is provided, and the working area of the object to be processed is increased at the same time.
  • a tightening surface is formed to clamp the object.
  • part of the clamping area is unnecessary or the force is not large. Therefore, part of the area is cut into a hollowed-out working area.
  • a reinforcement part is provided at the edge of the open area or the working area, such as a reinforcement rib or a thickened part extending vertically and horizontally along the plane of the positioning plate.
  • the transmission shaft 47 extends in the direction to form an open area of a predetermined shape for forming a cutting work surface, and a reinforcing part is arranged on the positioning plate near the edge of the open area.
  • first positioning plate 45 and the second positioning plate 46 can be disassembled and replaced as required, they can be adjusted according to actual needs in different processing environments, which increases the flexibility of the system.
  • the cutting error is not only caused by the cutting knife receiving the steric resistance and internal force of the object to be cut, resulting in deformation of the cutting track, but also affected by tolerances, such as the distance between the horizontal slide table 32 and the screw rod. Between the tolerance, and the tolerance between the longitudinal slide 34 and the slide rail. In order to reduce the impact of the tolerance between the transverse slide 32 and the screw on the cutting track and improve the accuracy of transverse cutting, the following design is made:
  • a guide side with a vertical height is formed at the intersection of the first working surface 11 and the second working surface 12, and set on the guide side guide groove 411 , and guide protrusions adapted to the guide groove 411 are provided on the side of the transverse sliding table 32 .
  • the tolerance control between the guide protrusion and the guide groove 411 the deviation in the vertical direction or the height direction can be reduced, and the deviation in the lateral movement direction can be reduced at the same time, and the machining accuracy can be improved.
  • first positioning plate 45 and the second positioning plate 46 correspond to a hollowed-out working space with open edges, due to the high density of some workpieces, during the cutting process, due to the effect of its own weight , the edge that has been cut forms a cantilever beam, which will deviate downwards, causing the workpiece to have a certain inclination. Then, in the subsequent cutting process, the workpiece is not completely parallel, and the cutting surface has a certain inclination angle. To this end, the following structural design is adopted.
  • the second positioning plate 46 is provided with an array of supporting column positioning holes, for example arranged vertically and horizontally or punched in a predetermined work area, which can be through holes or blind holes, and generally threaded holes can be used.
  • a support column is installed on the positioning hole, the center line of the support column is parallel to the vertical direction, and the center line is parallel to the vertical direction.
  • the horizontal distance of the cutting knife is greater than the predetermined distance, so as to realize space avoidance, so that the support column will not affect the advancement and retreat of the cutting knife.
  • the position and number of support columns are set according to the size and shape of the workpiece.
  • the distance between at least two positioning holes (and the positioning columns installed in the positioning holes) should meet the requirements. That is to say, at least two positioning holes in the array of positioning holes of the supporting posts are far away from the cutting path by a predetermined distance.
  • various positioning tracks can be formed as required.
  • Several positioning holes can be designed according to the cutting work, and form a support column installation track that avoids the cutting path and supports the edge of the workpiece.
  • the positioning plate has an arc-shaped hole
  • the cutting track becomes an arc-shaped cutting track parallel to the arc-shaped surface of the edge of the positioning plate
  • the support column supports the arc edge of the workpiece
  • the workpiece can also form a square support column arrangement route (or track, track of support column distribution).
  • some support columns are also installed to support the rest of the workpiece and prevent uneven distribution of the center of gravity and pressure.
  • a track space for the cutting knife to advance is formed by the positioning hole and the support column.
  • the arrangement of the support columns has reserved a movable avoidance space for the cutting knife.
  • the support column forms a continuous avoidance space parallel to the cutting knife in the vertical direction and a predetermined distance away from the cutting knife in the horizontal direction. According to different workpiece processing shapes and cutting knife movement tracks, different forms of avoidance spaces can be formed. This is achieved by removing and installing the support columns. The flexibility of the tooling is better.
  • the thickness of the positioning plate (including the first positioning plate 45 and the second positioning plate 46 ) may be relatively thin under some working conditions, there is a deviation when it cooperates with the transmission shaft, which affects its rise and decline. Therefore, a threaded hole seat is set at the fixed end of the first positioning plate 45 near the first transmission shaft 44, which increases the contact distance between the positioning plate and the transmission shaft, which helps to reduce the inclination in the vertical direction, while improving the movement accuracy and stability.
  • the positioning state of the positioning mechanism 4 includes the following:
  • the movable connection drives the first positioning plate 45 to move up and down.
  • the second positioning plate 46 is in a fixed position, which realizes the tightening and positioning of the workpiece by the first positioning plate 45 and the second positioning plate 46 .
  • the first positioning unit and the second positioning unit because the working directions of the first hydraulic cylinder 41 and the second hydraulic cylinder 410 are opposite, drive the transmission shaft to move forward or reverse, so that the first positioning plate 45 and the second positioning plate 46
  • the direction of movement is different, the first case: the first positioning plate 45 moves upwards, and the second positioning plate 46 moves downwards, and the first positioning plate 45 and the second positioning plate 46 form a positioning space, which is larger than the above-mentioned positioning space.
  • the positioning space formed by the positioning state is all large; the second situation: the first positioning plate 45 moves downwards, and the second positioning plate 46 moves upwards, and the first positioning plate 45 and the second positioning plate 46 have formed a positioning space.
  • the space is smaller than the positioning space formed by the above-mentioned positioning states.
  • the positioning state of the positioning mechanism 4 is selected to achieve a better positioning effect.
  • the horizontal sliding table 32 in this embodiment is set to reciprocate in the X direction
  • the vertical sliding table 34 is set to reciprocate in the Y direction.
  • the cutting knife can cut the workpiece in X direction or Y direction, as well as in X and Y directions to meet different cutting requirements.
  • Clamp and position the workpiece in the positioning space formed by the first positioning plate 45 and the second positioning plate 46 drive the hydraulic cylinder, adjust the position of the positioning plate, accurately position and clamp the workpiece, and adjust the horizontal sliding table 32 and the longitudinal sliding table 34 position, move to predetermined position, start cutting mechanism 2, workpiece is cut, after finishing cutting, control and adjust the position of transverse slide table 32 and longitudinal slide table 34, cut next time.
  • the outstanding feature is the surface clamping and replaceable design.
  • the clamping force is parallel to the moving direction of the cutting knife, or in other words, the clamping force will not be The cutting seam of the cutting object is compressed, thereby affecting the movement of the cutting knife.
  • the clamping device in this solution will not hinder the cutting knife from advancing, nor will it cause the object that has been cut to be squeezed inward due to clamping, resulting in deformation of the object. Therefore, by changing the direction of the clamping force, the problem of poor precision caused by the clamping force on cutting resistance and object deformation is solved.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shearing Machines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种精准定位切割机及其切割方法,属于切割机技术领域。一种精准定位切割机,包括:工作台、切割机构、传动组件、和定位机构;所述定位机构,包括两组定位单元,每组定位单元包括安装在纵向滑台上的一组固定座,分别连接在固定座上的一组传动轴,与一组传动轴连接的定位板,以及两端分别与传动轴连接的液压缸;通过带动传动轴正向或反向移动,使定位板上升或下降;两组定位单元中的定位板运动方向相反,两个定位板之间形成夹持空间。定位板与工件采用面接触压紧定位,提供了更大的压紧定位面积,减少了悬臂梁力矩的作用,减少了切割刀与工件之间振动,始终保持工件位置固定,防止切割轨迹发生改变。

Description

一种精准定位切割机及其切割方法 技术领域
本发明涉及切割机技术领域,具体涉及一种精准定位切割机及其切割方法。
背景技术
随着机械加工业地发展,市场对切割的质量、精度等要求越来越高。目前用于切割的切割机可分为数控切割机、等离子切割机、激光切割机和水切割机等等。
在板材的加工中,企业为了减少生产成本,大多采用半自动数控切割机,将板材切割为薄板、中板、厚板和特厚板。
现有的对板材加工的切割机,虽然工作台上设置有夹持定位机构,比如将板材夹持在夹持钳中,切割机在进行切割时,因为切割刀是高速振动,在接触板材时,由于夹持钳与板材的接触面积较小,且夹持钳为悬臂梁结构,从本体向外延伸一段较长的距离,在板材内部阻力的作用下,夹持钳的悬臂梁受到力矩的作用,导致夹持钳与板材之间振动,随着振动能量的积累,振动幅度会增加,可能导致板材会发生位置移动,导致切割轨迹改变。
同时,由于现有夹持钳的夹持方向与重力方向垂直,因此,在切割刀的作用下,会形成倾斜的受力,导致夹持钳发生一定的扭转,进一步影响切割轨迹。
总之,现有夹持钳的定位精度较差,定位效果不好。
技术问题
本发明为了解决上述问题,提供了一种精准定位切割机及其切割方法。
技术解决方案
一种精准定位切割机,包括:
工作台,包括第一工作面和第二工作面;
切割机构,安装于所述第一工作面上,所述切割机构具有用于切割工件的、朝向第二工作面延伸预定距离的切割刀;
传动组件,包括沿横向安装在第二工作面上一组平行设置的丝杆组件,以及两端分别连接在丝杆组件上的、可沿丝杆长度方向往复移动的横向滑台;所述横向滑台设置沿其长度方向延伸的纵向滑轨,所述纵向滑轨上设置有纵向滑台;
定位机构,包括两组定位单元,每组定位单元包括安装在纵向滑台上的一组固定座,分别连接在固定座上的一组传动轴,与一组传动轴连接的定位板,以及两端分别与传动轴连接的液压缸;
通过带动传动轴正向或反向移动,使定位板上升或下降;两组定位单元中的定位板运动方向相反,两个定位板之间形成夹持空间;
定位板对所述工件的压力方向与切割面平行。
在进一步的实施例中,所述定位机构包括第一定位单元和第二定位单元,所述第一定位单元包括:第一液压缸以及用于驱动所述第一液压缸工作的第一驱动装置;至少两个第一摆动杆,分别与所述第一液压缸的两端连接;第一固定座,设于所述第一摆动杆上;第一传动轴,一端贯穿所述第一固定座与所述第一摆动杆连接;第一定位板,一侧开设至少两个第一通孔;所述第一传动轴穿过所述第一通孔与所述第一定位板活动连接。
通过采用上述技术方案,第一液压缸工作带动第一摆动杆转动,第一摆动杆带动第一传动轴转动,第一传动轴带动第一定位板运动,实现第一定位板的上升或下降。
在进一步的实施例中,所述第二定位单元包括:第二定位板,相对设于所述第一定位板下方,所述第二定位板的尺寸大于所述第一定位的尺寸;所述第二定位板一侧开设至少两个第二通孔;第二传动轴,一端贯穿所述第二通孔,与所述第二定位板活动连接;第二固定座,被所述第二传动轴的另一端贯穿;至少两个第二摆动杆,与所述第二传动轴连接;第二液压缸,所述第二液压缸的两端分别与所述第二摆动杆连接;第二驱动装置,用于驱动所述第二液压缸工作。
通过采用上述技术方案,第二液压缸工作带动第二摆动杆转动,第二摆动杆带动第二传动轴转动,第二传动轴带动第二定位板运动,实现第二定位板的上升或下降;第二定位板的尺寸大于第一定位板,实现第二定位板、工件和第一定位板三者无障碍表面贴合。
在进一步的实施例中,所述第一固定座上分别设置有竖直方向的导向槽,所述第二定位板上分别设置有与导向槽配合的、使第二定位板沿竖直方向往复移动并减少侧移的导向件。
通过采用上述技术方案,导向件在导向槽滑动,实现第二定位板能沿竖直方向往复移动,并且减少第二定位板侧移。
在进一步的实施例中,所述第一传动轴、第二传动轴与纵向滑台转动连接;所述纵向滑台上设置有轴承定位槽,第一传动轴和第二传动轴的一端分别与轴承的内圈固定连接,轴承的外圈通过固定在轴承定位槽中,使第一传动轴和第二传动轴具有沿中轴线的转动自由度。
通过采用上述技术方案,实现了第一传动轴和第二转动轴具有转动自由度,在竖直方向或纵向滑台平面没有活动自由度,从而带动第一定位板、第二定位板相向或反向运动,实现靠近或远离,从而对物体进行定位。
在进一步的实施例中,所述第一定位板和第二定位板对应开设有切割区域,所述切割区域沿靠近切割机构的一侧向靠近第一传动轴或第二传动轴的方向延伸,形成一预定形状的开放区域,用于形成切割作业面,靠近开放区域边缘的定位板上设置有加强部。
通过采用上述技术方案,实现了面夹紧并且提供了更大的夹紧面积,同时增加待加工物体的工作区域;靠近开放区域边缘的定位板上设置加强部,用于加强定位板。
在进一步的实施例中,所述第二工作面低于第一工作面,使得第一工作面与第二工作面的交接处形成一导向侧面,所述导向侧面上设置有导向槽,所述横向滑台的侧面设置有与导向槽适配的导向凸起。
通过采用上述技术方案,通过导向凸起与导向槽之间的公差控制,能够减少在竖直方向或者高度方向上的偏差,同时减少横向移动方向上的偏差,提高加工精度。
在进一步的实施例中,所述第一定位板靠近第一传动轴的固定端设置螺纹孔座;所述第二定位板上设置有定位孔阵列,定位孔中根据工程需要安装有若干支撑柱;所述定位孔阵列中至少有两个以上的定位孔远离切割路径预定距离,并形成避开切割路径,对工件边缘处形成支撑的支撑柱安装轨迹;或者,支撑柱形成有连续的、竖直方向上平行于切割刀、水平方向上距离切割刀预定距离的避让空间。
通过采用上述技术方案,对定位板进行支撑,防止重心和压力分布不匀。
本申请提供另一种技术方案,一种采用精准定位切割机的切割方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将带切割的工件固定在定位机构的定位空间内,定位空间根据工件的尺寸进行适配调节;
S2:传动组件将工件传送到预定位置,切割机构对工件进行切割;
S3:完成切割后,传动组件进行反方向运动,进行下一次切割。
在进一步的实施例中,根据加工要求,启动使第一定位板、第二定位板相向运动,或者保持一个定位板静止,另一定位板靠近或远离。
有益效果
设置两组定位单元,液压缸工作带动传动轴正向或反向移动,使定位板上升或下降,两组定位单元中定位板运动方向相反;两个定位板之间形成夹持空间,且定位板对工件的压力方向与切割面平行,定位板与工件采用面接触压紧定位,提供了更大的压紧定位面积,相对与现有技术,减少了悬臂梁力矩的作用,减少了切割刀与工件之间振动,始终保持工件位置固定,防止切割轨迹发生改变。
附图说明
图1是切割机的结构示意图。
图2是定位机构的结构示意图。
图3是第一固定座的结构示意图。
图4是第二定位板的结构示意图。
图5是具有开放区域的定位板的俯视图。
图6是具有加强筋的定位板的俯视图。
附图标记说明:工作台1、第一工作面11、第二工作面12、切割机构2、传动组件3、丝杆组件31、横向滑台32、纵向滑轨33、纵向滑台34、定位机构4、第一液压缸41、第一摆动杆42、第一固定座43、第一传动轴44、第一定位板45、第二定位板46、第二传动轴47、第二固定座48、第二摆动杆49、第二液压缸410、导向槽411、导向件412。
本发明的实施方式
在下文的描述中,给出了大量具体的细节以便提供对本发明更为彻底的理解。然而,对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,本发明无需一个或多个这些细节而得以实施。在其他例子中,为了避免与本发明发生混淆,对于本领域公知的一些技术特征未进行描述。
实施例 1
如图1所示,本实施例提供了一种精准定位切割机,包括工作台1、切割机构2、传动组件3和定位机构4。其中工作台1包括第一工作面11和第二工作面12,第一工作面11上设置有切割机构2,切割机构2包括固定架(图中画出未标示),安装在第一工作面11上,固定架具有竖直板和水平板,在水平板的下表面安装有驱动轴,驱动轴的一端与驱动电机的输出端连接,另一端与切割刀连接,切割刀朝向第二工作面12延伸预定距离的。
本实施例的传动组件3包括丝杆组件31、横向滑台32、纵向滑轨33和纵向滑台34;丝杆组件31沿着横向安装在第二工作面12上,横向滑台32的两端分别连接在丝杆组件31上,横向滑台32可沿丝杆长度方向(即X方向)作往复运动;纵向滑轨33设置在横向滑台32上,纵向滑轨33沿着横向滑台32的长度方向(即Y方向)延伸,纵向滑台34安装在纵向滑轨33上,在横向滑台32和纵向滑台34分别连接有驱动电机和控制器,驱动和控制横向滑台32和纵向滑台34在预定的方向上滑动。
如图2所示,本实施例的定位机构4,包括两组定位单元,分别为第一定位单元和第二定位单元;第一定位单元包括第一液压缸41、第一驱动装置、第一摆动杆42、第一固定座43、第一传动轴44和第一定位板45;第一驱动装置与第一液压缸41相连接,用于驱动第一液压缸41工作,第一摆动杆42数量设置为两个,分别设置与第一液压缸41的两端,当第一液压缸41工作时,会带动第一摆动杆42进行转动,相应地设置第一传动轴44和第一固定座43的数量为两个,第一传动轴44穿过第一固定座43与第一摆动杆42连接,第一固定在连接在第一摆动杆42上方,在第一摆动杆42转动时,会带动第一传动轴44转动;在第一定位板45的一侧开设两个第一通孔,第一传动轴44分别穿过第一通孔延伸出一部分,在第一传动轴44与第一定位板45接触的部分以及延伸出的部分设置外螺纹,同时在第一通孔上设置孔座(图中画出未标示),孔座固定连接在第一定位板45上,第一传动轴44螺纹转动带动第一定位板45上下移动。第二定位单元包括第二液压缸410、第二驱动装置、第二摆动杆49、第二固定座48、第二传动轴47和第二定位板46;第二驱动装置与第二液压缸410相连接,用于驱动第二液压缸410工作,第二摆动杆49数量设置为两个,分别设置与第二液压缸410的两端,当第二液压缸410工作时,会带动第二摆动杆49进行转动,相应地设置第二传动轴47和第二固定座48的数量为两个,第二传动轴47穿过第二固定座48与第二摆动杆49连接,第二固定在连接在第二摆动杆49上方,在第二摆动杆49转动时,会带动第二传动轴47转动;在第二定位板46的一侧开设两个第二通孔,第二传动轴47分别穿过第二通孔延伸出一部分,在第二传动轴47与第二定位板46接触的部分以及延伸出的部分设置外螺纹,同时在第二通孔上设置孔座,孔座固定连接在第二定位板46上,第二传动轴47螺纹转动带动第二定位板46上下移动。第二定位板46的尺寸大于第一定位板45的尺寸,当进行对工件夹持时,往第一定位板45的位置移动时,第二定位板46上的孔座不会对第一定位板45的运动造成阻碍,第一定位板45和第二定位可更佳地与工件表面接触,对工件进行精准定位夹持。
在现有技术中工件受到的压力方向是垂直于切割面,而本实施例中定位板对工件的压力方向与切割面平行。在现有技术中,当工件在切割时,由于压力垂直于切割面,所以随着切割面的延伸,工件两侧受到压力,朝着切割面内侧运动,从而造成工件局部变形,并且挤压切割刀。
在本实施例中,当工件在切割时,由于压力方向是平行与切割面的,所以随着切割面的延伸,工件两侧受力与切割面平行,减少工件位移从而减少局部变形,防止挤压切割刀。
如图3和4所示,在第一固定座43上分别设置有竖直方向的导向槽411,在第二定位板46分别设置有导向件412,该导向件412与导向槽411配合使用,使得第二定位板46能沿竖直方向往复移动并且较少侧移,实现较好的定位效果。
第一液压缸41与第二液压缸410的的工作方向相反,带动传动轴正向或方向移动,使得定位板上升或下降;第一定位单元与第二定单元的定位板运动方向相反,两个定位板之间形成夹持空间,用于夹持工件,该夹持空间能根据工件的尺寸大小,进行调节。
在进一步的实施例中,第一传动轴44和第二传动轴47通过轴承与纵向滑台34转动连接。具体地,轴承的外圈与纵向滑台34固定,轴承的内圈与第一传动轴44或者第二传动轴47固定。通过上述方式,使得第一传动轴44、第二传动轴47具有转动自由度,而在竖直方向或纵向滑台34平面没有活动自由度。因此通过第一传动轴44、第二传动轴47的转动,带动第一定位板45、第二定位板46相向或反向运动,实现靠近或远离,从而对物体进行定位。
换言之,滑台上设置有轴承定位槽,第一传动轴44和第二传动轴47的一端分别与轴承的内圈固定连接,轴承的外圈通过固定在轴承定位槽中,使第一传动轴44和第二传动轴47具有沿中轴线的转动自由度。
在上述实施例中,为了解决现有技术加紧区域为线接触或接触面较小,导致在压紧区域边缘,会产生较为明显的变形,导致待切割物体出现不均匀的密度或强度,从而对待加工的物体造成形变,影响加工效果的问题,提供了一种面接触压紧的方案。但是这种方案在部分加工案例中,会导致物体被压紧的区域过大,工作面积减少的问题,导致原料浪费。为此针对部分场景设计了如下方案:
通过面夹紧和线夹紧结合的方式,提供更大的夹紧面积,同时增加待加工物体的工作区域。换句话说,在整体上,形成一个加紧面,对物体进行夹紧。而根据分析,部分夹紧区域是非必要的或者作用力不大的,为此,将部分区域切割呈镂空的工作区域。同时由于采用了镂空的结构,会导致部分区域弱化,因此在开放区域或者说工作区域的边缘处设置加强部,例如沿定位板平面纵横延伸的加强筋或者加厚部。
也即,通过在第一定位板45和第二定位板46对应开设有切割区域,如图5和6所示,切割区域沿靠近切割机构2的一侧向靠近第一传动轴44或第二传动轴47的方向延伸,形成一预定形状的开放区域,用于形成切割作业面,靠近开放区域边缘的定位板上设置有加强部。
在上述实施例中,实现面式夹紧与增大工作区域的均衡。由于第一定位板45和第二定位板46可以根据需要进行拆卸更换,因此在不同的加工环境下,可以根据实际需要进行调整,增加了***的柔性。
在进一步的实施例中,切割的误差,除了来源于切割刀收到待切割物体的位阻和内力的作用,导致切割轨迹变形,还会受到公差的影响,例如横向滑台32与丝杆之间的公差,以及纵向滑台34与滑轨之间的公差。为了减小横向滑台32与丝杆之间公差对切割轨迹造成的影响,提高横向切割的精度,做了如下设计:
使得第二工作面12低于第一工作面11,通过这种设计,在第一工作面11与第二工作面12的交接处形成一具有竖直高度的导向侧面,并且在导向侧面上设置导向槽411,然后在横向滑台32的侧面设置与导向槽411适配的导向凸起。通过导向凸起和导向槽411之间的公差控制,能够减小在竖直方向或者说高度方向上的偏差,同时减少横向移动方向上的偏差,提高加工精度。
在进一步的实施例中,如果第一定位板45和第二定位板46对应均开有边缘开放的镂空的工作空间,由于部分工件的密度较大,在切割的过程中,由于其自重的作用,已经切割的边缘形成悬臂梁,会向下偏移,使工件产生一定的倾斜,则在后续的切割过程中,工件不是完全平行的,切割面具有一定的倾斜角。为此,采用如下结构设计。
在第二定位板46上设置支撑柱定位孔阵列,例如纵横排列或在预定的工件作业区域打孔,可以为通孔或盲孔,一般可以采用螺纹孔。当第一、第二定位板46就位后,根据镂空部分的工作区域以及已经设定好的切割路径,在定位孔上安装支撑柱,支撑柱的中心线平行于竖直方向,中心线与切割刀的水平距离大于预定距离,以实现空间避让,使支撑柱不会影响切割刀的前进和后退。
一般而言,根据工件的大小和形状设置支撑柱的位置和数量,在工程上,一般要至少有两个定位孔(及安装在定位孔的定位柱)的距离满足要求。也就是说,所述支撑柱定位孔阵列中至少有两个以上的定位孔远离切割路径预定距离。换句话说,通过按照一定规则排布的定位孔,可以根据需要形成多种定位轨迹。若干定位孔可以根据切割工作进行设计,并形成避开切割路径,对工件边缘处形成支撑的支撑柱安装轨迹。
例如,当定位板开有弧形孔时,假定有一种情况是切割轨迹成平行定位板边缘弧形面的弧形切割轨迹,则通过在定位板上定位孔中安装平行于弧形切割轨迹的支撑柱,对加工工件的弧形边缘进行支撑。
如果工件为方形,也可以形成方形的支撑柱排列路线(或称轨迹、支撑柱分布的轨迹)。
需要说明的是,在其他部分,也安装有部分支撑柱,以对工件的其余部分进行支撑,防止重心和压力分布不均。换句话说,第二支撑板上通过定位孔和支撑柱形成有切割刀前进的轨迹空间。支撑柱的排布方式已经预留出切割刀的活动避让空间。换句话说,支撑柱形成有连续的、竖直方向上平行于切割刀、水平方向上距离切割刀预定距离的避让空间。根据不同的工件加工形状和切割刀运动轨迹,可以形成不同形态的避让空间。通过拆卸和安装支撑柱即可实现。工装的柔性更好。
在进一步的实施例中,由于在部分工况下,定位板(包括第一定位板45和第二定位板46)的厚度可能较薄,在与传动轴的配合时存在偏差,影响其上升和下降。因此,在第一定位板45靠近第一传动轴44的固定端设置螺纹孔座,增加定位板与传动轴之间的接触距离,有利于在竖直方向上减小倾斜,同时提高运动精度和稳定性。
定位机构4的定位状态包括以下几种:
1、单独启用其中一个定位单元
(1)单独启用第一定位单元,驱动第一液压缸41,第一液压缸41进行工作,带动第一摆动杆42进行转动,第一摆动杆42带动第一传动轴44进行转动,通过螺纹活动连接,带动第一定位板45的上下移动,此时第二定位板46位置固定,实现了第一定位板45与第二定位板46对工件的加紧定位。
(2)单独启用第二定位单元,驱动第二液压缸410,第二液压缸410进行工作,带动第二摆动杆49进行转动,第二摆动杆49带动第二传动轴47进行转动,通过螺纹活动连接,带动第二定位板46的上下移动,第二定位板46上的导向件412沿着第一定位座上的导向槽411上下移动,减少了第二定位板46在竖直方向发生侧移的现象,此时第一定位板45位置固定,实现了第二定位板46与第一定位板45对工件的加紧定位。
2、启用两个定位单元
启动第一定位单元和第二定位单元,由于第一液压缸41和第二液压缸410的工作方向相反,带动传动轴正方或反向移动,使得第一定位板45和第二定位板46的移动方向不相同,第一种情况:第一定位板45向上移动,第二定位板46向下移动,第一定位板45与第二定位板46形成定位空间,该定位空间比上述提到的定位状态形成的定位空间都要大;第二种情况:第一定位板45向下移动,第二定位板46向上移动,第一定位板45与第二定位板46形成了定位空间,该定位空间比上述提到的定位状态形成的定位空间都要小。
根据实际需要定位的工件尺寸或者薄厚度,选择适配定位机构4的定位状态,以达到更佳的定位效果。
如图1所示,本实施例中的横向滑台32被设置在X方向上进行往复运动,纵向滑台34被设置在Y方向上进行往复运动。切割刀能对工件进行在X方向上切割或者在Y方向上切割,以及在X和Y两个方向上进行切割,满足不同的切割需求。
本实施例的工作原理如下:
将工件夹持定位在第一定位板45和第二定位板46形成的定位空间内,驱动液压缸,调节定位板的位置,对工件进行精准定位夹持,调节横向滑台32和纵向滑台34的位置,移动到预定位置,启动切割机构2,对工件进行切割,完成切割后,控制调节横向滑台32和纵向滑台34的位置,进行下一次切割。
在本技术方案中,突出的特点是面夹紧和可更换的设计,同时需要注意的是,本方案中,夹紧力与切割刀的运动方向平行,或者说,夹紧力不会将待切割物体的切割缝进行压紧,从而影响切割刀的运动。换句话说,本方案中的夹紧装置,不会阻碍切割刀的行进,也不会使得因为夹紧而导致已经切割部分的物体向内挤压,导致物体变形。因此,通过变换夹紧力的方向,解决了夹紧力对切割阻力和物体变形导致精度变差的问题。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本发明的技术构思范围内,对本发明的技术方案进行多种等同变换,这些等同变换均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种精准定位切割机,其特征在于,包括:
    工作台,包括第一工作面和第二工作面;
    切割机构,安装于所述第一工作面上,所述切割机构具有用于切割工件的、朝向第二工作面延伸预定距离的切割刀;
    传动组件,包括沿横向安装在第二工作面上一组平行设置的丝杆组件,以及两端分别连接在丝杆组件上的、可沿丝杆长度方向往复移动的横向滑台;所述横向滑台设置沿其长度方向延伸的纵向滑轨,所述纵向滑轨上设置有纵向滑台;
    定位机构,包括两组定位单元,每组定位单元包括安装在纵向滑台上的一组固定座,分别连接在固定座上的一组传动轴,与一组传动轴连接的定位板,以及两端分别与传动轴连接的液压缸;
    通过带动传动轴正向或反向移动,使定位板上升或下降;两组定位单元中的定位板运动方向相反,两个定位板之间形成夹持空间;
    定位板对所述工件的压力方向与切割面平行。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种精准定位切割机,其特征在于:
    所述定位机构包括第一定位单元和第二定位单元,所述第一定位单元包括:
    第一液压缸以及用于驱动所述第一液压缸工作的第一驱动装置;
    至少两个第一摆动杆,分别与所述第一液压缸的两端连接;
    第一固定座,设于所述第一摆动杆上;
    第一传动轴,一端贯穿所述第一固定座与所述第一摆动杆连接;
    第一定位板,一侧开设至少两个第一通孔;所述第一传动轴穿过所述第一通孔与所述第一定位板活动连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种精准定位切割机,其特征在于:
    所述第二定位单元包括:
    第二定位板,相对设于所述第一定位板下方,所述第二定位板的尺寸大于所述第一定位的尺寸;所述第二定位板一侧开设至少两个第二通孔;
    第二传动轴,一端贯穿所述第二通孔,与所述第二定位板活动连接;
    第二固定座,被所述第二传动轴的另一端贯穿;
    至少两个第二摆动杆,与所述第二传动轴连接;
    第二液压缸,所述第二液压缸的两端分别与所述第二摆动杆连接;
    第二驱动装置,用于驱动所述第二液压缸工作。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种精准定位切割机,其特征在于:所述第一固定座上分别设置有竖直方向的导向槽,所述第二定位板上分别设置有与导向槽配合的、使第二定位板沿竖直方向往复移动并减少侧移的导向件。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种精准定位切割机,其特征在于:所述第一传动轴、第二传动轴与纵向滑台转动连接;所述纵向滑台上设置有轴承定位槽,第一传动轴和第二传动轴的一端分别与轴承的内圈固定连接,轴承的外圈通过固定在轴承定位槽中,使第一传动轴和第二传动轴具有沿中轴线的转动自由度。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种精准定位切割机,其特征在于:所述第一定位板和第二定位板对应开设有切割区域,所述切割区域沿靠近切割机构的一侧向靠近第一传动轴或第二传动轴的方向延伸,形成一预定形状的开放区域,用于形成切割作业面,靠近开放区域边缘的定位板上设置有加强部。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种精准定位切割机,其特征在于:所述第二工作面低于第一工作面,使得第一工作面与第二工作面的交接处形成一导向侧面,所述导向侧面上设置有导向槽,所述横向滑台的侧面设置有与导向槽适配的导向凸起。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种精准定位切割机,其特征在于:
    所述第一定位板靠近第一传动轴的固定端设置螺纹孔座;
    所述第二定位板上设置有定位孔阵列,定位孔中根据工程需要安装有若干支撑柱;
    所述定位孔阵列中至少有两个以上的定位孔远离切割路径预定距离,并形成避开切割路径,对工件边缘处形成支撑的支撑柱安装轨迹;
    或者,支撑柱形成有连续的、竖直方向上平行于切割刀、水平方向上距离切割刀预定距离的避让空间。
  9. 一种采用权利要求1至8中任一项切割机的切割方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    S1:将带切割的工件固定在定位机构的定位空间内,定位空间根据工件的尺寸进行适配调节;
    S2:传动组件将工件传送到预定位置,切割机构对工件进行切割;
    S3:完成切割后,传动组件进行反方向运动,进行下一次切割。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的切割方法,其特征在于,还包括:
    根据加工要求,启动使第一定位板、第二定位板相向运动,或者保持一个定位板静止,另一定位板靠近或远离。
PCT/CN2021/105415 2021-06-04 2021-07-09 一种精准定位切割机及其切割方法 WO2022252342A1 (zh)

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